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• Quaternion dfference + time --> angular velocity (gyroscope in physics library)

  - by AndrewK

  I am using Bullet Physic library to program some function, where I have difference between orientation from gyroscope given in quaternion and orientation of my object, and time between each frame in milisecond. All I want is set the orientation from my gyroscope to orientation of my object in 3D space. But all I can do is set angular velocity to my object. I have orientation difference and time, and from that I calculate vector of angular velocity [Wx,Wy,Wz] from that formula: W(t) = 2 * dq(t)/dt * conj(q(t)) My code is: btQuaternion diffQuater = gyroQuater - boxQuater; btQuaternion conjBoxQuater = gyroQuater.inverse(); btQuaternion velQuater = ((diffQuater * 2.0f) / d_time) * conjBoxQuater; And everything works well, till I get: 1 rotating around Y axis, angle about 60 degrees, then I have these values in 2 critical frames: x: -0.013220 y: -0.038050 z: -0.021979 w: -0.074250 - diffQuater x: 0.120094 y: 0.818967 z: 0.156797 w: -0.538782 - gyroQuater x: 0.133313 y: 0.857016 z: 0.178776 w: -0.464531 - boxQuater x: 0.207781 y: 0.290452 z: 0.245594 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: 3.153619 y: -66.947929 z: 175.936615 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: 4.290697 y: -57.553043 z: 173.320053 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 0.138128 y: 2.823307 z: 1.025552 w: 0.131360 - velQuater d_time: 0.058000 x: 0.211020 y: 1.595124 z: 0.303650 w: -1.143846 - diffQuater x: 0.089518 y: 0.771939 z: 0.144527 w: -0.612543 - gyroQuater x: -0.121502 y: -0.823185 z: -0.159123 w: 0.531303 - boxQuater x: nan y: nan z: nan - diffQuater -> euler angles x: 2.985240 y: -76.304405 z: -170.555054 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: 3.269681 y: -65.977966 z: 175.639420 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: -0.730262 y: -2.882153 z: -1.294721 w: 63.325996 - velQuater d_time: 0.063000 2 rotating around X axis, angle about 120 degrees, then I have these values in 2 critical frames: x: -0.013045 y: -0.004186 z: -0.005667 w: -0.022482 - diffQuater x: -0.848030 y: -0.187985 z: 0.114400 w: 0.482099 - gyroQuater x: -0.834985 y: -0.183799 z: 0.120067 w: 0.504580 - boxQuater x: 0.036336 y: 0.002312 z: 0.020859 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -113.129463 y: 0.731925 z: 25.415056 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -110.232368 y: 0.860897 z: 25.350458 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: -0.865820 y: -0.456086 z: 0.034084 w: 0.013184 - velQuater d_time: 0.055000 x: -1.721662 y: -0.387898 z: 0.229844 w: 0.910235 - diffQuater x: -0.874310 y: -0.200132 z: 0.115142 w: 0.426933 - gyroQuater x: 0.847352 y: 0.187766 z: -0.114703 w: -0.483302 - boxQuater x: -144.402298 y: 4.891629 z: 71.309158 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -119.515343 y: 1.745076 z: 26.646086 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -112.974533 y: 0.738675 z: 25.411509 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 2.086195 y: 0.676526 z: -0.424351 w: 70.104248 - velQuater d_time: 0.057000 2 rotating around Z axis, angle about 120 degrees, then I have these values in 2 critical frames: x: -0.000736 y: 0.002812 z: -0.004692 w: -0.008181 - diffQuater x: -0.003829 y: 0.012045 z: -0.868035 w: 0.496343 - gyroQuater x: -0.003093 y: 0.009232 z: -0.863343 w: 0.504524 - boxQuater x: -0.000822 y: -0.003032 z: 0.004162 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -1.415189 y: 0.304210 z: -120.481873 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -1.091881 y: 0.227784 z: -119.399445 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 0.159042 y: 0.169228 z: -0.754599 w: 0.003900 - velQuater d_time: 0.025000 x: -0.007598 y: 0.024074 z: -1.749412 w: 0.968588 - diffQuater x: -0.003769 y: 0.012030 z: -0.881377 w: 0.472245 - gyroQuater x: 0.003829 y: -0.012045 z: 0.868035 w: -0.496343 - boxQuater x: -5.645197 y: 1.148993 z: -146.507187 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -1.418294 y: 0.270319 z: -123.638245 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -1.415183 y: 0.304208 z: -120.481873 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 0.017498 y: -0.013332 z: 2.040073 w: 148.120056 - velQuater d_time: 0.027000 The problem is the most visible in diffQuater - euler angles vector. Can someone tell me why it is like that? and how to solve that problem? All suggestions are welcome.

