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• how to reuse subquery result in mysql

  - by chris

  I'm doing a statistic job like this: SUM |COND1 |COND2 |... -------------------------- 100 |80 | 70 |... The SUM result is calculated from multiple tables, and the CONDs are subset of that. I wrote a sql like this: select tmp1.id,sum,cond1,cond2 as count from ( select id, count(*) as sum from table_1 group by table1.id) tmp1 left join ( select id, count(*) as cond1 from table1 where condition1 group by table1.id) tmp2 on tmp1.id=tmp2.id left join ( select id, count(*) as cond2 from table1 where condition2 group by table1.id) tmp3 on tmp1.id=tmp3.id the problem is that this is very poor efficiency, it will be better if i could use the result of tmp1, but i don't know how to do that. update: simplified the sql, what i mean is how to reuse the first select result of table_1

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• How to check integer overflow in C?

  - by Ganker

  There's (1): // assume x,y are non-negative if(x > max - y) error; And (2): // assume x,y are non-negative int sum = x + y; if(sum < x || sum < y) error; Whichs is preferred or is there a better way.

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• knockout.js bind to static data

  - by MatteS

  whats the suggested way to bind to existing static data? I have to include this in the viewmodel because its used in computed values. http://jsfiddle.net/z2ykC/4/ <div id="sum" data-bind="text: sum"> </div> <div class="line"> dynamic: <span data-bind="text: dynamicValue"></span> static: <span data-bind="text: staticValue">312</span> <button data-bind="click: getDataFromServer">get data</button> </div> <div class="line"> dynamic: <span data-bind="text: dynamicValue"></span> static: <span data-bind="text: staticValue">123</span> <button data-bind="click: getDataFromServer">get data</button> </div> ? function SumViewModel(lines){ this.sum = ko.computed(function(){ var value = 0; $.each(lines, function(index, element){ var staticValue = element.staticValue(); if (staticValue) value += staticValue; var dynamicValue = element.dynamicValue(); if (dynamicValue) value += dynamicValue; value += dynamicValue; }); return value; }); } function LineViewModel() { this.randomNumber = function(max) { return Math.floor((Math.random() * max) + 1); }; this.dynamicValue = ko.observable(0); this.staticValue = ko.observable(); this.getDataFromServer = function() { this.dynamicValue(this.randomNumber(300)); }; }; var lines = []; $('.line').each(function(index, element) { var line = new LineViewModel() //line.staticValue(parseInt($('[data-bind*="staticValue"]', element).text())); lines.push(line); ko.applyBindings(line, element); }); var sum = new SumViewModel(lines); ko.applyBindings(sum, $('#sum')[0]);

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• Adding Polynomials (Linked Lists)......Bug Help

  - by Brian

  I have written a program that creates nodes that in this class are parts of polynomials and then the two polynomials get added together to become one polynomial (list of nodes). All my code compiles so the only problem I am having is that the nodes are not inserting into the polynomial via the insert method I have in polynomial.java and when running the program it does create nodes and displays them in the 2x^2 format but when it comes to add the polynomials together it displays o as the polynomials, so if anyone can figure out whats wrong and what I can do to fix it it would be much appreciated. Here is the code: import java.util.Scanner; class Polynomial{ public termNode head; public Polynomial() { head = null; } public boolean isEmpty() { return (head == null); } public void display() { if (head == null) System.out.print("0"); else for(termNode cur = head; cur != null; cur = cur.getNext()) { System.out.println(cur); } } public void insert(termNode newNode) { termNode prev = null; termNode cur = head; while (cur!=null && (newNode.compareTo(cur)<0)) { prev = null; cur = cur.getNext(); } if (prev == null) { newNode.setNext(head); head = newNode; } else { newNode.setNext(cur); prev.setNext(newNode); } } public void readPolynomial(Scanner kb) { boolean done = false; double coefficient; int exponent; termNode term; head = null; //UNLINK ANY PREVIOUS POLYNOMIAL System.out.println("Enter 0 and 0 to end."); System.out.print("coefficient: "); coefficient = kb.nextDouble(); System.out.println(coefficient); System.out.print("exponent: "); exponent = kb.nextInt(); System.out.println(exponent); done = (coefficient == 0 && exponent == 0); while(!done) { Polynomial poly = new Polynomial(); term = new termNode(coefficient,exponent); System.out.println(term); poly.insert(term); System.out.println("Enter 0 and 0 to end."); System.out.print("coefficient: "); coefficient = kb.nextDouble(); System.out.println(coefficient); System.out.print("exponent: "); exponent = kb.nextInt(); System.out.println(exponent); done = (coefficient==0 && exponent==0); } } public static Polynomial add(Polynomial p, Polynomial q) { Polynomial r = new Polynomial(); double coefficient; int exponent; termNode first = p.head; termNode second = q.head; termNode sum = r.head; termNode term; while (first != null && second != null) { if (first.getExp() == second.getExp()) { if (first.getCoeff() != 0 && second.getCoeff() != 0); { double addCoeff = first.getCoeff() + second.getCoeff(); term = new termNode(addCoeff,first.getExp()); sum.setNext(term); first.getNext(); second.getNext(); } } else if (first.getExp() < second.getExp()) { sum.setNext(second); term = new termNode(second.getCoeff(),second.getExp()); sum.setNext(term); second.getNext(); } else { sum.setNext(first); term = new termNode(first.getNext()); sum.setNext(term); first.getNext(); } } while (first != null) { sum.setNext(first); } while (second != null) { sum.setNext(second); } return r; } } Here is my Node class: class termNode implements Comparable { private int exp; private double coeff; private termNode next; public termNode(double coefficient, int exponent) { coeff = coefficient; exp = exponent; next = null; } public termNode(termNode inTermNode) { coeff = inTermNode.coeff; exp = inTermNode.exp; } public void setData(double coefficient, int exponent) { coefficient = coeff; exponent = exp; } public double getCoeff() { return coeff; } public int getExp() { return exp; } public void setNext(termNode link) { next = link; } public termNode getNext() { return next; } public String toString() { if (exp == 0) { return(coeff + " "); } else if (exp == 1) { return(coeff + "x"); } else { return(coeff + "x^" + exp); } } public int compareTo(Object other) { if(exp ==((termNode) other).exp) return 0; else if(exp < ((termNode) other).exp) return -1; else return 1; } } And here is my Test class to run the program. import java.util.Scanner; class PolyTest{ public static void main(String [] args) { Scanner kb = new Scanner(System.in); Polynomial r; Polynomial p = new Polynomial(); System.out.println("Enter first polynomial."); p.readPolynomial(kb); Polynomial q = new Polynomial(); System.out.println(); System.out.println("Enter second polynomial."); q.readPolynomial(kb); r = Polynomial.add(p,q); System.out.println(); System.out.print("The sum of "); p.display(); System.out.print(" and "); q.display(); System.out.print(" is "); r.display(); } }

