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• About High Availabiltity

  - by Invincible

  I know this is not perfect place to ask this question. Can anybody suggest some good resource or book on High-Availability? I want to learn as much as I can on high-availability before start building my system. Thanks in advance!

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• Windows Services -- High availability scenarios and design approach

  - by Vadi

  Let's say I have a standalone windows service running in a windows server machine. How to make sure it is highly available? 1). What are all the design level guidelines that you can propose? 2). How to make it highly available like primary/secondary, eg., the clustering solutions currently available in the market 3). How to deal with cross-cutting concerns in case any fail-over scenarios If any other you can think of please add it here .. Note: The question is only related to windows and windows services, please try to obey this rule :)

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• High quality / high speed dvd reader for Mac Pro

  - by deadprogrammer

  I have a high end Mac pro, but one thing in is that I'm unhappy with is a DVD drive. It's a Hitachi GH41N. Apple calls it a "superdrive", but it's anything but. The damn thing makes an amazing amount of noise, and isn't too fast either. What I want is a state of the art, fast, quiet DVD reader, preferably not even a burner. What should I get?

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• High server load - [jbd2/md1-8] using 99.99% IO

  - by Alex

  I've been having spike in load over the last week. This usually occurs once or twice a day. I've managed to identify from iotop that [jbd2/md1-8] is using 99.99 % IO. During the high load times there is no high traffic to the server. Server specs are: AMD Opteron 8 core 16 GB RAM 2x2.000 GB 7.200 RPM HDD Software Raid 1 Cloudlinux + Cpanel Mysql is properly tuned Apart from the spikes, the load usually is around 0.80 at most. I've searched around but can't find what [jbd2/md1-8] does exactly. Has anyone had this problem or does anyone know a possible solution? Thank you. UPDATE: TIME TID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO COMMAND 16:05:36 399 be/3 root 0.00 B/s 38.76 K/s 0.00 % 99.99 % [jbd2/md1-8]

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• Managing and Connecting to AlwaysOn Availability Groups

  From the previous AlwaysOn Availability Group article, we provided a name for the availability group listener which is simply a unique DNS name as a Virtual Network Name (VNN) to direct read-write requests to the primary replica and read-only requests to the read-only secondary replica. The Future of SQL Server Monitoring "Being web-based, SQL Monitor enables you to check on your servers from almost any location" Jonathan Allen.Try SQL Monitor now.

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• A first look at SQL Server 2012 Availability Group Wait Statistics

  If you are trouble-shooting an AlwaysOn Availability Group topology, a study of the wait statistics will give a pointer to many of the causes of problems. Although several wait types are documented, there is nothing like practical experiment to familiarize yourself with new wait stats, and Joe Sack demonstrates a way of testing the sort of waits generated by an availability group under various circumstances.

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• AlwaysOn Availability Groups in SQL Server 2012

  This article discusses and demonstrates AlwaysOn Availability groups in SQL Server 2012, a new feature for high availability. Keep your database and application development in syncSQL Connect is a Visual Studio add-in that brings your databases into your solution. It then makes it easy to keep your database in sync, and commit to your existing source control system. Find out more.

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• No clue for high load average on top

  - by Oz.

