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  • Root certificate authority works windows/linux but not mac osx - (malformed)

    - by AKwhat
    I have created a self-signed root certificate authority which if I install onto windows, linux, or even using the certificate store in firefox (windows/linux/macosx) will work perfectly with my terminating proxy. I have installed it into the system keychain and I have set the certificate to always trust. Within the chrome browser details it says "The certificate that Chrome received during this connection attempt is not formatted correctly, so Chrome cannot use it to protect your information. Error type: Malformed certificate" I used this code to create the certificate: openssl genrsa -des3 -passout pass:***** -out private/server.key 4096 openssl req -batch -passin pass:***** -new -x509 -nodes -sha1 -days 3600 -key private/server.key -out server.crt -config ../openssl.cnf If the issue is NOT that it is malformed (because it works everywhere else) then what else could it be? Am I installing it incorrectly? To be clear: Within the windows/linux OS, all browsers work perfectly. Within mac only firefox works if it uses its internal certificate store and not the keychain. It's the keychain method of importing a certificate that causes the issue. Thus, all browsers using the keychain will not work. Root CA Cert: -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- **some base64 stuff** -----END CERTIFICATE----- Intermediate CA Cert: Certificate: Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 1 (0x1) Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption Issuer: C=*****, ST=*******, L=******, O=*******, CN=******/emailAddress=****** Validity Not Before: May 21 13:57:32 2014 GMT Not After : Jun 20 13:57:32 2014 GMT Subject: C=*****, ST=********, O=*******, CN=*******/emailAddress=******* Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption RSA Public Key: (4096 bit) Modulus (4096 bit): 00:e7:2d:75:38:23:02:8e:b9:8d:2f:33:4c:2a:11: 6d:d4:f8:29:ab:f3:fc:12:00:0f:bb:34:ec:35:ed: a5:38:10:1e:f3:54:c2:69:ae:3b:22:c0:0d:00:97: 08:da:b9:c9:32:c0:c6:b1:8b:22:7e:53:ea:69:e2: 6d:0f:bd:f5:96:b2:d0:0d:b2:db:07:ba:f1:ce:53: 8a:5e:e0:22:ce:3e:36:ed:51:63:21:e7:45:ad:f9: 4d:9b:8f:7f:33:4c:ed:fc:a6:ac:16:70:f5:96:36: 37:c8:65:47:d1:d3:12:70:3e:8d:2f:fb:9f:94:e0: c9:5f:d0:8c:30:e0:04:23:38:22:e5:d9:84:15:b8: 31:e7:a7:28:51:b8:7f:01:49:fb:88:e9:6c:93:0e: 63:eb:66:2b:b4:a0:f0:31:33:8b:b4:04:84:1f:9e: d5:ed:23:cc:bf:9b:8e:be:9a:5c:03:d6:4f:1a:6f: 2d:8f:47:60:6c:89:c5:f0:06:df:ac:cb:26:f8:1a: 48:52:5e:51:a0:47:6a:30:e8:bc:88:8b:fd:bb:6b: c9:03:db:c2:46:86:c0:c5:a5:45:5b:a9:a3:61:35: 37:e9:fc:a1:7b:ae:71:3a:5c:9c:52:84:dd:b2:86: b3:2e:2e:7a:5b:e1:40:34:4a:46:f0:f8:43:26:58: 30:87:f9:c6:c9:bc:b4:73:8b:fc:08:13:33:cc:d0: b7:8a:31:e9:38:a3:a9:cc:01:e2:d4:c2:a5:c1:55: 52:72:52:2b:06:a3:36:30:0c:5c:29:1a:dd:14:93: 2b:9d:bf:ac:c1:2d:cd:3f:89:1f:bc:ad:a4:f2:bd: 81:77:a9:f4:f0:b9:50:9e:fb:f5:da:ee:4e:b7:66: e5:ab:d1:00:74:29:6f:01:28:32:ea:7d:3f:b3:d7: 97:f2:60:63:41:0f:30:6a:aa:74:f4:63:4f:26:7b: 71:ed:57:f1:d4:99:72:61:f4:69:ad:31:82:76:67: 21:e1:32:2f:e8:46:d3:28:61:b1:10:df:4c:02:e5: d3:cc:22:30:a4:bb:81:10:dc:7d:49:94:b2:02:2d: 96:7f:e5:61:fa:6b:bd:22:21:55:97:82:18:4e:b5: a0:67:2b:57:93:1c:ef:e5:d2:fb:52:79:95:13:11: 20:06:8c:fb:e7:0b:fd:96:08:eb:17:e6:5b:b5:a0: 8d:dd:22:63:99:af:ad:ce:8c:76:14:9a:31:55:d7: 95:ea:ff:10:6f:7c:9c:21:00:5e:be:df:b0:87:75: 5d:a6:87:ca:18:94:e7:6a:15:fe:27:dd:28:5e:c0: ad:d2:91:d3:2d:8e:c3:c0:9f:fb:ff:c0:36:7e:e2: d7:bc:41 Exponent: 65537 (0x10001) X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: DNS:localhost, DNS:dropbox.com, DNS:*.dropbox.com, DNS:filedropper.com, DNS:*.filedropper.com X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: F3:E5:38:5B:3C:AF:1C:73:C1:4C:7D:8B:C8:A1:03:82:65:0D:FF:45 X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:2B:37:39:7B:9F:45:14:FE:F8:BC:CA:E0:6E:B4:5F:D6:1A:2B:D7:B0 DirName:/C=****/ST=******/L=*******/O=*******/CN=******/emailAddress=******* serial:EE:8C:A3:B4:40:90:B0:62 X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:TRUE Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption 46:2a:2c:e0:66:e3:fa:c6:80:b6:81:e7:db:c3:29:ab:e7:1c: f0:d9:a0:b7:a9:57:8c:81:3e:30:8f:7d:ef:f7:ed:3c:5f:1e: a5:f6:ae:09:ab:5e:63:b4:f6:d6:b6:ac:1c:a0:ec:10:19:ce: dd:5a:62:06:b4:88:5a:57:26:81:8e:38:b9:0f:26:cd:d9:36: 83:52:ec:df:f4:63:ce:a1:ba:d4:1c:ec:b6:66:ed:f0:32:0e: 25:87:79:fa:95:ee:0f:a0:c6:2d:8f:e9:fb:11:de:cf:26:fa: 59:fa:bd:0b:74:76:a6:5d:41:0d:cd:35:4e:ca:80:58:2a:a8: 5d:e4:d8:cf:ef:92:8d:52:f9:f2:bf:65:50:da:a8:10:1b:5e: 50:a7:7e:57:7b:94:7f:5c:74:2e:80:ae:1e:24:5f:0b:7b:7e: 19:b6:b5:bd:9d:46:5a:e8:47:43:aa:51:b3:4b:3f:12:df:7f: ef:65:21:85:c2:f6:83:84:d0:8d:8b:d9:6d:a8:f9:11:d4:65: 7d:8f:28:22:3c:34:bb:99:4e:14:89:45:a4:62:ed:52:b1:64: 9a:fd:08:cd:ff:ca:9e:3b:51:81:33:e6:37:aa:cb:76:01:90: d1:39:6f:6a:8b:2d:f5:07:f8:f4:2a:ce:01:37:ba:4b:7f:d4: 62:d7:d6:66:b8:78:ad:0b:23:b6:2e:b0:9a:fc:0f:8c:4c:29: 86:a0:bc:33:71:e5:7f:aa:3e:0e:ca:02:e1:f6:88:f0:ff:a2: 04:5a:f5:d7:fe:7d:49:0a:d2:63:9c:24:ed:02:c7:4d:63:e6: 0c:e1:04:cd:a4:bf:a8:31:d3:10:db:b4:71:48:f7:1a:1b:d9: eb:a7:2e:26:00:38:bd:a8:96:b4:83:09:c9:3d:79:90:e1:61: 2c:fc:a0:2c:6b:7d:46:a8:d7:17:7f:ae:60:79:c1:b6:5c:f9: 3c:84:64:7b:7f:db:e9:f1:55:04:6e:b5:d3:5e:d3:e3:13:29: 3f:0b:03:f2:d7:a8:30:02:e1:12:f4:ae:61:6f:f5:4b:e9:ed: 1d:33:af:cd:9b:43:42:35:1a:d4:f6:b9:fb:bf:c9:8d:6c:30: 25:33:43:49:32:43:a5:a8:d8:82:ef:b0:a6:bd:8b:fb:b6:ed: 72:fd:9a:8f:00:3b:97:a3:35:a4:ad:26:2f:a9:7d:74:08:82: 26:71:40:f9:9b:01:14:2e:82:fb:2f:c0:11:51:00:51:07:f9: e1:f6:1f:13:6e:03:ee:d7:85:c2:64:ce:54:3f:15:d4:d7:92: 5f:87:aa:1e:b4:df:51:77:12:04:d2:a5:59:b3:26:87:79:ce: ee:be:60:4e:87:20:5c:7f -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- **some base64 stuff** -----END CERTIFICATE-----

