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• The Winds of Change are a Blowin&rsquo;

  - by Ajarn Mark Caldwell

  For six years I have been an avid and outspoken fan and paying customer of SourceGear products…from Vault to Dragnet to Fortress and on to Vault Professional, but that is all changing now.  Not the fan part, but the paying customer part.  I’m still a huge fan.  I think that SourceGear does a great job with their product and support has been fantastic when needed (which is not very often).  I think that Eric Sink has done a fine job building a quality company and products, and I appreciate his contributions to the tech community through this blogging and books.  I still think their products are high quality and do a fantastic job of what they do.  But there’s the rub…what they do is no longer enough for me. As I have rebuilt our development team over the last couple of years, and we have begun to investigate Scrum and Kanban, I realize that I need more visibility into the progress of the team.  I need better project management tools, and this is where Vault Professional lags behind several other tools.  Granted, in the latest release (Vault 6.0) they added a nice time tracking feature, but I want more.  (Note, I did contact SourceGear about my quest for more, but apparently, the rest of their customer base has not been clamoring for this and so they have not built it.  Granted, I wasn’t clamoring for it either until just recently, but unfortunately for SourceGear, I want it now and don’t want to wait for them to build it into their system.) Ironically, it was SourceGear themselves who started to turn me on to the possibilities of other tools.  They built a limited integration with Axosoft OnTime which I read about several times on their support site (I used to regularly read and occasionally comment on their Support Forum).  I decided to check out OnTime and was very impressed with the tool for work item tracking and project management (not to mention their great Scrum Master in 10 Minutes video).  I fell in love with the capabilities of OnTime.  Unfortunately, the integration with Vault for source control management was, as I mentioned, limited.  I could have forfeited the integration between work items and source code, but there is too much benefit to linking check-ins to work items for me to give that up.  So then I did what was previously unthinkable for me, I considered switching not just the work tracking tool, but also the source code management tool.  This was really stepping outside my comfort zone because source code is Gold, and not to be trifled with.  When you find a good weapon to protect your gold, stick with it. I looked at Git and Tortoise SVN, but the integration methods for those was pretty rough compared to what I was used to.  The recommended tool from Axosoft’s point of view appeared to be RocketSVN, but I really wasn’t sure I wanted to go the “flavor of Subversion” route.  Then I started thinking about that other tool I liked back when I first chose to go with Vault, but couldn’t afford:  Team Foundation Server.  And what do you know…Microsoft has not only radically improved it over that version from back in 2006, but they also came to their senses about how it should be licensed, and it is much more affordable now.  So I started looking into the latest capabilities in the 2012 version, and I fell in love all over again. I really went deep on checking out the tools.  I watched numerous webcasts from Microsoft partners, went to a beta preview on Microsoft’s campus, and watched a lot of Channel 9 videos on the new ALM features (oooh…shiny).  Frankly, I was very impressed with the capabilities of the newest version, and figured this was probably our direction.  As an interesting twist of fate, one of my employees crossed paths with an ALM Consultant from Northwest Cadence, a local Microsoft Partner, and one of the companies that produced several of the webcasts that I had been watching.  So I gave Bryon a call and started grilling him to see if he really knew anything or was just another guy who couldn’t find a job so he called himself a consultant.  It turns out Bryon actually knows a lot, especially in an area that was becoming a frustration point for us: Branching strategies and automated builds (that’s probably a whole separate blog entry).  As we talked, Bryon suggested we look into doing a DTDPS (Developer Tools Deployment Planning Services) session with his company.  This is a service that can be paid for by Microsoft Enterprise Agreement planning services credits or SA training benefits, and, again, coincidentally, we had several that were just about to expire, so I put them to good use. The DTDPS sessions were great; and Bryon, Rick, and the rest of the folks at Northwest Cadence have been a pleasure to work with.  We have just purchased a new server for our TFS rollout and are planning the steps and options right now.  This is still a big project ahead of us to not only install and configure TFS, but also to load all of our source code (many different systems, not just one program) and transition to the new way of life with TFS, but I am convinced that it is the right move for my team at this point in time.  We need the new capabilities that are in alignment with Scrum and Kanban methodologies in order to more efficiently manage all the different projects that we have going on at one time. I would still wholeheartedly endorse SourceGear’s products and Axosoft’s OnTime for those whose needs are met by those tools, but for me and my team, I think that TFS is the right fit, and I am looking forward to the change.

