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• Website Ethics / legal issues, image copyrights

  - by RailsN00b

  Ignoring the technical implementation of a website for a second, assume a website that is similar to twitter but with pictures. A user say something and puts a picture of whatever they said. As the nature of the internet, the images will most likely not be his/hers image. There are 2 options that I see for dealing with this: 1. The user will post a URL of the picture and the website will pull the picture from that URL everytime someone enters that page 2. The website will save the image in its own database of images and display the image to the visitors 'locally' The problem with option #1, while it saved storage, I see an issue with 'stealing' other websites bandwidth and if my website has many many visitors it could cost the image-hosting websites a lot and possible even crash it if the server can't handle the load. The problem with opion #2, while it saves the load to other websites, it practically takes pictures that could have copyright on them. Which option is better to implement in terms of legal issues and ethics? When do I need to contact another website to request permission to use the images from that site? Does anyone really care about that anymore. Where can I read about this?

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• KISS principle applied to programming language design?

  - by Giorgio

  KISS ("keep it simple stupid", see e.g. here) is an important principle in software development, even though it apparently originated in engineering. Citing from the wikipedia article: The principle is best exemplified by the story of Johnson handing a team of design engineers a handful of tools, with the challenge that the jet aircraft they were designing must be repairable by an average mechanic in the field under combat conditions with only these tools. Hence, the 'stupid' refers to the relationship between the way things break and the sophistication available to fix them. If I wanted to apply this to the field of software development I would replace "jet aircraft" with "piece of software", "average mechanic" with "average developer" and "under combat conditions" with "under the expected software development / maintenance conditions" (deadlines, time constraints, meetings / interruptions, available tools, and so on). So it is a commonly accepted idea that one should try to keep a piece of software simple stupid so that it easy to work on it later. But can the KISS principle be applied also to programming language design? Do you know of any programming languages that have been designed specifically with this principle in mind, i.e. to "allow an average programmer under average working conditions to write and maintain as much code as possible with the least cognitive effort"? If you cite any specific language it would be great if you could add a link to some document in which this intent is clearly expressed by the language designers. In any case, I would be interested to learn about the designers' (documented) intentions rather than your personal opinion about a particular programming language.

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• PHP and performance

  - by Naif

  I always hear that PHP is for medium and small websites whereas .NET and Java for enterprise applications. My question is about PHP. Why is PHP not a good option for enterprise web applications? Is it because if the web application becomes bigger then PHP will be slower as it is an interpreted language? I know that corporate world will choose .NET or J2EE because of the integration with their products and because of back end services, etc. However, if we just have PHP for building sites and web applications then how can we use it to perform well with big sites? In short, Is there a relationship between the performance of PHP and the size of the website? What are the factors that make PHP not appropriate option for big sites?

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• Why use string.Empty over "" when assigning to a string object

  - by dreza

  I've been running StyleCop over my code and one of the recommendations SA1122 is to use string.Empty rather than "" when assigning an empty string to a value. My question is why is this considered best practice. Or, is this considered best practice? I assume there is no compiler difference between the two statements so I can only think that it's a readability thing? UPDATE: Thanks for the answers but it's been kindly pointed out this question has been asked many times already on SO, which in hind-sight I should have considered and searched first before asking here. Some of these especially forward links makes for interesting reading. SO question and answer Jon Skeet answer to question

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• What is the difference between debugging and testing?

  - by persepolis

  Introduction To Software Testing (Ammann & Offutt) mentions on p.32 a 5-level testing maturity model: Level 0 There’s no difference between testing and debugging. Level 1 The purpose of testing is to show that the software works. Level 2 The purpose of testing is to show that the software doesn’t work. Level 3 The purpose of testing is not to prove anything specific, but to reduce the risk of using the software. Level 4 Testing is a mental discipline that helps all IT professionals develop higher quality software. Although they don't go into much further detail. What are the differences between debugging and testing?

