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  • Relax Linux - it's just me! (filesystem permissions)

    - by Xeoncross
    One of my favorite things about Linux is also the most annoying - file system permissions. In production machines and web servers I love how everything is so secure and locked down - but on development machines it really slows me down. I'll give one example out of the many that I discover weekly. Like most people, I dual-boot Ubuntu and Windows so I can continue using the Adobe CS4 suite. I often design web themes and other things while I'm still using windows. Later I'll boot into Ubuntu to take the themes and write the backend PHP for them. After mounting the windows C: drive partition I can copy the template files over so I can begin editing them. However, thanks to Linux desire to protect me I find that after coping the files I end up with a totally locked set of files where even I don't have read-write permissions. So after carful consideration about the tremendous risks that the HTML files pose to me - I chmod them so that I and apache can begin using them. Now given, the chmod process isn't that hard - but after you chmod enough files per day you get sick of doing it. I'm constantly creating, fetch, editing, and removing files from my user, git repos, php, or other random processes. This is a personal development machine after all. Everything changes on a day by day basis. So my question is, how can I get linux to relax about what I'm doing with my HTML/JS/PHP/TXT/SQL/etc. files so that I can work faster without constantly stopping to chmod things? I pinky-promise I won't hack into my account with an HTML file. ;)

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  • How to create RPM for 32-bit arch from a 64-bit arch server?

    - by Gnanam
    Our production server is running CentOS5 64-bit arch. Because there are no RPM available currently for SQLite latest version (v3.7.3), I created RPM using rpmbuild the very first time by following the instructions given here. I was able to successfully create RPM for 64-bit (x86_64) architecture. But am not able to create RPM for 32-bit (i386) architecture. It failed with the following errors: ... ... ... + ./configure --build=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu --target=i386-redhat-linux-gnu --program-prefix= --prefix=/usr --exec-prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/bin --sbindir=/usr/sbin --sysconfdir=/etc --datadir=/usr/share --includedir=/usr/include --libdir=/usr/lib64 --libexecdir=/usr/libexec --localstatedir=/var --sharedstatedir=/usr/com --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --enable-threadsafe checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for gawk... gawk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking for style of include used by make... GNU checking for x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu-gcc... no checking for gcc... gcc checking for C compiler default output file name... configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables See `config.log' for more details. error: Bad exit status from /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.73141 (%build) RPM build errors: Bad exit status from /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.73141 (%build) This is the command I called: rpmbuild --target i386 -ba sqlite.spec My question is, how do I create RPM for 32-bit arch from a 64-bit arch server?

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  • Linux Mounting Problem

    - by Sam
    I have an Iomega Network Attached Storage device on my Windows network. I am trying to use a clonezilla live USB flash drive to backup my netbook to my Iomega Network Attached Storage device. The clonezilla USB flash drive runs linux. I'm having trouble getting the Network Attached Storage unit to mount using the following command: mount -t cifs -o username="myUsername" //192.168.1.100/backup /home/partimg The response from linux is: [134.730738] CIFS VFS: cifs_mount failed w/return code = -6 retrying with upper case share name [134.788461] CIFS VFS: cifs_mount failed w/return code = -6 mount error(6): No such device or address Refer to the mount.cifs(8) manual page (e.g. man mount.cifs) I also tried adding the following to my username: username="myUsername,domain=workgroup" but that did not change the error. I am able to ping the network attached storage unit from linux on my netbook. I also booted from a Slax Live USB Flash Drive and Slax auto-mounted my network attached storage unit via Samba. Unfortunately, I don't believe that I can run clonezilla from inside the Slax installation. Does anyone have any insight about what is wrong with my mount statement? Or is there something peculiar about Iomega drives which makes this impossible?

