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• How to estimate tasks in scrum?

  - by Arian

  Let's say we have a backlog of User Stories, each with an estimated number of Story Points, and now we're doing the Sprint Planning. Now, the Stories should be broken down into tasks and many Scrum resources suggest that each task should be estimated in person-hours. Since all questions have been discussed by the team at this point, estimating a task should not take longer than a minute. However, since a task should not be longer than a day, assuming a three week sprint with 8 developers means 120 tasks, and taking two hours only for estimations seems to be a bit much to me. I know that experienced teams can skip or short-cut task estimations, but let's say we're not at that stage yet. In your experience, how many tasks are there in a sprint* and how long should it take to estimate all of them? (Estimating only half of them doesn't make much sense, does it?) (*) I know that depends on sprint length and team size, so let's assume 8 developers and three weeks.

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• Tender vs. Requirements vs. Solution Design

  - by Tom Tom

  Conventionally, which of the above documents is deemed to hold the most weight when it comes to system acceptance? I recently had a conversation along these lines: It was argued that the initial requirements / tender documentation should be used to determine system acceptance. It was said that the solution design only serves to describe the way in which the system will solve the problem, not the problem it will solve. Furthermore, it was argued that if requirements are missed during solution design, the requirements should be referenced during system acceptance and that if any requirements were missed then the original tender should be referenced. Conversely, I suggested that - while requirements may be based on the original tender - they supersede it once agreed with the stakeholders. Furthermore, during solution design, analysis is performed to address and refine these initial requirements, translating them into a system capable of meeting the actual requirements. Once signed off by the relevant users, this solution design should absolutely represent the requirements (by virtue of the fact that it's designed upon them) but actually supersedes them as the basis for system acceptance. Is one of the above arguments more valid than the other?

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• Inspiring the method of teaching. Example- C++ :)

  - by Ashwin

  A year ago I graduated with a degree in Computer Science and Engineering. Considering C++ as the first choice of programming language I have been in the process of learning C++ in many ways. At first - five years back - I had many conceptions, most of which were so abstract to me. It started when I knew almost everything about Structs in C and nothing about Classes in C++. I went through a great time experimenting them all and learning a lot. I had a hard time evaluating Procedural programming vs Object-Oriented Programming. Deciding when to choose Procedural or Object-Oriented Programming took a great deal of patience for me. I knew that I cannot underestimate any of these Programming styles... Though Procedural programming is often a better choice than simple sequential unstructured programming, when solving problems with procedural programming, we usually divide one problem into several steps in order regarded as functions. Then we call these functions one by one to get the result of the problem. When solving problems with Object Oriented Priciples we divide one problem into several classes and form the interaction between them. Evaluating these two at the beginning (as a learner) required a lot of inspiration and thoughts. Instructing to think step by step. Relative concepts to understand deeply. Intensive interests to contrast both solving in both POP and OOP. If you were ever a mentor: What ideas/methods would you teach to students in which it will Inspire them to learn a programming language (in general, computer sciences)?

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• How to create a use case diagram for board game played on PC

  - by user970696

  I'm struggling with a task as I was given to practice UML and use cases. The problem is that I should model computer version of a board game so I am unsure about a few things. obviously it does not matter if you play against the PC or another player, the actions are the same. The game is simply like tic tac toe. E.g. Actor Player ---(Place a diamond)-----include----(Check for a row)---include--(Swap players) But the game is played on the PC, so is Check for row really a use case? And the same with Swap players? Because the system would do that. On the other hand, if it was not, how could I continue?

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• Associative array challenges, or examples?

  - by Aerovistae

  I understand well when and how to use an associative array, but I'm trying to teach a friend to program and I'm having some trouble with this particular concept. I need a good set of problems whose solutions are best implemented through the use of maps/hashes/associative arrays/dictionaries. I googled all over and couldn't find any. I was hoping someone might know of some, or perhaps get a community wiki sort of answer. That way I can say, here's our problem, and here's how we could effectively solve it through the use of an associative array... It's one of those cases where when I'm programming and I run into a situation that calls for a dictionary, I recognize it, but I can't seem to make up any such situations to use for a demonstration.

