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• Router reconfigures PC's and they can no longer access the internet via hardwired connection to DSL Modem

  - by zchads

  Router reconfigures PC's and they can no longer access the internet via hardwired connection to DSL Modem. Hardware Information: Buffalo Wireless Router/access point, Model: WZR-HP-G300NH-AP DSL Modem: Generic (actually not sure of manufacture). Service Provider: TOT (Thailand) Laptop-1: Windows XP and Belkin PCMIA Network Card Laptop-2: Windows XP unknown network card & Wifi Laptop-3: Windows 7 unknown network card & Wifi Outline of Problem/actions taken: After a recent power failure the router and laptop-1 connected to router were no longer able to access the internet. Actions taken to try and recover internet access: Using Laptop-1 tried to configure Router with PPPoe settings using software from Router Manufacture. During the installation process a Timeout error was experienced, unable to connect to WAN. Used Internet Explorer to communicate directly with Router using IP address. Changed settings to use PPPoe settings given by ISP. Router was not able to communicate with Internet. Repeated steps 1-4 again with no success. Reset Router and DSL modem. Repeated steps 1-4 again still no success. Tried connecting Laptop-1 directly to DSL to gain access to internet to research problem. No Network connection with DSL could be established…connection would be established for a second and then be lost and didn’t appear long enough to actually connect to DSL. Replugged LAN back into Router and connection was regained with laptop-1. Replugged Laptop-1 directly into DSL and again unable to establish network connection. Uninstalled network card and all of its drivers on Laptop-1. Reinstalled network card and drivers and tried connecting directly to DSL. Still unable to make network connection. Plugged DSL into Laptop-3 and Internet connection was established. Being Laptop-3 does not have a CD-Rom, Laptop-2 was tried to connect to the router. With Laptop-2 steps 1-7 ended up being repeated without success. Tried plugging Laptop-2 directly into DSL and again no network connection could be established. Using Laptop-3 with a direct connection to DSL downloaded latest Router FW. Installed router FW using Laptop-1. Tired the installation process again without success. Being desperate reinstalled OS on Laptop-1 still not success. Tried using “ipconfig” with router to see what was going on without success. With laptop-1 connected to DSL went through the “ipconfig /…” inputs to see if anything made a difference. Being the network card was not able to make a connection this provide very little information “media disconnected”. So now I have a router and two laptops which are unable to connect to the internet and sure could use some advice/help.

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• USB mouse disconnecting and reconnecting randomly and often

  - by Marc

  Specs: Q6600, evga 780I sli mobo, 4gig RAM, logitech MX518, windows 7 64bit, evga gtx 260, 650W power supply (single rail) The problem I am having is my mouse will reconnect/disconnect (will even hear the sounds from windows) and the light on the bottom of the mouse will turn off/turn on as it starts working again. It really sucks to be playing a game (and happens on desktop as well) for the mouse to just die out for a few seconds and come back. Sometimes it will not happen for days and other times it will do it 2 or more times within 15 seconds. I have tried two different wired mice, have tried multiple USB ports (on front of computer, back of computer, have also used a USB hub and have also plugged in a card that connects to the USB connectors on the motherboard and adds a few usb ports to the back of the computer, and I also bought a USB 2.0 PCI card and that did not help). Nothing else seems to reconnect like this, my usb keyboard has never once cut out like the mouse does and neither have any of the other devices I have connected (webcam, usb hub, various devices sometimes connected through usb cables, and IR reciever for windows media center remote). I have disconnected all usb devices except for my keyboard and mouse and the problem still occurs. I guess it could be something wrong with my motherboard but since no other devices behave similarly I'm just hoping that it is some kind of driver conflict. Installing logitech's drivers has had no effect. It seemed at first that if I go to device manager and uninstall HID-compliant mouse (that and logitech mx518 are listed) that would fix it but it doesn't seem to work anymore or at least not every time (it keeps reinstalling). I have googled "usb mouse disconnects and reconnects" and it seems to be fairly common but none of those were resolved. To stick some easy steps: It happens with or without the drivers installed It has happened with multiple mice on the same computer Bios is the latest version (P08) Motherboard drivers are the latest version Device manager is listing no problems on any USB devices Happens with every usb port, even addon usb cards Happens when all usb devices aside from mouse and keyboard are unplugged I read that maybe it is an IRQ conflict and I tried to look into that but did not really know what was going on, but didn't see anything obviously wrong. Thanks for any help guys, its driving me crazy!

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• HID USB Very Strange Problem...

  - by Lasanha

  I realy hope some one can help me here cause i search all over the web and nothing comes up.. I allways used PS/2 KB and Mouse and a USB KeyPad (Genius ErgoMedia 500 Gaming Explorer) to play some games, mmorpg, fps, you named, very good whit 11 keys whit possible macros etc etc... Now it comes the problem, i have a USB mouse that have 4 extra buttons, and i need more button, i love buttons.. Well, i plug in the USB mouse and disconectes de PS/2. Everything is ok until i toutch the mouse. If i do so, the ErgoMedia goes off, then on, then i mouse the mouse or press a button and all over again. Yesterday i went buying a new mouse that i liked, a USB mouse too (NPlay whit macros and all that stuff 3600dpi...) Hoping the problem was only whit the other mouse, but no.. It does the exact same thing, ErgoMedia keeps disconecting and conecting everytime i toutch the mouse. What i allready did: Update drivers of both mouses Update drivers of ErgoMedia (no specific drivers(Windows based)) Update drivers of MB Chipset (Actualy no, cause it was up to date allready) Trying other USB Ports (4 Ports back, 4 Ports Front and even 1 Port in 16 card slot device) Disable the "Allows Windows to shut down the energy bla bla" thing in Device Setings. Look up in the Device Setings only apear a problem on the ergomedia (Human interface Device) when i move the damm mouse.. Using Everest to read behavier, everything normal, exepts the disconecting thing, but no errors. Not a power suply, only the ErgoMedia and the mouse are in the USBs, and i allready disable the 16 card reader whit one usb slot to see.. Clean the IRQ registry. Look the entire internet for a fix solution. Help others problems wile looking for a fix for me (Im not a pro but not a completly stupid) Talking to you beggin you to help me as a last resorce... Machine: Acer M3641 Core2Quad 64x Based OS Vista 64b 4GbRAM HD Audio and Graphics I realy hope some one out there knows a fix for this, maybe it´s a simple thing, so simple that i´m to stupid to see that.. Sorry for my bad inglish but i write lot of erros even in my language. Any help will be very welcome. Tanks for ur concern and atention ^^

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• Critique My Backup and Storage Plan

  - by MetaHyperBolic

  My current storage (RAID-1 off of a hardware RAID card) and backup (a spare drive) solutions for my home network are inadequate. I have too much data scattered on various one-off drives. It is time to evolve. Backups seem simple enough, at least: lots of big drives. However, I am bewildered by the number of choices for small home storage. The Drobo S looks appealing. So does the ReadyNAS. I am not looking for bunches of shiny features, I'm mostly interested in reliability. I am not interested in building Yet Another PC to create a file server or doing something in the cloud, or whatever. I'm stupid, so I am keeping it simple. Requirements for Main Volume: Starting working space roughly 2TB, with options for growth up to 5TB RAID or something RAID-like with at least one parity drive eSATA II for speed during backups Ability to shut down gracefully when alerted of low power by a UPS Optional but Desirable: Will take 2TB drives now with options for the larger 3TB drives coming in 2010-2011 Optional but Desirable: : RAID-6 or something similar, with two parity drives Optional but Desirable: : Hot spare Ethernet connection not required, as the volume will be shared via the same machines which runs my home print server Backups: Backup performed via ROBOCOPY in mirror mode to an external hard drive via a eSATA II connection. Start with rotating between two external 2TB hard drives, will go up to six external 2TB drives. Start with a weekly backup, move to a bi-weekly backup as more drives are added. Move to 3TB drives as the size of my main volume increases. Backup drives will be stored on an off-site location. Hard drives: I plan on buying all of the same model, but different batches from different vendors. I found a "burn-in" utility with which I can pound away on the drives for a couple of weeks before adding them to the backup pool or the main volume. I estimate that I am looking at roughly $1,500 to start, once I start throwing in two TB drives for backup and four for storage. So, are there any obvious flaws in my plan? What have I overlooked? Any suggestions for the storage device for my main volume that fits my requirements? Or do I just keep it simple, 2 drives in RAID-1, then perform due diligence with my backups, accepting that I will have to buy a whole new unit when my data grows past 2TB?