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• How to structure a set of RESTful URLs

  - by meetamit

  Kind of a REST lightweight here... Wondering which url scheme is more appropriate for a stock market data app (BTW, all queries will be GETs as the client doesn't modify data): Scheme 1 examples: /stocks/ABC/news /indexes/XYZ/news /stocks/ABC/time_series/daily /stocks/ABC/time_series/weekly /groups/ABC/time_series/daily /groups/ABC/time_series/weekly Scheme 2 examples: /news/stock/ABC /news/index/XYZ /time_series/stock/ABC/daily /time_series/stock/ABC/weekly /time_series/index/XYZ/daily /time_series/index/XYZ/weekly Scheme 3 examples: /news/stock/ABC /news/index/XYZ /time_series/daily/stock/ABC /time_series/weekly/stock/ABC /time_series/daily/index/XYZ /time_series/weekly/index/XYZ Scheme 4: Something else??? The point is that for any data being requested, the url needs to encapsulate whether an item is a Stock or an Index. And, with all the RESTful talk about resources I'm confused about whether my primary resource is the stock & index or the time_series & news. Sorry if this is a silly question :/ Thanks!

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• Is there a difference between "self-plagiarizing" in programming vs doing so as a writer?

  - by makerofthings7

  I read this Gawker article about how a writer reused some of his older material for new assignments for different magazines. Is there any similar ethical (societal?) dilemma when doing the same thing in the realm of Programming? Does reusing a shared library you've accumulated over the years amount to self-plagarizm? What I'm getting at is that it seems that the creative world of software development isn't as stringent regarding self-plagarism as say journalism or blogging. In fact on one of my interviews at GS I was asked what kind of libraries I've developed over the years, implying that me getting the job would entail co-licensing helpful portions of code to that company. Are there any cases where although it's legal to self-plagarize, it would be frowned upon in the software world?

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• "UML is the worst thing to ever happen to MDD." Why?

  - by Florents

  William Cook in a tweet wrote that: "UML is the worst thing to ever happen to MDD. Fortunately many people now realize this ..." I would like to know the reasoning behind that claim (apparently, I'm not referring to his personal opinion). I've noticed that many people out there don't like UML that much. Also it is worth mentioning that he is in academia, where UML is preety much the holy grail of effective design and modelling.

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• iOS: Versioned static frameworks vs Git Submodules and included code

  - by drekka

  For the last couple of years I've been building static frameworks of common APIs for my iOS projects. I can build a universal binary containing all the architectures (i386, armv6, armv7) and wrap it up in a .framework directory structure. I then stored this in a directory based on the version of the framework. For example ..../myAPI/v0.1.0/myAPI.framework Once I have this framework I can then easily add it to a project and if I want to advance the version, merely change the framework search paths to the later version. This works, but the approach is very similar to what I would use in the Java world. Recently I've been reading about using Git submodules and static framework sub projects in XCode 4. Im wondering if my currently approach is something that I should consider retiring and what the pros/cons are of the new approach. I'm weary of just including code because I've already had issues in a work project which had (effectively) multiple versions of a third party API. Any opinions?

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• How should I host our scalable worker processes?

  - by Pieter Breed

  We are designing a new architecture for an enterprise business. The principles we've followed so far is not to develop what you can (possible buy and) deploy, ie, don't reinvent any wheels. In this way we've decided on CQRS, RabbitMQ, Riak and a bunch of other things. We still need to write /some/ business code though and these will be in the form of worker processes, which will consume commands from a message queue and after any side-effects, produce events onto another message queue. The idea behind this is that via the competing-consumers design we will have a scalable design right out of the box. One option is of writing a management infrastructure that will know how to: deploy code instantiate processes kill processes update configuration etc IE provide fault tolerance and scalability. Also, this is exactly what something like GAE and Heroku does for you, but in a public setting and in our organization, public is bad. My question is, is there an out-of-the-box solution that we can use to host our consumers in? Like a private cloud or private platform-as-a-service. Private Heroku or GAE. Is there some kind of software or software product with which we can do all of these things and thereby get scalability and fault tolerance over our consumers?

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• How to discriminate from two nodes with identical frequencies in a Huffman's tree?

