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• Failed to start up after upgrading software

  - by Landy

  I asked this question in SuperUser one hour ago, then I know this community so I moved the question here... I've been running Ubuntu 10.10 in a physical x86-64 machine. Today Update Manager reminded me that there are some updates to install and I confirmed the action. I should had read the update list but I didn't. I can only remember there is an update about cups. After the upgrading, Update Manager requires a restart and I confirmed too. But after the restart, the computer can't start up. There are errors in the console. Begin: Running /scripts/init-premount ... done. Begin: Mounting root file system ... Begin: Running /scripts/local-top ... done. [xxx]usb 1-8: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 3 [xxx]usb 2-1: new full speed USB device using ohci_hcd and address 2 [xxx]hub 2-1:1.0: USB hub found [xxx]hub 2-1:1.0: 4 ports detected [xxx]usb 2-1.1: new low speed USB device using ohci_hcd and address 3 Gave up waiting for root device. Common probles: - Boot args (cat /proc/cmdline) - Check rootdelay=(did the system wait long enough) - Check root= (did the system wait for the right device?) - Missing modules (cat /proc/modules; ls /dev) FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.35-22-generic/modules.dep: No such file or directory FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.35-22-generic/modules.dep: No such file or directory ALERT! /dev/sda1 does not exist. Dropping to a shell! BusyBox v1.15.3 (Ubuntu 1:1.15.3-1ubuntu5) built-in shell(ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands. (initramfs)[cursor is here] At the moment, I can't input anything in the console. The keyboard doesn't work at all. What's wrong? How can I check boot args or "root=" as suggested? How can I fix this issue? Thanks. =============== PS1: the /dev/sda1 is type ext4 (rw,nosuid,nodev) PS2: the /dev/sda1 can be mounted and accessed successfully under SUSE 11 SP1 x64. PS3: From this link, I think the keyboard doesn't work because the USB driver is not loaded at that time.

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• Issues with LVM partition size in Server 13.04

  - by Michael

  I am new to ubuntu and a little confused about how hard drive partitions and LVM works. I remember setting up Ubuntu server 13.04 and telling to to use 1TB of a 3TB server. Well I have maxed that out with blu-ray rips and want the rest of the drive for space. On log-in it says: System load: 2.24 Processes: 179 Usage of /: 88.7% of 912.89GB Users logged in: 0 Memory usage: 6% IP address for p5p1: 192.168.0.100 Swap usage: 0% => / is using 88.7% of 912.89GB lvdisplay outputs: --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/DeathStar-vg/root LV Name root VG Name DeathStar-vg LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time DeathStar, 2013-05-18 22:21:11 -0400 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 2.70 TiB Current LE 707789 Segments 2 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 252:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/DeathStar-vg/swap_1 LV Name swap_1 VG Name DeathStar-vg LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time DeathStar, 2013-05-18 22:21:11 -0400 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 3.75 GiB Current LE 959 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 252:1 vgdisplay outputs: VG Name DeathStar-vg System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 2.73 TiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 715335 Alloc PE / Size 708748 / 2.70 TiB Free PE / Size 6587 / 25.73 GiB df outputs: Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/DeathStar--vg-root 957238932 848972636 59634696 94% / none 4 0 4 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 1864716 4 1864712 1% /dev tmpfs 374968 1060 373908 1% /run none 5120 4 5116 1% /run/lock none 1874824 148 1874676 1% /run/shm none 102400 24 102376 1% /run/user /dev/sda2 234153 56477 165184 26% /boot And fdisk /dev/sda -l outputs: Disk /dev/sda: 3000.6 GB, 3000592982016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364801 cylinders, total 5860533168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 4294967295 2147483647+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. I just don't know what to make of all this and am not sure how I can make it use all 2.73TBs. Thanks in advance for any help. EDIT-- Yes I did make changes to the LVM Config, but it didnt do anything. As requested, output of parted -l /dev/sda Model: ATA WDC WD30EFRX-68A (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 3001GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 2097kB 1049kB bios_grub 2 2097kB 258MB 256MB ext2 3 258MB 3001GB 3000GB lvm Model: ATA WDC WD30EFRX-68A (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 3001GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/DeathStar--vg-swap_1: 4022MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: loop Number Start End Size File system Flags 1 0.00B 4022MB 4022MB linux-swap(v1) Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/DeathStar--vg-root: 2969GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: loop Number Start End Size File system Flags 1 0.00B 2969GB 2969GB ext4

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• I need help installing Ubuntu 11.10 to multi-drive system