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• The Year 2010, The Year of Change

  As I look back on the year of 2010, I could have never predicted the wonderful changes that have occurred for my wife and me. The beginning of this year started out as the 9th year that we lived in South Florida, and my fourth year working for DentalPlans.com as a software engineer/network admin. About 3 months in to the year I was given an excellent opportunity to work for MovieTickets.com in the software engineering department. This opportunity allowed me to gain experience with jQuery due to one of my projects was to reengineering MovieTickets.com existing Marketing Panel System. About 3 months after working at MovieTickets.com, my wife and I were offered an opportunity of a life time. I was offered a Job in a large background\information security company located in Nashville, TN as software engineer II.  I must note that after living in South Florida for 9 years, my wife and I really had a strong distaste for the South Florida life style and the general attitude/culture of the area. Even though we shared a strong dislike for the area in which we lived I must admit that it was a tough decision to leave MovieTickets.com because I was really doing well and I made some great new friends like Chris Catto, and Tyson Nero.  In fact, they introduced me to Local Microsoft User Groups, and software development podcast like DotNetRocks.com and Hanselminutes.com.  In addition, we also went to my first Microsoft launch down in Miami for Visual Studios 2010. I must admit it was a cool experience.  I truly hope to keep in touch with them to see how their careers grow, and I know they will. I must admit I was nervous and excited to start the next chapter in our live as I started up the 26 foot U-Haul truck and got on the road for Nashville from Boca Raton. I knew that the change was going to lead to new adventures and new opportunities that I could never imagine.  As we pulled in to the long driveway of our rental house, we knew that this was the right place for my wife and I. Natalie, my wife had actually come up to Nashville and within one week of my job offer had set up a nice rental home for us to restart our lives in TN.  I must admit that the wonderful southern hospitality took a bit to get use to due to the type of people we were used to dealing with on a regular basis. Our first 2 months seemed like we were living a dream because of our new area and the wonderful people we live around. So far my new job is going really well and I really like the people on my team and department. In fact after 6 months I am now in charge of all application builds for our new deployment process. I am also leading up a push for setting up of continuous integration within our new build process.  In addition to starting my new job, I was also offered a position as an adjust instructor at ITT Tech teaching course like VB.net, Java Script, Ajax, and database development. So far I have really like teaching at the college level.  Information technology has really been great for my life so I am really glad to be able to give back. That is actually why I started DotNetBlocks. This site allows me to document things I have learned as I work with technology, and allows others to borrow from my experiences.  I hope that this site can help others as others have helped me get where I am. Finally, I am glade to report that I only have 4 classes left for my master’s degree at Capella University. I am proud to announce that I am still on track to graduate with 3.91 GPA.  This last class was really a test because I had a crazy idea that I could work full time as a software engineer, teach two college courses as a first time teacher and also take an advanced masters class in application architecture. I have no idea how I actually survived, but I am really surprised how well I actually did. I was invited back to reach again at ITT Tech, and I passed my masters class with an “A”.  I have decided to take this next term off from my master’s program so that I do not get burned out.  Also, so that my new current employer will pay for more of my education, tuition reimbursement is an awesome benefit. This was my year 2010, how was yours?

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• Changing default openVPN IP in linux server

  - by Lamboo

  The problem is that we have a public OpenVPN service. Pay €9.95 and you get an OpenVPN account at currently half a dozen of servers for a month. This means there are always and will always be some people who create a certain amount of abuse or trouble. On the long run, the external IP every OpenVPN user gets assigned is prohibited from editing Wikipedia, it might be banned by e-gold and on some popular webforums, one-click-hosters, etc. Not a pleasant experience for the 97% of our customers who use our service responsibly and legitimately to regain their privacy. So even if I could change the assigned external IP every few months; e. g. from 216.xx.xx.164 to 216.xx.xx.170, it would help us a lot to combat this abuse and to provide our paying clients with "fresh" IP addresses that aren't banned or restricted on some popular Internet sites and services, yet. Does anybody know how to change the first IP address assigned to the public interface in CentOS? So that e.g. OpenVPN in future doesn't give our OpenVPN clients the external IP 123.xx.xx.164 but rather 123.xx.xx.170?

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• C# Performance Pitfall – Interop Scenarios Change the Rules