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  • No signal on monitor after plug it to a linux box

    - by yaroot
    I use my old computer as an NAS, so I remove the monitor after I installed linux on it (disconnect vga cable). I use ssh to control the machine and it works fine. Until some day, after kernel/softare upgrade or messing up some configs, I cannot connect to it through ssh, then I have to plug the monitor back, but the monitor says "No input signal". So I have to restart the computer WITH the monitor connected, and the monitor's back! I think the computer/linux kernel doesn't detect the monitor plug-in event. So how can I start my linux box without a monitor, but when it goes wrong I can still plug my monitor (vga) back and use the console. Edit: just one pci-e video card, has dvi, vga, tv/out (s-video) Edit2: Xorg is not running. I just need the console (CTRL+ALT+F1). The problem is, if the machine booted without a monitor connected, it won't give me a pseudo terminal after I attach the vga cable while it's running. Clearly the monitor is not auto detected as usb device. I'm wondering how to let the monitor auto detected.

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  • Re-sizing disk partition linux/vm

    - by Tiffany Walker
    I VM Player running a linux guest and I was wanting to know how do I expand the disk? In the VM player I gave more disk space but I am not sure how to mount/expand/connect the new disk space to the system. My old disk space was 14GB [root@localhost ~]# df -h / Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 14G 4.5G 8.2G 36% / Then I expanded it and now I see sda2 which is the new space? [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000cd44d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 14.5 GB, 14537457664 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1767 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 6408 MB, 6408896512 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 779 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Do I need to mount the new space first? resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 108849018880 resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) The containing partition (or device) is only 3549184 (4k) blocks. You requested a new size of 1474836480 blocks. resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 128849018880 resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) resize2fs: Invalid new size: 128849018880 [root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L+90GB /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root Extending logical volume lv_root to 103.54 GiB Insufficient free space: 23040 extents needed, but only 0 available [root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L90GB /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root Extending logical volume lv_root to 90.00 GiB Insufficient free space: 19574 extents needed, but only 0 available EDIT: So after trying pvcreate/vgextend nothing has so far worked. I'm guessing the new disk space added from VM Player is not showing up? pvscan PV /dev/sda2 VG VolGroup lvm2 [19.51 GiB / 0 free] Total: 1 [19.51 GiB] / in use: 1 [19.51 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]

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  • Linux Tuning for High Traffic JBoss Server with LDAP Binds

    - by Levi Stanley
    I'm configuring a high traffic Linux server (RedHat) and running into a limit I haven't been able to track down. I need to be able to handle sustained 300 requests per second throughput using Nginx and JBoss. The point of this server is to run checks on a user's account when that user signs in. Each request goes through Nginx to JBoss (specifically Torquebox with JBoss A7 with a Sinatra app) and then makes an LDAP request to bind that user and retrieve several attributes. It is during the bind that these errors occur. I'm able to reproduce this going directly to JBoss, so that rules out Nginx at least. I get a variety of error messages, though oddly JBoss stopped writing to the log file recently. It used to report errors about creating native threads. Now I just see "java.net.SocketException: Connection reset" and "org.apache.http.conn.HttpHostConnectException: Connection to http://my.awesome.server:8080 refused" as responses in jmeter. To the best of my knowledge, I have plenty of available file handles, processes, sockets, and ports, yet the issue persists. Unfortunately, I have very little experience tuning servers. I've found a couple useful documents - Ipsysctl tutorial 1.0.4 and Linux Tuning - but those documents are a bit over my head (and just entering the the configuration described in Linux Tuning doesn't fix my issue. Here are the configuration changes I've tried (webproxy is the user that runs Nginx and JBoss): /etc/security/limits.conf webproxy soft nofile 65536 webproxy hard nofile 65536 webproxy soft nproc 65536 webproxy hard nproc 65536 root soft nofile 65536 root hard nofile 65536 root soft nproc 65536 root hard nofile 65536 First attempt /etc/sysctl.conf sysctl net.core.somaxconn = 8192 sysctl net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768 65535 sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 15 sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1800 sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 35 sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 Second attempt /etc/sysctl.conf net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 30000 net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=htcp net.ipv4.tcp_mtu_probing=1 Any ideas what might be happening here? Or better yet, are there some good documentation resources designed for beginners?

