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  • [Django] Change state of obiects

    - by gameboy
    hi I have following problem. I have model: class Towar(models.Model): nrSeryjny=models.CharField(max_length=100) opis=models.CharField(max_length=255) naStanie=models.NullBooleanField(null=True) def __unicode__(self): return "%s" % self.opis def lowerName(self): return self.__class__.__name__.lower() def checkState(self): return self.naStanie def changeState(self,state): self.naStanie=state class Meta: ordering=['nrSeryjny'] app_label = 'baza' permissions=(("view_towar","mozna miec podglad dla towar"),) and model : class Wypozyczenie(models.Model): dataPobrania=models.DateField() pracownik=models.ForeignKey(User,null=True) kontrahent=models.ForeignKey(Kontrahenci,null=True) towar=models.ForeignKey(Towar,null=True) objects=WypozyczenieManager() default_objects=models.Manager() ZwrotyObjects=WypozyczenieZwrotyManager() def lowerName(self): return self.__class__.__name__.lower() def __unicode__(self): if self.towar == None: return "Dla:%s -- Kto:%s -- Kiedy:%s -- Co:%s" % (self.kontrahent,self.pracownik,self.dataPobrania,"Brak") else: return "Dla:%s -- Kto:%s -- Kiedy:%s -- Co:%s" % (self.kontrahent,self.pracownik,self.dataPobrania,self.towar) class Meta: ordering=['dataPobrania'] app_label = 'baza' permissions=(("view_wypozyczenie","mozna miec podglad dla wypozyczenie"),) and view to adding models: def modelAdd(request,model,modelForm): mod=model() if request.user.has_perm('baza.add_%s' % mod.lowerName()): if request.method=='POST': form=modelForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): form.save() return HttpResponseRedirect('/'+ mod.lowerName() + '/') else: form=modelForm() v=RequestContext(request,{'form':form}) return render_to_response('add_form.html',v) and i whant do that, when i add Wypozyczenie and save it then the Towar that is stored by Wypozyczenie change his na stanie from True to False Greets

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  • How to display and change an icon inside a python Tk Frame

    - by codingJoe
    I have a python Tkinter Frame that displays several fields. I want to also add an red/yellow/green icon that will display the status of an external device. The icon is loaded from a file called ICON_LED_RED.ico. How do I display the icon in my frame? How do I change the icon at runtime? for example replace BitmapImage('RED.ico') with BitmapImage('GREEN.ico') class Application(Frame): def init(self, master=None): Frame.__init__(self, master) self.pack() self.createWidgets() def createWidgets(self): # ...other frame code.. works just fine. self.OKBTN = Button(self) self.OKBTN["text"] = "OK" self.OKBTN["fg"] = "red" self.OKBTN["command"] = self.ok_btn_func self.OKBTN.pack({"side": "left"}) # when I add the following the frame window is not visible # The process is locked up such that I have to do a kill -9 self.statusFrame = Frame(self, bd=2, relief=RIDGE) Label(self.statusFrame, text='Status:').pack(side=LEFT, padx=5) self.statIcon = BitmapImage('data/ICON_LED_RED.ico') Label (self.statusFrame, image=self.statIcon ).grid() self.statusFrame.pack(expand=1, fill=X, pady=10, padx=5)

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  • Execute function without sending 'self' to it

    - by Sergey
    Is that possible to define a function without referencing to self this way? def myfunc(var_a,var_b) But so that it could also get sender data, like if I defined it like this: def myfunc(self, var_a,var_b) That self is always the same so it looks a little redundant here always to run a function this way: myfunc(self,'data_a','data_b'). Then I would like to get its data in the function like this sender.fields. UPDATE: Here is some code to understand better what I mean. The class below is used to show a page based on Jinja2 templates engine for users to sign up. class SignupHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self, *args, **kwargs): utils.render_template(self, 'signup.html') And this code below is a render_template that I created as wrapper to Jinja2 functions to use it more conveniently in my project: def render_template(response, template_name, vars=dict(), is_string=False): template_dirs = [os.path.join(root(), 'templates')] logging.info(template_dirs[0]) env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader(template_dirs)) try: template = env.get_template(template_name) except TemplateNotFound: raise TemplateNotFound(template_name) content = template.render(vars) if is_string: return content else: response.response.out.write(content) As I use this function render_template very often in my project and usually the same way, just with different template files, I wondered if there was a way to get rid of having to call it like I do it now, with self as the first argument but still having access to that object.