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  • DNS server not functioning correctly

    - by Shamit Shrestha
    I have setup a DNS server which isnt working properly. My domain is accswift.com which has glued to two name servers ns1.accswift.com and ns2.accswift.com for the same IP address - 203.78.164.18. On domain end everything should be fine. Please check -http://www.intodns.com/accswift.com I am sure its the problem with the linux server. Can anyone help me find where the problem is for me? Below is the settings that I have in the server. ====================== DIG [root@accswift ~]# dig accswift.com ; << DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 << accswift.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; -HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 11275 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;accswift.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: accswift.com. 38400 IN A 203.78.164.18 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: accswift.com. 38400 IN NS ns1.accswift.com. accswift.com. 38400 IN NS ns2.accswift.com. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns1.accswift.com. 38400 IN A 203.78.164.18 ns2.accswift.com. 38400 IN A 203.78.164.18 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Wed Nov 6 20:12:16 2013 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 114 ============== IP Tables settings vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables *filter :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A FORWARD -o eth0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix BANDWIDTH_OUT: -A FORWARD -i eth0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix BANDWIDTH_IN: -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix BANDWIDTH_OUT: -A INPUT -i eth0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix BANDWIDTH_IN: -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --sport 53 -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT COMMIT Completed on Fri Sep 20 04:20:33 2013 Generated by webmin *mangle :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] COMMIT Completed Generated by webmin *nat :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] COMMIT ====DNS settings vi /var/named/accswift.com.host $ttl 38400 @ IN SOA ns1.accswift.com. root.ns1.accswift.com. ( 1382936091 10800 3600 604800 38400 ) @ IN NS ns1.accswift.com. @ IN NS ns2.accswift.com. accswift.com. IN A 203.78.164.18 accswift.com. IN NS ns1.accswift.com. www.accswift.com. IN A 203.78.164.18 ftp.accswift.com. IN A 203.78.164.18 m.accswift.com. IN A 203.78.164.18 ns1 IN A 203.78.164.18 ns2 IN A 203.78.164.18 localhost.accswift.com. IN A 127.0.0.1 webmail.accswift.com. IN A 203.78.164.18 admin.accswift.com. IN A 203.78.164.18 mail.accswift.com. IN A 203.78.164.18 accswift.com. IN MX 5 mail.accswift.com. ====Named.conf vi /etc/named.conf options { listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; }; listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; directory "/var/named"; dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt"; allow-query { any; }; recursion yes; allow-recursion { localhost; 192.168.2.0/24; }; dnssec-enable yes; dnssec-validation yes; dnssec-lookaside auto; /* Path to ISC DLV key */ bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key"; managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic"; forward first; forwarders {192.168.1.1;}; }; logging { channel default_debug { file "data/named.run"; severity dynamic; }; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.ca"; }; include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones"; include "/etc/named.root.key"; zone "accswift.com" { type master; file "/var/named/accswift.com.hosts"; allow-transfer { 127.0.0.1; localnets; 208.73.211.69; }; }; zone "ns1.accswift.com" { type master; file "/var/named/ns1.accswift.com.hosts"; }; ==================================== Can anybody find any flaw in this? I am still unable to reach accswift.com from any other ISP. But it is browsable from the same network though. Thanks in advance.

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  • HTG Explains: Do Non-Windows Platforms Like Mac, Android, iOS, and Linux Get Viruses?