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• Why is numpy's einsum faster than numpy's built in functions?

  - by Ophion

  Lets start with three arrays of dtype=np.double. Timings are performed on a intel CPU using numpy 1.7.1 compiled with icc and linked to intel's mkl. A AMD cpu with numpy 1.6.1 compiled with gcc without mkl was also used to verify the timings. Please note the timings scale nearly linearly with system size and are not due to the small overhead incurred in the numpy functions if statements these difference will show up in microseconds not milliseconds: arr_1D=np.arange(500,dtype=np.double) large_arr_1D=np.arange(100000,dtype=np.double) arr_2D=np.arange(500**2,dtype=np.double).reshape(500,500) arr_3D=np.arange(500**3,dtype=np.double).reshape(500,500,500) First lets look at the np.sum function: np.all(np.sum(arr_3D)==np.einsum('ijk->',arr_3D)) True %timeit np.sum(arr_3D) 10 loops, best of 3: 142 ms per loop %timeit np.einsum('ijk->', arr_3D) 10 loops, best of 3: 70.2 ms per loop Powers: np.allclose(arr_3D*arr_3D*arr_3D,np.einsum('ijk,ijk,ijk->ijk',arr_3D,arr_3D,arr_3D)) True %timeit arr_3D*arr_3D*arr_3D 1 loops, best of 3: 1.32 s per loop %timeit np.einsum('ijk,ijk,ijk->ijk', arr_3D, arr_3D, arr_3D) 1 loops, best of 3: 694 ms per loop Outer product: np.all(np.outer(arr_1D,arr_1D)==np.einsum('i,k->ik',arr_1D,arr_1D)) True %timeit np.outer(arr_1D, arr_1D) 1000 loops, best of 3: 411 us per loop %timeit np.einsum('i,k->ik', arr_1D, arr_1D) 1000 loops, best of 3: 245 us per loop All of the above are twice as fast with np.einsum. These should be apples to apples comparisons as everything is specifically of dtype=np.double. I would expect the speed up in an operation like this: np.allclose(np.sum(arr_2D*arr_3D),np.einsum('ij,oij->',arr_2D,arr_3D)) True %timeit np.sum(arr_2D*arr_3D) 1 loops, best of 3: 813 ms per loop %timeit np.einsum('ij,oij->', arr_2D, arr_3D) 10 loops, best of 3: 85.1 ms per loop Einsum seems to be at least twice as fast for np.inner, np.outer, np.kron, and np.sum regardless of axes selection. The primary exception being np.dot as it calls DGEMM from a BLAS library. So why is np.einsum faster that other numpy functions that are equivalent? The DGEMM case for completeness: np.allclose(np.dot(arr_2D,arr_2D),np.einsum('ij,jk',arr_2D,arr_2D)) True %timeit np.einsum('ij,jk',arr_2D,arr_2D) 10 loops, best of 3: 56.1 ms per loop %timeit np.dot(arr_2D,arr_2D) 100 loops, best of 3: 5.17 ms per loop The leading theory is from @sebergs comment that np.einsum can make use of SSE2, but numpy's ufuncs will not until numpy 1.8 (see the change log). I believe this is the correct answer, but have not been able to confirm it. Some limited proof can be found by changing the dtype of input array and observing speed difference and the fact that not everyone observes the same trends in timings.

