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script to automatically test if a web site is available

- by Xoundboy

I'm a lone web developer with my own Centos VPS hosting a few small web sites for my clients. Today I discovered my httpd service had stopped (for no apparent reason - but that's another thread). I restarted it but now I need to find a way that I can be notified by email and/or SMS if it happens again - I don't like it when my client rings me to tell me their web site doesn't work! I know there are probably many different possibilities, including server monitoring software. I think all I really need is a script that I can run as a cron job from my dev host (which is permanently running in my office) that attempts to load a page from my production server and if it doesn't load within say 30 seconds then it sends me an email or SMS. I'm pretty rubbish at shell scripting, hence this question. Any suggestions would be gratefully appreciated, thanks to all you clever sysadmin guys and girls out there :)

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LUKS-Encrypted Root Partition in Ubuntu 9.04

- by Martindale

I have a LUKS-encrypted root partition that I have installed Ubuntu 9.04 to. I have of course placed /boot on a separate ext2 partition, and my boot loader loads and functions correctly. However, I can't seem to get my initrd to load the LUKS-encrypted root using the appropriate /dev/mapper/ address. What hooks and scripts do I need to add to get this to function correctly, and what is the correct way to regenerate my initrd? I can CHROOT into this install, and everything works fine - but I just can't seem to get it to actually boot. Help!

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Unusable Source for Ubuntu image on Xen 3

- by Roberto Aloi

Hi all, I'm trying to create a new VM in Xen 3, running Ubuntu 10.4 (32 bit) as the guest OS. Xen 3 is installed on a machine running OpenSuse 11.2. I downloaded the Ubuntu image from the ubuntu.com website and I mounted it on /dev/loop0. When I try to create the new VM in Xen with the given source, Xen complains the "source is unusable". I've also checked the md5 sum for the image. It's fine. Any suggestion or hint that could help me?

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OpenVPN Configuration - Windows 7 client & debian server

- by Guillaume

I recently formatted my Windows 7 computer and lost my client's config files for OpenVPN. I recovered the certificates and default config that were left on the server but I haven't managed to make the whole thing work again. I assume the server's config and routing table are OK because it was working before (although quite some time ago). Would any of you experts be able to help? server.conf # Serveur TCP/666 mode server proto udp port 666 dev tun # Cles et certificats ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key dh dh1024.pem tls-auth ta.key 0 cipher AES-256-CBC # Reseau server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 #push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.222.222" push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.220.220" push "redirect-gateway def1" keepalive 10 120 # Securite user nobody group nogroup chroot /etc/openvpn/jail persist-key persist-tun comp-lzo # Log verb 3 mute 20 status openvpn-status.log log-append /var/log/openvpn.log client.conf # Client client dev tun proto udp remote *my server's ip address*:666 cipher AES-256-CBC # Cles ca ca.crt cert client1.crt key client1.key tls-auth ta.key 1 # Securite nobind persist-key persist-tun comp-lzo verb 3 Routing table on debian server when OpenVPN server is running: Destination Gateway Genmask Indic Metric Ref Use Iface 10.8.0.2 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 my server's ip * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 default 72815.trg.dedic 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 Routing table on Windows 7 client (OpenVPN not working) =========================================================================== Interface List 19...00 f0 8a 1b 6e 5c ......TAP-Win32 Adapter V9 12...90 2e 34 33 84 7b ......Atheros AR8151 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller ( NDIS 6.20) 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 12...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter 13...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface 16...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2 =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.11 20 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 192.168.1.11 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None IPv6 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: [...] =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None And when the link is established between my client and the server: The server's routing table stays the same. The client's becomes: =========================================================================== Interface List 19...00 f0 8a 1b 6e 5c ......TAP-Win32 Adapter V9 12...90 2e 34 33 84 7b ......Atheros AR8151 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller ( NDIS 6.20) 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 12...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter 13...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface 16...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2 =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.11 20 0.0.0.0 128.0.0.0 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 30 10.8.0.1 255.255.255.255 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 30 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.252 On-link 10.8.0.6 286 10.8.0.6 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.8.0.6 286 10.8.0.7 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.8.0.6 286 my server's ip 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.11 20 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 128.0.0.0 128.0.0.0 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 30 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 192.168.1.11 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 10.8.0.6 286 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.8.0.6 286 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None What's working: Server and client do connect to each other, SSL certificates are OK. The client gets an IP (10.8.0.6) from the server OpenVPN client is started as an administrator. But: I cannot ping the other one on either side. 'Gateway' value is empty on client's side (in the adapter's "status" window). Client has got no internet access when the link is up. Ideal configuration: I only want the client to be able to use the server's Internet access and access its resources (MySQL server in particular). I do not need or want the server to access the client's local network. The client needs to be able to access it's local network, although all Internet traffic should be redirected to the VPN link. I spent a considerable amount of time on this but it's still not working, any help would be much appreciated. Thanks :)