    - by Chris Hoffman
    Viruses and other types of malware seem largely confined to Windows in the real world. Even on a Windows 8 PC, you can still get infected with malware. But how vulnerable are other operating systems to malware? When we say “viruses,” we’re actually talking about malware in general. There’s more to malware than just viruses, although the word virus is often used to talk about malware in general. Why Are All the Viruses For Windows? Not all of the malware out there is for Windows, but most of it is. We’ve tried to cover why Windows has the most viruses in the past. Windows’ popularity is definitely a big factor, but there are other reasons, too. Historically, Windows was never designed for security in the way that UNIX-like platforms were — and every popular operating system that’s not Windows is based on UNIX. Windows also has a culture of installing software by searching the web and downloading it from websites, whereas other platforms have app stores and Linux has centralized software installation from a secure source in the form of its package managers. Do Macs Get Viruses? The vast majority of malware is designed for Windows systems and Macs don’t get Windows malware. While Mac malware is much more rare, Macs are definitely not immune to malware. They can be infected by malware written specifically for Macs, and such malware does exist. At one point, over 650,000 Macs were infected with the Flashback Trojan. [Source] It infected Macs through the Java browser plugin, which is a security nightmare on every platform. Macs no longer include Java by default. Apple also has locked down Macs in other ways. Three things in particular help: Mac App Store: Rather than getting desktop programs from the web and possibly downloading malware, as inexperienced users might on Windows, they can get their applications from a secure place. It’s similar to a smartphone app store or even a Linux package manager. Gatekeeper: Current releases of Mac OS X use Gatekeeper, which only allows programs to run if they’re signed by an approved developer or if they’re from the Mac App Store. This can be disabled by geeks who need to run unsigned software, but it acts as additional protection for typical users. XProtect: Macs also have a built-in technology known as XProtect, or File Quarantine. This feature acts as a blacklist, preventing known-malicious programs from running. It functions similarly to Windows antivirus programs, but works in the background and checks applications you download. Mac malware isn’t coming out nearly as quick as Windows malware, so it’s easier for Apple to keep up. Macs are certainly not immune to all malware, and someone going out of their way to download pirated applications and disable security features may find themselves infected. But Macs are much less at risk of malware in the real world. Android is Vulnerable to Malware, Right? Android malware does exist and companies that produce Android security software would love to sell you their Android antivirus apps. But that isn’t the full picture. By default, Android devices are configured to only install apps from Google Play. They also benefit from antimalware scanning — Google Play itself scans apps for malware. You could disable this protection and go outside Google Play, getting apps from elsewhere (“sideloading”). Google will still help you if you do this, asking if you want to scan your sideloaded apps for malware when you try to install them. In China, where many, many Android devices are in use, there is no Google Play Store. Chinese Android users don’t benefit from Google’s antimalware scanning and have to get their apps from third-party app stores, which may contain infected copies of apps. The majority of Android malware comes from outside Google Play. The scary malware statistics you see primarily include users who get apps from outside Google Play, whether it’s pirating infected apps or acquiring them from untrustworthy app stores. As long as you get your apps from Google Play — or even another secure source, like the Amazon App Store — your Android phone or tablet should be secure. What About iPads and iPhones? Apple’s iOS operating system, used on its iPads, iPhones, and iPod Touches, is more locked down than even Macs and Android devices. iPad and iPhone users are forced to get their apps from Apple’s App Store. Apple is more demanding of developers than Google is — while anyone can upload an app to Google Play and have it available instantly while Google does some automated scanning, getting an app onto Apple’s App Store involves a manual review of that app by an Apple employee. The locked-down environment makes it much more difficult for malware to exist. Even if a malicious application could be installed, it wouldn’t be able to monitor what you typed into your browser and capture your online-banking information without exploiting a deeper system vulnerability. Of course, iOS devices aren’t perfect either. Researchers have proven it’s possible to create malicious apps and sneak them past the app store review process. [Source] However, if a malicious app was discovered, Apple could pull it from the store and immediately uninstall it from all devices. Google and Microsoft have this same ability with Android’s Google Play and Windows Store for new Windows 8-style apps. Does Linux Get Viruses? Malware authors don’t tend to target Linux desktops, as so few average users use them. Linux desktop users are more likely to be geeks that won’t fall for obvious tricks. As with Macs, Linux users get most of their programs from a single place — the package manager — rather than downloading them from websites. Linux also can’t run Windows software natively, so Windows viruses just can’t run. Linux desktop malware is extremely rare, but it does exist. The recent “Hand of Thief” Trojan supports a variety of Linux distributions and desktop environments, running in the background and stealing online banking information. It doesn’t have a good way if infecting Linux systems, though — you’d have to download it from a website or receive it as an email attachment and run the Trojan. [Source] This just confirms how important it is to only run trusted software on any platform, even supposedly secure ones. What About Chromebooks? Chromebooks are locked down laptops that only run the Chrome web browser and some bits around it. We’re not really aware of any form of Chrome OS malware. A Chromebook’s sandbox helps protect it against malware, but it also helps that Chromebooks aren’t very common yet. It would still be possible to infect a Chromebook, if only by tricking a user into installing a malicious browser extension from outside the Chrome web store. The malicious browser extension could run in the background, steal your passwords and online banking credentials, and send it over the web. Such malware could even run on Windows, Mac, and Linux versions of Chrome, but it would appear in the Extensions list, would require the appropriate permissions, and you’d have to agree to install it manually. And Windows RT? Microsoft’s Windows RT only runs desktop programs written by Microsoft. Users can only install “Windows 8-style apps” from the Windows Store. This means that Windows RT devices are as locked down as an iPad — an attacker would have to get a malicious app into the store and trick users into installing it or possibly find a security vulnerability that allowed them to bypass the protection. Malware is definitely at its worst on Windows. This would probably be true even if Windows had a shining security record and a history of being as secure as other operating systems, but you can definitely avoid a lot of malware just by not using Windows. Of course, no platform is a perfect malware-free environment. You should exercise some basic precautions everywhere. Even if malware was eliminated, we’d have to deal with social-engineering attacks like phishing emails asking for credit card numbers. Image Credit: stuartpilbrow on Flickr, Kansir on Flickr     

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  • Macrium Reflect Recovery Linux Recovery Disc hangs up on booting

    - by user8583
    I created an image of my system with macrium reflect freeware program and stored the image on an usb external hard drive. However the macrium reflect linux recovery disc on startup hangs up of the first three lines of instructions and therefore I cannot access the image on the usb external hard drive if I wish to recover my system. I have a Lenovo laptop with the Windows-7 Home Premium operating system. What can be done to ensure that the recovery disc will work?

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  • /dev/sda1 not a subset of /dev/sda?