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• Shader optimization - cg/hlsl pseudo and via multiplication

  - by teodron

  Since HLSL/Cg do not allow texture fetching inside conditional blocks, I am first checking a variable and performing some computations, afterwards setting a float flag to 0.0 or 1.0, depending on the computations. I'd like to trigger a texture fetch only if the flag is 1.0 or not null, for that matter of fact. I kind of hoped this would do the trick: float4 TU0_atlas_colour = pseudoBool * tex2Dlod(TU0_texture, float4(tileCoord, 0, mipLevel)); That is, if pseudoBool is 0, will the texture fetch function still be called and produce overhead? I was hoping to prevent it from getting executed via this trick that usually works in plain C/C++.

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• Low coupling and tight cohesion

  - by hidayat

  Of course it depends on the situation. But when a lower lever object or system communicate with an higher level system, should callbacks or events be preferred to keeping a pointer to higher level object? For example, we have a world class that has a member variable vector<monster> monsters. When the monster class is going to communicate with the world class, should I prefer using a callback function then or should I have a pointer to the world class inside the monster class?

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• isometric drawing order with larger than single tile images - drawing order algorithm?

  - by Roger Smith

  I have an isometric map over which I place various images. Most images will fit over a single tile, but some images are slightly larger. For example, I have a bed of size 2x3 tiles. This creates a problem when drawing my objects to the screen as I get some tiles erroneously overlapping other tiles. The two solutions that I know of are either splitting the image into 1x1 tile segments or implementing my own draw order algorithm, for example by assigning each image a number. The image with number 1 is drawn first, then 2, 3 etc. Does anyone have advice on what I should do? It seems to me like splitting an isometric image is very non obvious. How do you decide which parts of the image are 'in' a particular tile? I can't afford to split up all of my images manually either. The draw order algorithm seems like a nicer choice but I am not sure if it's going to be easy to implement. I can't solve, in my head, how to deal with situations whereby you change the index of one image, which causes a knock on effect to many other images. If anyone has an resources/tutorials on this I would be most grateful.

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• Should all new web projects build their backend based on xml/json result sets?

  - by Blankman

  If you were building a new Saas project, would it make sense to start with all of the backend services returning xml/json? Because these days you need to build for both the web and mobile devices, and having a backend that is build from the start to return xml and json, you are ready to go mobile (all services have the business logic, so you won't be repeating anything). Now the web would be MVC, so the controller would just be routing the request to your service backend, and converting the json or xml to html. The obviousl downside is that you have to build a backend, and then another web project that calls your backend. But this also goes to you favor as it forces you to seperate your concerns, and not leak business logic in your controller/view layer. Thoughts?

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• tunnel effect cocos2d

  - by samfisher

  I am looking to create a similar tunnel effect in COCOS2D (iOS). Could anyone suggest any pointers? ref Video 1 ref Video 2 Till now I have tried with several ring shape sprites with decreasing scale and positioned center to a same point and keeping Z decreasing as well for each smaller sprite. With that, animating it with CCScaleTo and changing the size to 2.0 with animation duration but it does not come anyway near to the tunnel effect shown in the reference. Thanks, sam

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• How to make an object stay relative to another object

  - by Nick

  In the following example there is a guy and a boat. They have both a position, orientation and velocity. The guy is standing on the shore and would like to board. He changes his position so he is now standing on the boat. The boat changes velocity and orientation and heads off. My character however has a velocity of 0,0,0 but I would like him to stay onboard. When I move my character around, I would like to move as if the boat was the ground I was standing on. How do keep my character aligned properly with the boat? It is exactly like in World Of Warcraft, when you board a boat or zeppelin. This is my physics code for the guy and boat: this.velocity.addSelf(acceleration.multiplyScalar(dTime)); this.position.addSelf(this.velocity.clone().multiplyScalar(dTime)); The guy already has a reference to the boat he's standing on, and thus knows the boat's position, velocity, orientation (even matrices or quaternions can be used).