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• Unable to connect to SVN server on VPS : Subversion Configuration Problem

  - by Pritam Barhate

  Hello everybody, I purchased a VPS account (centos-5-x86_64) from Hostgator mainly for the purpose of setting up an online Subversion Server. This is the first time I am managing a VPS and my linux skills are not so great, but I have basic knowledge of the OS and have been using it on and off as desktop from last few years. So after foxing through a few tutorials online, as the first step I logged in using SSH root account provided by Hostgator and tried to run, yum install mod_dav_svn subversion As it turns out my account has Cpanel/WHM and since it some concept of easy apache straight forward procedure of yum install mod_dav_svn subversion won't work. After that I found out how it can be worked out by compiling the source and stuff. But the whole procedure looked long and scary. [I am just a linux nub]. so I decided I would just skip whole apache integration stuff and just access the server using svn:// protocol, anyways that's how I configure svn on our LAN. So I installed subversion using yum install subversion It installed fine. Then I created a folder /svn_repos/testproject and ran svnadmin create /svn_repos/testproject/ No Problems Using vi I changed svnserve.conf and passwd files for the repository and added a user with my name. Anonymous users don't have any access, authenticated users have write access. Then I started svnserve using svnserve -d then in same terminal window svn list svn://localhost/svn_repos/testproject Asks for authentication for realm, provided root password then for svn username and password. Provided both. The command returns nothing but exists properly. Returns nothing is understood I didn't import anything. But if try to access svn remotely using in another terminal: svn list svn://ip.add.of.server/svn_repos/testproject svn: Can't connect to host 'ip.add.of.server': Operation timed out Is what I get. Parallels Power Panel that I got from Hostgator reports that: The firewall is not active now. To activate the firewall, choose one of the firewall operation modes. So if firewall is not running and I can access svn using localhost, why the operation is timing out when I try to access svn from a remote machine? Experienced network admins please help. Thanks in advance. Also please suggest a good book which gives detailed information on configuring Dedicated servers + WHM and CPanel.

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• Web Site Serving, Cloud-Computing, oh, my

  - by Frank

  I'm planning a software based service. To give it a bit of context (type of traffic), assume it similar to facebook in nature (with a little GitHub thrown in). I've been trying to understand my different hosting options. I've been using a shared host with GoDaddy for years just fine. I currently host a Wordpress web site there and I've not had any problems. Quite frankly, they've taken good care of me. However, the nature of a shared hosting environment is limited in nature. For example, I can't do anything but host a web site there. For example, I can not run a Mercurial server. Last time I attempted to build a web application with the intention of eventually launching it via GoDaddy, I ran in to all sorts of troubles because it was shared-hosted. Assembly issues, etc. At the time, the cost and time sank my project. (The lack of direct access was also frustrating.) (to be fair to godaddy, this was over 3 years ago) I've been looking at Rackspace or Amazon as a possible cloud solution but it seems to be just processing power and bandwidth (and an OS). From what I understand, I'd need to get Apache and MySQL Working on my own. The way cloud hosting is priced, however, seems appealing. I figure my final option might be to use a virtual private host. I think this would be more flexible than a shared-host site but less scalable than a cloud based server. So, I guess my question is what is an appropriate solution for someone who intends to build a web application service? I figure that I need to establish a hosting environment now rather than later so I can plan to effectively use the environment. I'd prefer to be fairly economical to start out with. I really can't afford to pay $999 (or even $99) while I build up the site and get the core functionality online but at the same time, I'd like to have the selected environment grow as needed. Thank you.

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• How to properly shutdown a Linux VMware Server Host

  - by Mikee

  Hi Everybody: In our lab, we have a server running Ubuntu Linux 8.04.4 x64, with VMware Server 2.1 hosting 4 VM's. I have a major concern with regards to shutting down the host server. Mostly, how do I ensure that the guest VM's are being shut down safely? In the VMware web interface console, I have enabled: "Allow virtual machines to start and stop automatically with the system" I enabled the Default Startup Delay for 15 seconds along with the "Start next VM immediately if the VMware Tools start" option checked I enabled the Default Shutdown Delay with a 60 second shutdown delay and a Shutdown Action of "Shut Down Guest" All VM's have the VMware Tools installed and properly working. All VM's are moved up into the "Specified Order" section of "Startup Order", thus when powering the server back on, all those VM's should start up again in that specified order. When I went to shut down the server, I used the shutdown -h now command. Based on the settings I entered above, I was expecting a 4 minute shutdown, as there is an option to delay the shutdown of each VM by 60 seconds. However, that is not what happened. Instead, the server shutdown in under a minute. When I powered the server back on, only 2 VM's properly loaded. The other 2 showed the following error: "Power on Virtual Machine" failed to complete If these problems problems persist, please contact your system administrator. Details: Cannot open the disk '[location to .vmdk]' or one of the snapshot disks it depends on. Reason: Failed to lock the file. Obviously, if this error occured, then it is clear to me that the VM's were not properly shutdown, or the server powered off before the VM's were completely shutdown. I have fixed the above error by deleting the .lck files in the respective VM directories. How would I know if the VM's were properly shut down? I checked the VMware-server logs, but they only seem to display the logs of when the vmware-mgmt service is running in the current session. I'm mostly running Linux VM's, so is there an easy way to know whether or not a server was properly shut down in Linux? Thank you all for the help!

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• WinXP - Having trouble sharing internet with 3G USB modem via ICS

  - by Carlos Nunez

  all! I've been banging my head against a wall with this issue for a few days now and am hoping someone can help out. I recently signed up for T-Mobile's webConnect 3G/4G service to replace the faltering (and slow) DSL connection in my apartment. The goal was to put the SIM in one of my old phones and use its built-in WLAN tethering feature to share Internet out to rest of my computers. I quickly found out that webConnect-provisioned SIMs do not work with regular smartphones, so I was forced to either buy a 4G-compatible router or tether one of my old laptops to my wireless router and share out that way. I chose the latter, and it's sharpening my inner masochistic self by the day. Here's the setup: GSM USB modem (via hub), ICS host - 10/100 Mbps Ethernet NIC, ICS "guest" - WAN port of my SMC WGBR14N wireless router in bridged mode (i.e. wireless access point). Ideally, this would make my laptop the DHCP server and internet gateway with the WAP giving everyone wireless coverage. I can browse internet on the host laptop fine. However, when clients try to connect, they get a DHCP-assigned IP from the laptop and are able to use the Internet for a few minutes before completely dying. After that happens, they are able to re-associate with the WAP and get IP addresses, but are unable to use Internet or resolve IP addresses until the laptop and router are restarted. If they do get access, it's very, very slow. After running Wireshark on the host machine, it turns out that this is because every TCP connection keeps getting RST. DNS seems to work. I would normally think the firewall is the culprit here, but when it drops packets, it drops them completely. The fact that TCP connections are being ACK'ed by the destination rules that out. Of course, none of the event Log isn't saying anything about what's going on. I also tried disabling power management on the NIC, since that's caused problems in the past; that didn't help either. I finally disabled receive-side scaling as per a Microsoft KB (that applied to Windows Server 2003, SP2) to no avail. I'm thinking of trying it with a different NIC (will be tough; don't have a spare Ethernet NIC around for the laptop), but I'm getting the impression that this simply doesn't work. Can anyone please advise? I apologise for the length of this post; all contributions are much appreciated! -Carlos.