    - by Guillaume Brunerie
    Hi, the first entry of my partition table is: $ sudo hexdump -Cv -n 16 -s 446 /dev/sda 000001be 80 01 01 00 83 fe ff ff 3f 00 00 00 81 1c 20 03 |........?..... .| (-Cv describe the output format, -n 16 asks for 16 bytes and -s 446 skips the first 446 bytes) You can see that my first partition is a primary Linux partition and that this partition begin at sector 63 (see for example here for the structure of the partition table). I would then expect that except for the first 63 sectors and the other partitions, /dev/sda1 and /dev/sda are exactly the same. But this is not the case, the sector #2 of /dev/sda1 is not exactly the same as the sector #65 of /dev/sda (but they are very similar, only 16 bytes are different): $ sudo hexdump -Cv -n 512 -s 65b /dev/sda 00008200 00 20 19 00 90 03 64 00 2d 00 05 00 5a 2f 56 00 |. ....d.-...Z/V.| 00008210 b6 b1 16 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |................| 00008220 00 80 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 20 00 00 d8 38 ee 4c |......... ...8.L| 00008230 9a 01 ef 4c 05 00 24 00 53 ef 01 00 01 00 00 00 |...L..$.S.......| 00008240 59 23 e9 4c 00 4e ed 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 |Y#.L.N..........| 00008250 00 00 00 00 0b 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 3c 00 00 00 |............<...| 00008260 42 02 00 00 7b 00 00 00 85 23 eb f2 71 67 44 f5 |B...{....#..qgD.| 00008270 bb 8f 6f f2 3a 59 ff 4d 55 62 75 6e 74 75 00 00 |..o.:Y.MUbuntu..| 00008280 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2f 75 62 75 6e 74 75 00 |......../ubuntu.| 00008290 d8 3c df 5d 00 88 ff ff 52 d0 ef 1d 00 00 00 00 |.<.]....R.......| 000082a0 c0 40 51 b6 00 88 ff ff 00 4e c8 bb 00 88 ff ff |[email protected]......| 000082b0 c0 f6 86 b8 00 88 ff ff 30 2e 0d a0 ff ff ff ff |........0.......| 000082c0 38 3d df 5d 00 88 ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 fe 03 |8=.]............| 000082d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000082e0 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 8a 53 d3 0e |.............S..| 000082f0 7c 7a 43 e4 8b fb ca e0 72 b7 fa c8 01 01 00 00 ||zC.....r.......| 00008300 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 16 4c 47 4b 0a f3 03 00 |.........LGK....| 00008310 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fe 7f 00 00 |................| 00008320 24 b7 0c 00 fe 7f 00 00 01 00 00 00 22 37 0d 00 |$..........."7..| 00008330 ff 7f 00 00 01 00 00 00 23 37 0d 00 00 00 00 00 |........#7......| 00008340 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 |................| 00008350 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 1c 00 |................| 00008360 01 00 00 00 e9 7f 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00008370 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 9f 7d bb 00 00 00 00 00 |.........}......| 00008380 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00008390 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000083a0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000083b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000083c0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000083d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000083e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000083f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| versus $ sudo hexdump -Cv -n 512 -s 2b /dev/sda1 00000400 00 20 19 00 90 03 64 00 2d 00 05 00 5a 2f 56 00 |. ....d.-...Z/V.| 00000410 b6 b1 16 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |................| 00000420 00 80 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 20 00 00 df 76 ef 4c |......... ...v.L| 00000430 df 76 ef 4c 06 00 24 00 53 ef 01 00 01 00 00 00 |.v.L..$.S.......| 00000440 59 23 e9 4c 00 4e ed 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 |Y#.L.N..........| 00000450 00 00 00 00 0b 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 3c 00 00 00 |............<...| 00000460 46 02 00 00 7b 00 00 00 85 23 eb f2 71 67 44 f5 |F...{....#..qgD.| 00000470 bb 8f 6f f2 3a 59 ff 4d 55 62 75 6e 74 75 00 00 |..o.:Y.MUbuntu..| 00000480 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2f 75 62 75 6e 74 75 00 |......../ubuntu.| 00000490 d8 3c df 5d 00 88 ff ff 52 d0 ef 1d 00 00 00 00 |.<.]....R.......| 000004a0 c0 40 51 b6 00 88 ff ff 00 4e c8 bb 00 88 ff ff |[email protected]......| 000004b0 c0 f6 86 b8 00 88 ff ff 30 2e 0d a0 ff ff ff ff |........0.......| 000004c0 38 3d df 5d 00 88 ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 fe 03 |8=.]............| 000004d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000004e0 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 8a 53 d3 0e |.............S..| 000004f0 7c 7a 43 e4 8b fb ca e0 72 b7 fa c8 01 01 00 00 ||zC.....r.......| 00000500 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 16 4c 47 4b 0a f3 03 00 |.........LGK....| 00000510 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fe 7f 00 00 |................| 00000520 24 b7 0c 00 fe 7f 00 00 01 00 00 00 22 37 0d 00 |$..........."7..| 00000530 ff 7f 00 00 01 00 00 00 23 37 0d 00 00 00 00 00 |........#7......| 00000540 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 |................| 00000550 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 1c 00 |................| 00000560 01 00 00 00 e9 7f 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000570 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 a3 7d bb 00 00 00 00 00 |.........}......| 00000580 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000590 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000005a0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000005b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000005c0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000005d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000005e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000005f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| For example in the third line, there is a 8.L in the first hexdump and v.L in the second. Why are there differences?

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  • Again WPA Connection problem even after changed to latest version ..please help

    - by Renjith G
    I am using hostapd, wireless tools with madwifi for my wireless ap in my board. The WEP, WPA-PSK connections and communications between my board with linux and my desktop PC, Windows XP SP2 (with Olitec USB wireless) are fine. But when I configured the WPA type, the connection seems established but shows the status "TKIP - Key Absent" in the security dialog box. Anyone faced this problem? Am attaching the conf files and the connection status. In the AP side am complaining . I am using the in built radius server conf with the hostapd 0.4.7 hostapd.conf interface=ath0 driver=madwifi logger_syslog=0 logger_syslog_level=0 logger_stdout=0 logger_stdout_level=0 debug=0 eapol_key_index_workaround=1 dump_file=/tmp/hostapd.dump.0.0 ssid=Renjith G wpa wpa=1 wpa_passphrase=mypassphrase wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-EAP wpa_pairwise=TKIP CCMP wpa_group_rekey=600 macaddr_acl=2 /* commented */ ieee8021x=1 /* commented */ eap_authenticator=1 own_ip_addr=172.16.25.1 nas_identifier=renjithg.com auth_server_addr=172.16.25.1 auth_server_port=1812 auth_server_shared_secret=key1 ca_cert=/flash1/ca.crt server_cert=/flash1/server.crt eap_user_file=/etc/hostapd.eap_user hostapd.eap_user "*@renjithg.com" TLS And the commands am using are wlanconfig ath0 create wlandev wifi0 wlanmode ap iwconfig ath0 essid Renjith channel 6 ifconfig ath0 192.168.25.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up hostapd -ddd /etc/hostapd.conf Please correct if am wrong .. Also am getting the debug messages on my AP when am connecting in my windows machine through WPA ~/wlanexe # ./hostapd -ddd /etc/hostapd.conf Configuration file: /etc/hostapd.conf Line 18: obsolete eap_authenticator used; this has been renamed to eap_server madwifi_set_iface_flags: dev_up=0 Using interface ath0 with hwaddr 00:0b:6b:33:8c:30 and ssid 'Renjith G wpa' madwifi_set_ieee8021x: enabled=1 madwifi_configure_wpa: group key cipher=1 madwifi_configure_wpa: pairwise key ciphers=0xa madwifi_configure_wpa: key management algorithms=0x1 madwifi_configure_wpa: rsn capabilities=0x0 madwifi_configure_wpa: enable WPA= 0x1 madwifi_set_iface_flags: dev_up=1 madwifi_set_privacy: enabled=1 WPA: group state machine entering state GTK_INIT GMK - hexdump(len=32): 9c 77 cd 38 5a 60 3b 16 8a 22 90 e8 65 b3 c2 86 40 5c be c3 dd 84 3e df 58 1d 16 61 1d 13 d1 f2 GTK - hexdump(len=32): 02 78 d7 d3 5d 15 e3 89 9c 62 a8 fe 8a 0f 40 28 ba dc cd bc 07 f4 59 88 1c 08 84 2b 49 3d e2 32 WPA: group state machine entering state SETKEYSDONE madwifi_set_key: alg=TKIP addr=00:00:00:00:00:00 key_idx=1 Flushing old station entries madwifi_sta_deauth: addr=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff reason_code=3 Deauthenticate all stations l2_packet_receive - recvfrom: Network is down Wireless event: cmd=0x8c03 len=20 New STA WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state INITIALIZE madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK_GROUP entering state IDLE WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state AUTHENTICATION WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state AUTHENTICATION2 IEEE 802.1X: 4 bytes from 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 IEEE 802.1X: version=1 type=1 length=0 Wireless event: cmd=0x8c04 len=20 madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state DISCONNECTED WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state INITIALIZE madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument Wireless event: cmd=0x8c03 len=20 New STA WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state INITIALIZE madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK_GROUP entering state IDLE WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state AUTHENTICATION WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state AUTHENTICATION2 IEEE 802.1X: 4 bytes from 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 IEEE 802.1X: version=1 type=1 length=0 < Register Fail < Register Fail Wireless event: cmd=0x8c04 len=20 madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state DISCONNECTED WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state INITIALIZE madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument Wireless event: cmd=0x8c03 len=20 New STA WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state INITIALIZE madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK_GROUP entering state IDLE WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state AUTHENTICATION WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state AUTHENTICATION2 IEEE 802.1X: 4 bytes from 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 IEEE 802.1X: version=1 type=1 length=0 NOW am getting the following error message with latest tools. *This is the latest error messages..please refer this only..* ~/wlanexe # ./hostapd -ddd /etc/hostapd.conf TLS: Trusted root certificate(s) loaded madwifi_set_iface_flags: dev_up=0 madwifi_set_privacy: enabled=0 BSS count 1, BSSID mask ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff (0 bits) Flushing old station entries madwifi_sta_deauth: addr=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff reason_code=3 ioctl[IEEE80211_IOCTL_SETMLME]: Invalid argument madwifi_sta_deauth: Failed to deauth STA (addr ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff reason 3) Could not connect to kernel driver. Deauthenticate all stations madwifi_sta_deauth: addr=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff reason_code=2 ioctl[IEEE80211_IOCTL_SETMLME]: Invalid argument madwifi_sta_deauth: Failed to deauth STA (addr ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff reason 2) madwifi_set_privacy: enabled=0 madwifi_del_key: addr=00:00:00:00:00:00 key_idx=0 madwifi_del_key: addr=00:00:00:00:00:00 key_idx=1 madwifi_del_key: addr=00:00:00:00:00:00 key_idx=2 madwifi_del_key: addr=00:00:00:00:00:00 key_idx=3 Using interface ath0 with hwaddr 00:0b:6b:33:8c:30 and ssid 'RenjithGwpa' SSID - hexdump_ascii(len=11): 52 65 6e 6a 69 74 68 47 77 70 61 RenjithGwpa PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=12): 6d 79 70 61 73 73 70 68 72 61 73 65 mypassphrase PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): a6 55 3e 76 94 8b d9 81 a1 22 5e 24 29 83 33 86 11 a8 7e 93 19 7c a9 ab ab cc 12 58 37 e5 35 b6 RADIUS local address: 172.16.25.1:1024 madwifi_set_ieee8021x: enabled=1 madwifi_configure_wpa: group key cipher=1 madwifi_configure_wpa: pairwise key ciphers=0xa madwifi_configure_wpa: key management algorithms=0x1 madwifi_configure_wpa: rsn capabilities=0x0 madwifi_configure_wpa: enable WPA=0x1 WPA: group state machine entering state GTK_INIT (VLAN-ID 0) GMK - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED] GTK - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED] WPA: group state machine entering state SETKEYSDONE (VLAN-ID 0) madwifi_set_key: alg=TKIP addr=00:00:00:00:00:00 key_idx=1 madwifi_set_privacy: enabled=1 madwifi_set_iface_flags: dev_up=1 ath0: Setup of interface done. l2_packet_receive - recvfrom: Network is down Wireless event: cmd=0x8b1a len=24 Wireless event: cmd=0x8c03 len=20 New STA ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument madwifi_process_wpa_ie: Failed to get WPA/RSN IE Failed to get WPA/RSN information element. Data frame from not associated STA 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 Wireless event: cmd=0x8c04 len=20 Wireless event: cmd=0x8c03 len=20 New STA ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument madwifi_process_wpa_ie: Failed to get WPA/RSN IE Failed to get WPA/RSN information element. Data frame from not associated STA 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 Data frame from not associated STA 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 Data frame from not associated STA 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 Wireless event: cmd=0x8c04 len=20 Wireless event: cmd=0x8c03 len=20 New STA ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument madwifi_process_wpa_ie: Failed to get WPA/RSN IE Failed to get WPA/RSN information element. Data frame from not associated STA 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09