  - by CookyMonzta

  I have a machine with 3 hard drives; the primary, which is 750GB (drive 0), and 2 others, each of which is 640GB (drives 1 and 2). On the last screen before the actual installation begins, this is how my hard drive configuration looks: /dev/sda [DISK0, 750GB] /dev/sda1 ntfs 104MB [Win7 System Reserved] /dev/sda2 ntfs 499,997MB [Windows 7 Pro] free space 250,052MB [This space intended for Windows 8] /dev/sdb [DISK1, 640GB] /dev/sdb1 ntfs 400,085MB [Windows XP Pro] free space 240,049MB [This space intended for Ubuntu] /dev/sdc [DISK2, 640GB] [This drive intended for various backups] free space 160,033MB /dev/sdc5 ntfs 480,101MB [Acronis Secure Zone] As you can see, I have 3 drives, all SATA. I have Win7 on my first drive (0), WinXP on my second drive (1) and a secure zone for daily backups on my third drive (2). I want to put Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot on the drive that also has XP. I've already used 400GB for XP and I have 240GB remaining, for which, my intention was to create a 4GB swap file and use the rest for Ubuntu itself. This is what my second hard drive looked like, for my intended setup before installation: /dev/sdb /dev/sdb5 swap 4,095MB [Linux swap] /dev/sdb6 ext4 235,951MB [Ubuntu 11.10] Needless to say, this is only the second time I have attempted to install Linux. I managed to get 7.10 Gutsy Gibbon working on an old machine. I have two problems with this installation: Ubuntu asks for a location to install the boot loader (i.e., "Device for Boot Loader Installation"). I already have a boot loader; namely, Acronis OS Selector (from Acronis Disk Director 11). So I decided to put the Ubuntu boot loader in /dev/sdb6 (where I intend to install Ubuntu), to keep it from interfering with my Acronis OS Selector. Once I hit "Install now", I ended up with the following error: "No root file system is defined. Please correct this from the partitioning menu." What am I missing? Did I attempt to put the boot loader in the wrong place? I assume I did, because as I am writing this entry, I am looking at LinuxIdentity.com's Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal magazine, and I see a screenshot (Figure 7 on Page 13) that implies that the boot loader can be installed anywhere, including the first hard drive (in the MBR, which would obviously force me to reinstall the Acronis OS Selector) or even on a floppy. But why do I get an undefined root file system error? I thought /dev/sdb6 was the root file. Obviously I'm missing something in the installation procedure. Should I try installing it in Windows using the WUBI Installer? I assume that, if I attempt to install Ubuntu from WinXP (on the second drive), it will automatically install Ubuntu on the empty partition alongside XP. But will I have the option of creating a swap partition? And what if the WUBI Installer searches all of my drives and decides to install Ubuntu on my first drive's empty partition (which I have left empty for Win8 upon its release)?

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• Block-level deduplicating filesystem

  - by James Haigh

  I'm looking for a deduplicating copy-on-write filesystem solution for general user data such as /home and backups of it. It should use online/inline/synchronous deduplication at the block-level using secure hashing (for negligible chance of collisions) such as SHA256 or TTH. Duplicate blocks need not even touch the disk. The idea is that I should be able to just copy /home/<user> to an external HDD with the same such filesystem to do a backup. Simple. No messing around with incremental backups where corruption to any of the snapshots will nearly always break all later snapshots, and no need to use a specific tool to delete or 'checkout' a snapshot. Everything should simply be done from the file browser without worry. Can you imagine how easy this would be? I'd never have to think twice about backing-up again! I don't mind a performance hit, reliability is the main concern. Although, with specific implementations of cp, mv and scp, and a file browser plugin, these operations would be very fast, especially when there is a lot of duplication as they would only need to transfer the absent blocks. Accidentally using conventional copy tools that do not integrate with the FS would merely take longer, waste some bandwidth when copying remotely and waste some CPU, as the duplicate data would be re-read, re-transferred and re-hashed (although nothing would be re-written), but would absolutely not corrupt anything. (Some filesharing software may also be able to benefit by integrating with the FS.) So what's the best way of doing this? I've looked at some options: lessfs - Looks unmaintained. Any good? [Opendedup/SDFS][3] - Java? Could I use this on Android?! What does [SDFS][4] stand for? [Btrfs][5] - Some patches floating around on mailing list archives, but no real support. [ZFS][6] - Hopefully they'll one day relicense under a true Free/Opensource GPL-compatible licence. Also, 2 years ago I had a go at an attempt in Python using Fuse at the file-level to be used over the top of a typical solid FS such as EXT4, but I found Fuse for Python underdocumented and didn't manage to implement all of the system calls. My first post here, so I can't post more than 2 links until I get over 10 rep: [3]: http://www.opendedup.org/ [4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SDFS&action=edit&redlink=1 [5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs#Features [6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFS#Linux

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• External hard drive issue

  - by Blind Fish

  I am running Ubuntu 12.04 and I have a 500GB external hard drive, formatted in ext4, which I have used for about a year to store batches of data that I am sifting through. About once a week I move a chunk of data from the external drive to my internal drive for processing. As I do that I delete the data from the external drive and empty the trash, thereby clearing up space on the external and also preventing myself from grabbing stuff that I've already sorted through. The vast majority of this is text files, but there are a few .jpegs and .mp4s thrown in, if that matters. Anyway, this has been working without a hitch for nearly a year. So today I plug in the drive and I have an odd issue. I was able to move folders from the external over to my internal drive with no problem, but when I tried to delete those files I was unable to do so. I kept getting the "unable to send file to trash, do you wish to delete permanently?" message. I clicked yes / delete all, but no files were actually deleted. It just sat there. Even worse, while the system was trying in vain to delete those files I was unable to move more files over. In short, I was stuck. I canceled the operation, unmounted and remounted the drive, and then I had an even bigger problem. I have a spreadsheet of all the different folders on there ( exactly 818 ) and yet when I opened the drive in Nautilus, it was only finding 512 folders. So I had 306 missing folders, but my free space was unchanged. Immediately I think that the drive may be corrupted. I went into Disk Utility and ran the check disk option. It said that the drive was NOT clean, but offered no remedy or option to repair. I went back into the drive in Nautilus and once again attempted to delete the files I had already moved. Same issue. I clicked on Details and it said that it was unable to create a trashing file I/O error. I've looked, and it's not a permissions issue. The drive and all folders that are in it all belong to me, and they are all read / write. I've started running badblocks on the drive, but it looks like that is going to take several hours to complete. Any ideas?