  We have several machines on Amazon (ec2) of the type c1.xlarge with 16 cpus, running the Amazon AMI. Details on the machine: 7 GB of memory 20 EC2 Compute Units (8 virtual cores with 2.5 EC2 Compute Units each) 1690 GB of instance storage 64-bit platform I/O Performance: High API name: c1.xlarge One out of the several machines is showing a high load average, since we have run the last yum upgrade a couple of weeks a go. We did not yet update the other machines, and everything looks normal on them. The strange thing is that the top command not showing any hint for the cause of the load. CPUs are 4.8%us, 1.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 94.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st(see below). Mem is about 1.5GB free. Any idea what could it be, or where else can we check? Many thanks for the help. # # top # top - 07:57:42 up 4:18, 1 user, load average: 1.36, 1.45, 1.47 Tasks: 131 total, 1 running, 130 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 4.8%us, 1.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 94.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 7120092k total, 5644920k used, 1475172k free, 532888k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 3463936k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1557 mysql 20 0 1829m 374m 6448 S 14.3 5.4 11:15.09 mysqld 6655 apache 20 0 416m 49m 3744 S 9.3 0.7 0:04.85 httpd 27683 apache 20 0 421m 54m 3708 S 9.0 0.8 0:00.99 httpd 6682 apache 20 0 424m 57m 3788 S 8.3 0.8 0:03.81 httpd 16816 apache 20 0 419m 51m 3760 S 4.3 0.7 0:04.09 httpd 22182 apache 20 0 417m 50m 3756 S 1.7 0.7 0:06.34 httpd 219 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:00.34 kworker/7:1 699 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:00.40 kworker/3:1 1 root 20 0 19376 1508 1212 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.29 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.71 ksoftirqd/0

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• Achiving High Availablity for java webapplication

  - by sjain

  Hi What are the tools for achieving high availability for Java web application. Thanks

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• High CPU from httpd process

  - by KHWeb

  I am currently getting high CPU on a server that is just running a couple of sites with very low traffic. One of the sites is in still development going live soon. However, this site is very very slow...When browsing through its pages I can see that the CPU goes from 30% to 100% for httpd (see top output below). I have tuned httpd & MySQL, Apache Solr, Tomcat for high performance, and I am using APC. Not sure what to do from here or how to find the culprit as I have a bunch of messages on the httpd log and have been chasing dead ends for some time...any help is greatly appreciated. Server: AuthenticAMD, Quad-Core AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 2352, RAM 16GB Linux 2.6.27 64-bit, Centos 5.5 Plesk 9.5.4, MySQL 5.1.48, PHP 5.2.17 Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS) DAV/2 mod_jk/1.2.15 mod_ssl/2.2.3 OpenSSL/0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 PHP/5.2.17 mod_perl/2.0.4 Perl/v5.8.8 Tomcat6-6.0.29-1.jpp5, Tomcat-native-1.1.20-1.el5, Apache Solr top 17595 apache 20 0 1825m 507m 10m R 100.4 3.2 0:17.50 httpd 17596 apache 20 0 1565m 247m 9936 R 83.1 1.5 0:10.86 httpd 17598 apache 20 0 1430m 110m 6472 S 54.5 0.7 0:08.66 httpd 17599 apache 20 0 1438m 124m 12m S 37.2 0.8 0:11.20 httpd 16197 mysql 20 0 13.0g 2.0g 5440 S 9.6 12.6 297:12.79 mysqld 17617 root 20 0 12748 1172 812 R 0.7 0.0 0:00.88 top 8169 tomcat 20 0 4613m 268m 6056 S 0.3 1.7 6:40.56 java httpd error_log [debug] prefork.c(991): AcceptMutex: sysvsem (default: sysvsem) [info] mod_fcgid: Process manager 17593 started [debug] proxy_util.c(1854): proxy: grabbed scoreboard slot 0 in child 17594 for worker proxy:reverse [debug] proxy_util.c(1967): proxy: initialized single connection worker 0 in child 17594 for (*) [debug] proxy_util.c(1854): proxy: grabbed scoreboard slot 0 in child 17595 for worker proxy:reverse [debug] proxy_util.c(1873): proxy: worker proxy:reverse already initialized [notice] child pid 22782 exit signal Segmentation fault (11) [error] (43)Identifier removed: apr_global_mutex_lock(jk_log_lock) failed [debug] util_ldap.c(2021): LDAP merging Shared Cache conf: shm=0x7fd29a5478c0 rmm=0x7fd29a547918 for VHOST: example.com [info] APR LDAP: Built with OpenLDAP LDAP SDK [info] LDAP: SSL support available [info] Init: Seeding PRNG with 256 bytes of entropy [info] Init: Generating temporary RSA private keys (512/1024 bits) [info] Init: Generating temporary DH parameters (512/1024 bits) [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(374): shmcb_init allocated 512000 bytes of shared memory [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(554): entered shmcb_init_memory() [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(576): for 512000 bytes, recommending 4265 indexes [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(619): shmcb_init_memory choices follow [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(621): division_mask = 0x1F [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(623): division_offset = 96 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(625): division_size = 15997 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(627): queue_size = 2136 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(629): index_num = 133 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(631): index_offset = 8 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(633): index_size = 16 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(635): cache_data_offset = 8 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(637): cache_data_size = 13853 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(650): leaving shmcb_init_memory()