  - by Reed

  C# and .NET, overall, really do have fantastic performance in my opinion.  That being said, the performance characteristics dramatically differ from native programming, and take some relearning if you’re used to doing performance optimization in most other languages, especially C, C++, and similar.  However, there are times when revisiting tricks learned in native code play a critical role in performance optimization in C#. I recently ran across a nasty scenario that illustrated to me how dangerous following any fixed rules for optimization can be… The rules in C# when optimizing code are very different than C or C++.  Often, they’re exactly backwards.  For example, in C and C++, lifting a variable out of loops in order to avoid memory allocations often can have huge advantages.  If some function within a call graph is allocating memory dynamically, and that gets called in a loop, it can dramatically slow down a routine. This can be a tricky bottleneck to track down, even with a profiler.  Looking at the memory allocation graph is usually the key for spotting this routine, as it’s often “hidden” deep in call graph.  For example, while optimizing some of my scientific routines, I ran into a situation where I had a loop similar to: for (i=0; i<numberToProcess; ++i) { // Do some work ProcessElement(element[i]); } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } This loop was at a fairly high level in the call graph, and often could take many hours to complete, depending on the input data.  As such, any performance optimization we could achieve would be greatly appreciated by our users. After a fair bit of profiling, I noticed that a couple of function calls down the call graph (inside of ProcessElement), there was some code that effectively was doing: // Allocate some data required DataStructure* data = new DataStructure(num); // Call into a subroutine that passed around and manipulated this data highly CallSubroutine(data); // Read and use some values from here double values = data->Foo; // Cleanup delete data; // ... return bar; Normally, if “DataStructure” was a simple data type, I could just allocate it on the stack.  However, it’s constructor, internally, allocated it’s own memory using new, so this wouldn’t eliminate the problem.  In this case, however, I could change the call signatures to allow the pointer to the data structure to be passed into ProcessElement and through the call graph, allowing the inner routine to reuse the same “data” memory instead of allocating.  At the highest level, my code effectively changed to something like: DataStructure* data = new DataStructure(numberToProcess); for (i=0; i<numberToProcess; ++i) { // Do some work ProcessElement(element[i], data); } delete data; Granted, this dramatically reduced the maintainability of the code, so it wasn’t something I wanted to do unless there was a significant benefit.  In this case, after profiling the new version, I found that it increased the overall performance dramatically – my main test case went from 35 minutes runtime down to 21 minutes.  This was such a significant improvement, I felt it was worth the reduction in maintainability. In C and C++, it’s generally a good idea (for performance) to: Reduce the number of memory allocations as much as possible, Use fewer, larger memory allocations instead of many smaller ones, and Allocate as high up the call stack as possible, and reuse memory I’ve seen many people try to make similar optimizations in C# code.  For good or bad, this is typically not a good idea.  The garbage collector in .NET completely changes the rules here. In C#, reallocating memory in a loop is not always a bad idea.  In this scenario, for example, I may have been much better off leaving the original code alone.  The reason for this is the garbage collector.  The GC in .NET is incredibly effective, and leaving the allocation deep inside the call stack has some huge advantages.  First and foremost, it tends to make the code more maintainable – passing around object references tends to couple the methods together more than necessary, and overall increase the complexity of the code.  This is something that should be avoided unless there is a significant reason.  Second, (unlike C and C++) memory allocation of a single object in C# is normally cheap and fast.  Finally, and most critically, there is a large advantage to having short lived objects.  If you lift a variable out of the loop and reuse the memory, its much more likely that object will get promoted to Gen1 (or worse, Gen2).  This can cause expensive compaction operations to be required, and also lead to (at least temporary) memory fragmentation as well as more costly collections later. As such, I’ve found that it’s often (though not always) faster to leave memory allocations where you’d naturally place them – deep inside of the call graph, inside of the loops.  This causes the objects to stay very short lived, which in turn increases the efficiency of the garbage collector, and can dramatically improve the overall performance of the routine as a whole. In C#, I tend to: Keep variable declarations in the tightest scope possible Declare and allocate objects at usage While this tends to cause some of the same goals (reducing unnecessary allocations, etc), the goal here is a bit different – it’s about keeping the objects rooted for as little time as possible in order to (attempt) to keep them completely in Gen0, or worst case, Gen1.  It also has the huge advantage of keeping the code very maintainable – objects are used and “released” as soon as possible, which keeps the code very clean.  It does, however, often have the side effect of causing more allocations to occur, but keeping the objects rooted for a much shorter time. Now – nowhere here am I suggesting that these rules are hard, fast rules that are always true.  That being said, my time spent optimizing over the years encourages me to naturally write code that follows the above guidelines, then profile and adjust as necessary.  In my current project, however, I ran across one of those nasty little pitfalls that’s something to keep in mind – interop changes the rules. In this case, I was dealing with an API that, internally, used some COM objects.  In this case, these COM objects were leading to native allocations (most likely C++) occurring in a loop deep in my call graph.  Even though I was writing nice, clean managed code, the normal managed code rules for performance no longer apply.  After profiling to find the bottleneck in my code, I realized that my inner loop, a innocuous looking block of C# code, was effectively causing a set of native memory allocations in every iteration.  This required going back to a “native programming” mindset for optimization.  Lifting these variables and reusing them took a 1:10 routine down to 0:20 – again, a very worthwhile improvement. Overall, the lessons here are: Always profile if you suspect a performance problem – don’t assume any rule is correct, or any code is efficient just because it looks like it should be Remember to check memory allocations when profiling, not just CPU cycles Interop scenarios often cause managed code to act very differently than “normal” managed code. Native code can be hidden very cleverly inside of managed wrappers

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• Missing "log on to" field in Windows 2008 password change dialog

  - by Dmitri Chubarov

  I have to setup an embedded standalone CIFS server outside of domain environment. I shall refer to the server as storage_gateway. The default password setting for the Administrator account is Password must be changed. Until Administrator password is changed other local accounts are disabled. While the server is on default password connecting to a share causes fails with NT_STATUS_PASSWORD_MUST_CHANGE error. $ smbclient -L //storage_gateway -U Administrator session setup failed: NT_STATUS_PASSWORD_MUST_CHANGE I have a mixed Linux/Windows environment and prefer smbclient for diagnostics. To change the password in Windows 2003 Server I could press CTRL-ALT-DEL to get into the Windows Security window and change password for the remote server specifying the server name or ip address (xx.xx.xx.xx) in the system password change dialog. (the name root is just an example, I have edited the dialogs to translate them) However in Windows 2008 the corresponding dialog lacks the Log on to field. Is there a way to change a remote password in Windows 2008 Server/Windows 7?

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• Change the on-screen keyboard key size?