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  • western digital caviar black. EXT4-fs error [migrated]

    - by azat
    Recently I update my HDD on desktop machine, and bought WD Caviar Black. But after I format & copy information to it (using dd), and fix partitions size: I have next errors in kern.log: Aug 27 16:04:35 home-spb kernel: [148265.326264] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 9054, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:07:11 home-spb kernel: [148421.493483] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 9045, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:17 home-spb kernel: [148546.481693] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 10299, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:17 home-spb kernel: [148546.487147] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.258711] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 4345, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.277591] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.278202] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 4344, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.284760] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.291983] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 9051, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.297495] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.297916] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 9050, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.297940] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.303213] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 4425, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.312127] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.312487] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 4424, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.317858] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.322231] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 4336, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.326250] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.326599] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 4335, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.332397] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.341957] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 5764, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.350709] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.351127] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 5763, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.355916] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:43 home-spb kernel: [148572.401055] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 10063, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:43 home-spb kernel: [148572.404357] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:43 home-spb kernel: [148572.414699] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 10073, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:43 home-spb kernel: [148572.420411] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:43 home-spb kernel: [148572.493933] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 9059, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:43 home-spb kernel: [148572.493956] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. One time, machine rebooted (not manually), when I turn it on, it runs fsck on /dev/sdc2 and fix some errors and some files are missing on /dev/sdc2 I'v check /dev/sdc2 for badblocks, it doesn't have it ( using e2fsck -c /dev/sdc2 ) Here is the output of fsck http://pastebin.com/D5LmLVBY What else I can do to understand what's wrong here? BTW for /dev/sdc1 no message like that, in kern.log Linux version: 3.3.0 Distributive: Debian wheezy

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  • Proper network configuration for a KVM guest to be on the same networks at the host

    - by Steve Madsen
    I am running a Debian Linux server on Lenny. Within it, I am running another Lenny instance using KVM. Both servers are externally available, with public IPs, as well as a second interface with private IPs for the LAN. Everything works fine, except the VM sees all network traffic as originating from the host server. I suspect this might have something to do with the iptables-based firewall I'm running on the host. What I'd like to figure out is: how to I properly configure the host's networking such that all of these requirements are met? Both host and VMs have 2 network interfaces (public and private). Both host and VMs can be independently firewalled. Ideally, VM traffic does not have to traverse the host firewall. VMs see real remote IP addresses, not the host's. Currently, the host's network interfaces are configured as bridges. eth0 and eth1 do not have IP addresses assigned to them, but br0 and br1 do. /etc/network/interfaces on the host: # The primary network interface auto br1 iface br1 inet static address 24.123.138.34 netmask 255.255.255.248 network 24.123.138.32 broadcast 24.123.138.39 gateway 24.123.138.33 bridge_ports eth1 bridge_stp off auto br1:0 iface br1:0 inet static address 24.123.138.36 netmask 255.255.255.248 network 24.123.138.32 broadcast 24.123.138.39 # Internal network auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_stp off This is the libvirt/qemu configuration file for the VM: <domain type='kvm'> <name>apps</name> <uuid>636b6620-0949-bc88-3197-37153b88772e</uuid> <memory>393216</memory> <currentMemory>393216</currentMemory> <vcpu>1</vcpu> <os> <type arch='i686' machine='pc'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <acpi/> <apic/> <pae/> </features> <clock offset='utc'/> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>restart</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='cdrom'> <target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/> <readonly/> </disk> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <source file='/raid/kvm-images/apps.qcow2'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> </disk> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='54:52:00:27:5e:02'/> <source bridge='br0'/> <model type='virtio'/> </interface> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='54:52:00:40:cc:7f'/> <source bridge='br1'/> <model type='virtio'/> </interface> <serial type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </serial> <console type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </console> <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/> <graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes' keymap='en-us'/> </devices> </domain> Along with the rest of my firewall rules, the firewalling script includes this command to pass packets destined for a KVM guest: # Allow bridged packets to pass (for KVM guests). iptables -A FORWARD -m physdev --physdev-is-bridged -j ACCEPT (Not applicable to this question, but a side-effect of my bridging configuration appears to be that I can't ever shut down cleanly. The kernel eventually tells me "unregister_netdevice: waiting for br1 to become free" and I have to hard reset the system. Maybe a sign I've done something dumb?)