  - by Omega

  Still on my quest to compress/decompress files with a Java implementation of Huffman's coding (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huffman_coding) for a school assignment. From the Wikipedia page, I quote: Create a leaf node for each symbol and add it to the priority queue. While there is more than one node in the queue: Remove the two nodes of highest priority (lowest probability) from the queue Create a new internal node with these two nodes as children and with probability equal to the sum of the two nodes' probabilities. Add the new node to the queue. The remaining node is the root node and the tree is complete. Now, emphasis: Remove the two nodes of highest priority (lowest probability) from the queue Create a new internal node with these two nodes as children and with probability equal to the sum of the two nodes' probabilities. So I have to take two nodes with the lowest frequency. What if there are multiple nodes with the same low frequency? How do I discriminate which one to use? The reason I ask this is because Wikipedia has this image: And I wanted to see if my Huffman's tree was the same. I created a file with the following content: aaaaeeee nnttmmiihhssfffouxprl And this was the result: Doesn't look so bad. But there clearly are some differences when multiple nodes have the same frequency. My questions are the following: What is Wikipedia's image doing to discriminate the nodes with the same frequency? Is my tree wrong? (Is Wikipedia's image method the one and only answer?) I guess there is one specific and strict way to do this, because for our school assignment, files that have been compressed by my program should be able to be decompressed by other classmate's programs - so there must be a "standard" or "unique" way to do it. But I'm a bit lost with that. My code is rather straightforward. It literally just follows Wikipedia's listed steps. The way my code extracts the two nodes with the lowest frequency from the queue is to iterate all nodes and if the current node has a lower frequency than any of the two "smallest" known nodes so far, then it replaces the highest one. Just like that.

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• empirical studies about the benefit of q&a sites on programming [on hold]

  - by nico1510

  I'm looking for empirical papers which investigate if a user can benefit from q&a sites like Stack Overflow. I welcome any papers related to this topic e.g: an experiment, investigating if a specific task can be executed faster, an analysis, investigating if a user understands the solutions on q&a sites or if he just does copy&paste without thinking about it, a comparative analysis of the code quality of users with access to q&a sites in contrast to users without internet access (but just offline documentation of APIs)

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• Is Cygwin or Windows Command Prompt preferable for getting a consistent terminal experience for development?

  - by Paul Hazen

  The question: Which is better, installing cygwin or one of its cousins on all my windows machines to have a consistent terminal experience across all my development machines, or becoming well trained in the skill of mentally switching from linux terminal to windows command prompt? Systems I use: OSX Lion on a Macbook Air Windows 8 on a desktop Windows 7 on the same desktop Fedora 16 on the same desktop What I'm trying to accomplish Configure an entirely consistent (or consistent enough) terminal experience across all my machines. "enough" in this context is clearly subjective. Please be clear in your answer why the configuration you suggest is consistent enough. One more thing to keep in mind: While I do write a lot of code intended to run on Windows (actually code that runs on Windows Phone which necessitates a windows machine), I also write a lot of Java code, and prefer to do so in vim. I test a local repo in Java on my windows machine, and push to another test machine running ubuntu later in the development stage. When I push to the ubuntu machine, I'm exclusively in terminal, since I'm accessing it via SSH. Summary, with more accurate question: Is there a good way to accomplish what I'm trying to do, or is it better to get accustomed to remembering different commands based on the system I'm on? Which (if either) is considered "best practice" by the development community? Alternatively, for a consistent development experience, would it be better to write all my code SSHed into another machine, and move things to windows for compile / build only when I needed to? That seems like too much work... but could be a solution. Update: While there are insightful responses below, I have yet to hear an answer that talks about why any given solution is superior. Cygwin/GnuWin32 is certainly a way to accomplish a similar experience on all platforms, but since I'm just learning all things command line, I don't want to set myself up to do a lot of relearning/unlearning in the future. Cygwin/GnuWin32 has its peculiarities I would imagine, and being aware of how that set up works on Windows is a learning curve. Additionally, using Cygwin/GnuWin32 robs me of learning the benefits of PowerShell. As a newcomer to working in a command line, which path should I choose to minimize having to relearn/unlearn things in the future? or as my first paragraph poses: [is it better to use Cygwin] ...or [become] well trained in the skill of mentally switching from linux terminal to windows command prompt?

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• Does C# give you "less rope to hang yourself" than C++?