  - by stukelly

  Is it possible to change the key size on the on-screen keyboard included with Windows XP? I find it really difficult to use on a touch screen, when there is no keyboard available. I know you can the change the font size, but this does not change the key size.

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• over Windows terminal change cursor width or color in Vim depending on mode

  - by INTPnerd

  I am using PuTTY to connect over SSH to an Ubuntu server from my Windows 7 workstation. Once connected I am using the Vim installation from the Ubuntu server to edit files. I want the cursor to change when I go into and out of insert mode. Part of my .vimrc file is like this but it is not changing the cursor: if &term =~ "xterm" echo "xTerm!!inate!" let &t_SI = "\<Esc>]12;purple\x7" let &t_EI = "\<Esc>]12;blue\x7" endif I know that the if statement is executing because of the echo. EDIT: Actually I would prefer to change the cursor to be a vertical line like you can in the PuTTY settings rather than change the color, or maybe even do both. But just changing the color would be a lot better than nothing. Also I am willing to change terminals if there is another Windows 7 Professionsal 64 bit compatible terminal that can do this (preferably something free). Maybe Poderosa can do this?

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• How to change the sender of admin mails on a Linux server

  - by Cédric Girard

  Hi, I am sure it is a dumb question, but I want to change the sender of mails sended by my Linux server (centos 5). All mails sent to user "dev" are forwarded via a /home/dev/.forward file, with this sender : [email protected]. host.mydomain.fr is the hostname of this server, but it's an internal server and it does not even have a public IP. How to have a sender like [email protected]? I try to change the "official domain name" (line begining by "Dj" but it change nothing). Regards Cédric

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• Win8 Change A Password

  - by Thomas

  I have a non-domain machine that I use with our company's domain resources regularly. I upgraded to Windows 8, and the "Change a password" option went away from the Ctrl-Alt-Del window. Can't seem to google anything about this subject, or find a way to access that password change dialog. I tried running the .reg file from http://www.sevenforums.com/tutorials/63014-ctrl-alt-del-screen-add-remove-change-password.html with no luck. I also tried to Disable "Remove Change Password" via gpedit.msc. I could do it from my domain laptop, but I like to do it on this machine because it updates all my saved copies of those credentials. My local account is tied to my hotmail account if that matters.

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• How to Change the Libraries icon pinned to Taskbar in Windows 7

  - by Jagannath

  Some time back I changed the default libraries icon on Taskbar to "Computer" icon. I had to format the PC and now I looks like the I forgot the procedure to change the icon. I tried changing the Libraries icon in %userprofile%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows. That did not change the icon on the taskbar. What should I be doing to change the icon?

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• HP Rapid Deployment - Change Data Store Path

  - by David Carreyette

  I am running HP Rapid Deployment (Altiris eXpress Deployment Server 6.9 - Build 164) on an inherited Windows Server 2003 SP2. I need to change the Data Store Path as the default is pointing to the C: drive and there is not enough space there. I would like to set it to the D: drive where there is plenty of space. Reading the documentation: Data store path: Specifies the path to stored packages and files and other DS functions (such as license verification). The default path is C:\Program files\Altiris\express\Deployment Server. Note: Do not use this setting to change the path to the Deployment Share. Modifying this setting does not automatically allow you to use another shared directory other than the express share. To change the Deployment Share shared directory, run a Custom install to establish another location for the Deployment Share. Is there any other way I can change the path as I do not have the install media?

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• User not able to change permissions on folder in network share for Windows Server 2003

  - by Ishmael

  I have a user that has rights to change permissions within a certain folder on a Windows Server 2003 network share. Although I grant this person the rights to change permission and ownership this person cannot change any permissions. The network share is also set to allow everyone full control. (I understand it is bad practice yet this is how it was first configured) Is there any reason why this domain user cannot modify permissions on the folder and files they create?

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• Any free tool to change color of an image

  - by n179911

  HI, Is there any tool which can easily change color of an image? I heard of gimp. But I can't figure out how to use it to change color of an image (e.g. change the color from white to blue).

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• Excel: Change all cells with one character to something else

  - by Allan

  Is there a formula I can use that will change all cells with one character to something else? For example, I have cells with single letters and no matter what the letter is I want that cell to contain the word Member. More Info: I get spreadsheets that contain, up to 40,000 rows. Column B will have names in the cells. Every once in a while a column will just have an initial instead of a full name. I'm looking for a way to change every single cell containing only one single character to the word "Member." The cells that need to change could be any letter but no matter what that letter is, if it's just a single letter in a cell, it needs to change to the word "Member."

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• Change A Password

  - by Thomas

  I have a non-domain machine that I use with our company's domain resources over vpn regularly. I switched to Windows 8 (fresh install), and the "Change a password" option went away from the Ctrl-Alt-Del window. Can't seem to google anything about this subject, or find a way to access that password change dialog. I tried running the .reg file from http://www.sevenforums.com/tutorials/63014-ctrl-alt-del-screen-add-remove-change-password.html with no luck. I also tried to Disable "Remove Change Password" via gpedit.msc. I could do it from my domain laptop, but I like to do it on this machine because it updates all my saved copies of those credentials. My local account is tied to my hotmail account if that matters. Updates: Administrator account. I apologize for stating this was an upgrade, it was a fresh install to a diff't drive. 64-bit Pro install. Bounty's almost up If someone can just confirm that the Change A Password... should or should not be present on a non-domain, Live tied, Win8 install, I'll be satisfied that I can or cannot expect to fix it.