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• high resolution on small screen size

  - by vishesh

  I have recently got an intel ultrabook,but its screen size is 13.3' and the native resolution is 1600X900.So the problem is that the letters that appear on screen are very small.Reducing resolution blurs the display and making everything bigger also doesn't feel very good.is there a way to get around this problem without changing hardware. I am even ok with this high resolution but I am concerned about the harmful effects it might have on my eyes in long term. Any advice will be very useful.Please help

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• Why not have a High Level Language based OS? Are Low Level Languages more efficient?

  - by rtindru

  Without being presumptuous, I would like you to consider the possibility of this. Most OS today are based on pretty low level languages (mainly C/C++) Even the new ones such as Android uses JNI & underlying implementation is in C In fact, (this is a personal observation) many programs written in C run a lot faster than their high level counterparts (eg: Transmission (a bittorrent client on Ubuntu) is a whole lot faster than Vuze(Java) or Deluge(Python)). Even python compilers are written in C, although PyPy is an exception. So is there a particular reason for this? Why is it that all our so called "High Level Languages" with the great "OOP" concepts can't be used in making a solid OS? So I have 2 questions basically. Why are applications written in low level languages more efficient than their HLL counterparts? Do low level languages perform better for the simple reason that they are low level and are translated to machine code easier? Why do we not have a full fledged OS based entirely on a High Level Language?

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• GlusterFs - high load 90-107% CPU

  - by Sara

  I try and try and try to performance and fix problem with gluster, i try all. I served on gluster webpages, php files, images etc. I have problem after update from 3.3.0 to 3.3.1. I try 3.4 when i think maybe fix it but still the same problem. I temporarily have 1 brick, but before upgrade will be fine. Config: Volume Name: ... Type: Replicate Volume ID: ... Status: Started Number of Bricks: 0 x 2 = 1 Transport-type: tcp Bricks: Brick1: ...:/... Options Reconfigured: cluster.stripe-block-size: 128KB performance.cache-max-file-size: 100MB performance.flush-behind: on performance.io-thread-count: 16 performance.cache-size: 256MB auth.allow: ... performance.cache-refresh-timeout: 5 performance.write-behind-window-size: 1024MB I use fuse, hmm "Maybe the high load is due to the unavailable brick" i think about it, but i cant find information on how to safely change type of volume. Maybe u know how?

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• Unable to watch a high resolution and high frame rate video

  - by Abhijith Madhav

  I have a video of a tennis match whose Resolution = 1280 * 720 Codec = H264 Frame rate = 50fps (Copy paste from info given by totem media player) My laptop is not powerful enough to play this video smoothly. How can I reduce the frame-rate of this video so that my laptop can play it? I have observed that my laptop can play videos with 25fps without an issue. I use ubuntu. I wouldn't mind using windows to edit/re-encode this video.

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• The downsides of using nginx as a primary web server?

  - by FractalizeR

  Hello. I've seen millions of websites using nginx as a proxifying webserver working together with Apache. But I've seen very few servers running nginx only as their default webserver. What are the main downsides of such config? I can see some: Inability to use per-directory config files like .htaccess so every configuration change should be done to main server config file and requires server reload. But pecl htscanner can compensate them for php settings Unavailability of mod_php for nginx, which can be compensated by php-fpm for example. What are others? Why don't people just drop Apache and move to nginx or any other lightweight solution? May be, there are some special reasons?