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  • singledispatch in class, how to dispatch self type

    - by yanxinyou
    Using python3.4. Here I want use singledispatch to dispatch different type in __mul__ method . The code like this : class Vector(object): ## some code not paste @functools.singledispatch def __mul__(self, other): raise NotImplementedError("can't mul these type") @__mul__.register(int) @__mul__.register(object) # Becasue can't use Vector , I have to use object def _(self, other): result = Vector(len(self)) # start with vector of zeros for j in range(len(self)): result[j] = self[j]*other return result @__mul__.register(Vector) # how can I use the self't type @__mul__.register(object) # def _(self, other): pass # need impl As you can see the code , I want support Vector*Vertor , This has Name error Traceback (most recent call last): File "p_algorithms\vector.py", line 6, in <module> class Vector(object): File "p_algorithms\vector.py", line 84, in Vector @__mul__.register(Vector) # how can I use the self't type NameError: name 'Vector' is not defined The question may be How Can I use class Name a Type in the class's method ? I know c++ have font class statement . How python solve my problem ? And it is strange to see result = Vector(len(self)) where the Vector can be used in method body .

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  • How to infer the type of a derived class in base class?

    - by enzi
    I want to create a method that allows me to change arbitrary properties of classes that derive from my base class, the result should look like this: SetPropertyValue("size.height", 50); – where size is a property of my derived class and height is a property of size. I'm almost done with my implementation but there's one final obstacle that I want to solve before moving on, to describe this I will first have to explain my implementation a bit: Properties that can be modified are decorated with an attribute There's a method in my base class that searches for all derived classes and their decorated properties For each property I generate a "property modifier", a class that contains 2 delegates: one to set and one to get the value of the property. Property Modifiers are stored in a dictionary, with the name of the property as key In my base class, there is another dictionary that contains all property-modifier-dictionaries, with the Type of the respective class as key. What the SetPropertyValue method does is this: Get the correct property-modifier-dictionary, using the concrete type of the derived class (<- yet to solve) Get the property modifier of the property to change (e.g. of the property size) Use the get or set delegate to modify the property's value Some example code to clarify further: private static Dictionary<RuntimeTypeHandle, object> EditableTypes; //property-modifier-dictionary protected void SetPropertyValue<T>(EditablePropertyMap<T> map, string property, object value) { var property = map[property]; // get the property modifier property.Set((T)this, value); // use the set delegate (encapsulated in a method) } In the above code, T is the Type of the actual (derived) class. I need this type for the get/set delegates. The problem is how to get the EditablePropertyMap<T> when I don't know what T is. My current (ugly) solution is to pass the map in an overriden virtual method in the derived class: public override void SetPropertyValue(string property, object value) { base.SetPropertyValue((EditablePropertyMap<ExampleType>)EditableTypes[typeof(ExampleType)], property, value); } What this does is: get the correct dictionary containing the property modifiers of this class using the class's type, cast it to the appropiate type and pass it to the SetPropertyValue method. I want to get rid of the SetPropertyValue method in my derived class (since there are a lot of derived classes), but don't know yet how to accomplish that. I cannot just make a virtual GetEditablePropertyMap<T> method because I cannot infer a concrete type for T then. I also cannot acces my dictionary directly with a type and retrieve an EditablePropertyMap<T> from it because I cannot cast to it from object in the base class, since again I do not know T. I found some neat tricks to infere types (e.g. by adding a dummy T parameter), but cannot apply them to my specific problem. I'd highly appreciate any suggestions you may have for me.

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  • Force an indent in Python code for organizational purposes

    - by Vine
    Is there a way to force an indent in Python? I kind of want it for the sake of making the code look organized. As an example: # How it looks now class Bro: def __init__(self): self.head = 1 self.head.eye = 2 self.head.nose = 1 self.head.mouth = 1 self.neck = 1 self.torso = 1 # How it'd look ideally (indenting sub-variables of 'head') class Bro: def __init__(self): self.head = 1 self.head.eye = 2 self.head.nose = 1 self.head.mouth = 1 self.neck = 1 self.torso = 1 I imagine this is possible with some sort of workaround, yeah?

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  • class, dict, self, init, args ?