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  • open source solution to a gateway for a network of a housing cooperative of 150 people

    - by SirDinosaur
    i just inherited a barely functioning network for a student housing cooperative of about 150 people. in it's current state, as i understand it from the previous person in charge of the network, we have working wireless access points and working ethernet cords going to working gigabit switches going to a barely functioning gateway (right now a simple home router) to one of three possible outbound connections. it is possible to connect to the network through the wireless or ethernet, but especially during peak hours, packets / connections are likely dropped or otherwise get no response. my intuition tells me to replace the gateway with something that can handle multiple outbound connections (WAN) and one inbound connection (LAN), while the rest of the network seems suitable for now. i'm somewhat knowledgable in Linux (been using Debian after first Arch Linux) and i want to use as much open source as possible, but i'm confused whether or not a simple server that i could easily understand will work for this situation. do i need specialized hardware to handle the switching more effectively? if so, what are my options? (i found this, thoughts?) or if a Debian server would work, anything else i should about the specs required for this type of server? also links to any useful information on using open source to maintain this type of network would be most appreciated. <3 P.S. crossposted http://redd.it/yybp2.

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  • Turn off monitor (energy saving) while in text console mode (in Linux)

    - by Denilson Sá
    How to configure Linux text console to automatically turn of the monitor after some time? And by "text console" I mean that thing that you get on ctrl+alt+F[1-6], which is what you get whenever X11 is not running. And, no, I'm not using any framebuffer console (it's a plain, good and old 80x25 text-mode). Many years ago, I was using Slackware Linux, and it used to boot up in text-mode. Then you would manually run startx after the login. Anyway, the main login "screen" was the plain text-mode console, and I remember that the monitor used to turn off (energy saving mode, indicated by a blinking LED) after some time. Now I'm using Gentoo, and I have a similar setup. The machine boots up in text-mode, and only rarely I need to run startx. I say this because this is mostly my personal Linux server, and there is no need to keep X11 running all the time. (which means: I don't want to use GDM/KDM or any other graphical login screen) But now, in this Gentoo text-mode console, the screen goes black after a while, but the monitor does not enter any energy-saving mode (the LED is always lit). Yes, I've waited long enough to verify this. Thus, my question is: how can I configure my current system to behave like the old one? In other words, how to make the text console trigger energy-saving mode of the monitor? (maybe I should (cross-)post this question to http://unix.stackexchange.com/ )

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  • Backing up default windows installation with dd from linux running on another partition - is this fe

    - by Marek
    I am preparing to reinstall my system. I am thinking about creating a multi boot with a linux distro+Windows 7 to choose from when starting up. I would love to be able to skip all the hassle of reinstalling Windows and all programs when it starts becoming too slow in the future, thus I would like to mirror my fresh Windows system partition with some programs preinstalled. I am thinking about installing Ubuntu, making a partition for windows, installing windows with the basic environment (Visual Studio, Office, etc.) then booting into Linux and making an image of the windows partition with dd. I am not familiar with linux at all so I am a little afraid something may go wrong along the way. Is it possible to do it this way? Will I be able to partition my existing disk for multi boot easily after I install Ubuntu? Will I be able to recover the Windows partition easily using dd when I will need to re-create a fresh windows partition in the future? What other (better) approach can you recommend to achieve the goal of easy disk mirroring (for free)?

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  • Access Existing Linux Installation from Windows Bootloader - Linux Installed and Then Windows 7

    - by nicorellius
    My hard drive is failing. I installed a new drive, and the installed Ubuntu 12.04 to try to rescue data. Realized that I wanted to install Windows and just access drives without transferring data (there are loads of it). I then installed Windows 7. Now my drive only boots to Windows 7. How do I access Linux and make Windows boot-loader load Linux? I originally thought I would just not use the Ubuntu installation but now I think I want it to be a dual boot system. What are good boot-loaders to install for this kind of dual boot situation? Can I accomplish this with BCDEdit? If I would have done this the other way (Windows first, then Linux) everything would be fine, but I didn't and now I'm trying to fix this. The problem I have is that I don't really know how to boot into Linux to retrieve any files I need. I guess using the disc would work, but I'm not sure how to go about this.