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• Failed to start up after upgrading software in ubuntu 10.10

  - by Landy

  I asked this question in SuperUser one hour ago, then I know this community so I moved the question here... I've been running Ubuntu 10.10 in a physical x86-64 machine. Today Update Manager reminded me that there are some updates to install and I confirmed the action. I should had read the update list but I didn't. I can only remember there is an update about cups. After the upgrading, Update Manager requires a restart and I confirmed too. But after the restart, the computer can't start up. There are errors in the console. Begin: Running /scripts/init-premount ... done. Begin: Mounting root file system ... Begin: Running /scripts/local-top ... done. [xxx]usb 1-8: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 3 [xxx]usb 2-1: new full speed USB device using ohci_hcd and address 2 [xxx]hub 2-1:1.0: USB hub found [xxx]hub 2-1:1.0: 4 ports detected [xxx]usb 2-1.1: new low speed USB device using ohci_hcd and address 3 Gave up waiting for root device. Common probles: - Boot args (cat /proc/cmdline) - Check rootdelay=(did the system wait long enough) - Check root= (did the system wait for the right device?) - Missing modules (cat /proc/modules; ls /dev) FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.35-22-generic/modules.dep: No such file or directory FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.35-22-generic/modules.dep: No such file or directory ALERT! /dev/sda1 does not exist. Dropping to a shell! BusyBox v1.15.3 (Ubuntu 1:1.15.3-1ubuntu5) built-in shell(ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands. (initramfs)[cursor is here] At the moment, I can't input anything in the console. The keyboard doesn't work at all. What's wrong? How can I check boot args or "root=" as suggested? How can I fix this issue? Thanks. =============== PS1: the /dev/sda1 is type ext4 (rw,nosuid,nodev) PS2: the /dev/sda1 can be mounted and accessed successfully under SUSE 11 SP1 x64. PS3: From this link, I think the keyboard doesn't work because the USB driver is not loaded at that time.

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• Dual booting windows 8/ubuntu 12.04.2, Grub doesn't appear and machine never boot in ubuntu

  - by black sensei

  i got a new ACER predator AG3620-UR308 which came with windows 8, so i wanted to run ubuntu 12.04.2 on it as a dual booting. To be honest, i've been doing dual booting for a while now so, i did the right thing. the box came with 2TB HDD. so i made 4 partitions with a raw partition just after the windows installation partition I always do manual installation so even if ubuntu didn't detect windows 8, it was ok for me. So i created swap area and finished the installation etc....Grub was install on the only drive there which is sda. After reboot, grub doesn't even come up.So it always boot in windows 8. I did repeat the installation process twice and yield same result. which is weird because this method always works for me so far.Even the laptop am using to write this post is a dual booting windows 7/ mint nadia installed the same way. Is there anything new in windows 8 that i didn't make provision for? Before starting the installation, all i read about was that , windows 8 should be installed first and ubuntu after. I went ahead and disable secure boot from the BIOS and enabled CSM (don't even know what it means) according to Acer custhelp site . I boot from USB and did fdisk -l bellow is the result: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x8c361cb5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 3907029167 1953514583+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. Disk /dev/sdb: 8178 MB, 8178892800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 994 cylinders, total 15974400 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0006a87e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 2048 15972351 7985152 b W95 FAT32 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ Can anybody shed some light? thank you in advance EDIT Hey, i just did another trial with 13.04 this time and still no luck. bios: secure-boot: disabled enable CSM : always 1-delete previous ubuntu partition and swap area partition.now having free space 2- used usb installer to prepare usb with ubuntu-13.04-desktop-amd64.iso 3- rebooted : liveusb didnt detect windows 8, used something else 4-created partition ext4 for / 5-created partition for swap-area 6- default grub path is /dev/sda and clicked install Acer always boots into windows.

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• Boot error aftter clean Ubuntu 13.04 install: [Reboot and select proper boot device]

  - by IcarusNM

  I am having the same problem as this guy where a fresh Ubuntu install completes beautifully but will not boot. I get the ASUS (?) "Reboot and select proper boot device" error, first with Xubuntu 13.10 and after finally giving up there, and Xubuntu 13.4, I am back to regular Ubuntu 13.4. ASUS motherboard Z77, Intel chipset. Standard internal SATA 500GB HD. 64-bit. All-new hardware less than 3 months old. It was running Ubuntu 12.04LTC great until I tried this upgrade. I have re-installed from scratch every which way: with LVM, without LVM; with the default partitions, with my own partitions. With ext3 or ext4. Alongside; replace; upgrade. No difference. On the last two tries, I have booted afterward from the same USB stick, downloaded and run boot-repair, and now I guess I am off to the boot-repair support email with my URLs from that. It did all kinds of cool stuff but ultimately made no difference. I never got anything like this with Ubuntu 12.04. I've now probably re-installed Ubuntu 13.04 ten times slightly different ways. I finally found how to skip the language packs, so at least that sped things up! :) This starts from the ubuntu-13.04-desktop-amd64.iso and UNetbootin as suggested on the official instructions for USB thumb drive creation from OSX. That part all works fine (booting the USB on the PC and trying Ubuntu and/or installing from there on the PC HD.) I have no CD drive on this PC, but I suppose I could get one. I would rather find some Linux install that works from USB like I've always done. After running boot-repair twice, in the ASUS BIOS I now see three different UEFI boot options in the priority list, and they are all labeled exactly the same: ubuntu (P6: WDC WD5000AAKX-00U6AA0) Then there's a non-UEFI option: P6: WDC WD5000AAKX-00U6AA0 (476940MB) And a fifth option appeared after the first boot-repair: Windows Boot Manager (P6: WDC WD5000AAKX-00U6AA0) I have tried all 5 of these, and I get exactly the same error. I have never had Windows installed on this HD. ASUS is calling it Windows Boot Manaer but I presume that's a mistaken label for whatever boot-repair did. I can boot on USB and run GParted and it looks great. The partitions all look normal. I found another case of this online with no solution posted. I can't find much about it online. Needs a Master Boot Record wipe/redo?? I'm not sure how.