    - by kame
    class attrdict(dict): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): dict.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) self.__dict__ = self a = attrdict(x=1, y=2) print a.x, a.y b = attrdict() b.x, b.y = 1, 2 print b.x, b.y Could somebody explain the first four lines in words? I read about classes and methods. But here it seems very confusing.

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  • Ubuntu 14.04 disk utility SMART self-test failed threshold not exceeded

    - by user2323470
    I'm using the "Disks" program in Ubuntu 14.04 (live DVD) to assess the health of a drive I suspect is failing. However, when I first opened the program, it showed that the overall health was OK and all assessments are OK as well. I then tried to run a short self-test, but now the overall assessment shows a red "SELF-TEST FAILED". In the details section it says "Last self-test failed (read)" and "threshold not exceeded". All individual assessments are still OK though!! What I don't understand is, does that mean that the test executed and determined that the drive is a goner, or does it mean that the test didn't actually execute properly?

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  • HTTPS with Self-Signed Certificate Issues... Solution or better way?

    - by stormin986
    All I need to do is download some basic text-based and image files from a web server that has a self-signed SSL certificate. I have been trying to figure out how to use HttpClient to do this, but getting the SSL to work is a nightmare that seems to be way too much trouble for such a simple task. Is there a better way to perform these file downloads? Perhaps through a WebView or Browser feature? Reinventing the wheel of making a simple HTTPS GET request is a major pain, and is significantly holding up my development schedule. ** Updated title to more accurately reflect question / solution **

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  • Sort Grid Columns of mixed type in EXTJS Grid

    - by Amit
    Hello, I want to sort the extjs columns, I have the column type as float and from the server side i am getting values which can contain "-" value , now what happens the grid is displaying me the NaN value instead of - and the sort is not working anymore. My requirement is to create a custom sort which can sort first based on number and then sort based on string. Thanks to suggest as renderer also not works for me. My Json String is: {metaData:{"totalProperty":"total", "root":"records","fields":[{"header":"Part Number##false","name":"XJE010^VT-007!0","type":"string"},{"header":"Marketing Status##false","name":"STP716^VT-007!0","type":"string"},{"header":"Package##false","name":"XJE016^VT-007!0","type":"string"},{"header":"Automotive Grade##false","name":"STP472^VT-007!0","type":"string"},{"header":"VDSS##false","name":"XJG810^VT-007!0","type":"float"},{"header":"Drain Current (Dc)(I_D) % (A)##false","name":"XJG273^VT-006!0","type":"float"},{"header":"RDS(on) (@VGS=10V) % (&#937;)##false","name":"XJG640^VT-006!3","type":"float"},{"header":"Features##false","name":"GNP023^VT-007!0","type":"string"},{"header":"RDS(on) (@4.5 or 5V) % (&#937;)##false","name":"XJG640^VT-006!6","type":"float"},{"header":"RDS(on) (@2.7V) % (&#937;)##false","name":"XJG640^VT-006!7","type":"float"},{"header":"RDS(on) (@1.8V) % (&#937;)##false","name":"XJG640^VT-006!8","type":"float"},{"header":"Free Samples##false","name":"STP0881^VT-007!0","type":"string"},{"header":"Total Gate Charge(Qg) typ ()##true","name":"STP049^VT-002!0","type":"float"},{"header":"Total Power Dissipation(PD) % (W)##true","name":"XJG820^VT-006!0","type":"float"}]},"success":"true", "total":13,"records":[{"XJE010^VT-007!0":"STB80PF55$$/cn/analog/product/67164.jsp","STP716^VT-007!0":"Active","XJE016^VT-007!0":"D2PAK","STP472^VT-007!0":"_","XJG810^VT-007!0":"-55","XJG273^VT-006!0":"80","XJG640^VT-006!3":".018","GNP023^VT-007!0":"-","XJG640^VT-006!6":"-","XJG640^VT-006!7":"-","XJG640^VT-006!8":"-","STP0881^VT-007!0":"No","STP049^VT-002!0":"190","XJG820^VT-006!0":"300"},{"XJE010^VT-007!0":"STD10PF06$$/cn/analog/product/64543.jsp","STP716^VT-007!0":"Active","XJE016^VT-007!0":"IPAK TO-251 TO 252 DPAK","STP472^VT-007!0":"_","XJG810^VT-007!0":"-60","XJG273^VT-006!0":"-10","XJG640^VT-006!3":".2","GNP023^VT-007!0":"-","XJG640^VT-006!6":"-","XJG640^VT-006!7":"-","XJG640^VT-006!8":"-","STP0881^VT-007!0":"No ... Regards, Amit