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• sort the "rollup" in group by

  - by shantanuo

  I found that the "with rollup" option used with group by is very useful. But it does not behave with "order by" clause. Is there any way to order by the way I want as well as calculate the sub-totals? CREATE TABLE `mygroup` ( `id` int(11) default NULL, `country` varchar(100) default NULL ) ENGINE=MyISAM ; INSERT INTO `mygroup` VALUES (1,'India'),(5,'India'),(8,'India'),(18,'China'),(28,'China'),(28,'China'); mysql>select country, sum(id) from mygroup group by country with rollup; +---------+---------+ | country | sum(id) | +---------+---------+ | China | 74 | | India | 14 | | NULL | 88 | +---------+---------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>select country, sum(id) as cnt from mygroup group by country order by cnt ; +---------+------+ | country | cnt | +---------+------+ | India | 14 | | China | 74 | +---------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>select country, sum(id) as cnt from mygroup group by country with rollup order by cnt; ERROR 1221 (HY000): Incorrect usage of CUBE/ROLLUP and ORDER BY Expected Result: +---------+------+ | country | cnt | +---------+------+ | India | 14 | | China | 74 | | NULL | 88 | +---------+---------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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• LINQ aggregate left join on SQL CE

  - by P Daddy

  What I need is such a simple, easy query, it blows me away how much work I've done just trying to do it in LINQ. In T-SQL, it would be: SELECT I.InvoiceID, I.CustomerID, I.Amount AS AmountInvoiced, I.Date AS InvoiceDate, ISNULL(SUM(P.Amount), 0) AS AmountPaid, I.Amount - ISNULL(SUM(P.Amount), 0) AS AmountDue FROM Invoices I LEFT JOIN Payments P ON I.InvoiceID = P.InvoiceID WHERE I.Date between @start and @end GROUP BY I.InvoiceID, I.CustomerID, I.Amount, I.Date ORDER BY AmountDue DESC The best equivalent LINQ expression I've come up with, took me much longer to do: var invoices = ( from I in Invoices where I.Date >= start && I.Date <= end join P in Payments on I.InvoiceID equals P.InvoiceID into payments select new{ I.InvoiceID, I.CustomerID, AmountInvoiced = I.Amount, InvoiceDate = I.Date, AmountPaid = ((decimal?)payments.Select(P=>P.Amount).Sum()).GetValueOrDefault(), AmountDue = I.Amount - ((decimal?)payments.Select(P=>P.Amount).Sum()).GetValueOrDefault() } ).OrderByDescending(row=>row.AmountDue); This gets an equivalent result set when run against SQL Server. Using a SQL CE database, however, changes things. The T-SQL stays almost the same. I only have to change ISNULL to COALESCE. Using the same LINQ expression, however, results in an error: There was an error parsing the query. [ Token line number = 4, Token line offset = 9,Token in error = SELECT ] So we look at the generated SQL code: SELECT [t3].[InvoiceID], [t3].[CustomerID], [t3].[Amount] AS [AmountInvoiced], [t3].[Date] AS [InvoiceDate], [t3].[value] AS [AmountPaid], [t3].[value2] AS [AmountDue] FROM ( SELECT [t0].[InvoiceID], [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[Amount], [t0].[Date], COALESCE(( SELECT SUM([t1].[Amount]) FROM [Payments] AS [t1] WHERE [t0].[InvoiceID] = [t1].[InvoiceID] ),0) AS [value], [t0].[Amount] - (COALESCE(( SELECT SUM([t2].[Amount]) FROM [Payments] AS [t2] WHERE [t0].[InvoiceID] = [t2].[InvoiceID] ),0)) AS [value2] FROM [Invoices] AS [t0] ) AS [t3] WHERE ([t3].[Date] >= @p0) AND ([t3].[Date] <= @p1) ORDER BY [t3].[value2] DESC Ugh! Okay, so it's ugly and inefficient when run against SQL Server, but we're not supposed to care, since it's supposed to be quicker to write, and the performance difference shouldn't be that large. But it just doesn't work against SQL CE, which apparently doesn't support subqueries within the SELECT list. In fact, I've tried several different left join queries in LINQ, and they all seem to have the same problem. Even: from I in Invoices join P in Payments on I.InvoiceID equals P.InvoiceID into payments select new{I, payments} generates: SELECT [t0].[InvoiceID], [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[Amount], [t0].[Date], [t1].[InvoiceID] AS [InvoiceID2], [t1].[Amount] AS [Amount2], [t1].[Date] AS [Date2], ( SELECT COUNT(*) FROM [Payments] AS [t2] WHERE [t0].[InvoiceID] = [t2].[InvoiceID] ) AS [value] FROM [Invoices] AS [t0] LEFT OUTER JOIN [Payments] AS [t1] ON [t0].[InvoiceID] = [t1].[InvoiceID] ORDER BY [t0].[InvoiceID] which also results in the error: There was an error parsing the query. [ Token line number = 2, Token line offset = 5,Token in error = SELECT ] So how can I do a simple left join on a SQL CE database using LINQ? Am I wasting my time?

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• MDX Current Month Problem

  - by schone

  Hi all, I have the following MDX query: WITH MEMBER [Measures].[TY Sales] AS 'SUM([Measures].[Sales])' MEMBER [Measures].[YTD Sales] AS 'SUM(PERIODSTODATE([Time.Fiscals].[2009], [Time.Fiscals].CurrentMember), [Measures].[Sales])' MEMBER [Measures].[LY Sales] AS 'SUM(PARALLELPERIOD([Time.Fiscals].[2009].[8], 1, [Time.Fiscals].CurrentMember),[Measures].[Sales])' MEMBER [Measures].[LYTD Sales] AS 'SUM(PERIODSTODATE([Time.Fiscals].[2009], PARALLELPERIOD([Time.Fiscals].[2009].[8], 1, [Time.Fiscals].CurrentMember)), [Measures].[Sales])' SELECT {[Measures].[TY Sales],[Measures].[YTD Sales],[Measures].[LY Sales],[Measures].[LYTD Sales]} ON COLUMNS, [Time.Fiscals].[2009].[8] ON ROWS FROM [Sales] The above query displays sales for fiscal year 2009 and fiscal month 8 (Feb), I would like the fiscal year and fiscal month dynamic but I'm unsure on how to do this? I'm using Mondrian. Thanks!