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Xen P2V for large physical hosts with much free space

- by Sirex

I need to P2V a rhel5 machine to xen under rhel5. I know I can use dd if=/dev/sda then using virt-install --import on the host, but the downside of this is the original machine has 80% free space on its drive. Does anyone know of (or can document) a quick and easy method which works reliably, to produce a bootable xen image which can run under a hvm in such cases ? I tried clonezilla to make the image, to avoid the free space problem, but it failed to do the clone with "something went wrong" (useless info, i know). At the moment im looking at doing a dd of each partition, and a file level copy of the partition which is mostly empty, then creating a new virtual disk, copying the partitions over to it by mounting both the new image and the virtual drive on a second vm, then copying the boot sectors over, then copying the file level backup..... there must be an easier way ? Oh, and budget is $0. :)

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cruisecontrol.net failing build with no errors

- by John Hoge

Hi, I've been using CCNet for some time now but just upgraded to .net 4. I've installed the new framework on my dev box along with vs2010 and on my CC.net server as well. I've just installed CruiseControl.net version 1.5.6804.1, and changed my MSBuild tasks to point to the new v4.0.30319 framework directory. I've got two projects on .net 4 now that just don't build. They build perfectly well in VS and run well on both Cassini and IIS. I just don't get any error messages from cc.net, just this: BUILD FAILED Project: GoodBay Date of build: 2010-05-11 10:21:59 Running time: 00:00:02 Integration Request: Build (ForceBuild) triggered from SVN Modifications since last build (0)

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iMac boot from linux partition on external drive

- by user74757

I have the following "setup:" iMac (no internal drive/dead) --------- (Firewire) ------- [[MAC OS X]] | | | | (USB) | | | | [[MISC STORAGE PARTITION] [MISC STORAGE PARTITION] [EXT2 UBUNTU PARTITION]] I routinely use the firewire drive to boot MAC OS X. However, I would like to boot from the linux partition of the USB drive. This linux partition had linux installed on it from a live cd, and during that process, I told the installer to install GRUB on the usb drive (which happened to be /dev/sdd). My question is, how do I get this disk to show up during the iMac option-boot? Currently, only the firewire MAC OS X option shows up. I have read about rEFIT, but that appears to install it to the Mac OS X disk (would that still work?)... Also mentioned was installing rEFIT to the internal EFI system partition, but I don't know if that is wise.

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How do I easily elevate when running a .jar file?

- by Merlyn Morgan-Graham

When trying to run an installer Jar file, I am getting an error saying that write access is denied to create a directory under the Program Files folder. Right click - Run as Administrator is not available on Jar files (I assume because it is Java.exe that consumes them - they are not themselves treated as directly executable by the shell). What is the quickest and simplest way to run a .Jar file with elevation? I am evaluating this tool to recommend for our dev team, and they will manually install it on their boxes. I'd prefer an option that doesn't require them to type anything.

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How to resize the disk of a Fedora guest VM in VMWare ESXi

- by Cerin

How do I resize (specifically increase) the disk size of a Fedora guest VM running under VMWare ESXi 4.1? I have a Fedora 16 VM with an ext4 formatted disk, and I've increased its disk size using the vSphere client from 50GB to about 250GB. I rebooted the guest, and it correctly shows this size using fdisk -l /dev/sda. However, df -H still shows the old size. I've found a few KB articles explaining how to resize partitions for some flavors of Linux, but nothing for Fedora with ext4. That article seems to imply I have to create a completely new partition, and that I can't simply expand the existing partition. Using Gparted, it also prevents me from simply resizing the existing partition. Is this impossible to do under Linux?

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How to extract .raw backup of Windows to a partition?

- by JamerTheProgrammer

I have a backup of a Windows 7 drive (virtualbox install) made in .raw format and I want to extract it to my empty partition ready for Windows. Im using OSX. Any ideas? I have tried this: sudo dd if=/Volumes/DATA/bootcamp.raw of=/dev/disk0s6 Which works fine but when I reboot (im on a hackintosh so im using the Chameleon boot loader) I get the normal Chameleon boot menu but with an unknown GPT partition (thats what its called) and If I select that it says: Missing Operating system. Is the MBR broken on that partition?

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Why is hg fetch a deprecated extension? [closed]

- by Jan

Mercurial's fetch extenson conveniently pulls and merges from a remote repository. Recently, this feature has been deprecated by the developers. They recommend avoiding it and it is on the unloved features list. It is useful in many cases to be able to pull and initiate a merge with one command (which hg pull -u doesn't do). I assume there is a reason behind the deprecation but I haven't been able to find one in the documentation or online. What is the reason behind deprecating it? I'm not looking for opinions, but rather the factual reason behind its deprecation (which might be that the dev team's opinion is that it should not be used).