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• Why doesn't Ubuntu detect my second hard drive?

  - by user93179

  I am new to Linux and to Ubuntu, I was wondering, I have two hard drives setup in SATA ports (non-raid, at least I don't think they are). I installed ubuntu unto the drives fresh without any previous versions or windows at all. However when I got the Ubuntu 12.04 LTS working, all I see is 1 x 120 gigabyte harddrive. Also, not sure if this is important or not, my hard drives are SSD. My computer specs are Asus P9Z77-V-LK Nvidia Geforce GTX 660 TI Intel i5 3570k 3.4 /proc/partitions shows: major minor #blocks name 8 0 117220824 sda 8 1 117219328 sda1 8 16 117220824 sdb 8 17 96256 sdb1 8 18 108780544 sdb2 8 19 8342528 sdb3 11 0 1048575 sr0 and ls -l /sys/block/ | grep -v /virtual/: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 27 17:26 sda - ../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 27 17:26 sdb - ../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0/block/sdb lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 27 22:26 sdc - ../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.1/1-1.1:1.0/host6/target6:0:0/6:0:0:0/block/sdc lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 27 22:04 sr0 - ../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host3/target3:0:0/3:0:0:0/block/sr0 sudo file -s /dev/sd*: /dev/sda: x86 boot sector; partition 1: ID=0x7, starthead 32, startsector 2048, 234438656 sectors, code offset 0xc0, OEM-ID " ?", Bytes/sector 190, sectors/cluster 124, reserved sectors 191, FATs 6, root entries 185, sectors 64514 (volumes 32 MB) , physical drive 0x7e, dos 32 MB) , FAT (32 bit), sectors/FAT 749, reserved3 0x800000, serial number 0x35361a2b, unlabeled /dev/sdb2: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data, UUID=387761ac-5eba-4d0f-93ba-746a82fb541d (needs journal recovery) (extents) (large files) (huge files) /dev/sdb3: data /dev/sdc: x86 boot sector; partition 1: ID=0xc, active, starthead 0, startsector 8064, 30473088 sectors, code offset 0xc0 /dev/sdc1: x86 boot sector, code offset 0x58, OEM-ID "SYSLINUX", sectors/cluster 64, reserved sectors 944, Media descriptor 0xf8, heads 128, hidden sectors 8064, sectors 30473088 (volumes 32 MB) , FAT (32 bit), sectors/FAT 3720, Backup boot sector 8, serial number 0xf90c12e9, label: "KINGSTON " /dev/sda1: x86 boot sector, code offset 0x52, OEM-ID "NTFS ", sectors/cluster 8, reserved sectors 0, Media descriptor 0xf8, heads 255, hidden sectors 2048, dos 32 MB) , FAT (32 bit), sectors/FAT 749, reserved3 0x800000, serial number 0x35361a2b, unlabeled Any help would be greatly appreciated! Thanks Another thing I noticed is, when i use gparted to locate my drives, it seems that sda1 is my second drive that I am not detecting when I boot up and my ubuntu + FAT Boot files are installed in sdb1

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• How does the fstab 'defaults' option work? Is relatime recommended?

  - by hushs

  I know the fstab defaults option means this: rw,suid,dev,exec,auto,nouser,async. But what if I want to add one more option, for example relatime, should I still add defaults too or they are applied anyway? Is it needed to add at least one option? Some examples: 1. UUID=bfb42838-d866-4233-9679-96e7536356df /media/data ext3 defaults 0 2 2. UUID=bfb42838-d866-4233-9679-96e7536356df /media/data ext3 0 2 3. UUID=bfb42838-d866-4233-9679-96e7536356df /media/data ext3 defaults,relatime 0 2 4. UUID=bfb42838-d866-4233-9679-96e7536356df /media/data ext3 relatime 0 2 Is the (2) correct(no option at all)? Are the (1) and (2) the same? Are the (3) and (4) the same? Furthermore, I read in the Ubuntu Community Documentation that in Ubuntu 8.04 relatime was used as default for linux native file systems. Is it still true for 12.04? If yes, then why do I see this if I use the mount command: /dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) If no, why not? It isn't recommended to use relatime now? I just wanted to apply it to my non system partitions, it is a good idea? EDIT: I found an other command to list the mounted partitions and their options: cat /proc/mounts This is the result of a partition mounted with the defaults option in fstab: /dev/sdb2 /media/adat ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0 This is the output of mount for the same partition: /dev/sdb2 on /media/adat type ext3 (rw) And here is both result if the same partition mounted from Nautilus as a non-root user: /dev/sdb2 /media/adat ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sdb2 on /media/adat type ext3 (rw,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks) So it looks like relatime is used if we mount an ext partition in 12.04. So it is unneeded to add it manually. So my problem is broadly solved. But I still can't see why the options that should be in the defaults are not listed even with the cat /proc/mounts. Maybe there is a third and even better method to list the partition mount options :)

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• How can I improve the battery life under 12.04 on my Inspiron 14z? [duplicate]