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• Building a Redundant / Distributed Application

  - by MattW

  This is more of a "point me in the right direction" question. My team of three and I have built a hosted web app that queues and routes customer chat requests to available customer service agents (It does other things as well, but this is enough background to illustrate the issue). The basic dev architecture today is: a single page ajax web UI (ASP.NET MVC) with floating chat windows (think Gmail) a backend Windows service to queue and route the chat requests this service also logs the chats, calculates service levels, etc a Comet server product that routes data between the web frontend and the backend Windows service this also helps us detect which Agents are still connected (online) And our hardware architecture today is: 2 servers to host the web UI portion of the application a load balancer to route requests to the 2 different web app servers a third server to host the SQL Server DB and the backend Windows service responsible for queuing / delivering chats So as it stands today, one of the web app servers could go down and we would be ok. However, if something would happen to the SQL Server / Windows Service server we would be boned. My question - how can I make this backend Windows service logic be able to be spread across multiple machines (distributed)? The Windows service is written to accept requests from the Comet server, check for available Agents, and route the chat to those agents. How can I make this more distributed? How can I make it so that I can distribute the work of the backend Windows service can be spread across multiple machines for redundancy and uptime purposes? Will I need to re-write it with distributed computing in mind? I should also note that I am hosting all of this on Rackspace Cloud instances - so maybe it is something I should be less concerned about? Thanks in advance for any help!

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• Go/Obj-C style interfaces with ability to extend compiled objects after initial release

  - by Skrylar

  I have a conceptual model for an object system which involves combining Go/Obj-C interfaces/protocols with being able to add virtual methods from any unit, not just the one which defines a class. The idea of this is to allow Ruby-ish open classes so you can take a minimalist approach to library development, and attach on small pieces of functionality as is actually needed by the whole program. Implementation of this involves a table of methods marked virtual in an RTTI table, which system functions are allowed to add to during module initialization. Upon typecasting an object to an interface, a Go-style lookup is done to create a vtable for that particular mapping and pass it off so you can have comparable performance to C/C++. In this case, methods may be added /afterwards/ which were not previously known and these new methods allow newer interfaces to be satisfied; while I like this idea because it seems like it would be very flexible (disregarding the potential for spaghetti code, which can happen with just about any model you use regardless). By wrapping the system calls for binding methods up in a set of clean C-compatible calls, one would also be able to integrate code with shared libraries and retain a decent amount of performance (Go does not do shared linking, and Objective-C does a dynamic lookup on each call.) Is there a valid use-case for this model that would make it worth the extra background plumbing? As much as this Dylan-style extensibility would be nice to have access to, I can't quite bring myself to a use case that would justify the overhead other than "it could make some kinds of code more extensible in future scenarios."

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• Pair programming and unit testing

  - by TheSilverBullet

  My team follows the Scrum development cycle. We have received feedback that our unit testing coverage is not very good. A team member is suggesting the addition of an external testing team to assist the core team, but I feel this will backfire in a bad way. I am thinking of suggesting pair programming approach. I have a feeling that this should help the code be more "test-worthy" and soon the team can move to test driven development! What are the potential problems that might arise out of pair programming??

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• Switch or a Dictionary when assigning to new object

  - by KChaloux

  Recently, I've come to prefer mapping 1-1 relationships using Dictionaries instead of Switch statements. I find it to be a little faster to write and easier to mentally process. Unfortunately, when mapping to a new instance of an object, I don't want to define it like this: var fooDict = new Dictionary<int, IBigObject>() { { 0, new Foo() }, // Creates an instance of Foo { 1, new Bar() }, // Creates an instance of Bar { 2, new Baz() } // Creates an instance of Baz } var quux = fooDict[0]; // quux references Foo Given that construct, I've wasted CPU cycles and memory creating 3 objects, doing whatever their constructors might contain, and only ended up using one of them. I also believe that mapping other objects to fooDict[0] in this case will cause them to reference the same thing, rather than creating a new instance of Foo as intended. A solution would be to use a lambda instead: var fooDict = new Dictionary<int, Func<IBigObject>>() { { 0, () => new Foo() }, // Returns a new instance of Foo when invoked { 1, () => new Bar() }, // Ditto Bar { 2, () => new Baz() } // Ditto Baz } var quux = fooDict[0](); // equivalent to saying 'var quux = new Foo();' Is this getting to a point where it's too confusing? It's easy to miss that () on the end. Or is mapping to a function/expression a fairly common practice? The alternative would be to use a switch: IBigObject quux; switch(someInt) { case 0: quux = new Foo(); break; case 1: quux = new Bar(); break; case 2: quux = new Baz(); break; } Which invocation is more acceptable? Dictionary, for faster lookups and fewer keywords (case and break) Switch: More commonly found in code, doesn't require the use of a Func< object for indirection.