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Route eth0 to internet traffic and eth1 to local traffic

- by Romain Caire

How can I route all my internet traffic on eth0 (everything except 192.168.1.0/24) and route my local traffic through eth1 (192.168.1.0)? Here is my attempt : # Flush ALL THE THINGS. ip route flush table main # Restore the main table. I flushed it because OpenVPN does weird things to it. ip route add 127.0.0.0/8 via 127.0.0.1 dev lo ip route add 0.0.0.0/0 via 164.67.195.1 ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 ip route flush cache

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Best practice for ONLY allowing MySQL access to a server?

- by Calvin Froedge

Here's the use case: I have a SaaS system that was built (dev environment) on a single box. I've moved everything to a cloud environment running Ubuntu 10.10. One server runs the application, the other runs the database. The basic idea is that the server that runs the database should only be accessible by the application and the administrator's machine, who both have correct RSA keys. My question: Would it be better practice to use a firewall to block access to ALL ports except MySQL, or skip firewall / iptables and just disable all other services / ports completely? Furthermore, should I run MySQL on a non-standard port? This database will hold quite sensitive information and I want to make sure I'm doing everything possible to properly safeguard it. Thanks in advance. I've been reading here for a while but this is the first question that I've asked. I'll try to answer some as well = )

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How to pipe differently the body of the curl answer and the printed output?

- by Antoine Lizée

I would like to print in the command line some output of curl, like the http headers, followed by the body of the answer processed by a stdin/stdout program. For instance: Print the status code: curl -s -w "%{http_code} \\n" -o "/dev/null" http://myURL.com And then process the output with a json parsing tool: curl -s http://myURL.com | python -mjson.tool I would like to do both with one command, and I have the feeling that it may be possible thanks to the -o option that makes the difference between the output of curl and the actual answer from the query. The problem is that -o writes directly to a file. Somebody's got a hack?

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scp -q isn't quiet between different hosts

- by pythonic metaphor

So scp -q file host:file and scp -q host:file file are both quiet, i.e. don't give the progress meter. But when I run scp -q host1:file host2:file, I still get the progress meter as well as a Connection to host1 closed. message. The progress meter can be gotten rid of by redirected stdout to /dev/null (although I'd rather not have to), but the connection closed messages comes on stderr, which I definitely want to keep in case there's a real error. How can I make scp quiet? Do I have to run ssh host1 "scp -q file host2:file"?

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Why do I have no TTY on a basic Ubuntu 9.10 server install?

- by pr1001

I have reinstalled Ubuntu 9.10 Server several times on a bog standard 1RU server and each time I finish the install and reboot I see GRUB run and am then presented with a black screen. The machine is running just fine, as I am able to SSH in, but I can't see anything on the attached monitor. I have a simple LCD screen connected via VGA and a signal is apparently being output to it, as it doesn't go asleep. Looking at /var/log/syslog I see: Mar 24 14:57:44 bridge5 rsyslogd-2039: Could no open output file '/dev/xconsole' [try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2039 ] However, I later see: Mar 24 14:57:44 bridge5 kernel: [ 0.001368] console [tty0] enabled Any thoughts? Thanks!

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trouble connecting ups

- by Jure1873

I've got a riello UPS connected to my server through USB. The output from dmesg is: [1362998.520035] usb 2-2: new low speed USB device using uhci_hcd and address 7 [938715.763270] usb 2-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [1363008.726243] input: Ups Manufacturing RS232-USB converter as /class/input/input7 [1363008.749408] input: USB HID v1.00 Gamepad [Ups Manufacturing RS232-USB converter] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-2 Now the program for controlling the UPS is expecting me to input the device path (/dev/ttyUSB0), but it doesn't get created. What is /class/input/input7 and where is it? Do i have to install additional drivers?

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Xen Disk Performence Issues

- by user98651

I'm currently using Xen PV on CentOS 5 with my domU's as flat files running on a hardware RAID controlled (write cache enabled) formatted with XFS. On the dom0 I can get about 500MB/s in a 2GB dd write from /dev/zero however on the domU's I'm lucky if I get 10MB/s (it is usually around half that). I've tried changing the disk scheduling to NOOP on the domU's, changed some mount parameters and tweaked the performance allocations of both the dom0 (prioritize CPU) and domU's (increase RAM and VCPU allocations). None of these steps have produced any noticeable change in performance. My instinct here is that it is not a hardware problem, due to the solid performance of the dom0. Any ideas on what might be causing this problem? I'm considering moving to LVM based domU's.