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• Change the starting day in Vista's Calendar Gadget

  - by Michael

  I have a problem with the calendar gadget in Vista. The starting day is Sunday, but I would like to change it to Monday. I have checked some forums which points me in the direction that: Change the Regional Settings in ControlPanel to your local region Change the register key HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Control Panel/International/iFirstDayOfWeek to 0 Both of these are already correct, so it didn't help me.. Does anyone else have a suggestions?

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• VB script + change word in VB script on text file

  - by yael

  how to change word in text file by VB script (like sed in unix)

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• Excel: link value once, then prevent change

  - by user1832164

  For some budgeting spreadsheets I'm working on, I'd like to link each month to a value (in this case, a percentage). However, if the original percentage is changed I ONLY want to change values going forward. For example, let's say item one is budgeted at 10%, so each month reflects 10% of the total (which changes every month). If I decide to change that to 12% going forward, I don't want the previously linked values to also change from 10 to 12% (and throw off lots of other numbers). My thought was to have a check box where if I placed an x, the values would be locked to the value at the time of placing the x and no longer change. Is this possible? I know there are options for doing a paste special, but I'm creating this spreadsheet for someone who is not very Excel savvy, so I want it to be as seamless as possible. Many thanks.

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• C#/.NET Little Wonders: Use Cast() and TypeOf() to Change Sequence Type