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  • self.window.rootViewController vs window addSubview

    - by Gazzer
    I've noticed a lot of examples for iPhone apps in the Application Delegate - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application have [window addSubview: someController.view]; (1) as opposed to self.window.rootViewController = self.someController; (2) Is there any practical reason to use one over the other? Is one technically correct? Do controller's have the an equivalent command to number (2) like self.someController.rootController = self.someOtherController; // pseudocode

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  • How to use a self-signed SSL certificate when developing with Trigger.io?

    - by user610345
    Our backend is in rails, and for several reasons the development environment has to be run with rails using a self-signed SSL certificate. This works fine on the desktop after manually trusting the certificate. Using Trigger.io, we're developing a mobile application targeting iOS from the same backend. It would be ideal for us to be able to run the rails server with SSL (so we can compare the browser output) and still have the iOS simulator connect properly without complaining about invalid certs. Production is using a proper ssl-cert, but what's the best way to set up the simulator?

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  • python 3 self class dict

    - by Jjang
    I am trying to create my own class of dictionary in python 3 which has a field of dict variable and setitem and getitem methods. Though, it doesnt work for some reason. Tried to look around but couldn't find the answer. class myDictionary: def __init(self): self.myDic={} def __setitem__(self, key, value): self.myDic[key]=value I'm getting: 'myDictionary' object has no attribute 'myDic' Any ideas? :)

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  • Exklusiv für Oracle Academy-Teilnehmer und nur bis 15. Juli 2011: bis zu 68% Preisnachlass auf Self-Study-Kurse

    - by bwolf
    Kennen Sie schon unsere Oracle University-Produkte zum eigenständigen Lernen? Oracle University bieten Ihnen eine große Auswahl von individuellen Kursen verfügbar als Self-Study CDs an. Diese Kurse sind zu 100 % angelehnt an unsere Klassenraumkurse oder beinhalten spezifische und individuelle Schwerpunkte. Die CDs der Oracle University werden jederzeit auf den neuesten IT Standards konzipiert und sind genau auf die Bedürfnisse unserer Kunden zugeschnitten. Ihre Vorteile:  Durch unser einmaliges Angebot der Self-Study CDs können Sie...: ...Ihr bereits vorhandenes Wissen vertiefen oder erweitern ...als individuelles Nachschlagewerk Ihr Know-How immer auf dem neusten Stand halten ...unsere Self-Study CDs unbegrenzt zeitlich nutzen ...jederzeit die Inhalte nochmal nachschlagen und vertiefen ...neue Mitarbeiter einfach einarbeiten ...Reisekosten zu 100% vermeiden ...und können jederzeit zeitlich flexibel sein. Folgende attraktive Preiskonditionen bieten wir exklusiv nur für Oracle Academy-Teilnehmer an. Sie erhalten schon ab der  1. Self-Study CD 58 % Preisnachlass Sie erhalten ab der 11. Self-Study CD 63 % PreisnachlassS Sie erhalten ab der 21. Self-Study CD 68 % PreisnachlassS So erhalten Sie z.B. unseren Self-Study-Kurs Fundamentals of the Java Programming Language, Java SE 6, schon für 218,82 € zzgl. MwSt Die komplette Liste verfügbarer Self-Study-Kurse finden Sie hier Wichtig: Das Angebot ist nur bis zum 15. Juli 2011 gültig! Da das Angebot NICHT bei Online-Buchungen gilt, kontaktieren Sie bitte unsere Kollegin Nele Mletschkowsky (Tel. kostenfrei 0800-1862336).