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  • Juniper’s Network Connect ncsvc on Linux: “host checker failed, error 10”

    - by hfs
    I’m trying to log in to a Juniper VPN with Network Connect from a headless Linux client. I followed the instructions and used the script from http://mad-scientist.us/juniper.html. When running the script with --nogui switch the command that gets finally executed is $HOME/.juniper_networks/network_connect/ncsvc -h HOST -u USER -r REALM -f $HOME/.vpn.default.crt. I get asked for the password, a line “Connecting to…” is printed but then the programm silently stops. When adding -L 5 (most verbose logging) to the command line, these are the last messages printed to the log: dsclient.info state: kStateCacheCleaner (dsclient.cpp:280) dsclient.info --> POST /dana-na/cc/ccupdate.cgi (authenticate.cpp:162) http_connection.para Entering state_start_connection (http_connection.cpp:282) http_connection.para Entering state_continue_connection (http_connection.cpp:299) http_connection.para Entering state_ssl_connect (http_connection.cpp:468) dsssl.para SSL connect ssl=0x833e568/sd=4 connection using cipher RC4-MD5 (DSSSLSock.cpp:656) http_connection.para Returning DSHTTP_COMPLETE from state_ssl_connect (http_connection.cpp:476) DSHttp.debug state_reading_response_body - copying 0 buffered bytes (http_requester.cpp:800) DSHttp.debug state_reading_response_body - recv'd 0 bytes data (http_requester.cpp:833) dsclient.info <-- 200 (authenticate.cpp:194) dsclient.error state host checker failed, error 10 (dsclient.cpp:282) ncapp.error Failed to authenticate with IVE. Error 10 (ncsvc.cpp:197) dsncuiapi.para DsNcUiApi::~DsNcUiApi (dsncuiapi.cpp:72) What does host checker failed mean? How can I find out what it tried to check and what failed? The HostChecker Configuration Guide mentions that a $HOME/.juniper_networks/tncc.jar gets installed on Linux, but my installation contains no such file. From that I concluded that HostChecker is disabled for my VPN on Linux? Are the POST to /dana-na/cc/ccupdate.cgi and “host checker failed” connected or independent? By running the connection over a SSL proxy I found out that the POST data is status=NOTOK (Funny side note: the client of the oh-so-secure VPN does not validate the server’s SSL certificate, so is wide open to MITM attacks…). So it seems that it’s the client that closes the connection and not the server.

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  • How to extend a Linux PV partition online after virtual disk growth

    - by Yves Martin
    VMware allows to extend the size of a virtual disk online - when the VM is running. The next expected steps for Linux system are: extend the partition: delete and create a larger one with fdisk extend the PV size with pvresize use free extents for lvresize operations and then resize2fs for file system But I am stuck on the first step: fdisk and sfdisk still display the old size for the disk. My disk is a SCSI virtual disk connected thanks to the virtual LSI Logic controller. How to refresh the virtual disk size and partition table information available in Linux kernel without reboot ? As far as I know all that steps are possible for a running Windows, without reboot and even without any user actions thanks to VMWare tools. On Linux, I expects to do all steps online too and I already know steps 2, 3 and 4 work online. But the first one - change partition size declared in the partition table (still) seems to require a reboot. Update: My system is a Debian Lenny with kernel 2.6.26 and the disk I have extended is the main disk with a large PV containing the "root" LV for "/".

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  • Avoid "privacy pitfalls" in Windows and Linux?