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• Insufficient channel capacity of 1GBit

  - by Roman S

  There is a Caching Server (Varnish): it receives data from Amazon S3 on request, saves it for some time and gives it to the client. We have encountered the problem of insufficient channel capacity of 1GBit. Peak load within 4 hours completely chokes the channel. Server performance is sufficient for now. Approximately 4.5TB of data are transmitted per day. More than 100TB are accumulated per month. The first thought that comes to mind is simply to add one more 1GBit port and sleep peacefully until 2GBit are not enough (it may happen quite quickly) or one server is not able to handle it. And then we just need to add new Caching Servers. But now we need a Load Balancer, which will send requests on one and the same URL, always on one and the same server (to avoid multiple copies of the same cached objects). Here are the questions: Does a Balancer need a band equal to sum of all bands of Caching Servers? What shall we do in case there are no ports in a Balancer? Should we add more Balancers or solve the problem by means of Round robin DNS? What are the standard approaches to such problems? Can anyone advise hosting-companies, which can solve this problem? We are interested in American and European markets.

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• Very fast Laptop Heating due to very high CPU usage by dwm.exe

  - by Sushan Shrestha

  My laptop gets heated very fast and when I check the task manager, I find dwm.exe consuming very high CPU (mostly 100%). In the beginning I found the message "The graphic adapter has been stopped and recovered".Also I am getting one error message "Cidaemon.exe has stopped working" very frequently. During this period also, cpu usage is 100% which is consumed by dwm.exe. I have run ccleaner and Kingsoft PC doctor monitor to fix the register problem but the problem has not been solved. My display adaptor is : NVIDIA NVS 5200M. After the driver update, I am not getting "The graphic adapter has been stopped and recovered" but dwm.exe is still consuming 100% CPU one time in about 5 mins. Multiple restarts has not helped. Laptop Model: Dell Latitude E6430. Thanks in advance.

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• Linux Tuning for High Traffic JBoss Server with LDAP Binds

  - by Levi Stanley

  I'm configuring a high traffic Linux server (RedHat) and running into a limit I haven't been able to track down. I need to be able to handle sustained 300 requests per second throughput using Nginx and JBoss. The point of this server is to run checks on a user's account when that user signs in. Each request goes through Nginx to JBoss (specifically Torquebox with JBoss A7 with a Sinatra app) and then makes an LDAP request to bind that user and retrieve several attributes. It is during the bind that these errors occur. I'm able to reproduce this going directly to JBoss, so that rules out Nginx at least. I get a variety of error messages, though oddly JBoss stopped writing to the log file recently. It used to report errors about creating native threads. Now I just see "java.net.SocketException: Connection reset" and "org.apache.http.conn.HttpHostConnectException: Connection to http://my.awesome.server:8080 refused" as responses in jmeter. To the best of my knowledge, I have plenty of available file handles, processes, sockets, and ports, yet the issue persists. Unfortunately, I have very little experience tuning servers. I've found a couple useful documents - Ipsysctl tutorial 1.0.4 and Linux Tuning - but those documents are a bit over my head (and just entering the the configuration described in Linux Tuning doesn't fix my issue. Here are the configuration changes I've tried (webproxy is the user that runs Nginx and JBoss): /etc/security/limits.conf webproxy soft nofile 65536 webproxy hard nofile 65536 webproxy soft nproc 65536 webproxy hard nproc 65536 root soft nofile 65536 root hard nofile 65536 root soft nproc 65536 root hard nofile 65536 First attempt /etc/sysctl.conf sysctl net.core.somaxconn = 8192 sysctl net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768 65535 sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 15 sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1800 sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 35 sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 Second attempt /etc/sysctl.conf net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 30000 net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=htcp net.ipv4.tcp_mtu_probing=1 Any ideas what might be happening here? Or better yet, are there some good documentation resources designed for beginners?