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  • SQL SERVER – PAGELATCH_DT, PAGELATCH_EX, PAGELATCH_KP, PAGELATCH_SH, PAGELATCH_UP – Wait Type – Day 12 of 28

    - by pinaldave
    This is another common wait type. However, I still frequently see people getting confused with PAGEIOLATCH_X and PAGELATCH_X wait types. Actually, there is a big difference between the two. PAGEIOLATCH is related to IO issues, while PAGELATCH is not related to IO issues but is oftentimes linked to a buffer issue. Before we delve deeper in this interesting topic, first let us understand what Latch is. Latches are internal SQL Server locks which can be described as very lightweight and short-term synchronization objects. Latches are not primarily to protect pages being read from disk into memory. It’s a synchronization object for any in-memory access to any portion of a log or data file.[Updated based on comment of Paul Randal] The difference between locks and latches is that locks seal all the involved resources throughout the duration of the transactions (and other processes will have no access to the object), whereas latches locks the resources during the time when the data is changed. This way, a latch is able to maintain the integrity of the data between storage engine and data cache. A latch is a short-living lock that is put on resources on buffer cache and in the physical disk when data is moved in either directions. As soon as the data is moved, the latch is released. Now, let us understand the wait stat type  related to latches. From Book On-Line: PAGELATCH_DT Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is not in an I/O request. The latch request is in Destroy mode. PAGELATCH_EX Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is not in an I/O request. The latch request is in Exclusive mode. PAGELATCH_KP Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is not in an I/O request. The latch request is in Keep mode. PAGELATCH_SH Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is not in an I/O request. The latch request is in Shared mode. PAGELATCH_UP Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is not in an I/O request. The latch request is in Update mode. PAGELATCH_X Explanation: When there is a contention of access of the in-memory pages, this wait type shows up. It is quite possible that some of the pages in the memory are of very high demand. For the SQL Server to access them and put a latch on the pages, it will have to wait. This wait type is usually created at the same time. Additionally, it is commonly visible when the TempDB has higher contention as well. If there are indexes that are heavily used, contention can be created as well, leading to this wait type. Reducing PAGELATCH_X wait: The following counters are useful to understand the status of the PAGELATCH: Average Latch Wait Time (ms): The wait time for latch requests that have to wait. Latch Waits/sec: This is the number of latch requests that could not be granted immediately. Total Latch Wait Time (ms): This is the total latch wait time for latch requests in the last second. If there is TempDB contention, I suggest that you read the blog post of Robert Davis right away. He has written an excellent blog post regarding how to find out TempDB contention. The same blog post explains the terms in the allocation of GAM, SGAM and PFS. If there was a TempDB contention, Paul Randal explains the optimal settings for the TempDB in his misconceptions series. Trace Flag 1118 can be useful but use it very carefully. I totally understand that this blog post is not as clear as my other blog posts. I suggest if this wait stats is on one of your higher wait type. Do leave a comment or send me an email and I will get back to you with my solution for your situation. May the looking at all other wait stats and types together become effective as this wait type can help suggest proper bottleneck in your system. Read all the post in the Wait Types and Queue series. Note: The information presented here is from my experience and there is no way that I claim it to be accurate. I suggest reading Book OnLine for further clarification. All the discussions of Wait Stats in this blog are generic and vary from system to system. It is recommended that you test this on a development server before implementing it to a production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com)   Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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  • A simple Dynamic Proxy