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• How to fix bad Collada produced by FBX?

  - by David

  I tried to use the FBX SDK (2011.3.1) to load FBX files and save them as Collada files in order to be able to import FBX files in Panda3D. Unfortunately the resulting Collada files are not usable for several reasons, among them: There's a Maya specific extra technique diffuse <diffuse> <texture texture="Map__2-image" texcoord="CHANNEL0"> <extra> <technique profile="MAYA"> <wrapU sid="wrapU0">TRUE</wrapU> <wrapV sid="wrapV0">TRUE</wrapV> <blend_mode>ADD</blend_mode> </technique> </extra> </texture> </diffuse> It assigns a texcoord channel name that isn't referenced anywhere else in the file (in the previous code sample, no geometry uses "CHANNEL0"...) Every polygon is exported twice, a first time with a basic material (only diffuse color, specular color, etc.) and a second time with a textured material -- this doubles the number of polygons of each model without any valuable reason Anyway, the resulting Collada file cannot be opened correctly either with OpenCOLLADA or Panda3D's "dae2egg". Anyone has any experience on how to "fix" it and make it understandable by common and well-reputed Collada importers such as OpenCOLLADA?

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• libgdx intersection problem between rectangle and circle

  - by Chris

  My collision detection in libgdx is somehow buggy. player.png is 20*80px and ball.png 25*25px. Code: @Override public void create() { // ... batch = new SpriteBatch(); playerTex = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("data/player.png")); ballTex = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("data/ball.png")); player = new Rectangle(); player.width = 20; player.height = 80; player.x = Gdx.graphics.getWidth() - player.width - 10; player.y = 300; ball = new Circle(); ball.x = Gdx.graphics.getWidth() / 2; ball.y = Gdx.graphics.getHeight() / 2; ball.radius = ballTex.getWidth() / 2; } @Override public void render() { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); camera.update(); // draw player, ball batch.setProjectionMatrix(camera.combined); batch.begin(); batch.draw(ballTex, ball.x, ball.y); batch.draw(playerTex, player.x, player.y); batch.end(); // update player position if(Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Keys.DOWN)) player.y -= 250 * Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime(); if(Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Keys.UP)) player.y += 250 * Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime(); if(Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Keys.LEFT)) player.x -= 250 * Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime(); if(Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Keys.RIGHT)) player.x += 250 * Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime(); // don't let the player leave the field if(player.y < 0) player.y = 0; if(player.y > 600 - 80) player.y = 600 - 80; // check collision if (Intersector.overlaps(ball, player)) Gdx.app.log("overlaps", "yes"); }

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• Simultaneous AI in turn based games

  - by Eduard Strehlau

  I want to hack together a roguelike. Now I thought about entity and world representation and got to a quite big problem. If you want all the AI to act simultaneously you would normally(in cellular automa for examble) just copy the cell buffer and let all action of indiviual cells depend on the copy. Actions which are not valid anymore after some cell before the cell you are currently operating on changed the original enviourment(blocking the path) are just ignored or reapplied with the "current"(between turns) environment. After all cells have acted you copy the current map to the buffer again. Now for an environment with complex AI and big(datawise) entities the copying would take too long. So I thought you could put every action and entity makes into a que(make no changes to the environment) and execute the whole que after everyone took their move. Every interaction on this que are realy interacting entities, so if a entity tries to attack another entity it sends a message to it, the consequences of the attack would be visible next turn, either by just examining the entity or asking the entity for data. This would remove problems like what happens if an entity dies middle in the cue but got actions or is messaged later on(all messages would go to null, and the messages from the entity would either just be sent or deleted(haven't decided yet) But what would happen if a monster spawns a fireball which by itself tracks the player(in the same turn). Should I add the fireball to the enviourment beforehand, so make a change to the environment before executing the action list or just add the ball to the "need updated" list as a special case so it doesn't exist in the environment and still operates on it, spawing after evaluating the action list? Are there any solutions or papers on this subject which I can take a look at? EDIT: I don't need information on writing a roguelike I need information on turn based ai in respective to a complex enviourment.