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  • Launching mysql server: same permissions for root and for user

    - by toinbis
    Hi folks, have been directed here from stackoverflow here, am reposting the question and adding my.cnf at the end of a post. so far in my 10+ years experience with linux, all the permission problems I've ever encountered, have been successfully solved with chmod -R 777 /path/where/the/problem/has/occured (every lie has a grain of truth in it :) This time the trick doesn't work, so I'm turning to you for help. I'm compiling mysql server from scratch with zc.buildout (www . buildout . org). I do launch it by executing /home/toinbis/.../parts/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe, this works. The thing is that i'll be launching this from within supervisor (supervisord . org) script, and when used on the deployment server, it'll need it to be launched with root permissions(so that nginx server, launched with the same script, would have access to 80 port). The problem is that sudo /home/toinbis/.../parts/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe, fails, generating the error, posted bellow, in mysql error log (apache and nginx works as expected). http://lists.mysql.com/mysql/216045 suggests, that "there are two errors: A missing table and a file system that mysqld doesn't have access to". Mysqldatadir and all the mysql server binary files has 777 permissions, talbe mysql.plugin does exist and has 777 permissions (why Can't open the mysql.plugin table?), "sudo touch mysql_datadir/tmp/file" does create file (why Can't create/write to file /home/toinbis/.../runtime/mysql_datadir/tmp/ib4e9Huz?). chgrp -R mysql mysql_datadir and adding "root, toinbis, mysql" users to mysql group ( cat /etc/group | grep mysql outputs mysql:x:124:root,toinbis,mysql) has no effect - when i launch it as a casual user, it starts, when as a root - it fails. Does mysql server, even started as root, tries to operate as other, let's say, 'mysql' user? but even in that case, adding mysql user to mysql group and making all the mysql_datadirs files belong to mysql group should make things work smoothly. I do know that it might be a better idea to simply to launch one the nginx as root and mysql - as just a user, but this error irritated me enough so to devote enough energy so not to only "make things work", but to also make things work exactly as i wanted it initially, so to have a proof of concept that it's possible. and this is the generated error: 091213 20:02:55 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /home/toinbis/.../runtime/mysql_datadir /home/toinbis/.../parts/mysql/libexec/mysqld: Table 'plugin' is read only 091213 20:02:55 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it. /home/toinbis/.../parts/mysql/libexec/mysqld: Can't create/write to file '/home/toinbis/.../runtime/mysql_datadir/tmp/ib4e9Huz' (Errcode: 13) 091213 20:02:55 InnoDB: Error: unable to create temporary file; errno: 13 091213 20:02:55 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error. 091213 20:02:55 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed. 091213 20:02:55 [ERROR] Can't start server : Bind on unix socket: Permission denied 091213 20:02:55 [ERROR] Do you already have another mysqld server running on socket: /home/toinbis/.../runtime/var/pids/mysql.sock ? 091213 20:02:55 [ERROR] Aborting 091213 20:02:55 [Note] /home/toinbis/.../parts/mysql/libexec/mysqld: Shutdown complete 091213 20:02:55 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /home/toinbis/.../runtime/var/pids/mysql.pid ended My my.cnf (the basedir and datadir(including tempdir) have chmod -R 777 permissions) : [client] socket = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/var/pids/mysql.sock port = 8002 [mysqld_safe] socket = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/var/pids/mysql.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # socket = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/var/pids/mysql.sock port = 8002 pid-file = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/var/pids/mysql.pid basedir = /home/toinbis/.../parts/mysql datadir = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/mysql_datadir tmpdir = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/mysql_datadir/tmp skip-external-locking bind-address = 127.0.0.1 log-error =/home/toinbis/.../runtime/logs/mysql_errorlog # # * Fine Tuning # key_buffer = 16M max_allowed_packet = 32M thread_stack = 128K thread_cache_size = 8 myisam-recover = BACKUP #max_connections = 100 #table_cache = 64 #thread_concurrency = 10 # # * Query Cache Configuration # query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_size = 16M # # * Logging and Replication # # Both location gets rotated by the cronjob. # Be aware that this log type is a performance killer. #log = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/logs/mysql_logs/mysql.log # # Error logging goes to syslog. This is a Debian improvement :) # # Here you can see queries with especially long duration #log_slow_queries = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/logs/mysql_logs/mysql-slow.log #long_query_time = 2 #log-queries-not-using-indexes # # The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication. #server-id = 1 #log_bin = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/mysql_datadir/mysql-bin.log #binlog_format = ROW #read_only = 0 #expire_logs_days = 10 #max_binlog_size = 100M #sync_binlog = 1 #binlog_do_db = include_database_name #binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name # # * InnoDB # innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_buffer_pool_size=64M innodb_log_file_size=16M innodb_log_buffer_size=8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 innodb_file_per_table innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1 [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 32M [mysql] #no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completion [isamchk] key_buffer = 16M Any ideas much appreciated! regards, to P.S. sorry for messy hyperlinks, it's my first post and anti-spam feature of SF doesn't allow to post them properly :)

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  • Install compiled linux program on multiple computers

    - by jtnire
    I'm sorry if this sounds like a silly question, but when I compile something on linux using the usual "./configure, make, make install" steps, how can I install the programs on other servers without having to recompile? I am trying to avoid having to install the build tools on production servers, however I need the latest version of a particular piece of software, so using RPMs isn't an option in this case. Any help is appreciated. Thanks

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  • Easiest way to send mail from Linux Server

    - by QAH
    Hello everyone! I want my server to send me email alerts every time it does things such as run a backup. I have tried to setup programs like Sendmail, Postfix, etc on my Ubuntu Server box and it is really a pain for me to get it working. Is there any online service or some easy gateway where my server can send email alerts? If not, is there any easy scripts to get a Linux mail program up and running? Thanks

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  • Starting/Stopping Custom PHP Chat Server Linux Service (CentOS)

    - by chad
    I have been trying all night to get this service working properly. I created this script from a template and am very new to bash coding. I wrote a fully functioning chat server in php which runs endlessly, but now want to make it a dedicated service. I want to do this so that it starts on server boot and boots back up if possible when there are any down-times with the server. The issue is that I need this thing to run in a detached screen so that I can monitor packet data or send server commands via SSH when need-be. The main problem that i'm having is that it needs to have its own PID when it starts so that I can stop/restart it when needed. I am the type who grinds on coding until I figure it out, but this is so new to me that it seems the learning curve here is very steep and frustrating. Below is my code if anybody can please help me with this one, i've gotten so tired I can't even concentrate any more :( #!/bin/sh # # chatserver # # chkconfig: 345 20 90 # description: chatServer Linux Service Daemon \ # for general server handling ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: chatserver # Required-Start: $local_fs $network $named $syslog # Required-Stop: $local_fs $syslog # Default-Start: 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 2 6 # Short-Description: This service maintains the chatServer # Description: chatServer Linux Service Daemon # for general server handling ### END INIT INFO # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions exec="screen php -q /var/www/html/chatServer.php" prog="chatserver" config="/etc/sysconfig/$prog" pidfile="/var/run/chatserver.pid" [ -e /etc/sysconfig/$prog ] && . /etc/sysconfig/$prog lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/$prog start() { #$exec || exit 5 echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $exec --name=$exec --pidfile=$pidfile retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile return $retval } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc -p $pidfile rm -f $pidfile retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile return $retval } restart() { stop start } reload() { restart } force_reload() { restart } rh_status() { # run checks to determine if the service is running or use generic status status $prog } rh_status_q() { rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 } case "$1" in start) rh_status_q && exit 0 $1 ;; stop) rh_status_q || exit 0 $1 ;; restart) $1 ;; reload) rh_status_q || exit 7 $1 ;; force-reload) force_reload ;; status) rh_status ;; condrestart|try-restart) rh_status_q || exit 0 restart ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}" exit 2 esac exit $?