    - by Abhijeet Patel
    Frameworks such as EF4 and MOQ do what most developers consider "dark magic". For instance in EF4, when you use a POCO for an entity you can opt-in to get behaviors such as "lazy-loading" and "change tracking" at runtime merely by ensuring that your type has the following characteristics: The class must be public and not sealed. The class must have a public or protected parameter-less constructor. The class must have public or protected properties Adhere to this and your type is magically endowed with these behaviors without any additional programming on your part. Behind the scenes the framework subclasses your type at runtime and creates a "dynamic proxy" which has these additional behaviors and when you navigate properties of your POCO, the framework replaces the POCO type with derived type instances. The MOQ framework does simlar magic. Let's say you have a simple interface:   public interface IFoo      {          int GetNum();      }   We can verify that the GetNum() was invoked on a mock like so:   var mock = new Mock<IFoo>(MockBehavior.Default);   mock.Setup(f => f.GetNum());   var num = mock.Object.GetNum();   mock.Verify(f => f.GetNum());   Beind the scenes the MOQ framework is generating a dynamic proxy by implementing IFoo at runtime. the call to moq.Object returns the dynamic proxy on which we then call "GetNum" and then verify that this method was invoked. No dark magic at all, just clever programming is what's going on here, just not visible and hence appears magical! Let's create a simple dynamic proxy generator which accepts an interface type and dynamically creates a proxy implementing the interface type specified at runtime.     public static class DynamicProxyGenerator   {       public static T GetInstanceFor<T>()       {           Type typeOfT = typeof(T);           var methodInfos = typeOfT.GetMethods();           AssemblyName assName = new AssemblyName("testAssembly");           var assBuilder = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(assName, AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave);           var moduleBuilder = assBuilder.DefineDynamicModule("testModule", "test.dll");           var typeBuilder = moduleBuilder.DefineType(typeOfT.Name + "Proxy", TypeAttributes.Public);              typeBuilder.AddInterfaceImplementation(typeOfT);           var ctorBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineConstructor(                     MethodAttributes.Public,                     CallingConventions.Standard,                     new Type[] { });           var ilGenerator = ctorBuilder.GetILGenerator();           ilGenerator.EmitWriteLine("Creating Proxy instance");           ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);           foreach (var methodInfo in methodInfos)           {               var methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(                   methodInfo.Name,                   MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.Virtual,                   methodInfo.ReturnType,                   methodInfo.GetParameters().Select(p => p.GetType()).ToArray()                   );               var methodILGen = methodBuilder.GetILGenerator();               methodILGen.EmitWriteLine("I'm a proxy");               if (methodInfo.ReturnType == typeof(void))               {                   methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);               }               else               {                   if (methodInfo.ReturnType.IsValueType || methodInfo.ReturnType.IsEnum)                   {                       MethodInfo getMethod = typeof(Activator).GetMethod(/span>"CreateInstance",new Type[]{typeof((Type)});                                               LocalBuilder lb = methodILGen.DeclareLocal(methodInfo.ReturnType);                       methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, lb.LocalType);                       methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeofype).GetMethod("GetTypeFromHandle"));  ));                       methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, getMethod);                       methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Unbox_Any, lb.LocalType);                                                              }                 else                   {                       methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldnull);                   }                   methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);               }               typeBuilder.DefineMethodOverride(methodBuilder, methodInfo);           }                     Type constructedType = typeBuilder.CreateType();           var instance = Activator.CreateInstance(constructedType);           return (T)instance;       }   }   Dynamic proxies are created by calling into the following main types: AssemblyBuilder, TypeBuilder, Modulebuilder and ILGenerator. These types enable dynamically creating an assembly and emitting .NET modules and types in that assembly, all using IL instructions. Let's break down the code above a bit and examine it piece by piece                Type typeOfT = typeof(T);              var methodInfos = typeOfT.GetMethods();              AssemblyName assName = new AssemblyName("testAssembly");              var assBuilder = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(assName, AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave);              var moduleBuilder = assBuilder.DefineDynamicModule("testModule", "test.dll");              var typeBuilder = moduleBuilder.DefineType(typeOfT.Name + "Proxy", TypeAttributes.Public);   We are instructing the runtime to create an assembly caled "test.dll"and in this assembly we then emit a new module called "testModule". We then emit a new type definition of name "typeName"Proxy into this new module. This is the definition for the "dynamic proxy" for type T                 typeBuilder.AddInterfaceImplementation(typeOfT);               var ctorBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineConstructor(                         MethodAttributes.Public,                         CallingConventions.Standard,                         new Type[] { });               var ilGenerator = ctorBuilder.GetILGenerator();               ilGenerator.EmitWriteLine("Creating Proxy instance");               ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);   The newly created type implements type T and defines a default parameterless constructor in which we emit a call to Console.WriteLine. This call is not necessary but we do this so that we can see first hand that when the proxy is constructed, when our default constructor is invoked.   var methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(                      methodInfo.Name,                      MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.Virtual,                      methodInfo.ReturnType,                      methodInfo.GetParameters().Select(p => p.GetType()).ToArray()                      );   We then iterate over each method declared on type T and add a method definition of the same name into our "dynamic proxy" definition     if (methodInfo.ReturnType == typeof(void))   {       methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);   }   If the return type specified in the method declaration of T is void we simply return.     if (methodInfo.ReturnType.IsValueType || methodInfo.ReturnType.IsEnum)   {                               MethodInfo getMethod = typeof(Activator).GetMethod("CreateInstance",                                                         new Type[]{typeof(Type)});                               LocalBuilder lb = methodILGen.DeclareLocal(methodInfo.ReturnType);                                                     methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, lb.LocalType);       methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(Type).GetMethod("GetTypeFromHandle"));       methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, getMethod);       methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Unbox_Any, lb.LocalType);   }   If the return type in the method declaration of T is either a value type or an enum, then we need to create an instance of the value type and return that instance the caller. In order to accomplish that we need to do the following: 1) Get a handle to the Activator.CreateInstance method 2) Declare a local variable which represents the Type of the return type(i.e the type object of the return type) specified on the method declaration of T(obtained from the MethodInfo) and push this Type object onto the evaluation stack. In reality a RuntimeTypeHandle is what is pushed onto the stack. 3) Invoke the "GetTypeFromHandle" method(a static method in the Type class) passing in the RuntimeTypeHandle pushed onto the stack previously as an argument, the result of this invocation is a Type object (representing the method's return type) which is pushed onto the top of the evaluation stack. 4) Invoke Activator.CreateInstance passing in the Type object from step 3, the result of this invocation is an instance of the value type boxed as a reference type and pushed onto the top of the evaluation stack. 5) Unbox the result and place it into the local variable of the return type defined in step 2   methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldnull);   If the return type is a reference type then we just load a null onto the evaluation stack   methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);   Emit a a return statement to return whatever is on top of the evaluation stack(null or an instance of a value type) back to the caller     Type constructedType = typeBuilder.CreateType();   var instance = Activator.CreateInstance(constructedType);   return (T)instance;   Now that we have a definition of the "dynamic proxy" implementing all the methods declared on T, we can now create an instance of the proxy type and return that out typed as T. The caller can now invoke the generator and request a dynamic proxy for any type T. In our example when the client invokes GetNum() we get back "0". Lets add a new method on the interface called DayOfWeek GetDay()   public interface IFoo      {          int GetNum();          DayOfWeek GetDay();      }   When GetDay() is invoked, the "dynamic proxy" returns "Sunday" since that is the default value for the DayOfWeek enum This is a very trivial example of dynammic proxies, frameworks like MOQ have a way more sophisticated implementation of this paradigm where in you can instruct the framework to create proxies which return specified values for a method implementation.