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Can't open Paypal.com with Google Chrome

- by grunwald2.0

Currently I always get an error message (since one week!) trying to open the PayPal website with Google Chrome and I don't know why. FlashBlocker and AdBlockPlus are deactivated. v.20.0.1132.11 dev. Error message: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"> <html><head> <title>400 Bad Request</title> </head><body> <h1>Bad Request</h1> **<p>Your browser sent a request that this server could not understand.<br /> Size of a request header field exceeds server limit.<br />** <pre> Cookie: Apache=10.190.8.170.1302997118916547; (cookie body removed due to privacy reasons) </pre> </p> </body></html>

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X58 RAID 10 - Am I forced to use Sata2?

- by Avi

I'm building a new dev computer. It will be running a few VMWare Worksation virtual machines. I was advised on Serverfault to use Raid10 for performance. Raid 10 uses 4 disks. I contacted my supplier who suggested a gigabyte X58A motherboard and 4 Western Digital Caviar black 6Gb/s disks. I have checked the spec for the X58A board, however, and it says: SATA 3Gb/s: RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, and RAID 10 SATA 6Gb/s: RAID 0, and RAID 1. I'm losing half the bandwidth because I'm forced to use SATA2! What should I do?

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Kickstart Partitioning Configuration

- by Flo

I'be been trying to run a kickstart script with the following partition configuration: #Clear the masterboot record zerombr bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append=" rhgb crashkernel=auto quiet" # Set up the partitions/logical volumes/logical groups clearpart --all part /boot --fstype=ext4 --asprimary --size=512 --ondisk=sda part swap --size=2048 --fstype=swap --ondisk=sda part pv.01 --fstype=ext4 --grow --size=200 --ondisk=sda part pv.02 --fstype=ext4 --grow --size=200 --ondisk=sdb volgroup VolGroup pv.01 pv.02 --pesize=32768 logvol /opt --fstype=ext4 --name=opt.fs --vgname=VolGroup --size=40000 logvol / --fstype=ext4 --name=root.fs --vgname=VolGroup --size=78000 I have two hard drives and it looks to me like its a really simple configuration. When I run the kickstart I keep getting all these errors that have to do with python files for configuring partitions. The only actual maybe useful piece of information is KeyError /dev/sda/ I tried a number of alterations of this configuration but nothing really worked. Any ideas?

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Lost Page Write I/O Errors on CentOS LVM setup

- by Gregg Leventhal

I have a CentOS 6 box with LVM setup and one of the PVs is a USB disk (I know). One of them is getting the error: Oct 30 10:57:07 alpha01 kernel: lost page write due to I/O error on dm-3 Oct 30 10:57:07 alpha01 kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-3, logical block 4 Which is causing problems with all of the LVs on it. pvs shows the PV as unknown device. I can ls to the logical volumes and they show up in lvdisplay, but first I get a bunch of IO errors. I made sure the cables are secure between the USB drive. What should I do to get this back up and running for the meanwhile? Should I unmount each LV and run an fsck.ext4 on each one like fsck.ext4 -y /dev/vg1/lv_logvolname ?

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How to set which IP to use for a HTTP request?

- by GetFree

This is probably a silly question. I'm doing some http requests using wget from the command line, and I want those connections to be made through one specific IP of the 4 IPs my server has. Those http requests go to one specific range of IPs so I only want those to be routed differently. The 4 interfaces in my server are eth0, eth0:0, eth0:1, eth0:2. I tried with the following command: route add -net 192.164.10.0/24 dev eth0:0 But when I see the routing table it says: Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 192.164.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 The interface is set to eth0 not eth0:0 as my command says. What am I doing wrong?

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Cloning OpenVZ container

- by Tiffany Walker

I have an OpenVZ container on 1 host and I would like to clone it over to my server. both run SolusVM. I only have root access to my server and would like to host the container on my server now. Can I use rsync to clone the drive while the OS is running on both? Using a command like this: rsync -uazPx --exclude='/boot' --exclude='/proc' --exclude='/dev' --exclude='/lib' --exclude='/tmp' --exclude='/var/lock' / [email protected]:/ Is there any other areas I should probably not copy over?

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Can spell checking be disabled by default on OS X?

- by Lri

Is there some way I could disable continuous spell checking or other settings in the substitutions menu by default? System Preferences only has an option to disable autocorrect. defaults write -g CheckSpellingWhileTyping -bool false would be overridden by keys on the property lists of applications. This would only apply to applications that have been used before: #!/bin/bash for d in $(defaults domains | tr -d ,); do osascript -e "app id \"$d\"" > /dev/null 2>&1 [ $? == 1 ] && continue echo $d defaults write $d CheckSpellingWhileTyping -bool false defaults write $d SmartDashes -bool false defaults write $d SmartLinks -bool false defaults write $d SmartQuotes -bool false defaults write $d SmartCopyPaste -bool false defaults write $d TextReplacement -bool false done

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