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• Windows 7 laptop constantly dropping internet connection

  - by Corbin Holbert

  I have scoured the web for an answer and failed to find one. I am using a Toshiba Satellite laptop running Windows 7 64-Bit. I have the computer connected via Wifi. Now, I am no beginner with the Internet, or anything related to computers, as I have grown up teaching everyone around me how to use computers, and went to college for IT. Everything on my network works flawlessly at all times, except for this evil laptop. The worst part is that I fixed this once before a few years back and recently had to replace the hard drive and re-install the OS, but cannot for the life of me remember what I did to make this problem go away. I am in my browser, connected to the Internet. I click a link. Suddenly no internet access. All I do is click down on the WiFi connection in the task bar, disconnect and reconnect immediately. Internet is back the moment I hit "connect." I have read many people had the same issues as I am having, but they all had triggers or other network issues. I have no trigger (this happens literally five to six times per minute no matter what I am doing) and I have no problems with my router, modem, or any other devices or computers on said network. As I am a web designer, and like to test my work live at every turn- this is going to result in this laptop being in pieces if I can't get it fixed soon. If more info is needed, let me know and I will provide. Thanks for any help offered! EDIT: Network Card: Realtek RTL8188CE Wireless LAN 802.11n PCI-E NIC Network state reads as "No Internet Access" when the problem first occurs, then magically I have Internet access for about ten seconds once I disconnect and reconnect. I have turned off IPV6, I have turned off power saving options for the network adapter, no viruses. Any new ideas? Also, I had to disconnect and reconnect four times just to get to this edit screen- and will likely have to do the same just to post it- it's that bad.

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• Apache and MySQL taking all the memory? Maximum connections?

  - by lpfavreau

  I've a had one of our servers going down (network wise) but keeping its uptime (so looks the server is not losing its power) recently. I've asked my hosting company to investigate and I've been told, after investigation, that Apache and MySQL were at all time using 80% of the memory and peaking at 95% and that I might be needing to add some more RAM to the server. One of their justifications to adding more RAM was that I was using the default max connections setting (125 for MySQL and 150 for Apache) and that for handling those 150 simultaneous connections, I would need at least 3Gb of memory instead of the 1Gb I have at the moment. Now, I understand that tweaking the max connections might be better than me leaving the default setting although I didn't feel it was a concern at the moment, having had servers with the same configuration handle more traffic than the current 1 or 2 visitors before the lunch, telling myself I'd tweak it depending on the visits pattern later. I've also always known Apache was more memory hungry under default settings than its competitor such as nginx and lighttpd. Nonetheless, looking at the stats of my machine, I'm trying to see how my hosting company got those numbers. I'm getting: # free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1000 944 56 0 148 725 -/+ buffers/cache: 71 929 Swap: 1953 0 1953 Which I guess means that yes, the server is reserving around 95% of its memory at the moment but I also thought it meant that only 71 out of the 1000 total were really used by the applications at the moment looking a the buffers/cache row. Also I don't see any swapping: # vmstat 60 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 0 0 0 57612 151704 742596 0 0 1 1 3 11 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 57604 151704 742596 0 0 0 1 1 24 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 57604 151704 742596 0 0 0 2 1 18 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 57604 151704 742596 0 0 0 0 1 13 0 0 100 0 And finally, while requesting a page: top - 08:33:19 up 3 days, 13:11, 2 users, load average: 0.06, 0.02, 0.00 Tasks: 81 total, 1 running, 80 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.3%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1024616k total, 976744k used, 47872k free, 151716k buffers Swap: 2000052k total, 0k used, 2000052k free, 742596k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 24914 www-data 20 0 26296 8640 3724 S 2 0.8 0:00.06 apache2 23785 mysql 20 0 125m 18m 5268 S 1 1.9 0:04.54 mysqld 24491 www-data 20 0 25828 7488 3180 S 1 0.7 0:00.02 apache2 1 root 20 0 2844 1688 544 S 0 0.2 0:01.30 init ... So, I'd like to know, experts of serverfault: Do I really need more RAM at the moment? How do they calculate that for 150 simultaneous connections I'd need 3Gb? Thanks for your help!

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• SSD Fresh Does Not Start

  - by Jim Fell

  I recently installed a new 60GB SSD as my primary hard drive and re-installed Windows 7 Professional 64-bit. I then installed SSD Fress from Abelssoft to optimize Windows to run on the SSD. It seemed to install okay, but when I try to run the utility, its splash screen appears briefly before it quietly closes. No errors are displayed; the utility just fails to launch. I have run SSD Fresh on another SSD-equipped Windows 7 Pro x64 computer in the past without any problems. Does anyone know what might be preventing the program from running? I tried shutting down the Spybot Resident and disabling the firewall and virus scanner with no luck. I also tried running the tool as administrator; I even tried reinstalling it, running the installer as administrator. No luck. Every time I try to launch the program the Event Viewer logs this same set of errors: Error 4/2/2012 11:35:44 PM Application Error 1000 (100) Error 4/2/2012 11:35:43 PM .NET Runtime 1026 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None For those who are interested, here is my system configuration: ASRock M3A770DE AM3 AMD 770 ATX AMD Motherboard AMD Athlon II X3 455 Rana 3.3GHz Socket AM3 95W Triple-Core Desktop Processor ADX455WFGMBOX G.SKILL Value Series 8GB (2 x 4GB) 240-Pin DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 1333 (PC3 10600) Desktop Memory Model F3-10600CL9D-8GBNT Mushkin Enhanced Chronos Deluxe MKNSSDCR60GB-DX 2.5" 60GB SATA III Synchronous MLC Internal Solid State Drive (SSD) (Primary/Boot HD) Western Digital Caviar Blue RFHWD1600AAJS 160GB 7200 RPM SATA 3.0Gb/s 3.5" Internal Hard Drive -Bare Drive (Secondary HD) Sony Optiarc CD/DVD Burner Black SATA Model AD-7261S-0B LightScribe Support RAIDMAX RX-850AE 850W ATX12V v2.3 / EPS12V SLI Certified CrossFire Ready 80 PLUS GOLD Certified Modular Active PFC Power Supply ASUS HD7850-DC2-2GD5 Radeon HD 7850 2GB 256-bit GDDR5 PCI Express 3.0 x16 HDCP Ready CrossFireX Support Video Card Asus ML228H 21.5" Full HD LED BackLight LED Monitor Slim Design (x3)

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• mdadm raid5 recover double disk failure - with a twist (drive order)