    - by Somebody still uses you MS-DOS
    I have a Windows and a Linux machine. In Windows, everytime I visit a site, a lot of cache/history files are created on my machine. I setup my Firefox to don't save anything. ...but Windows saves a lot of "temp" files, some strange files I opened in registry (like video names). Each video I open in VLC is shown in "Last shown videos". In windows, all files opened can be found at "Recent opened files" as well. A lot of these privacy configurations can be tweaked (VLC and "Recent opened files" in Windows) - it's a PITA doing it individually, but it's possible - but there isn't a guide to these "internal" privacy traces that are left on Windows installation. In Linux, I just know there are these problems in app level (like VLC). My question is: is there a complete guide to avoid undesirable traces of what I did/watch/used in my Windows machine? (Delete everytime the PC is restarted, or even avoiding recording these info at all) Is there a website with configuration guides to different types of software? I would like to know about Linux privacy pitfalls as well.

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  • mkfs Operation Takes Very Long on Linux Software Raid 5

    - by Elmar Weber
    I've set-up a Linux software raid level 5 consisting of 4 * 2 TB disks. The disk array was created with a 64k stripe size and no other configuration parameters. After the initial rebuild I tried to create a filesystem and this step takes very long (about half an hour or more). I tried to create an xfs and ext3 filesystem, both took a long time, with mkfs.ext3 I observed the following behaviour, which might be helpful: writing inode tables runs fast until it reaches 1053 (~ 1 second), then it writes about 50, waits for two seconds, then the next 50 are written (according to the console display) when I try to cancel the operation with Control+C it hangs for half a minute before it is really canceled The performance of the disks individually is very good, I've run bonnie++ on each one separately with write / read values of around 95 / 110MB/s. Even when I run bonnie++ on every drive in parallel the values are only reduced by about 10 MB. So I'm excluding hardware / I/O scheduling in general as a problem source. I tried different configuration parameters for stripe_cache_size and readahead size without success, but I don't think they are that relevant for the file system creation operation. The server details: Linux server 2.6.35-27-generic #48-Ubuntu SMP x86_64 GNU/Linux mdadm - v2.6.7.1 Does anyone has a suggestion on how to further debug this?

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  • Is my OCZ SSD aligned correctly? (Linux)

    - by Barney Gumble
    I have an OCZ Agility 2 SSD with 40 GB of space. I use it as a system drive in Debian Linux (Squeeze) and in my opinion it's really fast. But I've read a lot on aligning partitions and file systems... And I'm not sure if I succeeded in aligning the partitions correctly. Maybe the SSD could be even faster?? ;-) I use ext4 and here is the output of fdisk -cul: Disk /dev/sda: 40.0 GB, 40018599936 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4865 cylinders, total 78161328 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: [...] Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 73242623 36620288 83 Linux /dev/sda2 73244670 78159871 2457601 5 Extended /dev/sda5 73244672 78159871 2457600 82 Linux swap / Solaris My partitions were created just by the Debian Squeeze setup assistant. So I didn't care about the details of partitioning. But now I think maybe the installer didn't align it correctly? Actually, 2048 looks good to me (better than odd values like 63 or something like that) but I've no idea... ;-) Help plz! According to some "SSD Alignment Calculator" I found on the web, the OCZ SSDs have a NAND Erase Block Size of 512kB and their NAND Page Size is 4kB. 2048 is divisible by 4 and 512. So are the partitions aligned correctly?

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  • How to use SSH Public Key with PuTTY to connect to a Linux machine

    - by ysap
    I am trying to set a public SSH key connection from a Windows 7 machine to a Red-Hat Linux machine. The ultimate purpose is to use pscp (PuTTY's version of scp) from the command terminal w/o the need to type password repetitively. Following PuTTY's documentation and other online sources, I used PuTTYgen to generate a key pair. I then copied the generated public key to a ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file on the Linux machine (as far as I can tell, it runs OpenSSH server). To check the connection, I run PuTTY and set the username and private key file in the appropriate places in its GUI. However, when trying to connect using PuTTY's SSH, the connection uses the preset username, but I get an error message of "Server refused our key" and a prompt for the password. I then tried to copy-paste the public key text from PuTTYgen's GUI to the authorized_keys file, but it did not work either. How should I set up a public key connection form Win 7 to Linux? How do I use this with pscp (rather than PuTTY's ssh)?