  - by user115232

  Joel Spolsky characterized C++ as "enough rope to hang yourself". Actually, he was summarizing "Effective C++" by Scott Meyers: It's a book that basically says, C++ is enough rope to hang yourself, and then a couple of extra miles of rope, and then a couple of suicide pills that are disguised as M&Ms... I don't have a copy of the book, but there are indications that much of the book relates to pitfalls of managing memory which seem like would be rendered moot in C# because the runtime manages those issues for you. Here are my questions: Does C# avoid pitfalls that are avoided in C++ only by careful programming? If so, to what degree and how are they avoided? Are there new, different pitfalls in C# that a new C# programmer should be aware of? If so, why couldn't they be avoided by the design of C#?

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• Are high office partitions as effective as private offices?

  - by CraigS

  I'm currently reading DeMarco and Lister's Peopleware, and I've been struck (as everyone is) by their comments about noise reduction via using private offices, and the effect this has on productivity. Private offices are probably not going to happen at my workplace, but I'm wondering if high cubicle partitions (say, 6 feet) might be nearly as good? I imagine they wouldn't deflect quite as much noise, but they would have some effect. One down-side is that the center cubicles would have less natural light. That seems quite a big downer to me. I'd be interested to hear what peoples experiences are.

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• What should I do to scale out an high-traffic website?

  - by makerofthings7

  What Best Practices should be undertaken for a Website that needs to "scale out" to handle capacity? This is especially relevant now that people are considering the cloud, but may be missing out on the fundamentals. I'm interested in hearing about anything you consider a best practice from development-level tasks, to infrastructure, to management. Use your best judgement when posting multiple answers, since it may make sense to post them separately for voting purposes. (hint: you'll likely get more reputation points for many small answers than one large answer)

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• Logistics of code reuse (OOP)

  - by Ominus

  One of the driving points behind OOP is code reuse. I am curious about the actual logistics of this and how others both in team or solo handle it. For example lets say you have 5 projects you have worked on and between them you have a ton of classes that you think would be useful in other projects. How do you store them? Are they just in the normal project repository or do you break out the relevant classes and have them (as now copies) in another unique source repository that only houses code pieces that are intended to be reused? How do you go about finding or even knowing that there is a good piece of code out there that you should reuse? It's easier if your solo because you remember that you have coded something similar but even then it becomes kind of a stretch. If there is some way that you are storing these pieces of code do you then also have them indexed and searchable by tag or something. I fear that it just boils down to some tribal knowledge that you just know that for situation A i need solution B and we have a good piece of code that already can help here. A bit verbose but I hope you get what I am aiming at. If you think of a better way to make the question clearer please have at it :) TIA!

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• Memory Management/Embedded Management in C

  - by Sauron

  Im wondering if there is a set or a few good books/Tutorials/Etc.. that go into Memory Management/Allocation Specifically (or at least have a good dedicated section to it) when it comes to C. This is more for me learning Embedded and trying to keep Size down. I've read and Learned C fine, and the "standard" Learning books. However most of the books don't spend a huge amount of time (Understandably since C is pretty huge in general) going into the Finer details about whats going on Down Under. I saw a few on Amazon: http://www.amazon.com/C-Pointers-Dynamic-Memory-Management/dp/0471561525 http://www.amazon.com/Understanding-Pointers-C-Yashavant-Kanetkar/dp/8176563587/ref=pd_sim_b_1 (Not sure how relevant this would be) A specific Book for Embedded that has to do with this would be nice. But Code Samples or...Heck tutorials or anything about this topic would be helpful!

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• Extracting main article from webpage/feed. Is it legal/ethical?

  - by Mahdi Ghiasi

  There are some applications like Readability and Pocket, which are letting users to read the main content of web pages, in a clean interface or such. But the articles should be bookmarked from another application, or the web browser. However, I'm creating a news reader app (Zite and Flipboard are popular news reader apps), and I want to create a clean experience for users, so I want to show full content of articles inside my application. Some websites have fulltext feeds, and I'm using it. But about some other websites, which don't have full text feeds: I want to know, is it legal/ethical to use for example Readability API (Or maybe writing my own code for this) to show full text of articles inside my application?

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• Are there well-known examples of web products that were killed by slow service?