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• How to move an UIView along a curved CGPath according to user dragging the view

  - by Felipe Cypriano

  I'm trying to build a interface that the user can move his finger around the screen an a list of images moves along a path. The idea is that the images center nevers leaves de path. Most of the things I found was about how to animate using CGPath and not about actually using the path as the track to a user movement. I need to objects to be tracked on the path even if the user isn't moving his fingers over the path. For example (image bellow), if the object is at the beginning of the path and the user touches anywhere on the screen and moves his fingers from left to right I need that the object moves from left to right but following the path, that is, going up as it goes to the right towards the path's end. This is the path I've draw, imagine that I'll have a view (any image) that the user can touch and drag it along the path, there's no need to move the finger exactly over the path. If the user move from left to right the image should move from left to right but going up if need following the path. This is how I'm creating the path: CGPoint endPointUp = CGPointMake(315, 124); CGPoint endPointDown = CGPointMake(0, 403); CGPoint controlPoint1 = CGPointMake(133, 187); CGPoint controlPoint2 = CGPointMake(174, 318); CGMutablePathRef path = CGPathCreateMutable(); CGPathMoveToPoint(path, NULL, endPointUp.x, endPointUp.y); CGPathAddCurveToPoint(path, NULL, controlPoint1.x, controlPoint1.y, controlPoint2.x, controlPoint2.y, endPointDown.x, endPointDown.y); Any idead how can I achieve this?

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• How to make unit selection circles merge?

  - by MaT

  I would like to know how to make this effect of merged circle selection. Here are images to illustrate: Basically I'm looking for this effect: How the merge effect of the circles can be achieved ? I didn't found any explanation concerning this effect. I know that to project those texture I can develop a decal system but I don't know how to create the merging effect. If possible, I'm looking for purely shaders solution.

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• How can I import models from Blender into jMonkeyEngine?

  - by Nathan Sabruka

  I have some blender model files (Blender version 2.6) which I would like to use with the jMonkeyEngine SDK. However, when I use Blender's native .obj exporter, I can't import it in jMonkeyEngine (the model simply fails to import or looks messed up). I've tried importing .obj files or .blend files directly into the jMonkeyEngine SDK to no avail. I've also tried to use various OGRE exporters to export .scene and .material files, but only the .scene file is created. Is there a simple way to simply export files from Blender into the jMonkeyEngine SDK? EDIT: I seem to have found something in Blender. When I go under addons, there's a warning in the OGRE exporter; "'.mesh' output requires OgreCommandLineTools". However, I have already installed those tools under the C drive. Has anyone else encountered this issue?

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• AI control for a ship with physics model

  - by Petteri Hietavirta

  I am looking for ideas how to implement following in 2D space. Unfortunately I don't know much about AI/path finding/autonomous control yet. Let's say this ship can move freely but it has mass and momentum. Also, external forces might affect it (explosions etc). The player can set a target for the ship at any time and it should reach that spot and stop. Without physics this would be simple, just point to the direction and go. But how to deal with existing momentum and then stopping on the spot? I don't want to modify ship's placement directly. edit: Just to make clear, the physics related math of the ship itself is not the problem.

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• Texturing a mesh generated from voxel data

  - by Minja

  I have implemented the Marching Cubes algorithm to display an isosurface based on voxel data. Currently, it is displayed with triplanar texturing. I'm working with unity, so I have a material with the triplanar shader attached. Now, the whole isosurface is rendered using this material. And thats my problem: I want the texture to represent the voxel data. I'm storing a material value for every point in the grid, and based on this value, I want the texture of the isosurface to change. Sadly, I have no clue how to do this. So if the voxel is sand, I want sand to be displayed; if it's stone, then there should be stone. Right now, everything is displayed as sand. Thanks in advance!