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• Optimize grep, awk and sed shell stuff

  - by kockiren

  I try to sum the traffic of diffrent ports in the logfiles from "IPCop" so i write and command for my shell, but i think its possible to optimize the command. First a Line from my Logfile: 01/00:03:16 kernel INPUT IN=eth1 OUT= MAC=xxx SRC=xxx DST=xxx LEN=40 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=98 ID=256 PROTO=TCP SPT=47438 DPT=1433 WINDOW=16384 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Now i grep with following Command the sum of all lengths who contains port 1433 grep 1433 log.dat|awk '{for(i=1;i<=10;i++)if($i ~ /LEN/)print $i};'|sed 's/LEN=//g;'|awk '{sum+=$1}END{print sum}' The for loop i need because the LEN-col is not on same position at all time. Any suggestion for optimizing this command? Regards Rene

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• Using outer query result in a subquery in postgresql

  - by brad

  I have two tables points and contacts and I'm trying to get the average points.score per contact grouped on a monthly basis. Note that points and contacts aren't related, I just want the sum of points created in a month divided by the number of contacts that existed in that month. So, I need to sum points grouped by the created_at month, and I need to take the count of contacts FOR THAT MONTH ONLY. It's that last part that's tricking me up. I'm not sure how I can use a column from an outer query in the subquery. I tried something like this: SELECT SUM(score) AS points_sum, EXTRACT(month FROM created_at) AS month, date_trunc('MONTH', created_at) + INTERVAL '1 month' AS next_month, (SELECT COUNT(id) FROM contacts WHERE contacts.created_at <= next_month) as contact_count FROM points GROUP BY month, next_month ORDER BY month So, I'm extracting the actual month that my points are being summed, and at the same time, getting the beginning of the next_month so that I can say "Get me the count of contacts where their created at is < next_month" But it complains that column next_month doesn't exist This is understandable as the subquery knows nothing about the outer query. Qualifying with points.next_month doesn't work either. So can someone point me in the right direction of how to achieve this? Tables: Points score | created_at 10 | "2011-11-15 21:44:00.363423" 11 | "2011-10-15 21:44:00.69667" 12 | "2011-09-15 21:44:00.773289" 13 | "2011-08-15 21:44:00.848838" 14 | "2011-07-15 21:44:00.924152" Contacts id | created_at 6 | "2011-07-15 21:43:17.534777" 5 | "2011-08-15 21:43:17.520828" 4 | "2011-09-15 21:43:17.506452" 3 | "2011-10-15 21:43:17.491848" 1 | "2011-11-15 21:42:54.759225" sum, month and next_month (without the subselect) sum | month | next_month 14 | 7 | "2011-08-01 00:00:00" 13 | 8 | "2011-09-01 00:00:00" 12 | 9 | "2011-10-01 00:00:00" 11 | 10 | "2011-11-01 00:00:00" 10 | 11 | "2011-12-01 00:00:00"

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• How do I mix functions in complex SSRS expressions?

  - by Boydski

  I'm writing a report against a data repository that has null values within some of the columns. The problem is building expressions is as temperamental as a hormonal old lady and doesn't like my mixing of functions. Here's an expression I've written that does not work if the data in the field is null/nothing: =IIF( IsNumeric(Fields!ADataField.Value), RunningValue( IIF( DatePart("q", Fields!CreatedOn.Value) = "2", Fields!ADataField.Value, 0 ), Sum, Nothing ), Sum(0) ) (Pseudocode) "If the data is valid and if the data was created in the second quarter of the year, add it to the overall Sum, otherwise, add zero to the sum." Looks pretty straight forward. And the individual pieces of the expression work by themselves. IE: IsNumeric(), DatePart(), etc. But when I put them all together, the expression throws an error. I've attempted about every permutation of what's shown above, all to no avail. Null values in Fields!ADataField.Value cause errors. Thoughts?

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• StackOverflowError being caused by a TableModelListener

  - by me_here

  I'm not sure why this is recursing. jTable1.getModel().addTableModelListener(new TableModelListener() { public void tableChanged(TableModelEvent evt) { int sum = 0; int i=0; for (i =0 ; i<2; i++){ sum = sum + Integer.parseInt(jTable1.getValueAt(0, i).toString()); } jTable1.setValueAt(sum, 0, 2); } }); The exception is: (it keeps repeating) Exception in thread "AWT-EventQueue-0" java.lang.StackOverflowError at javax.swing.table.DefaultTableColumnModel.getColumn(DefaultTableColumnModel.java:277) at javax.swing.JTable.convertColumnIndexToModel(JTable.java:2553) at javax.swing.JTable.getValueAt(JTable.java:2695) at testprogram.guitest.TestTableModel$1.tableChanged(TestTableModel.java:63) at javax.swing.table.AbstractTableModel.fireTableChanged(AbstractTableModel.java:280) at javax.swing.table.AbstractTableModel.fireTableCellUpdated(AbstractTableModel.java:259) at javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel.setValueAt(DefaultTableModel.java:650) at javax.swing.JTable.setValueAt(JTable.java:2719) Any help appreciated.