  - by James Michael Hare

  Once again, in this series of posts I look at the parts of the .NET Framework that may seem trivial, but can help improve your code by making it easier to write and maintain. The index of all my past little wonders posts can be found here. We’ve seen how the Select() extension method lets you project a sequence from one type to a new type which is handy for getting just parts of items, or building new items.  But what happens when the items in the sequence are already the type you want, but the sequence itself is typed to an interface or super-type instead of the sub-type you need? For example, you may have a sequence of Rectangle stored in an IEnumerable<Shape> and want to consider it an IEnumerable<Rectangle> sequence instead.  Today we’ll look at two handy extension methods, Cast<TResult>() and OfType<TResult>() which help you with this task. Cast<TResult>() – Attempt to cast all items to type TResult So, the first thing we can do would be to attempt to create a sequence of TResult from every item in the source sequence.  Typically we’d do this if we had an IEnumerable<T> where we knew that every item was actually a TResult where TResult inherits/implements T. For example, assume the typical Shape example classes: 1: // abstract base class 2: public abstract class Shape { } 3:  4: // a basic rectangle 5: public class Rectangle : Shape 6: { 7: public int Widtgh { get; set; } 8: public int Height { get; set; } 9: } And let’s assume we have a sequence of Shape where every Shape is a Rectangle… 1: var shapes = new List<Shape> 2: { 3: new Rectangle { Width = 3, Height = 5 }, 4: new Rectangle { Width = 10, Height = 13 }, 5: // ... 6: }; To get the sequence of Shape as a sequence of Rectangle, of course, we could use a Select() clause, such as: 1: // select each Shape, cast it to Rectangle 2: var rectangles = shapes 3: .Select(s => (Rectangle)s) 4: .ToList(); But that’s a bit verbose, and fortunately there is already a facility built in and ready to use in the form of the Cast<TResult>() extension method: 1: // cast each item to Rectangle and store in a List<Rectangle> 2: var rectangles = shapes 3: .Cast<Rectangle>() 4: .ToList(); However, we should note that if anything in the list cannot be cast to a Rectangle, you will get an InvalidCastException thrown at runtime.  Thus, if our Shape sequence had a Circle in it, the call to Cast<Rectangle>() would have failed.  As such, you should only do this when you are reasonably sure of what the sequence actually contains (or are willing to handle an exception if you’re wrong). Another handy use of Cast<TResult>() is using it to convert an IEnumerable to an IEnumerable<T>.  If you look at the signature, you’ll see that the Cast<TResult>() extension method actually extends the older, object-based IEnumerable interface instead of the newer, generic IEnumerable<T>.  This is your gateway method for being able to use LINQ on older, non-generic sequences.  For example, consider the following: 1: // the older, non-generic collections are sequence of object 2: var shapes = new ArrayList 3: { 4: new Rectangle { Width = 3, Height = 13 }, 5: new Rectangle { Width = 10, Height = 20 }, 6: // ... 7: }; Since this is an older, object based collection, we cannot use the LINQ extension methods on it directly.  For example, if I wanted to query the Shape sequence for only those Rectangles whose Width is > 5, I can’t do this: 1: // compiler error, Where() operates on IEnumerable<T>, not IEnumerable 2: var bigRectangles = shapes.Where(r => r.Width > 5); However, I can use Cast<Rectangle>() to treat my ArrayList as an IEnumerable<Rectangle> and then do the query! 1: // ah, that’s better! 2: var bigRectangles = shapes.Cast<Rectangle>().Where(r => r.Width > 5); Or, if you prefer, in LINQ query expression syntax: 1: var bigRectangles = from s in shapes.Cast<Rectangle>() 2: where s.Width > 5 3: select s; One quick warning: Cast<TResult>() only attempts to cast, it won’t perform a cast conversion.  That is, consider this: 1: var intList = new List<int> { 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89 }; 2:  3: // casting ints to longs, this should work, right? 4: var asLong = intList.Cast<long>().ToList(); Will the code above work?  No, you’ll get a InvalidCastException. Remember that Cast<TResult>() is an extension of IEnumerable, thus it is a sequence of object, which means that it will box every int as an object as it enumerates over it, and there is no cast conversion from object to long, and thus the cast fails.  In other words, a cast from int to long will succeed because there is a conversion from int to long.  But a cast from int to object to long will not, because you can only unbox an item by casting it to its exact type. For more information on why cast-converting boxed values doesn’t work, see this post on The Dangers of Casting Boxed Values (here). OfType<TResult>() – Filter sequence to only items of type TResult So, we’ve seen how we can use Cast<TResult>() to change the type of our sequence, when we expect all the items of the sequence to be of a specific type.  But what do we do when a sequence contains many different types, and we are only concerned with a subset of a given type? For example, what if a sequence of Shape contains Rectangle and Circle instances, and we just want to select all of the Rectangle instances?  Well, let’s say we had this sequence of Shape: 1: var shapes = new List<Shape> 2: { 3: new Rectangle { Width = 3, Height = 5 }, 4: new Rectangle { Width = 10, Height = 13 }, 5: new Circle { Radius = 10 }, 6: new Square { Side = 13 }, 7: // ... 8: }; Well, we could get the rectangles using Select(), like: 1: var onlyRectangles = shapes.Where(s => s is Rectangle).ToList(); But fortunately, an easier way has already been written for us in the form of the OfType<T>() extension method: 1: // returns only a sequence of the shapes that are Rectangles 2: var onlyRectangles = shapes.OfType<Rectangle>().ToList(); Now we have a sequence of only the Rectangles in the original sequence, we can also use this to chain other queries that depend on Rectangles, such as: 1: // select only Rectangles, then filter to only those more than 2: // 5 units wide... 3: var onlyBigRectangles = shapes.OfType<Rectangle>() 4: .Where(r => r.Width > 5) 5: .ToList(); The OfType<Rectangle>() will filter the sequence to only the items that are of type Rectangle (or a subclass of it), and that results in an IEnumerable<Rectangle>, we can then apply the other LINQ extension methods to query that list further. Just as Cast<TResult>() is an extension method on IEnumerable (and not IEnumerable<T>), the same is true for OfType<T>().  This means that you can use OfType<TResult>() on object-based collections as well. For example, given an ArrayList containing Shapes, as below: 1: // object-based collections are a sequence of object 2: var shapes = new ArrayList 3: { 4: new Rectangle { Width = 3, Height = 5 }, 5: new Rectangle { Width = 10, Height = 13 }, 6: new Circle { Radius = 10 }, 7: new Square { Side = 13 }, 8: // ... 9: }; We can use OfType<Rectangle> to filter the sequence to only Rectangle items (and subclasses), and then chain other LINQ expressions, since we will then be of type IEnumerable<Rectangle>: 1: // OfType() converts the sequence of object to a new sequence 2: // containing only Rectangle or sub-types of Rectangle. 3: var onlyBigRectangles = shapes.OfType<Rectangle>() 4: .Where(r => r.Width > 5) 5: .ToList(); Summary So now we’ve seen two different ways to get a sequence of a superclass or interface down to a more specific sequence of a subclass or implementation.  The Cast<TResult>() method casts every item in the source sequence to type TResult, and the OfType<TResult>() method selects only those items in the source sequence that are of type TResult. You can use these to downcast sequences, or adapt older types and sequences that only implement IEnumerable (such as DataTable, ArrayList, etc.). Technorati Tags: C#,CSharp,.NET,LINQ,Little Wonders,TypeOf,Cast,IEnumerable<T>

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• How do you work out the IIS Virtual Path for an application?

  - by joshcomley

  When I try to change the ASP.NET version to v4 on IIS 6, I receive the following warning: Changing the Framework version requires a restart of the W3SVC service. Alternatively, you can change the Framework version without restarting the W3SVC service by running: aspnet_regiis.exe -norestart -s IIS-Viirtual-Path Do you want to continue (this will change the Framework version and restart the W3SVC service)? How do I work out IIS-Virtual-Path? I have tried the obvious paths i.e.: aspnet_regiis.exe -norestart -s "/WebSites/Extranet/AppName" Where WebSites is the name of the folder in IIS, Extranet the name of the root app and AppName the name of the Virtual Directory application I am trying to change. Thanks! Edit: How do I work out the virtual path for the Auth virtual directory in following IIS6 setup: I have tried: aspnet_regiis.exe -norestart -s "/Web Sites/Extranet/Auth" aspnet_regiis.exe -norestart -s "Auth" I get: Installation stopped because the specified path (WhateverIPutIn) is invalid.