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• Increase animation speed according to the swipe speed in unity for Android

  - by rohit

  I have the animation done through Maya and brought the FBX file to unity. Here is my code to calculate the speed of the swipe: Vector2 speedMeasuredInScreenWidthsPerSecond =(Input.touches[0].deltaPosition / Screen.width) * Input.touches[0].deltaTime; Now I wanted to take speedMeasuredInScreenWidthsPerSecond and use it to increase the animation speed accordingly like this: animation["gmeChaAnimMiddle"].speed=Mathf.Round(speedMeasuredInScreenWidthsPerSecond); However, this results in an error that I need to convert Vector2 to float. So how do I overcome it?

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• Pathfinding and BSP with Box2D

  - by Amplify91

  I'm looking into implementing AI in my 2D side-scrolling platformer, and I'm looking into using algorithms such as A*. For many kinds of pathfinding, we need some sort of grid or systems of nodes or polygon areas. My problem is that I am using Box2d for physics and I am not sure how best to create a structure that my AI can use besides placing individual nodes manually (something I really want to avoid) and using some sort of steering behavior. My level design is tile-based with each tile being about half of the height/width of my main character. The tiles are not all square (some are sloped). I'd like to have a system that can see what the terrain looks like for pathfinding and also keep track of the positions of other actors such as enemies. I'd like to avoid directly placing any nodes into my level design except for possible endpoints or goals. This question is related: How do you do AI path following within a 2d physics engine like farseer/box2d?, but it doesn't specify what kind of structure I could use instead of a list of nodes. I'm looking for some kind of grid or type of BSP that I can query for algorithms like A*.

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• add collision detection to sprite?

  - by xBroak

  bassically im trying to add collision detection to the sprite below, using the following: self.rect = bounds_rect collide = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, wall_list, False) if collide: # yes print("collide") However it seems that when the collide is triggered it continuously prints 'collide' over and over when instead i want them to simply not be able to walk through the object, any help? def update(self, time_passed): """ Update the creep. time_passed: The time passed (in ms) since the previous update. """ if self.state == Creep.ALIVE: # Maybe it's time to change the direction ? # self._change_direction(time_passed) # Make the creep point in the correct direction. # Since our direction vector is in screen coordinates # (i.e. right bottom is 1, 1), and rotate() rotates # counter-clockwise, the angle must be inverted to # work correctly. # self.image = pygame.transform.rotate( self.base_image, -self.direction.angle) # Compute and apply the displacement to the position # vector. The displacement is a vector, having the angle # of self.direction (which is normalized to not affect # the magnitude of the displacement) # displacement = vec2d( self.direction.x * self.speed * time_passed, self.direction.y * self.speed * time_passed) self.pos += displacement # When the image is rotated, its size is changed. # We must take the size into account for detecting # collisions with the walls. # self.image_w, self.image_h = self.image.get_size() global bounds_rect bounds_rect = self.field.inflate( -self.image_w, -self.image_h) if self.pos.x < bounds_rect.left: self.pos.x = bounds_rect.left self.direction.x *= -1 elif self.pos.x > bounds_rect.right: self.pos.x = bounds_rect.right self.direction.x *= -1 elif self.pos.y < bounds_rect.top: self.pos.y = bounds_rect.top self.direction.y *= -1 elif self.pos.y > bounds_rect.bottom: self.pos.y = bounds_rect.bottom self.direction.y *= -1 self.rect = bounds_rect collide = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, wall_list, False) if collide: # yes print("collide") elif self.state == Creep.EXPLODING: if self.explode_animation.active: self.explode_animation.update(time_passed) else: self.state = Creep.DEAD self.kill() elif self.state == Creep.DEAD: pass #------------------ PRIVATE PARTS ------------------# # States the creep can be in. # # ALIVE: The creep is roaming around the screen # EXPLODING: # The creep is now exploding, just a moment before dying. # DEAD: The creep is dead and inactive # (ALIVE, EXPLODING, DEAD) = range(3) _counter = 0 def _change_direction(self, time_passed): """ Turn by 45 degrees in a random direction once per 0.4 to 0.5 seconds. """ self._counter += time_passed if self._counter > randint(400, 500): self.direction.rotate(45 * randint(-1, 1)) self._counter = 0 def _point_is_inside(self, point): """ Is the point (given as a vec2d) inside our creep's body? """ img_point = point - vec2d( int(self.pos.x - self.image_w / 2), int(self.pos.y - self.image_h / 2)) try: pix = self.image.get_at(img_point) return pix[3] > 0 except IndexError: return False def _decrease_health(self, n): """ Decrease my health by n (or to 0, if it's currently less than n) """ self.health = max(0, self.health - n) if self.health == 0: self._explode() def _explode(self): """ Starts the explosion animation that ends the Creep's life. """ self.state = Creep.EXPLODING pos = ( self.pos.x - self.explosion_images[0].get_width() / 2, self.pos.y - self.explosion_images[0].get_height() / 2) self.explode_animation = SimpleAnimation( self.screen, pos, self.explosion_images, 100, 300) global remainingCreeps remainingCreeps-=1 if remainingCreeps == 0: print("all dead")