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• Nhibernate criteria query inserts an extra order by expression when using JoinType.LeftOuterJoin and Projections

  - by Aaron Palmer

  Why would this nhibernate criteria query produce the sql query below? return Session.CreateCriteria(typeof(FundingCategory), "fc") .CreateCriteria("FundingPrograms", "fp") .CreateCriteria("Projects", "p", JoinType.LeftOuterJoin) .Add(Restrictions.Disjunction() .Add(Restrictions.Eq("fp.Recipient.Id", recipientId)) .Add(Restrictions.Eq("p.Recipient.Id", recipientId)) ) .SetProjection(Projections.ProjectionList() .Add(Projections.GroupProperty("fc.Name"), "fcn") .Add(Projections.Sum("fp.ObligatedAmount"), "fpo") .Add(Projections.Sum("p.ObligatedAmount"), "po") ) .AddOrder(Order.Desc("fpo")) .AddOrder(Order.Desc("po")) .AddOrder(Order.Asc("fcn")) .List<object[]>(); SELECT this_.Name as y0_, sum(fp1_.ObligatedAmount) as y1_, sum(p2_.ObligatedAmount) as y2_ FROM fundingCategories this_ inner join fundingPrograms fp1_ on this_.fundingCategoryId = fp1_.fundingCategoryId left outer join projects p2_ on fp1_.fundingProgramId = p2_.fundingProgramId WHERE (fp1_.recipientId = 6 /* @p0 */ or p2_.recipientId = 6 /* @p1 */) GROUP BY this_.Name ORDER BY p2_.name asc, y1_ desc, y2_ desc, y0_ asc It is incorrectly putting the p2_name asc into the ORDER BY statement, and causing it to crash. This only happens when I use JoinType.LeftOuterJoin on my Projects criteria. Is this a known nhibernate bug? I'm using nhibernate 2.0.1.4000. Thanks for any insight.

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• SQL Server Reporting Services: creating a Pareto chart

  - by william

  I am trying to create a Pareto Chart in SQL Server Reporting Service 2005. I created a chart, but having difficulties in trying to get my cumulative(line) to display. I listed my values below. =SUM(Fields!Total_SR.Value)/MAX(Fields!Total_SR.Value, "SeriesGroup")*0.75 cumulative value: =RunningValue(Fields!Total_SR, Sum, "SeriesGroup") / Sum(Fields!Total_SR, "SeriesGroup") I am able to get the Bar to display. This is the instructions I used: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa964128(SQL.90).aspx

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• How do I print out objects in an array in python?

  - by Jonathan

  I'm writing a code which performs a k-means clustering on a set of data. I'm actually using the code from a book called collective intelligence by O'Reilly. Everything works, but in his code he uses the command line and i want to write everything in notepad++. As a reference his line is >>>kclust=clusters.kcluster(data,k=10) >>>[rownames[r] for r in k[0]] Here is my code: from PIL import Image,ImageDraw def readfile(filename): lines=[line for line in file(filename)] # First line is the column titles colnames=lines[0].strip( ).split('\t')[1:] rownames=[] data=[] for line in lines[1:]: p=line.strip( ).split('\t') # First column in each row is the rowname rownames.append(p[0]) # The data for this row is the remainder of the row data.append([float(x) for x in p[1:]]) return rownames,colnames,data from math import sqrt def pearson(v1,v2): # Simple sums sum1=sum(v1) sum2=sum(v2) # Sums of the squares sum1Sq=sum([pow(v,2) for v in v1]) sum2Sq=sum([pow(v,2) for v in v2]) # Sum of the products pSum=sum([v1[i]*v2[i] for i in range(len(v1))]) # Calculate r (Pearson score) num=pSum-(sum1*sum2/len(v1)) den=sqrt((sum1Sq-pow(sum1,2)/len(v1))*(sum2Sq-pow(sum2,2)/len(v1))) if den==0: return 0 return 1.0-num/den class bicluster: def __init__(self,vec,left=None,right=None,distance=0.0,id=None): self.left=left self.right=right self.vec=vec self.id=id self.distance=distance def hcluster(rows,distance=pearson): distances={} currentclustid=-1 # Clusters are initially just the rows clust=[bicluster(rows[i],id=i) for i in range(len(rows))] while len(clust)>1: lowestpair=(0,1) closest=distance(clust[0].vec,clust[1].vec) # loop through every pair looking for the smallest distance for i in range(len(clust)): for j in range(i+1,len(clust)): # distances is the cache of distance calculations if (clust[i].id,clust[j].id) not in distances: distances[(clust[i].id,clust[j].id)]=distance(clust[i].vec,clust[j].vec) #print 'i' #print i #print #print 'j' #print j #print d=distances[(clust[i].id,clust[j].id)] if d<closest: closest=d lowestpair=(i,j) # calculate the average of the two clusters mergevec=[ (clust[lowestpair[0]].vec[i]+clust[lowestpair[1]].vec[i])/2.0 for i in range(len(clust[0].vec))] # create the new cluster newcluster=bicluster(mergevec,left=clust[lowestpair[0]], right=clust[lowestpair[1]], distance=closest,id=currentclustid) # cluster ids that weren't in the original set are negative currentclustid-=1 del clust[lowestpair[1]] del clust[lowestpair[0]] clust.append(newcluster) return clust[0] def kcluster(rows,distance=pearson,k=4): # Determine the minimum and maximum values for each point ranges=[(min([row[i] for row in rows]),max([row[i] for row in rows])) for i in range(len(rows[0]))] # Create k randomly placed centroids clusters=[[random.random( )*(ranges[i][1]-ranges[i][0])+ranges[i][0] for i in range(len(rows[0]))] for j in range(k)] lastmatches=None for t in range(100): print 'Iteration %d' % t bestmatches=[[] for i in range(k)] # Find which centroid is the closest for each row for j in range(len(rows)): row=rows[j] bestmatch=0 for i in range(k): d=distance(clusters[i],row) if d<distance(clusters[bestmatch],row): bestmatch=i bestmatches[bestmatch].append(j) # If the results are the same as last time, this is complete if bestmatches==lastmatches: break lastmatches=bestmatches # Move the centroids to the average of their members for i in range(k): avgs=[0.0]*len(rows[0]) if len(bestmatches[i])>0: for rowid in bestmatches[i]: for m in range(len(rows[rowid])): avgs[m]+=rows[rowid][m] for j in range(len(avgs)): avgs[j]/=len(bestmatches[i]) clusters[i]=avgs return bestmatches