  - by Peter Bos

  Let me acknowledge first off that I have made mistakes, and that I have a backup for most but not all of the data on this RAID. I still have hope of recovering the rest of the data. I don't have the kind of money to take the drives to a recovery expert company. Mistake #0, not having a 100% backup. I know. I have a mdadm RAID5 system of 4x3TB. Drives /dev/sd[b-e], all with one partition /dev/sd[b-e]1. I'm aware that RAID5 on very large drives is risky, yet I did it anyway. Recent events The RAID become degraded after a two drive failure. One drive [/dev/sdc] is really gone, the other [/dev/sde] came back up after a power cycle, but was not automatically re-added to the RAID. So I was left with a 4 device RAID with only 2 active drives [/dev/sdb and /dev/sdd]. Mistake #1, not using dd copies of the drives for restoring the RAID. I did not have the drives or the time. Mistake #2, not making a backup of the superblock and mdadm -E of the remaining drives. Recovery attempt I reassembled the RAID in degraded mode with mdadm --assemble --force /dev/md0, using /dev/sd[bde]1. I could then access my data. I replaced /dev/sdc with a spare; empty; identical drive. I removed the old /dev/sdc1 from the RAID mdadm --fail /dev/md0 /dev/sdc1 Mistake #3, not doing this before replacing the drive I then partitioned the new /dev/sdc and added it to the RAID. mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sdc1 It then began to restore the RAID. ETA 300 mins. I followed the process via /proc/mdstat to 2% and then went to do other stuff. Checking the result Several hours (but less then 300 mins) later, I checked the process. It had stopped due to a read error on /dev/sde1. Here is where the trouble really starts I then removed /dev/sde1 from the RAID and re-added it. I can't remember why I did this; it was late. mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sde1 mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sde1 However, /dev/sde1 was now marked as spare. So I decided to recreate the whole array using --assume-clean using what I thought was the right order, and with /dev/sdc1 missing. mdadm --create /dev/md0 --assume-clean -l5 -n4 /dev/sdb1 missing /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 That worked, but the filesystem was not recognized while trying to mount. (It should have been EXT4). Device order I then checked a recent backup I had of /proc/mdstat, and I found the drive order. md0 : active raid5 sdb1[0] sde1[4] sdd1[2] sdc1[1] 8790402048 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU] I then remembered this RAID had suffered a drive loss about a year ago, and recovered from it by replacing the faulty drive with a spare one. That may have scrambled the device order a bit...so there was no drive [3] but only [0],[1],[2], and [4]. I tried to find the drive order with the Permute_array script: https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Permute_array.pl but that did not find the right order. Questions I now have two main questions: I screwed up all the superblocks on the drives, but only gave: mdadm --create --assume-clean commands (so I should not have overwritten the data itself on /dev/sd[bde]1. Am I right that in theory the RAID can be restored [assuming for a moment that /dev/sde1 is ok] if I just find the right device order? Is it important that /dev/sde1 be given the device number [4] in the RAID? When I create it with mdadm --create /dev/md0 --assume-clean -l5 -n4 \ /dev/sdb1 missing /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 it is assigned the number [3]. I wonder if that is relevant to the calculation of the parity blocks. If it turns out to be important, how can I recreate the array with /dev/sdb1[0] missing[1] /dev/sdd1[2] /dev/sde1[4]? If I could get that to work I could start it in degraded mode and add the new drive /dev/sdc1 and let it resync again. It's OK if you would like to point out to me that this may not have been the best course of action, but you'll find that I realized this. It would be great if anyone has any suggestions.

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• Backing Up vs. Redundancy

  - by TK Kocheran

  I'm currently in stage 2 of 3 of building my home workstation. What this means is that my RAID-0 array of solid state disks will be backed up nightly to a RAID-5 or RAID-6 array of traditional spinning hard disks. However, it recently dawned on me that redundancy is not backup. The main reason for setting up a RAID array with redundancy was to protect myself in the event of a drive failure to serve as an effective backup solution. Wait. What if a bolt of lightning finds a way to travel into my house, through my surge-protector, into my power supply and physically destroys all of my hard disks and SSDs? Well, in that case, I guess I'd be fine because I generally keep most important files (music, pictures, videos) stored in multiple places like on my laptop, my wife's laptop, and an encrypted USB hard drive. Wait. What if a giant hedgehog meteor attacks my house from space traveling at mach 3 and all machines and hard disks are blown to smithereens. Well, I guess I could find a way to do ridiculously slow and cumbersome rsyncs or backups to Amazon's Glacier. Wait. What if there's a nuclear apocalypse... and at this point I start laughing hysterically. At what point does backing up become irrelevant? I completely understand situation one (mechanical drive failure), situation two (workstation compromised or destroyed somehow), possibly even situation three (all machines and disks destroyed), but situation four? There's no questioning the need for backups. None. However, there are three questions I'd really like addressed: To what level should one backup? I definitely understand the merits of physical disk redundancy. I also believe in keeping important files on multiple machines and thinning out the possibility of losing all of my files. Online backups make sense, but they beg the following question. What should I be backing up remotely and how often? It's no problem storage-wise to back up important files (music, pictures, videos) and even configuration and temporal data for all of the machines in my network (all Linux based)... albeit locally. Transferring to the cloud is another story. Worst-case scenario, if I lost all of my configuration for my individual computers, the reality is that I probably lost the machines too. The cloud is a long way away from here; I can run backups over CAT-6 here and see 100MB/s easily, but I'm afraid that I'm only going to see 2MB/s at best when transferring up to the cloud.

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• Blank displays after inactivity, mouse cursor not showing up

  - by Mike Christiansen

  I have a Windows 7 Enterprise x86 machine that is exhibiting some strange problems. After some inactivity (it varies how long it takes), when I come back to my computer, both of my monitors are black. The monitors are on, with a black display. Moving the mouse and pressing keys on the keyboard do not work. This happens at least once a day. When I first encountered the issue, I performed a hard shutdown and restarted the computer. About 10% of the time when I did this, the resolutions on my monitors were messed up. The native resolution on the primary monitor is 1600x900, and the native on my secondary is 1440x900. None of the widescreen resolutions would be present in the display properties. I had 800x600, 1024x768, and 1280x1024. As a workaround to this issue, I've found that if I plug in my secondary monitor as the primary monitor, and leave the secondary unplugged, then Windows will start in 1024x768 on the secondary. Then, I can use Windows 7's "Detect" feature and it finds the 1440x900 resolution, and sets it. Then I have to connect the primary monitor to the secondary port and set it as the primary. Then I can switch the two cables, putting the primary into the primary, the secondary into the secondary. Then use the "Detect" feature again, and it finds the correct resolutions. Some time after performing the above, I discovered that when the screens were blanked, I could simply press "Control+Alt+Delete", type in my password, and everything comes up fine - except my mouse cursor. All applications and features work as intended, except there is no mouse cursor (the mouse actually works though...). I have the "Show location of pointer when I press CTRL key" option selected, so I can press CTRL and use my mouse as normal - but I have no actual cursor. When the computer is in this state, UAC is also not functional. Whenever a UAC prompt appears, the screens go black (the original symptoms) and I have to press Escape to exit UAC. Because of the above symptoms (the UAC black screen thing, etc) I beleive winlogon.exe may be the culprit. However, I have no idea how to fix it. I am unable to restart winlogon.exe due to the problems I am having with winlogon.exe (the UAC black screen) Looking for any ideas.... More information Windows 7 x86 Enterprise Domain environment (I have a secondary account with administrator rights) Dell Optiplex 960 Cannot perform "optional" windows updates due to an activation issue (I am testing a windows 7 image, and an activation infrastructure has not been created yet. However, this issue was happening before I was unable to perform windows update, and windows was up to date at the time Updated video card driver (as an attempt to fixing the resolution issue) Disabled all power saving options Please let me know what else you need to help me solve this issue! Thanks in advance, Mike

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• Brand new Mac Pro tower fan suddenly runs full-tilt

  - by Caffeine Coma

  My Quad-Core Mac Pro tower is two days old. Initially, I was impressed with how quiet it was compared to my older Macbook Pro. Then on day two, for some reason it started running very loudly. It's not just a "little" loud- my wife walked into the room and asked what the noise was. At first I thought this was just because I was hitting the CPU a bit (importing my iPhone library into iLife '09, and running Eclipse). But now that that's done, Activity Monitor shows a virtually idle CPU; there's nothing running that ought to be causing this, as far as I can tell. I tried powering it off & letting it cool down for a few minutes to no avail; about 10 seconds after powering up, the box gets loud again. I took a look at it with the side cover off, and it seems to be the fan near the top middle, between the power supply and the disk drive. It can't be a dust issue, as the machine is only 2 days old (and I peeked inside anyway just to be sure- clean). I did do a software update over the past 24 hours or so, but I can't say that it occurred immediately after that. I also did a migration of my old apps and data from my MBPro, for what it's worth. Why is it suddenly so loud? How can I monitor the fan speed and various system temperatures? Here's a link to my temps and fan speeds. UPDATE 1: Took it to the Apple Store. They took it in the back (where it's presumably quieter) and ran a fan diagnostic; no problems were found. The guy also told me that it was "a little loud", but normal. I don't buy it. It was virtually silent the first 24 hours I was using it. They would not replace/service it in the store (grrr... that's why I went there, as directed by Apple Care) but said I could get a replacement from the online store, as it was just purchased. I think I will try that. UPDATE 2: Apple is letting me send it back for a replacement. Glad to see so many responses to this question mentioning that the MacPros are usually silent; it's not all just in my head. :-)

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• Other Ideas to troubleshoot Cisco IPSec VPN on OSX?