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  • Business person turned into coder? How and why? Inspire the non-technical.

    - by huisjames
    I graduated with a Business degree. Two years later, I finally realized the power of programming - the power to "invent." I wish I realized this in high school. Nevertheless, I tried to self-teach C# but found it difficult. Then I pivoted to learn PHP two months ago and I have been able to build things I thought was beyond my abilities. Has anyone had the same experience? Or self-taught programming? What lessons did you learn?

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  • Where to train while earning to be a Web Programmer

    - by user3295525
    Good day everyone. I'm a fresh graduate of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and I really love coding in web. But my skills are not that high that's why I want to train while earning in a company but there are so few companies that offer it here. Web Programming is a passion for me and i really love it that's why i want to enhance my skills for my self and for the benefit of the company that will hire me. Do you have any suggestions or recommendations that I can use because I really need a mentor cause my self studying is in limit now. Good day everyone and God bless. P.S. I really love web programming.

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  • Qwidget window disappears [migrated]

    - by user3716006
    Okay... This has been bugging me for hours. I have a qtmainwindow with a menubar. I've managed to connect an action in tje menubar to an independent Qwidget. But as soon as the Qwidget appears it disappears. I'm using the latest version of pyqt. Here's the code: Import sys from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore Class Main(QtGui.QtMainWindow) : def __init__(self) : QtGui.QtMainWindow.__init__(self) self.setGeometry(300,300,240,320) self.show() menubar = self. menuBar() filemenu = menubar. addMenu('&File') new = QtGui.QAction(QtGui.QIcon('new.png'), 'New', self) new.triggered.connect(self.pop) filemenu.addAction(new) def pop(self) : pop = Pop() class Pop(QtGui.QWidget) : def __init__(self) : QtGui.QWidget.__init__(self) self.setGeometry(300,300,240,320> self.setWindowTitle('Pop up') self.show()

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  • What's the difference between the input type "text" and "password" in an html form?