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  • Creating Persistent Drive Labels With UDEV Using /dev/disk/by-path

    - by Matt
    I have a new BackBlaze Pod (BackBlaze Pod 2.0). It has 45 3TB drives and they when I first set it up they were labeled /dev/sda through /dev/sdz and /dev/sdaa through /dev/sdas. I used mdadm to setup three really big 15 drive RAID6 arrays. However, since first setup a few weeks ago I had a couple of the hard drives fail on me. I've replaced them but now the arrays are complaining because they can't find the missing drives. When I list the the disks... ls -l /dev/sd* I see that /dev/sda /dev/sdf /dev/sdk /dev/sdp no longer appear and now there are 4 new ones... /dev/sdau /dev/sdav /dev/sdaw /dev/sdax I also just found that I can do this... ls -l /dev/disk/by-path/ total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 -> ../../sdau lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-0:1:0:0 -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-0:2:0:0 -> ../../sdc lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-0:3:0:0 -> ../../sdd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-0:4:0:0 -> ../../sde lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-2:0:0:0 -> ../../sdae lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-2:1:0:0 -> ../../sdg lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-2:2:0:0 -> ../../sdh lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-2:3:0:0 -> ../../sdi lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-2:4:0:0 -> ../../sdj lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-3:0:0:0 -> ../../sdav lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-3:1:0:0 -> ../../sdl lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-3:2:0:0 -> ../../sdm lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-3:3:0:0 -> ../../sdn lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-3:4:0:0 -> ../../sdo lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 -> ../../sdax lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-0:1:0:0 -> ../../sdq lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-0:2:0:0 -> ../../sdr lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-0:3:0:0 -> ../../sds lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-0:4:0:0 -> ../../sdt lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-2:0:0:0 -> ../../sdu lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-2:1:0:0 -> ../../sdv lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-2:2:0:0 -> ../../sdw lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-2:3:0:0 -> ../../sdx lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-2:4:0:0 -> ../../sdy lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-3:0:0:0 -> ../../sdz I didn't list them all....you can see the problem above. They're sorted by scsi id here but sda is missing...replaced by sdau...etc... So obviously the arrays are complaining. Is it possible to get Linux to reread the drive labels in the correct order or am I screwed? My initial design with 15 drive arrays is not ideal. With 3TB drives the rebuild times were taking 3 or 4 days....maybe more. I'm scrapping the whole design and I think I am going to go with 6 x 7 RAID5 disk arrays and 3 hot spares to make the arrays a bit easier to manage and shorten the rebuild times. But I'd like to clean up the drive labels so they aren't out of order. I haven't figured out how to do this yet. Does anyone know how to get this straightened out? Thanks, Matt

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  • Freeradius on Linux with dynamic VLAN assignment via AD

    - by choki
    I've been trying to configure my freeradius server on Linux to authenticate users from an existing Active Directory (windows server 2003) and i've already done that. Now i need to assign VLANs to those users and i dont know how to :(. The logical procedure should be with an AD attribute but i haven't found which one nor how to read it from the AD to use it on the freeradius server... Can anyone help me with this or tell me where can i find a solution? Thanks in advance

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  • APT wedged by kernel version mismatch

    - by Leopd
    Apt is seemingly unable to do anything useful for me, repeatedly giving messages of this form: dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-server: linux-server depends on linux-image-server (= 3.2.0.37.44); however: Version of linux-image-server on system is 3.2.0.37.45. linux-server depends on linux-headers-server (= 3.2.0.37.44); however: Version of linux-headers-server on system is 3.2.0.37.45. dpkg: error processing linux-server (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured This is basically the same problem as I cannot install any package (linux-image-server, linux-server dependencies errors) which got closed Duplicate to an answer that is totally useless for this situation. None of the advice in that very generic answer about dependencies helps. Explicitly: sudo apt-get clean sudo apt-get autoclean sudo apt-get update all have no not effect. While sudo apt-get -f install sudo dpkg --configure -a sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade sudo apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes dist-upgrade all give some form of the error message above.

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  • Cross-platform distributed fault-tolerant (disconnected operation/local cache) filesystem

    - by Adrian Frühwirth
    We are facing a design "challenge" where we are required to set up a storage solution with the following properties: What we need HA a scalable storage backend offline/disconnected operation on the client to account for network outages cross-platform access client-side access from certainly Windows (probably XP upwards), possibly Linux backend integrates with AD/LDAP (permission management (user/group management, ...)) should work reasonably well over slow WAN-links Another problem is that we don't really know all possible use cases here, if people need to be able to have concurrent access to shared files or if they will only be accessing their own files, so a possible solution needs to account for concurrent access and how conflict management would look in this case from a user's point of view. This two years old blog posts sums up the impression that I have been getting during the last couple of days of research, that there are lots of current übercool projects implementing (non-Windows) clustered petabyte-capable blob-storage solutions but that there is none that supports disconnected operation nicely and natively, but I am hoping that we have missed an obvious solution. What we have tried OpenAFS We figured that we want a distributed network filesystem with a local cache and tested OpenAFS (which, as the only currently "stable" DFS supporting disconnected operation, seemed the way to go) for a week but there are several problems with it: it's a real pain to set up there are no official RHEL/CentOS packages the package of the current stable version 1.6.5.1 from elrepo randomly kernel panics on fresh installs, this is an absolute no-go Windows support (including the required Kerberos packages) is mystical. The current client for the 1.6 branch does not run on Windows 8, the current client for the 1.7 does but it just randomly crashes. After that experience we didn't even bother testing on XP and Windows 7. Suffice to say, we couldn't get it working and the whole setup has been so unstable and complicated to setup that it's just not an option for production. Samba + Unison Since OpenAFS was a complete disaster and no other DFS seems to support disconnected operation we went for a simpler idea that would sync files against a Samba server using Unison. This has the following advantages: Samba integrates with ADs; it's a pain but can be done. Samba solves the problem of remotely accessing the storage from Windows but introduces another SPOF and does not address the actual storage problem. We could probably stick any clustered FS underneath Samba, but that means we need a HA Samba setup on top of that to maintain HA which probably adds a lot of additional complexity. I vaguely remember trying to implement redundancy with Samba before and I could not silently failover between servers. Even when online, you are working with local files which will result in more conflicts than would be necessary if a local cache were only touched when disconnected It's not automatic. We cannot expect users to manually sync their files using the (functional, but not-so-pretty) GTK GUI on a regular basis. I attempted to semi-automate the process using the Windows task scheduler, but you cannot really do it in a satisfactory way. On top of that, the way Unison works makes syncing against Samba a costly operation, so I am afraid that it just doesn't scale very well or even at all. Samba + "Offline Files" After that we became a little desparate and gave Windows "offline files" a chance. We figured that having something that is inbuilt into the OS would reduce administrative efforts, helps blaming someone else when it's not working properly and should just work since people have been using this for years. Right? Wrong. We really wanted it to work, but it just doesn't. 30 minutes of copying files around and unplugging network cables/disabling network interfaces left us with (silent! there is only a tiny notification in Windows explorer in the statusbar, which doesn't even open Sync Center if you click on it!) undeletable files on the server (!) and conflicts that should not even be conflicts. In the end, we had one successful sync of a tiny text file, everything else just exploded horribly. Beyond that, there are other problems: Microsoft admits that "offline files" in Windows XP cannot cope with "large files" and therefore does not cache/sync them at all which would mean those files become unavailable if the connection drop In Windows 7 the feature is only available in the Professional/Ultimate/Enterprise editions. Summary Unless there is another fault-tolerant DFS that supports Windows natively I assume that stacking a HA Samba cluster on top of something like GlusterFS/Lustre/whatnot is the only option, but I hope that I am wrong here. How do other companies allow fault-tolerant network access to redundant storage in a heterogeneous environment with Windows?