  - by Jeremy Wadhams

  It's a basic tenet of UX design that users prefer fast pages. http://www.useit.com/alertbox/response-times.html http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/01/technology/impatient-web-users-flee-slow-loading-sites.html?pagewanted=all It's supposedly even baked into Google's ranking algorithm now: fast sites rank higher, all else being equal. But are there well known examples of web services where the popular narrative is "it was great, but it was so slow people took their money elsewhere"? I can pretty easily think of example problems with scale (Twitter's fail whale) or reliability (Netflix and Pinterest outages caused by a single datacenter in a storm). But can (lack of) speed really kill?

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• How is software used in critical life-or-death systems tested?

  - by waiwai933

  An airplane, as opposed to, for example, a website, is a system where any failure in certain systems is completely unacceptable, since errors in e.g. flight monitoring can cause the autopilot to malfunction and do a dive. Obviously, this doesn't happen since the brilliant engineers at Boeing and Airbus have checks in the autopilot to make sure it doesn't suddenly decide a dive is a perfectly acceptable and safe maneuver. Or perhaps the computer crashes, and the pilots in the newer fly-by-wire aircraft can no longer actually fly the plane. Of course, there are various safety procedures and redundancies built into these systems to prevent a crash (of both the software and the aircraft). However, on the other hand, it's quite obvious that software isn't perfect—both open source and closed source software do crash regularly, and only the simplest "Hello World" program doesn't fail. How can the engineers who design the software systems in the aeronautic, medical, and other life-or-death industries manage to test their software so that it doesn't fail (and if it does fail, at least fail gracefully)? I'm desperately hoping that you're not all going to go: "Oh, I work for Boeing/Airbus/(some other company) and it's not! Have fun on your next flight/hospital visit."

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• C: What is a good source to teach standard/basic code conventions to someone newly learning the language ?

  - by shan23

  I'm tutoring someone who can be described as a rank newcomer in C. Understandably, she does not know much about coding conventions generally practiced, and hence all her programs tend to use single letter vars, mismatched spacing/indentation and the like, making it very difficult to read/debug her endeavors. My question is, is there a link/set of guidelines and examples which she can use for adopting basic code conventions ? It should not be too arcane as to scare her off, yet inclusive enough to have the basics covered (so that no one woulc wince looking at the code). Any suggestions ?

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• API design and versioning using EJB

  - by broschb

  I have an API that is EJB based (i.e. there are remote interfaces defined) that most of the clients use. As the client base grows there are issues with updates to the API and forcing clients to have to update to the latest version and interface definition. I would like to possibly look at having a couple versions of the API deployed at a time (i.e. have multiple EAR files deployed with different versions of the API) to support not forcing the clients to update as frequently. I am not concerned about the actual deployment of this, but instead am looking for thoughts and experiences that others have on using EJB's as an API client. How do you support updating versions, are clients required to update? Does anyone run multiple versions in a production environment? Are there pro's cons? Any other experiences or thoughts on this approach, and having an EJB centric API?

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• Why should I adopt MVC?

  - by Andrew

  I decided to get my hands wet and got the YII framework for PHP. I created my first application, then created new controller, model and view. Connected to database, got my record passed from controller to the view and printed the hello world. I am confused now. If I have to do the same thing for each page, this seems like a nightmare to me. In each controller I have to do a lot of same operations - declare variables, and pass them to views. I also need to create models for each page and this is all confusing to me. In my idea the main goal of development is to avoid duplication, but what I see here is lots and lots of duplicated code. Please advise and clarify. Maybe you could suggest a good reading about MVC and coding patterns and best practices in MVC. Because so far, it takes much more time to create a small site using MVC than using my own programming schema.

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• Which one scales better asp or php?

  - by Marin

  Let's say the website is doing fine(forums,pictures,ajax). And it needs scaling up/scaling out. I feel more comfortable with php but I have worked with asp.net as well. Would you say asp.net is much more powerful, more robust and thus easier to scale out? What would be the pros and cons of converting the website to asp.net in regards to scalability and performance versus keeping the website written in PHP? Examples of personal experience in making such a conversion would be a plus. Thank you.

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