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• Unexpected behaviour with glFramebufferTexture1D

  - by Roshan

  I am using render to texture concept with glFramebufferTexture1D. I am drawing a cube on non-default FBO with all the vertices as -1,1 (maximum) in X Y Z direction. Now i am setting viewport to X while rendering on non default FBO. My background is blue with white color of cube. For default FBO, i have created 1-D texture and attached this texture to above FBO with color attachment. I am setting width of texture equal to width*height of above FBO view-port. Now, when i render this texture to on another cube, i can see continuous white color on start or end of each face of the cube. That means part of the face is white and rest is blue. I am not sure whether this behavior is correct or not. I expect all the texels should be white as i am using -1 and 1 coordinates for cube rendered on non-default FBO. code: #define WIDTH 3 #define HEIGHT 3 GLfloat vertices8[]={ 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, -1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f,//face 1 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f,//face 2 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f,//face 3 -1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, -1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f,//face 4 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,//face 5 -1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f//face 6 }; GLfloat vertices[]= { 0.5f,0.5f,0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f,0.5f, -0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f, 0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f,//face 1 0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f, 0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f,//face 2 0.5f,0.5f,0.5f, 0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f, 0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f, 0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f,//face 3 -0.5f,0.5f,0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f,//face 4 0.5f,0.5f,0.5f, 0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f,0.5f,//face 5 -0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f, -0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f, 0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f, 0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f//face 6 }; GLuint indices[] = { 0, 2, 1, 0, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 14, 12, 14, 13, 16, 17, 18, 16, 18, 19, 20, 23, 22, 20, 22, 21 }; GLfloat texcoord[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 }; glGenTextures(1, &id1); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_1D, id1); glGenFramebuffers(1, &Fboid); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexImage1D(GL_TEXTURE_1D, 0, GL_RGBA, WIDTH*HEIGHT , 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,0); glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, Fboid); glFramebufferTexture1D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER,GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,GL_TEXTURE_1D,id1,0); draw_cube(); glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0); draw(); } draw_cube() { glViewport(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT); glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glEnableVertexAttribArray(glGetAttribLocation(temp.psId,"position")); glVertexAttribPointer(glGetAttribLocation(temp.psId,"position"), 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0,vertices8); glDrawArrays (GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, 24); } draw() { glClearColor(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glClearDepth(1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glEnableVertexAttribArray(glGetAttribLocation(shader_data.psId,"tk_position")); glVertexAttribPointer(glGetAttribLocation(shader_data.psId,"tk_position"), 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0,vertices); nResult = GL_ERROR_CHECK((GL_NO_ERROR, "glVertexAttribPointer(position, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0,vertices);")); glEnableVertexAttribArray(glGetAttribLocation(shader_data.psId,"inputtexcoord")); glVertexAttribPointer(glGetAttribLocation(shader_data.psId,"inputtexcoord"), 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0,texcoord); glBindTexture(*target11, id1); glDrawElements ( GL_TRIANGLES, 36,GL_UNSIGNED_INT, indices ); when i change WIDTH=HEIGHT=2, and call a glreadpixels with height, width equal to 4 in draw_cube() i can see first 2 pixels with white color, next two with blue(glclearcolor), next two white and then blue and so on.. Now when i change width parameter in glTeximage1D to 16 then ideally i should see alternate patches of white and blue right? But its not the case here. why so?