  - by Tawm

  We have one user running OSX Snow Leopard who is having issues staying connected to our VPN running off of an ASA5510. His connection can die even as he's actively pushing traffic across it or if he's been idle for a period of time. Other users on Snow Leopard, Lion, XP, Vista, 7 and various linux flavors are able to stay connected for 24hrs+ without issue We've deleted and remade the connection in System Preferences Networking, ran killall racoon (kills any lingering connections) Below are the logs from the user's system.log from a connect/disconnect cycle: Oct 10 21:22:25 username racoon[8192]: Connecting. Oct 10 21:22:25 username racoon[8192]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Initiator, Aggressive-Mode message 1). Oct 10 21:22:25 username racoon[8192]: IKEv1 Phase1 AUTH: success. (Initiator, Aggressive-Mode Message 2). Oct 10 21:22:25 username racoon[8192]: IKE Packet: receive success. (Initiator, Aggressive-Mode message 2). Oct 10 21:22:25 username racoon[8192]: IKEv1 Phase1 Initiator: success. (Initiator, Aggressive-Mode). Oct 10 21:22:25 username racoon[8192]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Initiator, Aggressive-Mode message 3). Oct 10 21:22:29 username racoon[8192]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Mode-Config message). Oct 10 21:22:29 username racoon[8192]: IKEv1 XAUTH: success. (XAUTH Status is OK). Oct 10 21:22:29 username racoon[8192]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Mode-Config message). Oct 10 21:22:29 username racoon[8192]: IKEv1 Config: retransmited. (Mode-Config retransmit). Oct 10 21:22:29 username racoon[8192]: IKE Packet: receive success. (MODE-Config). Oct 10 21:22:29 username configd[14]: event_callback: Address added. previous interface setting (name: en1, address: 192.168.0.100), current interface setting (name: utun0, family: 1001, address: 10.215.8.53, subnet: 255.0.0.0, destination: 10.215.8.53). Oct 10 21:22:29 username racoon[8192]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Initiator, Quick-Mode message 1). Oct 10 21:22:29 username configd[14]: network configuration changed. Oct 10 21:22:29 username racoon[8192]: IKE Packet: receive success. (Initiator, Quick-Mode message 2). Oct 10 21:22:29 username racoon[8192]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Initiator, Quick-Mode message 3). Oct 10 21:22:29 username racoon[8192]: IKEv1 Phase2 Initiator: success. (Initiator, Quick-Mode). Oct 10 21:22:29 username racoon[8192]: Connected. Oct 10 21:22:29 username configd[14]: SCNCController: Connected. Oct 10 21:22:29 username racoon[8192]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Initiator, Quick-Mode message 1). Oct 10 21:22:29 username racoon[8192]: IKE Packet: receive success. (Initiator, Quick-Mode message 2). Oct 10 21:22:29 username racoon[8192]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Initiator, Quick-Mode message 3). Oct 10 21:22:29 username racoon[8192]: IKEv1 Phase2 Initiator: success. (Initiator, Quick-Mode). Oct 10 21:22:47 username login[8200]: USER_PROCESS: 8200 ttys003 Oct 10 21:22:48 username GrowlHelperApp[160]: Periodic CFURLCache Insert stats (iters: 17240) - Tx time:0.001749, # of Inserts: 1, # of bytes written: 304, Did shrink: NO, Size of cache-file: 26624, Num of Failures: 0 Oct 10 21:25:24 username login[7367]: DEAD_PROCESS: 7367 ttys002 Oct 10 21:25:31 username login[7907]: DEAD_PROCESS: 7907 ttys001 Oct 10 21:27:32 username configd[14]: SCNCController: Disconnecting. (Connection was up for, 303 seconds). Oct 10 21:27:32 username racoon[8192]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Information message). Oct 10 21:27:32 username racoon[8192]: IKEv1 Information-Notice: transmit success. (Delete IPSEC-SA). Oct 10 21:27:32 username racoon[8192]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Information message). Oct 10 21:27:32 username racoon[8192]: IKEv1 Information-Notice: transmit success. (Delete IPSEC-SA). Oct 10 21:27:32 username racoon[8192]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Information message). Oct 10 21:27:32 username racoon[8192]: IKEv1 Information-Notice: transmit success. (Delete ISAKMP-SA). Oct 10 21:27:32 username racoon[8192]: Disconnecting. (Connection was up for, 302.766105 seconds). Oct 10 21:27:32 username configd[14]: network configuration changed. Oct 10 21:27:34 username login[8200]: DEAD_PROCESS: 8200 ttys003

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• Linux server apache httpd processes take i/o wait to close to 100% and lock down server