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• mysql result set joining existing table

  - by Yang

  is there any way to avoid using tmp table? I am using a query with aggregate function (sum) to generate the sum of each product: the result looks like this: product_name | sum(qty) product_1 | 100 product_2 | 200 product_5 | 300 now i want to join the above result to another table called products. so that i will have a summary like this: product_name | sum(qty) product_1 | 100 product_2 | 200 product_3 | 0 product_4 | 0 product_5 | 300 i know 1 way of doing this is the dump the 1st query result to a temp table then join it with products table. is there a better way?

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• Demangling typeclass functions in GHC profiler output

  - by Paul Kuliniewicz

  When profiling a Haskell program written in GHC, the names of typeclass functions are mangled in the .prof file to distinguish one instance's implementations of them from another. How can I demangle these names to find out which type's instance it is? For example, suppose I have the following program, where types Fast and Slow both implement Show: import Data.List (foldl') sum' = foldl' (+) 0 data Fast = Fast instance Show Fast where show _ = show $ sum' [1 .. 10] data Slow = Slow instance Show Slow where show _ = show $ sum' [1 .. 100000000] main = putStrLn (show Fast ++ show Slow) I compile with -prof -auto-all -caf-all and run with +RTS -p. In the .prof file that gets generated, I see that the top cost centers are: COST CENTRE MODULE %time %alloc show_an9 Main 71.0 83.3 sum' Main 29.0 16.7 And in the tree, I likewise see (omitting irrelevant lines): individual inherited COST CENTRE MODULE no. entries %time %alloc %time %alloc main Main 232 1 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 show_an9 Main 235 1 71.0 83.3 100.0 100.0 sum' Main 236 0 29.0 16.7 29.0 16.7 show_anx Main 233 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 How do I figure out that show_an9 is Slow's implementation of show and not Fast's?

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• How to evaluate a custom math expression in Python

  - by taynaron

  I'm writing a custom dice rolling parser (snicker if you must) in python. Basically, I want to use standard math evaluation but add the 'd' operator: #xdy sum = 0 for each in range(x): sum += randInt(1, y) return sum So that, for example, 1d6+2d6+2d6-72+4d100 = (5)+(1+1)+(6+2)-72+(5+39+38+59) = 84 I was using regex to replace all 'd's with the sum and then using eval, but my regex fell apart when dealing with parentheses on either side. Is there a faster way to go about this than implementing my own recursive parsing? Perhaps adding an operator to eval?

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• Minimum cost strongly connected digraph

  - by Kazoom

  I have a digraph which is strongly connected (i.e. there is a path from i to j and j to i for each pair of nodes (i, j) in the graph G). I wish to find a strongly connected graph out of this graph such that the sum of all edges is the least. To put it differently, I need to get rid of edges in such a way that after removing them, the graph will still be strongly connected and of least cost for the sum of edges. I think it's an NP hard problem. I'm looking for an optimal solution, not approximation, for a small set of data like 20 nodes. Edit A more general description: Given a grap G(V,E) find a graph G'(V,E') such that if there exists a path from v1 to v2 in G than there also exists a path between v1 and v2 in G' and sum of each ei in E' is the least possible. so its similar to finding a minimum equivalent graph, only here we want to minimize the sum of edge weights rather than sum of edges. Edit: My approach so far: I thought of solving it using TSP with multiple visits, but it is not correct. My goal here is to cover each city but using a minimum cost path. So, it's more like the cover set problem, I guess, but I'm not exactly sure. I'm required to cover each and every city using paths whose total cost is minimum, so visiting already visited paths multiple times does not add to the cost.

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• SQL Server: What locale should be used to format numeric values into SQL Server format?