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• Change the default Icon on your jQuery UI Accordion

  - by hajan

  I've got this question in one of my previous blogs posted here (the same blog is posted on codeasp.net too), dealing with jQuery UI Accordion and I thought it's nice to recap this in a blog post so that I will have it documented for further reference. In the previous blog, I'm creating tabs content navigation using jQuery UI Accordion. So, it's quite simple code and all I do there is calling accordion() function. <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">     $(function() {         $("#products").accordion();     }); </script> The default image icons for each item is the arrow. The accordion uses the right arrow and down arrow images. So, what we should do in order to change them? JQuery UI Accordion contains option with name icons that has header and headerSelected properties. We can override them with either the existing classes from jQuery UI themes or with our own. 1. Using existing jQuery UI Theme classes - Open the follownig link: http://jqueryui.com/themeroller/#icons You will see the icons available in the jQuery UI theme. Mouse over on each icon and you will see the class name for each icon. As you can see, each icon has class name constructed in the following way: ui-icon-<name> All icons in one image - In our example, I will use ui-icon-circle-plus  and ui-icon-circle-minus (plus and minus icons). - Lets set the icons <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">     $(function() {         //initialize accordion                 $("#products").accordion();         //set accordion header options         $("#products").accordion("option", "icons",         { 'header': 'ui-icon-circle-plus', 'headerSelected': 'ui-icon-circle-minus' });     }); </script> From the code above, you can see that I first intialize the accordion plugin, and after I override the default icons with the ui-icon-circle-plyus for header and ui-icon-circle-minus for headerSelected. Here is the end result: So, now you see we have the plus/minus circle icons for the default header state and the selected header state.   2. Add my own icons - If you want to add your own icons, you can do that by creating your own custom css classes. - Lets create classes for both, the header default state and header selected state <style type="text/css">     .defaultIcon     {         background-image: url(images/icons/defaultIcon.png) !important;         width: 25px;         height: 25px;     }     .selectedIcon     {         background-image: url(images/icons/selectedIcon.png) !important;         width: 25px;         height: 25px;     } </style> As you can see, I use my own images placed in images/icons/ folder - default icon - selected icon One very important thing to note here is the !important key added on each background-image property. It's like that in order to give highest importancy to our image so that the default jQuery UI theme icon images will have less importancy and won't be used. And the jQuery code is: <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">     $(function() {         //initialize accordion                 $("#products").accordion();         //set accordion header options         $("#products").accordion("option", "icons",         { 'header': 'defaultIcon', 'headerSelected': 'selectedIcon' });     }); </script> Note: For both #1 and #2 cases, we use the class names without adding . (dot) at the beginning of the name (as we do with selectors). That's because the the header and headerSelected properties accept classes only as a value, so the rest is done by the plugin itself. The complete code with my own custom images is: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head id="Head1" runat="server">     <title>jQuery Accordion</title>     <link type="text/css" href="http://ajax.microsoft.com/ajax/jquery.ui/1.8.5/themes/blitzer/jquery-ui.css"         rel="Stylesheet" />     <style type="text/css">         .defaultIcon         {             background-image: url(images/icons/defaultIcon.png) !important;             width: 25px;             height: 25px;         }         .selectedIcon         {             background-image: url(images/icons/selectedIcon.png) !important;             width: 25px;             height: 25px;         }     </style>     <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery/jquery-1.4.4.js"></script>     <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.ui/1.8.6/jquery-ui.js"></script>     <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">         $(function() {             //initialize accordion                         $("#products").accordion();             //set accordion header options             $("#products").accordion("option", "icons",             { 'header': 'defaultIcon', 'headerSelected': 'selectedIcon' });         });             </script> </head> <body>     <form id="form1" runat="server">     <div id="products" style="width: 500px;">         <h3>             <a href="#">                 Product 1</a></h3>         <div>             <p>                 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Phasellus in tortor metus,                 a aliquam dui. Mauris euismod lorem eget nulla semper semper. Vestibulum pretium                 rhoncus cursus. Vestibulum rhoncus, magna sit amet fermentum fringilla, nunc nisl                 pellentesque libero, nec commodo libero ipsum a tellus. Maecenas sed varius est.                 Sed vel risus at nisi imperdiet sollicitudin eget ac orci. Duis ac tristique sem.             </p>         </div>         <h3>             <a href="#">                 Product 2</a></h3>         <div>             <p>                 Aliquam pretium scelerisque nisl in malesuada. Proin dictum elementum rutrum. Etiam                 eleifend massa id dui porta tincidunt. Integer sodales nisi nec ligula lacinia tincidunt                 vel in purus. Mauris ultrices velit quis massa dignissim rhoncus. Proin posuere                 convallis euismod. Vestibulum convallis sagittis arcu id faucibus.             </p>         </div>         <h3>             <a href="#">                 Product 3</a></h3>         <div>             <p>                 Quisque quis magna id nibh laoreet condimentum a sed nisl. In hac habitasse platea                 dictumst. Proin sem eros, dignissim sed consequat sit amet, interdum id ante. Ut                 id nisi in ante fermentum accumsan vitae ut est. Morbi tellus enim, convallis ac                 rutrum a, condimentum ut turpis. Proin sit amet pretium felis.             </p>             <ul>                 <li>List item one</li>                 <li>List item two</li>                 <li>List item three</li>             </ul>         </div>     </div>     </form> </body> </html> The end result is: Hope this was helpful. Regards,Hajan