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• CreateRenderTarget returns 0x80070057 in big surface resolution

  - by senggen

  I have created the SLI merged desktop of three 1920x1680 monitors, so the desktop resolution is 5760x1080. There is a 0x80070057 error, while calling CreateRenderTarget to create the RT_Surface: IDirect3DSurface9* _render_surface; HRESULT hr = _device->CreateRenderTarget( _desktop_width * 2, _desktop_height + 1, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE, 0, TRUE, &_render_surface, NULL); It works OK with desktop resolution 1024x768, and the total resolution is 3072x768. In http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb174361(v=vs.85).aspx, it says If the method succeeds, the return value is D3D_OK. If the method fails, the return value can be one of the following: D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE, D3DERR_INVALIDCALL, D3DERR_OUTOFVIDEOMEMORY, E_OUTOFMEMORY. and no description about 0x80070057. HRESULT: 0x80070057 (2147942487) Name: E_INVALIDARG Description: An invalid parameter was passed to the returning function Somebody please help me.

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• What could cause a pixel shader to paint outside the lines of the vertex shader output?

  - by Rei Miyasaka

  From what I understand, the pixels that a pixel shader operates on are specified implicitly by the SV_POSITION output (in DirectX) of the vertex shader. What then could cause a pixel shader to render in the middle of nowhere? I used the new Visual Studio 2012 graphics debugger to visualize my vertex and pixel shader output. This is the output from a DrawIndexed() call that draws a cube: The pink part is the rendered output of the pixel shader, which takes the cube on its left as its input. The vertex shader code: cbuffer Buf { float4x4 final; }; struct In { float4 pos:POSITION; float3 norm:NORMAL; float2 texuv:TEXCOORD; }; struct Out { float4 col:COLOR; float2 tex:TEXCOORD; float4 pos:SV_POSITION; }; Out main(In input) { Out output; output.pos = mul(input.pos, final); output.col = float4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f); output.tex = input.texuv; return output; } And the pixel shader: struct In { float4 col:COLOR; float2 tex:TEXCOORD; float4 pos:SV_POSITION; }; float4 main(In input) : SV_TARGET { return input.col; } The raster stage is the only thing between the vertex shader and the pixel shader, so my suspicion is that it's some raster stage settings. But the raster stage shouldn't change the shape of the vertex shader output so drastically, should it?

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• How does flash store (represent) movieclips and sprites?

  - by humbleBee

  When we draw any object in flash and convert it into a movieclip or a sprite, how is it stored or represented in flash. I know in vector art it is stored or represented as line segments using formulae. Is there any way to get the vertices of the shape that was drawn? For example, lets say a simple rectangle is drawn and is converted to a movieclip. Is there anyway to obtain the vertices and the line segments from the sprite? So that its shape is obtained. Enough information should be obtained so that the shape can be replicated. That's the key - replication. In simple terms, where does flash store information about a shape that has been drawn so that we can obtain it and attempt to replicate the shape ourselves?

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• Missing z-axis rotation for transforming between two vectors