  - by user3682065

  For about 5 days now, and seemingly out of the blue, my linux server has started locking up from time to time. The pattern is always the same as far as I can tell from top and iotop commands around the time it starts happening: One or more httpd processes (usually one) hang and start using up 100% of CPU power, the %wa goes close to 100% and in the iotop I see several httpd processes with 99.99% in the IO column. I'm also running an SVN server on this machine through apache and the one way that I've been consistently able to reproduce this is to do an SVN commit of new files or an SVN update from the repository on this server (I am the only one using this SVN repository). This will always reproduce this scenario successfully, but until very recently I had no problems at all checking in/out of SVN. But sometimes it just happens for no detectable reason at all it seems. So it seems like there is some issue with my Apache that leads it to have processes use up a lot of read/write upon certain triggers. I was wondering if anyone could help me uncover that issue. EDIT: OK now it's happening again: This is top: [root@server ~]# top top - 10:56:54 up 2:59, 5 users, load average: 171.46, 70.35, 27.01 Tasks: 328 total, 2 running, 326 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.9%us, 2.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.0%id, 96.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 2021144k total, 1968192k used, 52952k free, 2500k buffers Swap: 4194288k total, 2938584k used, 1255704k free, 39008k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 10390 apache 20 0 2774m 936m 6200 D 2.0 47.4 1:52.27 httpd 2149 root 20 0 927m 13m 1040 S 0.7 0.7 1:50.46 namecoind 11 root 20 0 0 0 0 R 0.3 0.0 0:30.10 events/0 23 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:17.88 kblockd/1 2049 root 20 0 382m 4932 2880 D 0.3 0.2 0:03.67 httpd 2144 root 20 0 1702m 69m 1164 S 0.3 3.5 5:19.68 bitcoind 6325 root 20 0 15164 1100 656 R 0.3 0.1 0:11.09 top 10311 apache 20 0 387m 9496 7320 D 0.3 0.5 0:01.89 httpd 10313 apache 20 0 391m 10m 7364 D 0.3 0.5 0:02.40 httpd 10466 apache 20 0 399m 12m 7392 D 0.3 0.7 0:02.41 httpd 10599 apache 20 0 391m 9324 7340 D 0.3 0.5 0:00.15 httpd 10628 apache 20 0 384m 7620 4052 D 0.3 0.4 0:00.01 httpd 10633 apache 20 0 384m 7048 3504 D 0.3 0.3 0:00.01 httpd 10634 apache 20 0 384m 8012 4048 D 0.3 0.4 0:00.02 httpd 10638 apache 20 0 400m 22m 9.8m D 0.3 1.1 0:01.93 httpd 10640 apache 20 0 385m 8288 4028 D 0.3 0.4 0:00.03 httpd 10641 apache 20 0 401m 21m 6376 D 0.3 1.1 0:01.45 httpd 10759 apache 20 0 385m 8816 3480 D 0.3 0.4 0:01.45 httpd 10773 apache 20 0 384m 8044 3464 D 0.3 0.4 0:00.02 httpd This is an iotop snapshot: Total DISK READ: 5.93 M/s | Total DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/s TID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO> COMMAND 10732 be/4 apache 3.76 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 58.48 % httpd 876 be/3 root 0.00 B/s 52.68 K/s 0.00 % 52.98 % [jbd2/dm-1-8] 10906 be/4 root 124.17 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 23.03 % sh -c [ -x /usr/local/psa/admin/sbin/backupmng ] && /usr/local/psa/admin/sbin/backupmng >/dev/null 2>&1 2156 be/4 root 206.94 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 21.15 % bitcoind 10904 be/4 mysql 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 18.94 % mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock 10773 be/4 apache 7.53 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 14.77 % httpd 10641 be/4 apache 15.05 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 11.57 % httpd 10399 be/4 apache 1057.29 K/s 0.00 B/s 43.16 % 10.56 % httpd 10682 be/4 sw-cp-se 158.03 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 7.45 % sw-engine-cgi -c /usr/local/psa/admin/conf/php.ini -d auto_prepend_file=auth.php3 -u psaadm 10774 be/4 apache 3.76 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 6.53 % httpd 10624 be/4 apache 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 5.53 % httpd 10356 be/4 apache 899.26 K/s 0.00 B/s 35.52 % 4.01 % httpd 10795 be/4 apache 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 3.93 % httpd 10804 be/4 apache 7.53 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 3.08 % httpd 4379 be/4 root 2.89 M/s 0.00 B/s 99.99 % 0.00 % namecoind 10619 be/4 apache 462.80 K/s 0.00 B/s 7.80 % 0.00 % httpd 10636 be/4 apache 3.76 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % httpd 10716 be/4 mysql 105.35 K/s 0.00 B/s 5.92 % 0.00 % mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock 1988 be/4 root 18.81 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % spamd_full.sock I also ran lsof -p for pid 10390 which was way up top under the top command and this is the bottom line where I can sort of see what request this was and it says CLOSE_WAIT: httpd 10390 apache 34u IPv6 315879 0t0 TCP default-domain.com:https->crawl-66-249-65-91.googlebot.com:42907 (CLOSE_WAIT) I'm still not sure what exactly is causing this all to happen though? I killed that service but %wa and load average remain high, I also stopped mysqld and other services. It really only goes down once I stop httpd altogether, and even then I can't start it without finding remaining hanging httpd processes via "netstat -tulpn", killing those or doing "killall -9 httpd" and after waiting a while for it to cycle through all those then doing /etc/init.d/httpd start

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• Rails 3 shows 404 error instead of index.html (nginx + unicorn)

  - by Miko

  I have an index.html in public/ that should be loading by default but instead I get a 404 error when I try to access http://example.com/ The page you were looking for doesn't exist. You may have mistyped the address or the page may have moved. This has something to do with nginx and unicorn which I am using to power Rails 3 When take unicorn out of the nginx configuration file, the problem goes away and index.html loads just fine. Here is my nginx configuration file: upstream unicorn { server unix:/tmp/.sock fail_timeout=0; } server { server_name example.com; root /www/example.com/current/public; index index.html; keepalive_timeout 5; location / { try_files $uri @unicorn; } location @unicorn { proxy_pass http://unicorn; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_redirect off; } } My config/routes.rb is pretty much empty: Advertise::Application.routes.draw do |map| resources :users end The index.html file is located in public/index.html and it loads fine if I request it directly: http://example.com/index.html To reiterate, when I remove all references to unicorn from the nginx conf, index.html loads without any problems, I have a hard time understanding why this occurs because nginx should be trying to load that file on its own by default. -- Here is the error stack from production.log: Started GET "/" for 68.107.80.21 at 2010-08-08 12:06:29 -0700 Processing by HomeController#index as HTML Completed in 1ms ActionView::MissingTemplate (Missing template home/index with {:handlers=>[:erb, :rjs, :builder, :rhtml, :rxml, :haml], :formats=>[:html], :locale=>[:en, :en]} in view paths "/www/example.com/releases/20100808170224/app/views", "/www/example.com/releases/20100808170224/vendor/plugins/paperclip/app/views", "/www/example.com/releases/20100808170224/vendor/plugins/haml/app/views"): /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-rc2/gems/actionpack-3.0.0.beta4/lib/action_view/paths.rb:14:in `find' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-rc2/gems/actionpack-3.0.0.beta4/lib/action_view/lookup_context.rb:79:in `find' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-rc2/gems/actionpack-3.0.0.beta4/lib/action_view/base.rb:186:in `find_template' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-rc2/gems/actionpack-3.0.0.beta4/lib/action_view/render/rendering.rb:45:in `_determine_template' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-rc2/gems/actionpack-3.0.0.beta4/lib/action_view/render/rendering.rb:23:in `render' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-rc2/gems/haml-3.0.15/lib/haml/helpers/action_view_mods.rb:13:in `render_with_haml' etc... -- nginx error log for this virtualhost comes up empty: 2010/08/08 12:40:22 [info] 3118#0: *1 client 68.107.80.21 closed keepalive connection My guess is unicorn is intercepting the request to index.html before nginx gets to process it.

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• Weighted round robins via TTL - possible?