  - by cfogelberg

  This question already has an answer here: Tips to extend battery life for laptops and notebooks 24 answers How do I improve the battery life of my Inspiron 14z under Ubuntu 12.04? This laptop gets 4-5 hours of battery life using Windows (e.g. here). I've removed Windows, installed Ubuntu 12.04 and the initial battery life was only 2 hours. With some tweaks (described below) it's still only ~2.5 hours. For reference, the laptop is the latest model of the 14z: i5-3337U processor 32GB MSATA, 500GB HDD (5400rpm) AMD Radeon HD7570M graphics card I have put ext4 partitions on both the SSD and the HDD, and have mounted / to the SSD and /home to the HDD. I also put a 24gb linux swap partition at the start of the HDD, though I figure this won't be used all that much (the laptop has 8gb of RAM). After googling around and reading Ask Ubuntu and other sites extensively, I have done the following steps, and they have improved the battery life ~30 minutes (exact improvement not clear, but battery life is still nowhere near 4-5 hours). Installed Jupiter (and set Performance to "Power Saving") Installed laptop-mode-tools cat /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode now outputs 5 (previously it output 0) But it's not clear that this will help: AskUbuntu question Turned down the brightness of my screen from full to 1/3 Other things I have heard about but have not tried for fear of frying the laptop or my linux install: Add "pcie_aspm=force" at the end of the line with "quiet splash" in /boot/grub/grub.cfg Enable ALPM, but it may already be enabled in 12.04? Enable i915 framebuffer compression Use a propietary driver for the graphics card? Turn off the graphics card? (what would happen if I relied on the internal Intel bridge?) Use TLP? Spin down the HDD more aggressively (howto, but I think laptop-mode-tools does this already) The only other thing I've noticed is that plastic just above the F5, F6 and F7 keys gets really hot. According to Jupiter my CPU temperature is only 69 celsius and the System Monitor shows CPU load at 7% so I don't think it's the CPU. Maybe it's the graphics card? Also, I've set up MongoDB and LAMP on the machine as well. When I run powertop MongoDB is high in the list, but I'm not sure if that's relevant to battery life because I'm not actually doing anything with MongoDB most of the time. Edit - Additional info as requested $ lspci -nnk | grep -iEA3 "(graphics|vga)" 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller [8086:0166] (rev 09) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:057f] Kernel driver in use: i915 Kernel modules: i915 -- 02:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI Thames [Radeon 7500M/7600M Series] [1002:6841] Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:057f] Kernel driver in use: radeon Kernel modules: radeon

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• "Could not claim interface on camera: -6" when trying to connect usb camera (Kinect)

  - by rzetterberg

  I have installed the freenect library from openkinect.org. With that library there is a demo application which you can run from the terminal to test out the Kinect. However when I run this command I get the following output: richard@behemoth:~$ sudo freenect-glview Kinect camera test Number of devices found: 1 Could not claim interface on camera: -6 Could not open device This particular error is thrown by the library libusb by the function libusb_claim_interface and the error -6 corresponds to the LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY. So my guess is that it has something to do with mounting the usb, rather than specifically the freenect library or the Kinect itself. So my question is how can I find out what resource is using this interface and how can I free it so that I can access it? Edit: What I have tried so far (just to be sure): Rebooted Plugged-out, plugged-in Tried different usb ports Restarted udev Additional information that might be useful: /etc/fstab: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=1c73f217-ac8d-451b-8390-7a680628a856 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=bb49bd29-07ec-45a0-bbab-46fb8362b06b none swap sw 0 0 sudo uname -r: Linux behemoth 3.0.0-14-generic-pae #23-Ubuntu SMP Mon Nov 21 22:07:10 UTC 2011 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux cat /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=11.10 DISTRIB_CODENAME=oneiric DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 11.10"

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• Performance of file operations on thousands of files on NTFS vs HFS, ext3, others

  - by peterjmag

  [Crossposted from my Ask HN post. Feel free to close it if the question's too broad for superuser.] This is something I've been curious about for years, but I've never found any good discussions on the topic. Of course, my Google-fu might just be failing me... I often deal with projects involving thousands of relatively small files. This means that I'm frequently performing operations on all of those files or a large subset of them—copying the project folder elsewhere, deleting a bunch of temporary files, etc. Of all the machines I've worked on over the years, I've noticed that NTFS handles these tasks consistently slower than HFS on a Mac or ext3/ext4 on a Linux box. However, as far as I can tell, the raw throughput isn't actually slower on NTFS (at least not significantly), but the delay between each individual file is just a tiny bit longer. That little delay really adds up for thousands of files. (Side note: From what I've read, this is one of the reasons git is such a pain on Windows, since it relies so heavily on the file system for its object database.) Granted, my evidence is merely anecdotal—I don't currently have any real performance numbers, but it's something that I'd love to test further (perhaps with a Mac dual-booting into Windows). Still, my geekiness insists that someone out there already has. Can anyone explain this, or perhaps point me in the right direction to research it further myself?

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• mdadm superblock hiding/shadowing partition