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  • mkfs Operation Takes Very Long on Linux Software Raid 5

    - by Elmar Weber
    I've set-up a Linux software raid level 5 consisting of 4 * 2 TB disks. The disk array was created with a 64k stripe size and no other configuration parameters. After the initial rebuild I tried to create a filesystem and this step takes very long (about half an hour or more). I tried to create an xfs and ext3 filesystem, both took a long time, with mkfs.ext3 I observed the following behaviour, which might be helpful: writing inode tables runs fast until it reaches 1053 (~ 1 second), then it writes about 50, waits for two seconds, then the next 50 are written (according to the console display) when I try to cancel the operation with Control+C it hangs for half a minute before it is really canceled The performance of the disks individually is very good, I've run bonnie++ on each one separately with write / read values of around 95 / 110MB/s. Even when I run bonnie++ on every drive in parallel the values are only reduced by about 10 MB. So I'm excluding hardware / I/O scheduling in general as a problem source. I tried different configuration parameters for stripe_cache_size and readahead size without success, but I don't think they are that relevant for the file system creation operation. The server details: Linux server 2.6.35-27-generic #48-Ubuntu SMP x86_64 GNU/Linux mdadm - v2.6.7.1 Does anyone has a suggestion on how to further debug this?

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  • Partitioning & Linux

    - by Zac
    Every tutorial on Linux-based partitioning schemes (or, just partitioning in general) will tell you that a PC can have either 4 primary partitions, or 3 primaries and 1 extended. They will all also tell you that Linux (in my case, Ubuntu) can be installed on either. It's also come to my attention that it is not too atypical for FHS directories, such as usr/, tmp/, etc/, home/ or var/ to be mounted separately on other partitions. Several questions I am unable to find the answers to, purely for my own edification: (1) By "PC", are we really talking about common PC disk types, like IDE or SATA? I guess I'm wondering why PC uses are limited to 4 primaries or 3 primaries + 1 extended (2) I'm choking on some basic OS concepts: it is said that a partition can be mounted by a file system or an OS. So I assume this means I can somehow instruct Ubuntu to mount to 1 partition, and then any part of, say, ReiserFS, to be mounted to another partition? How? (3)(a) What about creating swap partitions? Is there too much of a good thing with swap partitioning? If I have 4GB RAM over 320GB disk, what should my swap partition size be, and why? (3)(b) Are swap files the only way to create swap partitions? Wouldn't a Linux partitioning utility allow me to define a partition as being for virtual memory only? (4) Why are partitions limited to being "mounted" by just OSes and file systems? Why couldn't I write a program to take up its own, say, 512 MB partition, and then have it invoked or uses by an OS installed on another partition? Thanks for shedding any light here... not critical that I know this stuff, but it's got me thinking incessantly. And when I think incessantly, I...can't......sleep....

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  • Faking a Linux environment without chroot

    - by Pascal
    For a university project I want to test a C++11 program on a 32-core machine. Unfortunately the machine has Ubuntu 12.04 with GCC 4.6 installed (we need GCC 4.7 because of some C++11 threading features). In such an environment I would normally run a chroot with a custom linux (say a debootstrap with Ubuntu 12.10). Since we don't get root access on the machine we can't use chroot. So far I have prepared a run-time environment using debootstrap for our code, I compiled it in the debootstrap environemnt. Then copied it onto the server (using rsync). In order to run our C++ code I set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH to export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=~/debootstrap/usr/lib/:~/debootstrap/lib64/:~/debootstrap/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:~/debootstrap/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH and so far our code seems to run. I'm however stuck with our python code. It doesn't seem to be sufficient to set the paths manually. export PYTHONPATH=~/debootstrap/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages:~/debootstrap/usr/lib/python2.7:~/debootstrap/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2:~/debootstrap/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk:~/debootstrap/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload:~/debootstrap/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages:~/debootstrap/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7:~/debootstrap/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL:~/debootstrap/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0:~/debootstrap/usr/lib/python2.7 Executing our script results in ImportError: No module named _path Is there an easier way to accomplish a "fake"-chroot than just overriding and creating environment variables? Note I need python since we created a custom C++-Python module in order to run our tests. Maybe I should create two questions from this.