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• Looking for input on GWT / MVP action w/o browser history change

  - by user198313

  Hello there, I am trying to develop a GWT app with the MVP pattern. So far so good except for one specific case of actions: actions that do not change the url (no browser history change). In the GWT MVP pattern, events are sent from presenters, the an app controller catches them and update the browser history. If the history has changed then the view updates. ** MVP with history change (Works well)** Current URL is /list User clicks on contactdelete button. Fire DeleteContactAction event. App controller catches, change history to 'delete' onValueChange is called if (token.equals("delete")) delete contact screen, then delete contact Fire ContactDeletedEvent app controller catches and change the history to list onValueChange is called: contact list refreshes GWT MVP pattern for dialog box w/o history changes ** Issue ** - I use a dialog box and I don't want to change the browser history, so here is the problem: Current URL is /list User clicks on contactdelete button. Contact is deleted Fire ContactDeletedEvent. App controller catches, change history to 'list' **onValueChange is NOT called** because url is already /list and there is no change # problem: contact list does not refresh Question: does anyone know a pattern to implement this in the context of MVP? Any help / idea appreciated.

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• Backbone.js Model change events in nested collections not firing as expected

  - by Pallavi Kaushik

  I'm trying to use backbone.js in my first "real" application and I need some help debugging why certain model change events are not firing as I would expect. I have a web service at /employees/{username}/tasks which returns a JSON array of task objects, with each task object nesting a JSON array of subtask objects. For example, [{ "id":45002, "name":"Open Dining Room", "subtasks":[ {"id":1,"status":"YELLOW","name":"Clean all tables"}, {"id":2,"status":"RED","name":"Clean main floor"}, {"id":3,"status":"RED","name":"Stock condiments"}, {"id":4,"status":"YELLOW","name":"Check / replenish trays"} ] },{ "id":47003, "name":"Open Registers", "subtasks":[ {"id":1,"status":"YELLOW","name":"Turn on all terminals"}, {"id":2,"status":"YELLOW","name":"Balance out cash trays"}, {"id":3,"status":"YELLOW","name":"Check in promo codes"}, {"id":4,"status":"YELLOW","name":"Check register promo placards"} ] }] Another web service allows me to change the status of a specific subtask in a specific task, and looks like this: /tasks/45002/subtasks/1/status/red [aside - I intend to change this to a HTTP Post-based service, but the current implementation is easier for debugging] I have the following classes in my JS app: Subtask Model and Subtask Collection var Subtask = Backbone.Model.extend({}); var SubtaskCollection = Backbone.Collection.extend({ model: Subtask }); Task Model with a nested instance of a Subtask Collection var Task = Backbone.Model.extend({ initialize: function() { // each Task has a reference to a collection of Subtasks this.subtasks = new SubtaskCollection(this.get("subtasks")); // status of each Task is based on the status of its Subtasks this.update_status(); }, ... }); var TaskCollection = Backbone.Collection.extend({ model: Task }); Task View to renders the item and listen for change events to the model var TaskView = Backbone.View.extend({ tagName: "li", template: $("#TaskTemplate").template(), initialize: function() { _.bindAll(this, "on_change", "render"); this.model.bind("change", this.on_change); }, ... on_change: function(e) { alert("task model changed!"); } }); When the app launches, I instantiate a TaskCollection (using the data from the first web service listed above), bind a listener for change events to the TaskCollection, and set up a recurring setTimeout to fetch() the TaskCollection instance. ... TASKS = new TaskCollection(); TASKS.url = ".../employees/" + username + "/tasks" TASKS.fetch({ success: function() { APP.renderViews(); } }); TASKS.bind("change", function() { alert("collection changed!"); APP.renderViews(); }); // Poll every 5 seconds to keep the models up-to-date. setInterval(function() { TASKS.fetch(); }, 5000); ... Everything renders as expected the first time. But at this point, I would expect either (or both) a Collection change event or a Model change event to get fired if I change a subtask's status using my second web service, but this does not happen. Funnily, I did get change events to fire if I added one additional level of nesting, with the web service returning a single object that has the Tasks Collection embedded, for example: "employee":"pkaushik", "tasks":[{"id":45002,"subtasks":[{"id":1..... But this seems klugey... and I'm afraid I haven't architected my app right. I'll include more code if it helps, but this question is already rather verbose. Thoughts?

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• SQL SERVER – Change Database Access to Single User Mode Using SSMS

  - by pinaldave

  I have previously written about how using T-SQL Script we can convert the database access to single user mode before backup. I was recently asked if the same can be done using SQL Server Management Studio. Yes! You can do it from database property (Write click on database and select database property) and follow image. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Server Management Studio, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Triggers, Service Broker, CDC or Change Tracking?

  - by Derek D.

  When one trigger inserts into a table and that table also contains a trigger, this is a “nested trigger”. The reason that nested triggers are a concern is because the first call that performs the initial insert does not return until the last trigger in sequence is complete. In trying to circumvent this [...]

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