  - by Kjell Andreassen

  Short version: Is it safe to do mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdd on a disk with a partition (dev/sdd1), filesystem and data? Will the partition be mountable and the data still there? Longer version: I used to have a raid6 array but decided to dismantle it. The disks from the array are now used as non-raid disks. The superblocks were cleared: sudo mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdd The disks were repartitioned with fdisk and filesystems created with mfks.ext4. All disks where mounted and everything worked fine. Today, a couple of weeks later, one of the disks is failing to be recognized when trying to mount it, or rather the single partition on it. sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /mnt/tmp mount: special device /dev/sdd1 does not exist fdisk claims there to be a partition on it: sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdd Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xb06f6341 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 243201 1953512001 83 Linux Of course mount is right, the device /dev/sdd1 is not there, I'm guessing udev did not create it because of the mdadm data still on it: sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdd /dev/sdd: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 1.2 Feature Map : 0x0 Array UUID : b164e513:c0584be1:3cc53326:48691084 Name : pringle:0 (local to host pringle) Creation Time : Sat Jun 16 21:37:14 2012 Raid Level : raid6 Raid Devices : 6 Avail Dev Size : 3907027120 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Array Size : 15628107776 (7452.06 GiB 8001.59 GB) Used Dev Size : 3907026944 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Data Offset : 2048 sectors Super Offset : 8 sectors State : clean Device UUID : 3ccaeb5b:843531e4:87bf1224:382c16e2 Update Time : Sun Aug 12 22:20:39 2012 Checksum : 4c329db0 - correct Events : 1238535 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Device Role : Active device 3 Array State : AA.AAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing) My mdadm --zero-superblock apparently didn't work. Can I safely try it again without losing data? If not, are there any suggestion on what do to? Not starting mdadm at all on boot might be a (somewhat unsatisfactory) solution.

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• mdadm+zfs vs mdadm+lvm

  - by Alex

  This may be a naive question since I'm new to this and I cannot find any results about mdadm+zfs, but after some testing it seems it might work: The use case is a server with RAID6 for some data that is backed-up somewhat infrequently. I think I'm well served by any of ZFS or RAID6. Platform is Linux. Performance is secondary. So the two setups I am considering are: A RAID6 array plus regular LVM and ext4 A RAID6 array plus ZFS (without redundancy). Is this second option that I don't see discussed at all. Why ZFS+RAID6? It's mainly because the inability of ZFS to grow a raidz2 with new disks. You can replace disks with larger ones, I know, but not add another disk. You can accomplish 2-disk redundancy and ZFS disk growth using mdadm as the redundancy layer. Besides that main point (otherwise I could go directly to raidz2 without RAID under it), these are the pros-cons that I see for each option: ZFS has snapshots without preallocated space. LVM requires preallocation (might be no longer true). ZFS has checksumming (very interested in this) and compression (nice bonus). LVM has online filesystem growth (ZFS can do it offline with export/mdadm --grow/import). LVM has encryption (ZFS-on-Linux has not). This is the only major con of this combo I see. I guess I could go RAID6+LVM+ZFS... seems too heavy, or not? So, to close with a proper question: 1) Is there anything that inherently discourages or precludes RAID6+ZFS? Anyone has experience with a setup like this? 2) Are there possibilities for checksumming and compression that would make ZFS unnecessary (maintaining the possibility of filesystem growth)? Because the RAID6+LVM combo seems the sanctioned, tested way.

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• High mysql server load, sar output

  - by eric

  I have a MySQL Server that should be performing better than it seems to be. We're running ubuntu on a Amazon Cluster Compute (cc1.4xlarge) Linux ip-10-0-1-60 3.2.0-25-virtual #40-Ubuntu SMP Wed May 23 22:20:17 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Release: 12.04 Codename: precise I have several output files from sar that i'm not really sure how to interpret. For example, I ran: # Individual block device I/O activities sar -d 1 180 > logs/block_device_io.log & which gave me what looks like really high utilisation of my disk (turns out this block device maps to /dev/xvdh on /var/lib/mysql type ext4 (rw,_netdev) The output from my log: 10:48:59 PM DEV tps rd_sec/s wr_sec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util 10:49:00 PM dev202-16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:49:00 PM dev202-32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:49:00 PM dev8-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:49:00 PM dev202-112 1008.00 31040.00 1416.00 32.20 1.02 1.01 0.89 90.00 10:49:00 PM dev202-80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Am I wrong in thinking this is a problem? I have it above 90% almost the entire time we're seeing slowness. Or does this just mean MySQL is doing what it's supposed to do?

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• Linux error when resume from RAM

  - by TuxPotato

  The last two times that I have resumed my laptop from sleep, it has hung and given me this set of errors: [drm:atom_op_jump] *ERROR* atombios stuck in loop for more than 1sec aborting [drm:atom_execute_table_locked] *ERROR* atombios stuck executing E692 (len 460, WS 0, PS 4) @0xE6D3 hda_intel: azx_get_responce timeout, switching to single_cmd mode: last cmd=0x01170700 ata6: softreset failed (device not ready) ata4: softreset failed (device not ready) [drm:atom_op_jump] *ERROR* atombios stuck in loop for more than 1sec aborting [drm:atom_execute_table_locked] *ERROR* atombios stuck executing E692 (len 460, WS 0, PS 4) @0xE6D3 The last two messages repeat two more times. The first time this happened, Linux's Magic SysRq worked and did a soft reboot, and after that everything was fine till it went to sleep again. It wakes up and gives me this. Here are the laptop stats: Toshiba Satellite L455D-S5976 AMD Sempron SI-42 Processor 2GB DDR2 RAM HD TruBrite Display ATI Radeon Graphics (integrated) Running Ubuntu 10.10 32 bit I'm not sure about the hard drive, but its a 250GB drive with one NTFS partition, two Hidden NTFS, one Linux Swap, and one Ext4. Can someone tell me whats wrong with my laptop? NOTE: This only happens when I close the screen. My computer doesn't go to sleep with the screen open.