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• can you have too many dto/bo - mapping method

  - by Fredou

  I have a windows service, 2 web services and a web interface that need to follow the same path (data wise). So I came up with two ways of creating my solution. My concern is the fact that the UI/WS/etc will have their own kind of DTO (let's say the model in ASP.Net MVC) that should be mapped to a DTO so the SL can then map it to a BO then mapping it to the proper EF6 DTO so that I can save it in a database. So I'm thinking of doing it this way to remove one level of mapping. Which one should I take? Or is there a 3rd solution?

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• Algorithm to infer tag hierarchy

  - by Tom

  I'm looking for an algorithm to infer a hierarchy from a set of tagged items. E.g. if the following items have the tags: 1 a 2 a,b 3 a,c 4 a,c,e 5 a,b 6 a,c 7 d 8 d,f Then I can construct an undirected graph (or graphs) by tallying the node weights and edge weights: node weights edge weights a 6 a-b 2 b 2 a-c 3 c 3 c-e 1 d 2 a-e 1 <-- this edge is parallel to a-c and c-e and not wanted e 1 d-f 1 f 1 The first problem is how to drop any redundant edges to get to the simplified graph? Note that it's only appropriate to remove that redundant a-e edge in this case because something is tagged as a-c-e, if that wasn't the case and the tag was a-e, that edge would have to remain. I suspect that means the removal of edges can only happen during the construction of the graph, not after everything has been tallied up. What I'd then like to do is identify the direction of the edges to create a directed graph (or graphs) and pick out root nodes to hopefully create a tree (or trees): trees a d // \\ | b c f \ e It seems like it could be a string algorithm - longest common subsequences/prefixes - or a tree/graph algorithm, but I am a little stuck since I don't know the correct terminology to search for it.

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• How to "back track"?

  - by esqew

  I find that I start projects and, due to my lack of experience, find that old database structures and huge blocks of code are inefficient and memory-costly. However, by the time I realize a re-design of the entire project is needed, the project has grown to such a size that it is simply too late to go back and modify the project in its current state and requires a completely new project file and the whole shebang. How should I prevent ruts such as this one, where it is too late to go back and modify the current project to fit specifications modified far down the road from the creation of the project? (Apologies in advance for confusing grammar, it's been a long day here... as you can probably tell.)

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• Software licensing template that gives room for restricting usage to certain industries/uses of software/source

  - by BSara

  *Why this question is not a duplicate of the questions specified as such: I did not ask if there was a license that restricted specific uses and I did not ask if I could rewrite every line of any open source project. I asked very specifically: "Does there exist X? If not, can I Y with Z?". As far as I can tell, the two questions that were specified as duplicates do not answer my specific question. Please remove the duplicate status placed on the question. I'm developing some software that I would like to be "semi" open source. I would like to allow for anyone to use my software/source unless they are using the software/source for certain purposes. For example, I don't want to allow usage of the software/source if it is being used to create, distribute, view or otherwise support pornography, illegal purposes, etc. I'm no lawyer and couldn't ever hope to write a license myself nor do I have to time to figure how to best do this. My question is this: Does there exist a freely available license or a template for a license that I can use to license my software under they conditions explained above just like one can use the Creative Commons licenses? If not, am I allowed to just alter one of Creative Commons licenses to meet my needs?

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• Area of testing

  - by ?????? ??????????