  - by Ian Boyd

  It seems that SQL Server does not accept numbers formatted using any particular locale. It also doesn't support locales that have digits other than 0-9. For example, if the current locale is bengali, then the number 123456789 would come out as "?????????". And that's just the digits, nevermind what the digit grouping would be. But the same problem happens for numbers in the Invariant locale, which formats numbers as "123,456,789", which SQL Server won't accept. Is there a culture that matches what SQL Server accepts for numeric values? Or will i have to create some custom "sql server" culture, generating rules for that culture myself from lower level formatting routines? If i was in .NET (which i'm not), i could peruse the Standard Numeric Format strings. Of the format codes available in .NET: c (Currency): $123.46 d (Decimal): 1234 e (Exponentional): 1.052033E+003 f (Fixed Point): 1234.57 g (General): 123.456 n (Number): 1,234.57 p (Percent): 100.00 % r (Round Trip): 123456789.12345678 x (Hexadecimal): FF Only 6 accept all numeric types: c (Currency): $123.46 d (Decimal): 1234 e (Exponentional): 1.052033E+003 f (Fixed Point): 1234.57 g (General): 123.456 n (Number): 1,234.57 p (Percent): 100.00 % r (Round Trip): 123456789.12345678 x (Hexadecimal): FF And of those only 2 generate string representations, in the en-US locale anyway, that would be accepted by SQL Server: c (Currency): $123.46 d (Decimal): 1234 e (Exponentional): 1.052033E+003 f (Fixed Point): 1234.57 g (General): 123.456 n (Number): 1,234.57 p (Percent): 100.00 % r (Round Trip): 123456789.12345678 x (Hexadecimal): FF Of the remaining two, fixed is dependant on the locale's digits, rather than the number being used, leaving General g format: c (Currency): $123.46 d (Decimal): 1234 e (Exponentional): 1.052033E+003 f (Fixed Point): 1234.57 g (General): 123.456 n (Number): 1,234.57 p (Percent): 100.00 % r (Round Trip): 123456789.12345678 x (Hexadecimal): FF And i can't even say for certain that the g format won't add digit groupings (e.g. 1,234). Is there a locale that formats numbers in the way SQL Server expects? Is there a .NET format code? A java format code? A Delphi format code? A VB format code? A stdio format code? latin-numeral-digits

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• One url to image, few results

  - by Misiur

  Hi! I'm trying to show programmers that some captchas are too weak, and i'm breaking them. Now i've got something like this: Function: <?php function cbreak($image) { $info = getimagesize($image); $width = $info[0]; $height = $info[1]; $img = imagecreatefromgif($image); $map = array(); for($y=0; $y<$height; $y++) { for($x=0; $x<$width; $x++) { $color = imagecolorsforindex($img, imagecolorat($img, $x, $y)); $map[$x][$y] = ($color['red'] + $color['blue'] + $color['green'] > 750) ? TRUE : FALSE; } } echo '<pre>'; for($y=0; $y<$height; $y++) { for($x=0; $x<$width; $x++) { echo ($map[$x][$y] == TRUE) ? 'X' : '-'; } echo '<br>'; } echo '</pre>'; $sum = ''; for($x=0; $x<$width; $x++) { $count = 0; for($y=0; $y<$height; $y++) { if($map[$x][$y] == TRUE) $count++; } $sum .= ($count == 0) ? 'X' : $count; } $sum = preg_replace('#X+#', 'X', $sum); $sum = trim($sum, 'X'); $letters = explode('X', $sum); $patterns = array( /* Still not here */ ); $token = ''; for($i=0; $i<count($letters); $i++) { $token .= $patterns[$letters[$i]]; } echo $token; } ?> Action: <?php $cl = curl_init("http://www.takeagift.pl/rejestracja"); curl_setopt($cl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); $r = curl_exec($cl); $pattern = "/src=[\"'].*[\"']?/i"; preg_match_all($pattern, $r, $images); $c = array(); for($i=0; $i<sizeof($images[0]); $i++) { if(strstr($images[0][$i], 'captcha') !== false) { $c = $images[0][$i]; } } $s1 = substr($c, 0, -8); echo $s1."<br />"; $s = substr($s1, 5, -1); echo $s."<br />"; curl_close($cl); ?> <img src="http://www.takeagift.pl/includes/modules/captcha.php?1270900968" /><br /> <img src="http://www.takeagift.pl/includes/modules/captcha.php?1270900968" /><br /> <img src="http://www.takeagift.pl/includes/modules/captcha.php?1270900968" /><br /> <img src="http://www.takeagift.pl/includes/modules/captcha.php?1270900968" /><br /> <img src="http://www.takeagift.pl/includes/modules/captcha.php?1270900968" /><br /> <?php include('cb.php'); cbreak("http://www.takeagift.pl/includes/modules/captcha.php?1270900968"); ?> Don't look at preg_match i still haven't learned regexp. So as You can see links are same: (captcha.php?1270900968), but the result - not. Help me, please (i'm not doing it to spam this portal)

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• How to get column value into row header

  - by Dharmendra Mohapatra

  ID amount year 1 300 02-02-2010 00:00 2 400 02-02-2009 00:00 3 200 02-02-2011 00:00 4 300 22-02-2010 00:00 5 400 12-02-2009 00:00 6 500 22-02-2009 00:00 7 600 02-02-2006 00:00 8 700 02-07-2012 00:00 9 500 08-02-2012 00:00 10 800 09-02-2011 00:00 11 500 06-02-2010 00:00 12 600 01-02-2011 00:00 13 300 02-02-2019 00:00 Desired output Y1 Y2 Y3 ........... sum(amount) sum(amount) sum(amount) Please suggest a approach Y1 is the year part of the date so my result column would be 2006 2009 2010 2011 2012 600 1300 800 1900 1200 Thanks. DB- MYSQL, SQL SERVER Thanks.