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• How to add a Linux Partition on FreeBSD

  - by Ömer

  Today I installed FreeBSD 9.0 PPC on my Mac mini G4 with 40GB HDD. During installation, (using the FSBD utility 'gpart') I have allocated a total of about 23GB for FreeBSD leaving 17GB totally free (neither partitioned, nor formatted) for a later Linux installation. Now, when try to install Linux (Ubuntu 10.10 PPC) on the remaining 17GB, the Linux/Ubuntu installer (or Linux's Disk Utility for the same matter) wants presumably a linux partition and when I try to add a (Linux) partition on that area using Linux DU it fails with this message: Error creating partition: helper exited with exit code 1: In part_add_partition: device_file=/dev/hda, start=23363101696, size=16644660224, type= Entering MS-DOS parser (offset=0, size=40007761920) No MSDOS_MAGIC found Exiting MS-DOS parser Entering Apple parser Mac MAGIC found, block_size=512 map_count = 17 Leaving Apple parser Apple partition table detected containing partition table scheme = 2 got it Error: The partition's data region doesn't occupy the entire partition. ped_disk_new() failed Now, I'm trying to add a Linux partition on FreeBSD running on the harddisk. I use seemingly most suitable tool for this job: gpart. Here is the 'gpart show ad0' But it seems unable to add a Linux partition because "man gpart" doesn't list either "Linux Partition" nor anything like Ext2 or Ext3/Ext4. The closest thing to Linux Partition in gpart is "mbr" but it doesn't work: #gpart add -t mbr ado So, how to add properly a Linux Partition on FreeBSD? Thanks.

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• Why is mkfs overwriting the LUKS encryption header on LVM on RAID partitions on Ubuntu 12.04?

  - by Starchy

  I'm trying to setup a couple of LUKS-encrypted partitions to be mounted after boot-time on a new Ubuntu server which was installed with LVM on top of software RAID. After running cryptsetup luksFormat, the LUKS header is clearly visible on the volume. After running any flavor of mkfs, the header is overwritten (which does not happen on other systems that were setup without LVM), and cryptsetup will no longer recognize the device as a LUKS device. # cryptsetup -y --cipher aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 --key-size 256 luksFormat /dev/dm-1 WARNING! ======== This will overwrite data on /dev/dm-1 irrevocably. Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES Enter LUKS passphrase: Verify passphrase: # hexdump -C /dev/dm-1|head -n5 00000000 4c 55 4b 53 ba be 00 01 61 65 73 00 00 00 00 00 |LUKS....aes.....| 00000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000020 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 63 62 63 2d 65 73 73 69 |........cbc-essi| 00000030 76 3a 73 68 61 32 35 36 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |v:sha256........| 00000040 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 73 68 61 31 00 00 00 00 |........sha1....| # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/dm-1 web2-var # mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/web2-var [..snip..] Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done # hexdump -C /dev/dm-1|head -n5 # cryptsetup luksClose /dev/mapper/web2-var 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00000400 00 40 5d 00 00 88 74 01 66 a0 12 00 17 f2 6d 01 |.@]...t.f.....m.| 00000410 f5 3f 5d 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |.?].............| 00000420 00 80 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 |......... ......| # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/dm-1 web2-var Device /dev/dm-1 is not a valid LUKS device. I have also tried mkfs.ext2 with the same result. Based on setups I've done successfully on Debian and Ubuntu (but not LVM or Ubuntu 12.04), it's hard to see why this is failing.

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• how to correctly mount fat32 partition in Ubuntu in order to preserve case

  - by Dean

  I've found there are couple of problems might be related how my FAT32 partition was mounted. I hope you can help me to solve the problem. I also included the command I used to help others when they find this post, sorry to those might feel I should use less space. I've the following file structures on my disk dean@notebook:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x08860886 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 5737 45978624 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 5738 10600 39062047+ 83 Linux /dev/sda4 10601 19457 71143852+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 10601 11208 4883728+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 11209 15033 30720000 b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 15033 19457 35537920 7 HPFS/NTFS In the etc/fstab I've got UUID=91c57a65-dc53-476b-b219-28dac3682d31 / ext4 defaults 0 1 UUID=BEA2A8AFA2A86D99 /media/NTFS ntfs-3g quiet,defaults,locale=en_US.utf8,umask=0 0 0 UUID=0C0C-9BB3 /media/FAT32 vfat user,auto,utf8,fmask=0111,dmask=0000,uid=1000 0 0 /dev/sda5 swap swap sw 0 0 /dev/sda1 /media/sda1 ntfs nls=iso8859-1,ro,noauto,umask=000 0 0 /dev/sda2 /media/sda2 ntfs nls=iso8859-1,ro,noauto,umask=000 0 0 I checked my id using id and I've got dean@notebook:~$ id uid=1000(dean) gid=1000(dean) groups=4(adm),20(dialout),24(cdrom),46(plugdev),103(fuse),104(lpadmin),115(admin),120(sambashare),1000(dean) I don't know why with these settings I still have problem of using svn like in this one Thank you for your help!

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• RAID 5 Install on Ubuntu Server 12.04 [closed]

  - by tarabyte

  Environment: Ubuntu Server 12.04, installing from bootable flash drive Error: No root file system is defined. Please correct this from the partitioning menu. I'm trying to set up a personal file server with software RAID 5. I just got three hard drives for this, but haven't found any solid documentation. I'm unsure what the basic way to partition my hard drives is. Can someone upload a screenshot of their "partition disks" screen so that I can compare with mine (attached)? Should I set the bootable flag? Do I need a /home partition? A /boot partition? Should I "Use [my partition] as: Ext4 journaling file system"? Or make that field "physical volume for RAID"? I am an engineer, but I have only a cursory knowledge of all-things-linux. If you know of any good learning resources I'd be happy to hear about those too (that way I don't have to blindly follow deprecated tutorials online). well, image would be here but i don't have a high enough reputation yet (please vote up :)) Thank you, References I've looked into: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SoftwareRAID https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/serverguide/advanced-installation.html http://forevergeeks.com/setup-ubuntu-server-with-raid-5/