  I'm trying to understand which part of my code I should to test. I have some code. Below is example of this code, just to understand the idea. Depends of some parametrs I put one or another currency to "Event" and return his serialization in the controller. Which part of code I should to test? Just the final serialization, or only "Event" or every method: getJson, getRows, fillCurrency, setCurrency? class Controller { public function getJson() { $rows = $eventManager->getRows(); return new JsonResponse($rows); } } class EventManager { public function getRows() { //some code here if ($parameter == true) { $this->fillCurrency($event, $currency); } } public function fillCurrency($event, $currency) { //some code here if ($parameters == true) { $event->setCurrency($currency); } } } class Event { public function setCurrency($currency) { $this->updatedAt = new Datetime(); $this->currency = $currency; } }

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• Language Niches and Niche Libraries

  - by Roman A. Taycher

  "Everyone Knows" ... ... that c is widely used for low level programs in large part because operating system/device apis are usually in c. ... that Java is widely used for enterprise applications in large part because of enterprise libraries and ide support. ... that ruby is widely used for webapps thanks in large part because of rails and its library ecosytem But lets go into to details what are the specific niches and subniches. Especially with respect to libraries. Where might you embed lua for application scripting versus python. Where would you use Java vs C#. Which languages do different scientists use? Also which languages have libraries for these subniches? Things like bioperl/scipy/Incanter. Please no flamewars about how nice each language or environment is. This is where they used. Also no complaints about marketing/PHBs. (Manually migrated) I asked this question again after it was closed on stackoverflow.com

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• Text comparison algorithm using java-diff-utils

  - by java_mouse

  One of the features in our project is to implement a comparison algorithm between two versions of text and provide a % change between the two versions. While I was researching, I came across google java-diff-utils project. Has anyone used this for comparing text using java-diff-utils ? Using this utility, I can get a list of "delta" which I assume I can use it for the % of difference between two versions of the text? Is this a correct way of doing this? If you have done any text comparison algorithm using Java, could you give me some pointers?

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• Should I start MCPD training now or wait for new exams?

  - by lunchmeat317

  i apologize if this question has been asked before, or if this is the wrong place to put it. I'm beginning my study track for the MCPD certification in Web Development. However, Microsoft plans to retire this certification on July 31st of 2013, along with two of the necessary tests to receive the certification. On MS's site, I can't find a newer certification path to take - I imagine that Microsoft will release new certification paths and new tests for their new software, but I don't know when that will happen. I don't really know anything about Microsoft's process, as this is the first Microsoft certification I'll be studying for. The bottom line is this - I don't want to lose six months waiting for a new test to appear that won't expire, but I don't want to rush to get a certification that will be invalid in six months (or have to reset any progress due to new study material). To those with experience in affairs like this - what is the best course to take, and can I maximize the time I have now (not wait for new testing material)? Is there any way to find material for the new tests that Microsoft will be rolling out? Thank you for your patience. If this is the wrong place to put this question, I would like to request that it be moved to the correct StackExchange site instead of being closed. Thanks for your help!

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• Motivation and use of move constructors in C++

  - by Giorgio

  I recently have been reading about move constructors in C++ (see e.g. here) and I am trying to understand how they work and when I should use them. As far as I understand, a move constructor is used to alleviate the performance problems caused by copying large objects. The wikipedia page says: "A chronic performance problem with C++03 is the costly and unnecessary deep copies that can happen implicitly when objects are passed by value." I normally address such situations by passing the objects by reference, or by using smart pointers (e.g. boost::shared_ptr) to pass around the object (the smart pointers get copied instead of the object). What are the situations in which the above two techniques are not sufficient and using a move constructor is more convenient?

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• Getting into C# and MVC4 coming from Javascript

  - by Stefan V.

  Let me know if this is the wrong place to ask this but, I am trying to get into a backend/server language coming from a front-end javascript background (vanilla, angular, jQuery and a bit of node and mongodb, also some experience with PHP and MySQL). Why C#? My company's entire server-side is MVC4. Occasionally, I am going through commits of the backend guys and have asked them all sorts of questions. A lot of what I have heard and seen just seems appealing. Anyway, I'd rather start with C# first and gradually adopt .NET MVC. Does anybody advice, tips, recommended books, etc for somebody trying to learn C# coming from a JS background?

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• Why using the word "mechanism" in CS?

  - by Nick Rosencrantz

  I'm not sure about the usage of the word "mechanism" when in fact most of the time what is meant is an algorithm. For instance there's talk about Java's "thread-scheduling mechanism" - why not call it an algorithm and why borrow a term from mechanics where relations sometimes are the opposites than of computer science? I'm aware that an algorithm is considered a "mechanical solution" but is this really the case in fact when a lot of algorithm don't have mechanical representations for instance a file-sharing network that gets quicker and faster as the usage grows, that would be the reverse of a mechanical structure that would go slower when usage grows.