  - by Joe Hopfgartner

  I currently use DNS round robin for load balancing, which works great. The records look like this (I have a ttl of 120 seconds) ;; ANSWER SECTION: orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 80.237.201.41 orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 87.230.54.12 orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 87.230.100.10 orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 87.230.51.65 I learned that not every ISP / device treats such a response the same way. For example some DNS servers rotate the addresses randomly or always cycle them through. Some just propagate the first entry, others try to determine which is best (regionally near) by looking at the ip address. However if the userbase is big enough (spreads over multiple ISPs etc) it balances pretty well. The discrepancies from highest to lowest loaded server hardly every exceeds 15%. However now I have the problem that I am introducing more servers into the systems, that not all have the same capacities. I currently only have 1gbps servers, but I want to work with 100mbit and also 10gbps servers too. So what I want is I want to introduce a server with 10 GBps with a weight of 100, a 1 gbps server with a weight of 10 and a 100 mbit server with a weight of 1. I used to add servers twice to bring more traffic to them (which worked nice. the bandwidth doubled almost.) But adding a 10gbit server 100 times to DNS is a bit rediculous. So I thought about using the TTL. If I give server A 240 seconds ttl and server B only 120 seconds (which is about about the minimum to use for round robin, as a lot of dns servers set to 120 if a lower ttl is specified.. so i have heard) I think something like this should occour in an ideal scenario: first 120 seconds 50% of requests get server A -> keep it for 240 seconds. 50% of requests get server B -> keep it for 120 seconds second 120 seconds 50% of requests still have server A cached -> keep it for another 120 seconds. 25% of requests get server A -> keep it for 240 seconds 25% of requests get server B -> keep it for 120 seconds third 120 seconds 25% will get server A (from the 50% of Server A that now expired) -> cache 240 sec 25% will get server B (from the 50% of Server A that now expired) -> cache 120 sec 25% will have server A cached for another 120 seconds 12.5% will get server B (from the 25% of server B that now expired) -> cache 120sec 12.5% will get server A (from the 25% of server B that now expired) -> cache 240 sec fourth 120 seconds 25% will have server A cached -> cache for another 120 secs 12.5% will get server A (from the 25% of b that now expired) -> cache 240 secs 12.5% will get server B (from the 25% of b that now expired) -> cache 120 secs 12.5% will get server A (from the 25% of a that now expired) -> cache 240 secs 12.5% will get server B (from the 25% of a that now expired) -> cache 120 secs 6.25% will get server A (from the 12.5% of b that now expired) -> cache 240 secs 6.25% will get server B (from the 12.5% of b that now expired) -> cache 120 secs 12.5% will have server A cached -> cache another 120 secs ... i think i lost something at this point but i think you get the idea.... As you can see this gets pretty complicated to predict and it will for sure not work out like this in practice. But it should definitely have an effect on the distribution! I know that weighted round robin exists and is just controlled by the root server. It just cycles through dns records when responding and returns dns records with a set propability that corresponds to the weighting. My DNS server does not support this, and my requirements are not that precise. If it doesnt weight perfectly its okay, but it should go into the right direction. I think using the TTL field could be a more elegant and easier solution - and it deosnt require a dns server that controls this dynamically, which saves resources - which is in my opinion the whole point of dns load balancing vs hardware load balancers. My question now is... are there any best prectices / methos / rules of thumb to weight round robin distribution using the TTL attribute of DNS records? Edit: The system is a forward proxy server system. The amount of Bandwidth (not requests) exceeds what one single server with ethernet can handle. So I need a balancing solution that distributes the bandwidth to several servers. Are there any alternative methods than using DNS? Of course I can use a load balancer with fibre channel etc, but the costs are rediciulous and it also increases only the width of the bottleneck and does not eliminate it. The only thing i can think of are anycast (is it anycast or multicast?) ip addresses, but I don't have the means to set up such a system.

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• Why does Ubuntu 9.10 hang during boot at "Booting processor 1 APIC 0x1 ip 0x6000"?

  - by BraeburnDev

  I recently installed a new copy of Ubuntu 9.10 (Kernel 2.6.31-14) on to my Hp Pavilion dv6t, so I can setup a Linux development environment. The install went flawlessly and I proceeded with Ubuntu's udate manager's long list of updates (292 in all). I also setup a swap file and activated a Nvidia 185 driver for the Nvidia 260m GPU on the machine. After all this was done I restarted the computer and booted into Ubuntu this time with a newer 2.6.31-19 Kernel which was installed from the update manager. During booth the computer hung at this point: Feb 24 14:23:12 braeburn-laptop kernel: [ 0.013136] Performance Counters: Nehalem/Corei7 events, Intel PMU driver. Feb 24 14:23:12 braeburn-laptop kernel: [ 0.013141] ... version: 3 Feb 24 14:23:12 braeburn-laptop kernel: [ 0.013142] ... bit width: 48 Feb 24 14:23:12 braeburn-laptop kernel: [ 0.013144] ... generic counters: 4 Feb 24 14:23:12 braeburn-laptop kernel: [ 0.013146] ... value mask: 0000ffffffffffff Feb 24 14:23:12 braeburn-laptop kernel: [ 0.013147] ... max period: 000000007fffffff Feb 24 14:23:12 braeburn-laptop kernel: [ 0.013149] ... fixed-purpose counters: 3 Feb 24 14:23:12 braeburn-laptop kernel: [ 0.013151] ... counter mask: 000000070000000f Feb 24 14:23:12 braeburn-laptop kernel: [ 0.015539] ACPI: Core revision 20090521 Feb 24 14:23:12 braeburn-laptop kernel: [ 0.052264] Setting APIC routing to flat Feb 24 14:23:12 braeburn-laptop kernel: [ 0.052639] ..TIMER: vector=0x30 apic1=0 pin1=2 apic2=-1 pin2=-1 Feb 24 14:23:12 braeburn-laptop kernel: [ 0.152580] CPU0: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU Q 720 @ 1.60GHz stepping 05 Feb 24 14:23:12 braeburn-laptop kernel: [ 0.270845] Booting processor 1 APIC 0x1 ip 0x6000 I can post a full kern.log of this boot process if requested. Hopefully this is enough information to go on. I should add that I'm still new to configuring and running a Linux OS although I know enough basic command line usage to do software development. This is my attempt to become more familiar with Linux and manage my own system. I'd like to get some insight on the nature of this system hang, what the problem is and how to resolve it. At this point I can scrap the install if I broke something, but my intuition says this is an issue with the kernel recognizing the correct hardware configuration for my system, or perhaps this is an issue with the APIC drivers managing Nehalem's new power management capabilities? Thanks for looking at this issue and providing feed back.

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• Scoping a home dev server

  - by AbhikRK

  Hi. I’m looking to build a multi-purpose home development server. In this post, I’m looking to outline what I want from such a system, and the ‘why’s of it, to some limited extent, and finally, some rudiments of how I’m looking to go about that. I’m mostly a developer, with just about some sysadmin familiarity. So, please excuse, correct me, and suggest on any ignorance which would come across in the following ;-) It will serve the following goals to start with:- NAS (Looking at using ZFS) Source control repo e.g Git server Database e.g MySQL server Continuous Integration e.g Hudson server Other stuff as and when they come up e.g RabbitMQ etc A development sandbox to play around with new stuff I want to achieve a high uptime for 2-5 as much as possible. They should run as independent services and with minimal maintenance. (e.g TurnKey Linux appliances) I’m thinking of running them as individual Xen DomUs. Then, maybe the NAS can be a Dom0 and 6 can be another DomU. The User for this would be mostly me. I can see 2-4 being sometimes used by 2-3 users, but that would be infrequent. I’m looking for a repeatable setup. Ideally I’d like to automate this setup through Chef or Puppet or something similar. Once everything runs, I want to be able to ssh/screen/tmux into 1-6 from my laptop or any other computer on the LAN/on-the-go. My queries are:- Is putting 1-6, all of them on a single box, a good idea? If so, what kind of hardware should I be looking at, for a low-cost, low-power setup? Although not at present, but in future I might be looking at adding audio/media servers to the mix. Would that impact the answers to 1? I have an old Pentium 3 and 810e motherboard combination. Is there any way I could put it to use? I had a look at the Sheevaplug, and was wondering if I could split off the NAS on its own using that. But ruled it out preliminarily due to its reported heating issues. Is it something i should still consider? Thanks in advance

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• How to know the source of certain TCP traffic on AIX

  - by A.Rashad

  We have two AIX boxes, one for production system and another for testing. both systems are running ATM machine switches, where the ATM device is connected via TCP socket. we had an issue on production system where the machine would power off or get disconnected but the netstat -na | grep <IP of machine > would still mention that the socket is up when simulated that case on the UAT environment, the problem did not happen, where the socket would terminate in 3 to 5 minutes. when sniffed on the traffic between the machine and ATM we found that no traffic takes place on production while there is some sort of heartbeat on UAT. but it is not initiated by the application. $>tcpdump | grep -v "10.2.2.71" | grep -v "HSRP" | grep "10.3.1.30" tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on en6, link-type 1, capture size 96 bytes 09:08:13.323421 IP server073.afs3-callback > 10.3.1.30.impera: . 278204201:278204202(1) ack 3307884029 win 164 09:08:13.335334 IP 10.3.1.30.impera > server073.afs3-callback: . ack 1 win 64180 09:08:23.425771 IP 10.3.1.30.impera > server073.afs3-callback: . 1:2(1) ack 1 win 64180 09:08:23.425789 IP server073.afs3-callback > 10.3.1.30.impera: . ack 2 win 65535 09:09:13.628985 IP server073.afs3-callback > 10.3.1.30.impera: . 0:1(1) ack 1 win 164 09:09:13.633900 IP 10.3.1.30.impera > server073.afs3-callback: . ack 1 win 64180 09:09:23.373634 IP 10.3.1.30.impera > server073.afs3-callback: . 1:2(1) ack 1 win 64180 09:09:23.373647 IP server073.afs3-callback > 10.3.1.30.impera: . ack 2 win 65535 while on production, that traffic is not there. we want to know where this traffic is initiated from to implement on production to sense disconnection our comms parameters are: tcp_keepcnt = 2 tcp_keepidle = 100 tcp_keepinit = 150 tcp_keepintvl = 150 tcp_finwait2 = 1200 can anyone help?