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• Mounted HDD not having enough permissions from Apache/PHP

  - by Dan

  Piwigo gallery, on apache and php. The root system is a RAID 128GB. /var/www/html is on the root file system. Mounted the 320GB hdd to /var/www/html/320 using defaults, it's an ext4 fs. Put a symlink to it in /var/www/html/galleries which is read by the gallery script so I can upload images to there, then click sync. It gives me the error: [./galleries/] PWG-ERROR-NO-FS (File/directory read error) PWG-ERROR-NO-FS: The file or directory cannot be accessed (either it does not exist or the access is denied) chmod 777 set on /dev/sdb1, /var/www/html, and /var/www/html/320 as well as the symlink galleries too. All recursive. chown apache:apache to everything too. PHP just can't read/write to it. I tried with and without the symlink, I've tried everything I can think of. Nothing. Any ideas how I can give apache/php permission to read/write to this drive? With 777 permissions all around it should already be able to.

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• how to correctly mount fat32 partition in Ubuntu in order to preserve case

  - by Dean

  I've found there are couple of problems might be related how my FAT32 partition was mounted. I hope you can help me to solve the problem. I also included the command I used to help others when they find this post, sorry to those might feel I should use less space. I've the following file structures on my disk dean@notebook:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x08860886 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 5737 45978624 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 5738 10600 39062047+ 83 Linux /dev/sda4 10601 19457 71143852+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 10601 11208 4883728+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 11209 15033 30720000 b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 15033 19457 35537920 7 HPFS/NTFS In the etc/fstab I've got UUID=91c57a65-dc53-476b-b219-28dac3682d31 / ext4 defaults 0 1 UUID=BEA2A8AFA2A86D99 /media/NTFS ntfs-3g quiet,defaults,locale=en_US.utf8,umask=0 0 0 UUID=0C0C-9BB3 /media/FAT32 vfat user,auto,utf8,fmask=0111,dmask=0000,uid=1000 0 0 /dev/sda5 swap swap sw 0 0 /dev/sda1 /media/sda1 ntfs nls=iso8859-1,ro,noauto,umask=000 0 0 /dev/sda2 /media/sda2 ntfs nls=iso8859-1,ro,noauto,umask=000 0 0 I checked my id using id and I've got dean@notebook:~$ id uid=1000(dean) gid=1000(dean) groups=4(adm),20(dialout),24(cdrom),46(plugdev),103(fuse),104(lpadmin),115(admin),120(sambashare),1000(dean) I don't know why with these settings I still have problem of using svn like in this one Thank you for your help!

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• NFS high CPU usage

  - by user269836

  Hello, I have a very strange issue. I have next server: Intel(R) Xeon(TM) MP CPU 3.16GHz cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep proce | wc -l 8 free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 28203 27606 596 0 10789 9714 -/+ buffers/cache: 7103 21100 Swap: 24695 0 24695 RAID card *-storage description: RAID bus controller product: MegaRAID vendor: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic physical id: 7 bus info: pci@0000:13:07.0 logical name: scsi2 version: 01 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: storage pm bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=megaraid latency=32 resources: irq:134 memory:d8ff0000-d8ffffff(prefetchable) memory:df600000-df60ffff(prefetchable) HDD: 10x148Gb SCSI U320 15k - RAID5 /dev/sdb1 807G 674G 93G 88% /storage /dev/sdb1 /storage ext4 defaults,usrjquota=aquota.user,grpjquota=aquota.group,jqfmt=vfsv0,noatime,nodiratime,noacl,errors=remount-ro 0 1 network cards ethtool -i eth0 driver: tg3 version: 3.116 firmware-version: 5704-v3.36, ASFIPMIc v2.36 bus-info: 0000:10:02.0 ethtool -i eth1 driver: tg3 version: 3.116 firmware-version: 5704-v3.36, ASFIPMIc v2.36 bus-info: 0000:10:02.0 ifconfig bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0f:1f:ff:d6:4d inet addr:192.168.15.71 Bcast:192.168.15.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20f:1fff:feff:d64d/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1062818202 errors:0 dropped:3918 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1041317321 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:10000 RX bytes:258867684559 (241.0 GiB) TX bytes:396569192650 (369.3 GiB) this server running only nfs-kernel-server uname -a Linux nas2-backup 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 SMP Sun Sep 23 10:07:46 UTC 2012 x86_64 GNU/Linux Debian 6. What do I have, once per day or two, LA goes up, it can be reached around LA: 40 but if I do: nfs-kernel-server restart. Every thing is OK. But on the next day or a little bit later, LA goes up again. Servers are connected to d-link dgs 1016d with 24 GBits ports. I have tried everything to find out what the problem is. Why it's happening, but still I can not resolve this issue. Any ideas on what is happening here?

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• Online resizing of kvm guest root filesystem?

  - by Bittrance

  I have a Linux guest that uses an LVM volume directly as root file system (that is, there is no partition table). libvirt config looks thus: <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.4.0'>hvm</type> <kernel>/boot/vmlinuz-X.Y.Z.el6.x86_64</kernel> <initrd>/boot/initramfs-X.Y.Z.el6.x86_64.img</initrd> <cmdline>console=ttyS0 root=/dev/vda</cmdline> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <disk type='block' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none' io='native'/> <source dev='/dev/vg/guest'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> </disk> From inside the guest: $ mount /dev/vda on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) Is it possible to resize the guest's root partition without rebooting the guest? Just doing lvextend on the host and resize2fs from the guest does not seem to be enough.

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