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  • Good Linux disaster-ready filesystem?

    - by Felipe Solís
    I'm working on this emergency open wi-fi network project and it includes a local website (nginx + MySQL). In order to eliminate SPOFs, we're going to setup at least two of everything (server, switch, router, etc.). This network is thought to work when an earthquake strikes and it's very likely to a server to go to down, if so, we need to be able to boot them up and be operating as soon as possible. Do any of you know if any linux filesystem would work better than others in this scenario?

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  • connecting to internet via PC (Ubuntu Linux) on mobile phone (sony ericsson)

    - by Michel
    I have a Toshiba laptop with wi-fi connected internet. Now I wanna connect my phone to my laptop and use its Internet connection ( I can't buy new wi-fi or 3g supported mobile phone ). I have no problem connecting k610 to my laptop, and even shared my GPRS internet connection with my PC. but can't do contrary. How can I connect my k610 mobile (which not support wi-fi connections) to Internet via my Toshiba laptop ( with bluetooth ) ? P.S: My PC OS is Ubuntu Linux 9.10

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  • Install VLC 2.0.7 in CentOS 6.4?

    - by raaz
    I am keep failing in the installation process I have tried. I have started process as follows. yum install gcc dbus-glib-devel* lua-devel* libcddb wget http://download.videolan.org/pub/videolan/vlc/2.0.7/vlc-2.0.7.tar.xz tar -xf vlc-2.0.7.tar.xz && cd vlc-2.0.7 ./configure in the configure I am getting the error as follows configure: WARNING: No package 'libcddb' found: CDDB access disabled. checking for Linux DVB version 5... yes checking for DVBPSI... no checking gme/gme.h usability... no checking gme/gme.h presence... no checking for gme/gme.h... no checking for SID... no configure: WARNING: No package 'libsidplay2' found (required for sid). checking for OGG... no configure: WARNING: Library ogg >= 1.0 needed for ogg was not found checking for MUX_OGG... no configure: WARNING: Library ogg >= 1.0 needed for mux_ogg was not found checking for SHOUT... no configure: WARNING: Library shout >= 2.1 needed for shout was not found checking ebml/EbmlVersion.h usability... no checking ebml/EbmlVersion.h presence... no checking for ebml/EbmlVersion.h... no checking for LIBMODPLUG... no configure: WARNING: No package 'libmodplug' found No package 'libmodplug' found. checking mpc/mpcdec.h usability... no checking mpc/mpcdec.h presence... no checking for mpc/mpcdec.h... no checking mpcdec/mpcdec.h usability... no checking mpcdec/mpcdec.h presence... no checking for mpcdec/mpcdec.h... no checking for libcrystalhd/libcrystalhd_if.h... no checking mad.h usability... no checking mad.h presence... no checking for mad.h... no configure: error: Could not find libmad on your system: you may get it from http://www.underbit.com/products/mad/. Alternatively you can use --disable-mad to disable the mad plugin. [root@localhost vlc-2.0.7]# So I went to libmad http location and downloaded it and while doing make it gave me the errors.There are no errors at ./configure with libmad but make not going through. [root@localhost libmad-0.15.0b]# make (sed -e '1s|.*|/*|' -e '1b' -e '$s|.*| */|' -e '$b' \ -e 's/^.*/ *&/' ./COPYRIGHT; echo; \ echo "# ifdef __cplusplus"; \ echo 'extern "C" {'; \ echo "# endif"; echo; \ if [ ".-DFPM_INTEL" != "." ]; then \ echo ".-DFPM_INTEL" | sed -e 's|^\.-D|# define |'; echo; \ fi; \ sed -ne 's/^# *define *\(HAVE_.*_ASM\).*/# define \1/p' \ config.h; echo; \ sed -ne 's/^# *define *OPT_\(SPEED\|ACCURACY\).*/# define OPT_\1/p' \ config.h; echo; \ sed -ne 's/^# *define *\(SIZEOF_.*\)/# define \1/p' \ config.h; echo; \ for header in version.h fixed.h bit.h timer.h stream.h frame.h synth.h decoder.h; do \ echo; \ sed -n -f ./mad.h.sed ./$header; \ done; echo; \ echo "# ifdef __cplusplus"; \ echo '}'; \ echo "# endif") >mad.h make all-recursive make[1]: Entering directory `/home/raja/Downloads/libmad-0.15.0b' make[2]: Entering directory `/home/raja/Downloads/libmad-0.15.0b' if /bin/sh ./libtool --mode=compile gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I. -DFPM_INTEL -DASO_ZEROCHECK -Wall -march=i486 -g -O -fforce-mem -fforce-addr -fthread-jumps -fcse-follow-jumps -fcse-skip-blocks -fexpensive-optimizations -fregmove -fschedule-insns2 -fstrength-reduce -MT version.lo -MD -MP -MF ".deps/version.Tpo" \ -c -o version.lo `test -f 'version.c' || echo './'`version.c; \ then mv -f ".deps/version.Tpo" ".deps/version.Plo"; \ else rm -f ".deps/version.Tpo"; exit 1; \ fi mkdir .libs gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I. -DFPM_INTEL -DASO_ZEROCHECK -Wall -march=i486 -g -O -fforce-mem -fforce-addr -fthread-jumps -fcse-follow-jumps -fcse-skip-blocks -fexpensive-optimizations -fregmove -fschedule-insns2 -fstrength-reduce -MT version.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/version.Tpo -c version.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/version.lo cc1: error: unrecognized command line option "-fforce-mem" make[2]: *** [version.lo] Error 1 make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/raja/Downloads/libmad-0.15.0b' make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/raja/Downloads/libmad-0.15.0b' make: *** [all] Error 2 how can i resolve the issue and install VLC in my Centos ? I am using CentOS 6.4 . Thank you.

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