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• Planning milestones and time

  - by Ignas

  I was hired by a marketing company a year ago initially for link building / SEO stuff, but I'm actually a Web developer and took the job just in desperation to have one (I'm still quite young and just finished 2nd year of University). From the 3rd day my boss realised that I'm not into that stuff at all and since he had an idea of a web based app we started to plan it. I estimated that it shouldn't take me longer than two months to do it, but as I was making it we soon realised that we want to add more and more stuff to make it even better. So the development on my own lasted for about 4 months, but then it became an enterprise size app and we hired another programmer to work along me. The guy was awesome at what he did, but because I was assigned to be programmer/project manager I had to set up milestones with deadlines and we missed most of them, because most of the time it was too much work, and my lack of experience kept me setting really optimistic deadlines. We still kept adding features and had changed the architecture of the application twice. My boss is a great guy and he gets that when we add features it expands the time frame in which things should be done so he wasn't angry at me nor the other guy. But I was feeling bad (I still am) that I suck at planning. I gained loads of experience from the programming side, but I still lack the management/planning skills which make me go nuts. So over the last year I have dedicated probably about 8 months of work to this app (obviously my studies affected it) and we're launching as a closed beta this month. So my question is how do I get better at planning/managing a project, how do you estimate the times? What do you take into consideration when setting goals. I'm working alone again because the other guy moved from the city. But I'm sure we'll be hiring to help me maintain it so I need to get better at it. Any hints, points or anything on the topic are appreciated.

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• 0.00006103515625 GB of RAM. Is .NET MicroFramework part of Windows CE?

  - by Rocket Surgeon

  The .NET MicroFramework claims to work on 64K RAM and has list of compatible targets vendors. At the same time, same vendors who ship hardware and create Board Support Packages (vendors like Adeneo) keep releasing something named Windows 7 CE BSP for the same hardware targets. Obviously the OS as heavy as WinCE needs more than 64K RAM. So, somehow .NET MicroFramework is relevant to WinCE, but how ? Is it part of bigger OS or is it base of it, or are both mutually exclusive ? Background: 0.00006103515625 GByte of RAM is same as 64Kbyte of RAM. I am looking for possiblity to use Microsoft development tools for small target like BeagleBone. http://www.adeneo-embedded.com/About-Us/News/Release-of-TI-BeagleBone Nice. Now .. where is a MicroFramework for the same beaglebone ? Is it inside the released pile ?

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• What triggered the popularity of lambda functions in modern programming languages?

  - by Giorgio

  In the last few years anonymous functions (AKA lambda functions) have become a very popular language construct and almost every major / mainstream programming language has introduced them or is planned to introduce them in an upcoming revision of the standard. Yet, anonymous functions are a very old and very well-known concept in Mathematics and Computer Science (invented by the mathematician Alonzo Church around 1936, and used by the Lisp programming language since 1958, see e.g. here). So why didn't today's mainstream programming languages (many of which originated 15 to 20 years ago) support lambda functions from the very beginning and only introduced them later? And what triggered the massive adoption of anonymous functions in the last few years? Is there some specific event, new requirement or programming technique that started this phenomenon?

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• How useful are Lisp macros?

  - by compman

  Common Lisp allows you to write macros that do whatever source transformation you want. Scheme gives you a hygienic pattern-matching system that lets you perform transformations as well. How useful are macros in practice? Paul Graham said in Beating the Averages that: The source code of the Viaweb editor was probably about 20-25% macros. What sorts of things do people actually end up doing with macros?

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• What features of old computers helped you learn to be a better programmer?

  - by David Cary

  What features of old computers helped you learn to be a better programmer -- but don't seem to be available on new computers? I imagine that, while educational, you are really glad some features are gone, such as programs ran so slowly that I could almost see each pixel being plotted, so I got a visceral feel for the effect of various optimizations. I imagine other features you may be a little nostalgic for, such as I could turn on the computer, and write a short program that printed "Hello, World" on the printer, before ever "booting" a "disk". (I'm hoping that this is constructive enough to avoid the fate of the " What have we lost from computers 20 years ago ?" question).

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