    - by Domingo
    Hi everybody, this question might seem stupid, but here's the situation: I'm trying to create an auto login page for my mail using jquery's post request, but it's not working, it works with all other pages except with webmail. So, trying to figure out what was wrong, I recreated the login form, here's the code: <form id="form1" name="form1" method="post" action="https://login.hostmonster.com/"> <label>User <input type="text" name="login" id="user" /> </label> <label>Pass <input name="password" type="password" id="pass" /> </label> <input name="doLogin" type="submit" id="doLogin" value="Login"> </form> The strange thing is when you change the input type of pass to text, the form doesn't work! I can't figure out why. Anyway, if you can tell me what's the real difference between the input type text and password (and not what it says everywhere on the net that the only difference is that when you type stars appear instead of characters) I would appreciate it. Also, do you think this is affecting my jquery's post? Here's the code for it: $j.post('https://login.hostmonster.com/', { login: '[email protected]', password: 'xxx' }, function(data, text){ if (text=='success') { alert('Success '+data); } else { alert('Failed'); } }); Thanks a lot! Regards, D

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  • What should a self-taught programmer with no degree learn/read?

    - by sjbotha
    I am a self-taught programmer and I do do not have any degrees. I started pretty young and I've got about 7 years of actual programming work experience. I believe I'm a pretty good programmer, but I admit that I have not played much with algorithms or delved into any really low-level aspects of programming such as how compilers work. I have worked with other programmers with and without degrees. Some were good and some not; having a degree didn't seem to make any difference as to which pot they fell into. Since then I've come to realize that it does depend on the school where the degree is obtained. Some people suggest that you really should get a degree; that there are things you'll learn in the process that you won't learn in the real world. Of course there is personal growth and discipline learned from completing a task of that magnitude, but let's just concentrate on the technical knowledge. What would I have been taught in a GOOD CS course that would aid me today and what can I read to fill the gap? I've heard the book "Algorithms" mentioned and I plan on reading that. What other books would you recommend? Edit: Clarification on 'actual work experience': Have worked for 2 small companies on teams with fewer than 5 people. About 2 years experience with Perl, Python, PHP, C, C++. About 5 years experience in Java, Applets, RMI, T-SQL, PL/SQL, VB6. 7 years experience in HTML, Javascript, bash, SQL. Most recently in Java designed and helped build an N-tier Java app with web frontend and RMI.

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  • EF 4 Self Tracking Entities does not work as expected.

    - by ashraf
    I am using EF4 Self Tracking Entities (VS2010 Beta 2 CTP 2 plus new T4 generator). But when I try to update entity information it does not update to database as expected. I setup 2 service calls. one for GetResource(int id) which return a resource object. the second call is SaveResource(Resource res); here is the code. public Resource GetResource(int id) { using (var dc = new MyEntities()) { return dc.Resources.Where(d => d.ResourceId == id).SingleOrDefault(); } } public void SaveResource(Resource res) { using (var dc = new MyEntities()) { dc.Resources.ApplyChanges(res); dc.SaveChanges(); // Nothing save to database. } } //Windows Console Client Calls var res = service.GetResource(1); res.Description = "New Change"; // Not updating... service.SaveResource(res); // does not change anything. It seems to me that ChangeTracker.State is always show as "Unchanged". anything wrong in this code?

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  • Where can a self-teacher learn general good programming habits and conventions?

    - by lucid
    A few mistakes and general childishness in early adulthood have left me in a situation where I work a menial job, with no possibility (in the near future) of attending school. I aspire to one day work in the programming field (gaming specifically), after proving myself on the indie end of things. I've gotten very confident in C++, java, and python, and I find I'm able to solve any problem I want either from previous experience, or from scouring the web for help. The solutions work, and with each attempt they become more readable, maintainable, and extensible. But this is because I'm learning from mistakes and bad programming and design habits I feel I might have avoided with actual schooling. General tips like: "if it's hard to read or getting long, or you're writing it twice, it should be in one or more functions." or "design all your classes before you start coding, so you don't have to rewrite classes later when you discover an unforeseen dependency" Is there a good book or website for learning general good programming practices and design habits? Also, naming and format conventions. I realize sometimes development houses have their own conventions, but things like "Classes in python usually have the first letter of each word capitalized". I'd like to be able to show some source code to a potential employer, and be prepared when for what's expected on a team. Is there some central database of naming and formatting conventions somewhere? Also, feel free to give any thoughts on whether or not the self-teach, garner some indie sales, use them as your resume' route is realistic

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