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  • Growing a Linux software RAID5 array

    - by chrismetcalf
    On my home file server, I've got a 1.5TB software RAID5 array, built from four 500gb Western Digital drives. I've got a fifth drive that I usually run as a hot spare (but have out of the array at the moment), but if I can I'd like to add that to the array and grow it to 2TB since I'm running out of space. I Googled for guidance, but there seem to be a lot of differing opinions out there (many of them probably now out-of-date) as to whether or not that is possible and/or smart. What's the right way to go about this, or should I start looking into building a new array with more space? Version details: %> cat /etc/issue Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 \n \l %> uname -a Linux magrathea 2.6.26-1-686-bigmem #1 SMP Sat Jan 10 19:13:22 UTC 2009 i686 GNU/Linux %> /sbin/mdadm --version mdadm - v2.6.7.2 - 14th November 2008 %> cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md1 : active raid1 hdc1[0] hdd1[1] 293033536 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid5 sde1[3] sda1[0] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] 1465151808 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU]

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  • Replace Linux Boot-Drive | ext3 to btrfs

    - by bardiir
    I've got a headless server running Debian Linux currently. Linux vault 3.2.0-3-686-pae #1 SMP Mon Jul 23 03:50:34 UTC 2012 i686 GNU/Linux The root filesystem is located on an ext3 partition on the main harddrive. My data is located on multiple harddrives that are bundled to a storage pool running with btrfs. UUID=072a7fce-bfea-46fa-923f-4fb0827ae428 / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 UUID=b50965f1-a2e1-443f-876f-578b5f93cbf1 none swap sw 0 0 UUID=881e3ad9-31c4-4296-ae60-eae6c98ea45f none swap sw 0 0 UUID=30d8ae34-e2f0-44b4-bbcc-22d761a128f6 /data btrfs defaults,compress,autodefrag 0 0 What I'd like to do is to place / into the btrfs pool too. The ideal solution would provide the flexibility to boot from any disk in the system alike, so if the main drive fails I'd just need to swap another one into the main slot and it would be bootable like the main one. My main problem is, everything I do needs to result in a bootable system that is open to ssh logins via network as this server is 100% headless so there is no possibility to boot it from a live cd or anything like that. So I'd like to be extra sure everything works out fine :) How would I best go about this? Can anybody hint me to guides or whip something up for these tasks? Anything I forgot to think about? Copy root-data into btrfs pool, adjust mountpoints,... Adjust GRUB to boot from btrfs pool UUID or the local device where GRUB is installed Sync GRUB to all harddrives so every drive is equally bootable (is this even possible without destroying the btrfs partitions on the drives or would I need to disconnect the drives, install grub on them and then connect them back with a slightly smaller partition?)

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  • Reusing slot numbers in Linux software RAID arrays