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• Union on ValuesQuerySet in django

  - by Wuxab

  I've been searching for a way to take the union of querysets in django. From what I read you can use query1 | query2 to take the union... This doesn't seem to work when using values() though. I'd skip using values until after taking the union but I need to use annotate to take the sum of a field and filter on it and since there's no way to do "group by" I have to use values(). The other suggestions I read were to use Q objects but I can't think of a way that would work. Do I pretty much need to just use straight SQL or is there a django way of doing this? What I want is: q1 = mymodel.objects.filter(date__lt = '2010-06-11').values('field1','field2').annotate(volsum=Sum('volume')).exclude(volsum=0) q2 = mymodel.objects.values('field1','field2').annotate(volsum=Sum('volume')).exclude(volsum=0) query = q1|q2 But this doesn't work and as far as I know I need the "values" part because there's no other way for Sum to know how to act since it's a 15 column table.

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• MySQL/SQL: Update with correlated subquery from the updated table itself

  - by Roee Adler

  I have a generic question that I will try to explain using an example. Say I have a table with the fields: "id", "name", "category", "appearances" and "ratio" The idea is that I have several items, each related to a single category and "appears" several times. The ratio field should include the percentage of each item's appearances out of the total number of appearances of items in the category. In pseudo-code what I need is the following: For each category find the total sum of appearances for items related to it. For example it can be done with (select sum("appearances") from table group by category) For each item set the ratio value as the item's appearances divided by the sum found for the category above Now I'm trying to achieve this with a single update query, but can't seem to do it. What I thought I should do is: update Table T set T.ratio = T.appearances / ( select sum(S.appearances) from Table S where S.id = T.id ) But MySQL does not accept the alias T in the update column, and I did not find other ways of achieving this. Any ideas?

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• slow DNS resolution

  - by Ehsan

  I have a DNS server that resolves all queries for an internal group of servers. It is a bind on CentOS 5.5 (same as RHEL5) and I have set it up to allow recursion and resolve direction without any forwarders. The problem I am facing is that it takes a freakishly long amount of time to resolve a name for the first time. (in the magnitudes of 20 sec) This causes clients to give timeout. When I set it to forward all to Google's public DNS, i.e. 8.8.8.8+8.8.4.4, it works very nicely (within a second). I tried monitoring the traffic on the net to see why it is doing this: [root@ns1 ~]# tcpdump -nnvvvA -s0 udp tcpdump: listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 23:06:36.137797 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 35903, offset 0, flags [none], proto: UDP (17), length: 60) 172.17.1.10.36942 > 172.17.1.4.53: [udp sum ok] 19773+ A? www.paypal.com. (32) E..<[email protected]... .....N.5.(6.M=...........www.paypal.com..... 23:06:36.140594 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 56477, offset 0, flags [none], proto: UDP (17), length: 71) 172.17.1.4.6128 > 192.35.51.30.53: [udp sum ok] 10105 [1au] A? www.paypal.com. ar: . OPT UDPsize=4096 (43) E..G....@........#3....5.3fR'y...........www.paypal.com.......)........ 23:06:38.149756 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 13078, offset 0, flags [none], proto: UDP (17), length: 71) 172.17.1.4.52425 > 192.54.112.30.53: [udp sum ok] 54892 [1au] A? www.paypal.com. ar: . OPT UDPsize=4096 (43) [email protected]&.....6p....5.3.q.l...........www.paypal.com.......)........ 23:06:40.159725 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 43016, offset 0, flags [none], proto: UDP (17), length: 71) 172.17.1.4.24059 > 192.42.93.30.53: [udp sum ok] 11205 [1au] A? www.paypal.com. ar: . OPT UDPsize=4096 (43) E..G....@..@.....*].]..5.3..+............www.paypal.com.......)........ 23:06:41.141403 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 35904, offset 0, flags [none], proto: UDP (17), length: 60) 172.17.1.10.36942 > 172.17.1.4.53: [udp sum ok] 19773+ A? www.paypal.com. (32) E..<.@..@..@... .....N.5.(6.M=...........www.paypal.com..... 23:06:42.169652 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 44001, offset 0, flags [none], proto: UDP (17), length: 60) 172.17.1.4.9141 > 192.55.83.30.53: [udp sum ok] 1184 A? www.paypal.com. (32) E..<[email protected].#..5.(...............www.paypal.com..... 23:06:42.207295 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 54, id 38004, offset 0, flags [none], proto: UDP (17), length: 205) 192.55.83.30.53 > 172.17.1.4.9141: [udp sum ok] 1184- q: A? www.paypal.com. 0/3/3 ns: paypal.com. NS ns1.isc-sns.net., paypal.com. NS ns2.isc-sns.com., paypal.com. NS ns3.isc-sns.info. ar: ns1.isc-sns.net. AAAA 2001:470:1a::1, ns1.isc-sns.net. A 72.52.71.1, ns2.isc-sns.com. A 38.103.2.1 (177) E....t..6./A.7S......5#..................www.paypal.com..................ns1.isc-sns.net..............ns2.isc-sns...............ns3.isc-sns.info..,.......... ..p.............,..........H4G..I..........&g.. (this goes on for a few more seconds) If you look carefully, you will see that the first 3-4 root servers did not respond at all. This wastes 7-8 seconds, until one of them responded. Do you think I have setup something wrong here? Interestingly, when I dig directly from the root servers that did not respond, the always respond very fast (showing the firewall/nat is not the issue here). E.g. dig www.paypal.com @192.35.51.30 works perfectly, consistently, and very fast. What do you think about this mystery?

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