  - by Steve Baughman

  I'm trying to rotate a cube so that it's facing up, but am getting hung up on the final implementation details. It now reliably will rotate the x,y axis to the correct side, but the z-axis is never rotating (See photos of before and after rotation). When I'm using the code below I always get '0' for my rotationVector.z. What am I missing here? // Define lookAt vector lookAtVector = GLKVector3Make(0,0,1); // Define axes vectors axes[0] = GLKVector3Make(0,0,1); axes[1] = GLKVector3Make(-1,0,0); axes[2] = GLKVector3Make(0,1,0); axes[3] = GLKVector3Make(1,0,0); axes[4] = GLKVector3Make(0,-1,0); axes[5] = GLKVector3Make(0,0,-1); CGFloat highest_dot = -1.0; GLKVector3 closest_axis; for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { // multiply cube's axes by existing matrix GLKVector3 axis = GLKMatrix4MultiplyVector3(matrix, axes[i]); CGFloat dot = GLKVector3DotProduct(axis, lookAtVector); if(dot > highest_dot) { closest_axis = axis; highest_dot = dot; } } GLKVector3 rotationVector = GLKVector3CrossProduct(closest_axis, lookAtVector); // Get angle between vectors CGFloat angle = atan2(GLKVector3Length(rotationVector), GLKVector3DotProduct(closest_axis, lookAtVector)); // normalize the rotation vector rotationVector = GLKVector3Normalize(rotationVector); // Create transform CATransform3D rotationTransform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(angle, rotationVector.x, rotationVector.y, rotationVector.z); // add rotation transform to existing transformation baseTransform = CATransform3DConcat(baseTransform, rotationTransform); return baseTransform; Before 3d Rotation After 3d Rotation Implementation based on this post

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• List of bounding boxes?

  - by Christian Frantz

  When I create a bounding box for each object in my chunk, would it be better to store them in a list? List<BoundingBox> cubeBoundingBox Or can I just use a single variable? BoundingBox cubeBoundingBox The bounding boxes will be used for all types of things so they will be moving around. In any case, I'd be adding it to a method that gets called 2500+ times for each chunk, so either I have a giant list of them or 2500+ individual boxes. Is there any advantage to using one or the other?

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• Arcball 3D camera - how to convert from camera to object coordinates

  - by user38873

  I have checked multiple threads before posting, but i havent been able to figure this one out. Ok so i have been following this tutorial, but im not using glm, ive been implementing everything up until now, like lookat etc. http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenGL_Programming/Modern_OpenGL_Tutorial_Arcball So i can rotate with the click and drag of the mouse, but when i rotate 90º degrees around Y and then move the mouse upwards or donwwards, it rotates on the wrong axis, this problem is demonstrated on this part of the tutorial An extra trick is converting the rotation axis from camera coordinates to object coordinates. It's useful when the camera and object are placed differently. For instace, if you rotate the object by 90° on the Y axis ("turn its head" to the right), then perform a vertical move with your mouse, you make a rotation on the camera X axis, but it should become a rotation on the Z axis (plane barrel roll) for the object. By converting the axis in object coordinates, the rotation will respect that the user work in camera coordinates (WYSIWYG). To transform from camera to object coordinates, we take the inverse of the MV matrix (from the MVP matrix triplet). What i have to do acording to the tutorial is convert my axis_in_camera_coordinates to object coordinates, and the rotation is done well, but im confused on what matrix i use to do just that. The tutorial talks about converting the axis from camera to object coordinates by using the inverse of the MV. Then it shows these 3 lines of code witch i havent been able to understand. glm::mat3 camera2object = glm::inverse(glm::mat3(transforms[MODE_CAMERA]) * glm::mat3(mesh.object2world)); glm::vec3 axis_in_object_coord = camera2object * axis_in_camera_coord; So what do i aply to my calculated axis?, the inverse of what, i supose the inverse of the model view? So my question is how do you transform camera axis to object axis. Do i apply the inverse of the lookat matrix? My code: if (cur_mx != last_mx || cur_my != last_my) { va = get_arcball_vector(last_mx, last_my); vb = get_arcball_vector( cur_mx, cur_my); angle = acos(min(1.0f, dotProduct(va, vb)))*20; axis_in_camera_coord = crossProduct(va, vb); axis.x = axis_in_camera_coord[0]; axis.y = axis_in_camera_coord[1]; axis.z = axis_in_camera_coord[2]; axis.w = 1.0f; last_mx = cur_mx; last_my = cur_my; } Quaternion q = qFromAngleAxis(angle, axis); Matrix m; qGLMatrix(q,m); vi = mMultiply(m, vi); up = mMultiply(m, up); ViewMatrix = ogLookAt(vi.x, vi.y, vi.z,0,0,0,up.x,up.y,up.z);

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