    - by thkala
    When a hard disk drive in one of my Linux machines failed, I took the opportunity to migrate from RAID5 to a 6-disk software RAID6 array. At the time of the migration I did not have all 6 drives - more specifically the fourth and fifth (slots 3 and 4) drives were already in use in the originating array, so I created the RAID6 array with a couple of missing devices. I now need to add those drives in those empty slots. Using mdadm --add does result in a proper RAID6 configuration, with one glitch - the new drives are placed in new slots, which results in this /proc/mdstat snippet: ... md0 : active raid6 sde1[7] sdd1[6] sda1[0] sdf1[5] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] 25185536 blocks super 1.0 level 6, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [6/6] [UUUUUU] ... mdadm -E verifies that the actual slot numbers in the device superblocks are correct, yet the numbers shown in /proc/mdstat are still weird. I would like to fix this glitch, both to satisfy my inner perfectionist and to avoid any potential sources of future confusion in a crisis. Is there a way to specify which slot a new device should occupy in a RAID array? UPDATE: I have verified that the slot number persists in the component device superblock. For the version 1.0 superblocks that I am using that would be the dev_number field as defined in include/linux/raid/md_p.h of the Linux kernel source. I am now considering direct modification of said field to change the slot number - I don't suppose there is some standard way to manipulate the RAID superblock?

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  • Linux NFS create mask and force user equivalent

    - by Mike
    I have two Linux servers: fileserver Debian 5.0.3 (2.6.26-2-686) Samba version 3.4.2 apache Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (2.6.32-23-generic) Apache 2.2.14 I have a number of Samba shares on fileserver so that I can access files from Windows PCs. I am also exporting /data/www-data to the apache server, where I have it mounted as /var/www. The setup is okay, except for when I come to create files on the NFS mount. I end up with files that cannot be read by Apache, or which cannot be modified by other users on my system. With Samba, I can specify force user, force group, create mask and directory mask, and this ensures that all files are created with suitable permissions for my Apache web server. I can't find a way to do this with NFS. Is there a way to force permissions and ownership with NFS - am I missing something obvious? Although I've spent quite a bit of time with Linux, and am weaning myself off Windows, I still haven't quite got to grip with Linux permissions... If this is not the right way to do things, I am open to alternative suggestions.

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  • Wifi Works with Android and Windows 8 but not Linux and Win 7

    - by eramm
    Support has told me that our company wide wifi network is setup to support mobile phones only. However it doesn't make sense to me that they can identify a mobile device rather they have setup the Access Point to use a protocol that is only supported on Android and Windows phones. Because the Access Point supports Windows mobile this means that laptops running Windows 8 can also connect to the Access Point (proven). So it stands to reason that since Android is based on Linux there must be a way to connect using Linux as well. iwlist shows IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : TKIP CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : 802.1x WIreshark seems to show that a connection is being made to a website to get a certificate and use a Domain Controller for authentication. Questions: 1) what protocol could they be using that is supported on Win Mobile and Android but not on Win 7 and Linux (Debian) ? 2) what tools can I use to help me discover what protocol i need to support ? I have used iwlist and wireshark but I was not able to glean to much useful information from them. I can post the results if needed. 3) is there an app i can use on my Android phone to help me understand what kind of network it is connecting to ? I can provide more information if you tell me how to get it. I just don't know what I am looking for.

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  • Ubuntu 10.10 - disaster - what other linux for beginner?

    - by A-ha
    Guys, I've tried to install ubuntu (desktop and notebook ed) on my laptop and unortunately I have to say that as despite the fact that installation process supposed to be easy I couldn't finish installation of this system - didn't detect my keyboard or rather lost my keyboard as soon as I tried to switch on/off pad on my laptop. After I've discovered that, I started all over again (this time without touching my laptop's pad during installation) and yes, eventually it get to the end of installation. Unfortunately, when I've tried to switch my pad (sometimes I just do not want to use a mouse) the whole system froze. So I had to restart it with the power button and this time I didn't touch pad at all, plugged in mouse and tried to rearrange taskbars according to my liking (all taskbars on the top side of the screen and auto-hide on) and I gave up. It is so unfinished that I just can't be bothered to use it. I would like to have one linux system on my machine so I started googling and most of the links are to either ubuntu (which I just do not want to touch for now) and suse or commercial versions of linux. I do not really mind paying for something (and having experience with ubuntu I'd rather pay and have something pro then get it free and discover that it's unusable). So could someone please provide short list of linux distros which would be appropriate for a beginner, and I don't mind paying for it, I just want it to be a professional product.

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