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• Scoping a home dev server

  - by AbhikRK

  Hi. I’m looking to build a multi-purpose home development server. In this post, I’m looking to outline what I want from such a system, and the ‘why’s of it, to some limited extent, and finally, some rudiments of how I’m looking to go about that. I’m mostly a developer, with just about some sysadmin familiarity. So, please excuse, correct me, and suggest on any ignorance which would come across in the following ;-) It will serve the following goals to start with:- NAS (Looking at using ZFS) Source control repo e.g Git server Database e.g MySQL server Continuous Integration e.g Hudson server Other stuff as and when they come up e.g RabbitMQ etc A development sandbox to play around with new stuff I want to achieve a high uptime for 2-5 as much as possible. They should run as independent services and with minimal maintenance. (e.g TurnKey Linux appliances) I’m thinking of running them as individual Xen DomUs. Then, maybe the NAS can be a Dom0 and 6 can be another DomU. The User for this would be mostly me. I can see 2-4 being sometimes used by 2-3 users, but that would be infrequent. I’m looking for a repeatable setup. Ideally I’d like to automate this setup through Chef or Puppet or something similar. Once everything runs, I want to be able to ssh/screen/tmux into 1-6 from my laptop or any other computer on the LAN/on-the-go. My queries are:- Is putting 1-6, all of them on a single box, a good idea? If so, what kind of hardware should I be looking at, for a low-cost, low-power setup? Although not at present, but in future I might be looking at adding audio/media servers to the mix. Would that impact the answers to 1? I have an old Pentium 3 and 810e motherboard combination. Is there any way I could put it to use? I had a look at the Sheevaplug, and was wondering if I could split off the NAS on its own using that. But ruled it out preliminarily due to its reported heating issues. Is it something i should still consider? Thanks in advance Have posted this question previously on SuperUser but no responses yet. So was wondering if this is a more apt forum for this.

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• Core i7 c1e and speedstepping - BSOD on shutdown

  - by DeaconDesperado

  I'm having an interesting problem with my recent Core i7 Digital Audio workstation build that I am curious to see if others have encountered. First, here are the specs on the machine. ASUS P6TD Deluxe Intel X58 Socket LGA1366 MB Intel Core i7-950 3.06Ghz 8M LGA1366 CPU CORSAIR DOMINATOR 6GB (3 x 2GB) 240-Pin DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 1600 Western Digital Caviar Black WD5001AALS 500GB Plus a couple ASUS optical drives and a 750W Corsair PSU. Running Windows 7 x64. All this is connected to the nefarious Digi 002 firewire audio interface for use with Pro Tools. I following mostly the specs posted by many other I7 users in the digidesign community who pooled their collective knowledge in this thread. Now after completing my build, I fell victim to the "UD5 squeal" described at that forum thread. So taking the advice posted, I disabled c1e advanced halt state and Intel speed stepping (I would likely have done this anyway to maintain a stable clock, power consumption isn't really a relevant concern on this machine.) I enabled XMP to set the ram timings properly as well. What I am experiencing is a BSOD upon shutdown, but only immediately after windows fully exits and ends all processes. The error is a MACHINE_CHECK_EXCEPTION 0x000000. The funny thing is that it is extremely intermitent and only occurs if the shutdown immediately followed a period of relative idleness. It does not a generate a minidump, I suspect because windows monitoring has terminated by the time this error occurs. No damage is evident and one can simply turn off manually and the system will act as though a proper shutdown had occurred. If anything it is a annoyance, I just want to be certain it is not affecting my long term stability. I have read that the i7 950 does not like DRAM voltages past 1.65, but that they are acceptable if they are within .5 of the BLCK setting. I have tried disabling XMP and setting all timings to auto and the problem still manifests in an identical way. It is suspect that the cpu idleness preceding shutdown is the determining factor, as both c1e and speedstepping are both settings intended to modify handling of this state. Any suggestions or prior experiences would be greatly appreciated. EDIT: The behavior very closely resembles what's described in this thread: http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/12003-63-shut-problem-windows The benign nature of it of is identical. I can't seem to download the hotfix cited there however.

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• How to force Debian to boot new Kernel?

  - by ThE_-_BliZZarD

  I'm running Debian 6, Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64 under Grub2 ( 1.98+20100804-14+squeeze1) on a remote system (no possibility to view the pre-boot messages). I compiled and installed a new kernel, but I can not get it to boot. What I have done: Installed the packages via: dpkg -i linux-headers-3.5.3.20120914-amd64_3.5.3.20120914-amd64-10.00.Custom_amd64.deb linux-image-3.5.3.20120914-amd64_3.5.3.20120914-amd64-10.00.Custom_amd64.deb This updated the Grub configuration. My /boot/grub/grub.cfg now contains: menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.5.3.20120914-amd64' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod raid insmod mdraid insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(md0)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 5a3882a9-c7df-4f6a-9feb-f03e3e37be01 echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.3.20120914-amd64 ...' linux /vmlinuz-3.5.3.20120914-amd64 root=UUID=003242b5-121b-49f3-b32f-1b40aea56eed ro acpi=ht quiet panic=10 echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /initrd.img-3.5.3.20120914-amd64 } menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod raid insmod mdraid insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(md0)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 5a3882a9-c7df-4f6a-9feb-f03e3e37be01 echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64 ...' linux /vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 root=UUID=003242b5-121b-49f3-b32f-1b40aea56eed ro acpi=ht quiet panic=10 echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /initrd.img-2.6.32-5-amd64 } I used grub-set-default "Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64" to set the old kernel as default and then grub-reboot "Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.5.3.20120914-amd64" to boot into the new kernel once. After update-grub I rebooted the system, but everytime it comes back up with the old kernel (2.6). I tried setting the new one as default (grub-set-default 0, update-grub, reboot) but, still the old one. The Syslogs contain NO hint whatsoever about trying to boot the new kernel - only the old one. Would there be any hints regarding problems with a kernel? Is there a way to enable debug-logging in grub? What am I doing wrong? How can I force the system to boot the new kernel? Edit: Hardware of remote machine. CPU cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : AuthenticAMD cpu family : 16 model : 5 model name : AMD Athlon(tm) II X4 605e Processor stepping : 3 cpu MHz : 2294.898 cache size : 512 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 4 core id : 0 cpu cores : 4 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 5 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm 3dnowext 3dnow constant_tsc rep_good nonstop_tsc extd_apicid pni monitor cx16 popcnt lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs skinit wdt bogomips : 4589.77 TLB size : 1024 4K pages clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: ts ttp tm stc 100mhzsteps hwpstate (copied only the first, 3 more follow) The server is a Fujitsu PRIMERGY MX130 S1.

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