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• Large, high performance object or key/value store for HTTP serving on Linux

  - by Tommy

  I have a service that serves images to end users at a very high rate using plain HTTP. The images vary between 4 and 64kbytes, and there are 1.300.000.000 of them in total. The dataset is about 30TiB in size and changes (new objects, updates, deletes) make out less than 1% of the requests. The number of requests pr. second vary from 240 to 9000 and is dispersed pretty much all over, with few objects being especially "hot". As of now, these images are files on a ext3 filesystem distributed read only across a large amount of mid range servers. This poses several problems: Using a fileysystem is very inefficient since the metadata size is large, the inode/dentry cache is volatile on linux and some daemons tend to stat()/readdir() it's way through the directory structure, which in my case becomes very expensive. Updating the dataset is very time consuming and requires remounting between set A and B. The only reasonable handling is operating on the block device for backup, copying, etc. What I would like is a deamon that: speaks HTTP (get, put, delete and perhaps update) stores data it in an efficient structure. The index should remain in memory, and considering the amount of objects, the overhead must be small. The software should be able to handle massive connections with slow (if any) time needed to ramp up. Index should be read in memory at startup. Statistics would be nice, but not mandatory. I have experimented a bit with riak, redis, mongodb, kyoto and varnish with persistent storage, but I haven't had the chance to dig in really deep yet.

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• Tom Kyte Webcast on Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture Best Practices - Thursday, April 12 @ 10:00 AM PDT

  - by jgelhaus

  Date: Thursday, April 12, 2012 Time: 10:00 AM PDT Update Your Knowledge with Oracle Expert Tom Kyte Data is one of the most critical assets of any organization with many operations depending on having complete and accurate data available 24/7. By implementing Oracle’s Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA), organizations can minimize the cost and risk associated with downtime. Oracle’s MAA best practices extend beyond Oracle Database to span a broad range of products, including Oracle Exadata and Oracle Database Appliance. Join Oracle expert Tom Kyte for this Live Webcast to learn how to: Protect your systems from planned and unplanned downtime Achieve the highest quality of service at the lowest cost Eliminate idle redundancy in the data center Register today and ask Tom your questions around availability best practices.

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• Hot off the Press: Oracle Announces General Availability of Oracle Database 12c

  - by Tanu Sood

  Earlier today, Oracle announced general availability of Oracle Database 12c, the first database designed for the cloud. As more and more organizations embrace cloud, Oracle Database 12c provides  a new multi-tenant architecture on top of a fast, scalable, reliable, and secure database platform allowing you to bring agility to your enterprise, improve performance and availability for your applications while at the same time, simplify database consolidation. We recommend you check out the press release and visit oracle.com for more information on Oracle Database 12c. As always, more information on Oracle Fusion Middleware available here.

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• Oracle Announces General Availability of Oracle Database 12c, the First Database Designed for the Cloud

  - by Javier Puerta

  Oracle Announces General Availability of Oracle Database 12c, the First Database Designed for the Cloud REDWOOD SHORES, Calif. – July 1, 2013 News Summary As organizations embrace the cloud, they seek technologies that will transform business and improve their overall operational agility and effectiveness. Oracle Database 12c is a next-generation database designed to meet these needs, providing a new multitenant architecture on top of a fast, scalable, reliable, and secure database platform. By plugging into the cloud with Oracle Database 12c, customers can improve the quality and performance of applications, save time with maximum availability architecture and storage management and simplify database consolidation by managing hundreds of databases as one. Read full press release

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• Oracle Announces General Availability of Oracle Database 12c, the First Database Designed for the Cloud

  - by Javier Puerta

  Oracle Announces General Availability of Oracle Database 12c, the First Database Designed for the Cloud REDWOOD SHORES, Calif. – July 1, 2013 News Summary As organizations embrace the cloud, they seek technologies that will transform business and improve their overall operational agility and effectiveness. Oracle Database 12c is a next-generation database designed to meet these needs, providing a new multitenant architecture on top of a fast, scalable, reliable, and secure database platform. By plugging into the cloud with Oracle Database 12c, customers can improve the quality and performance of applications, save time with maximum availability architecture and storage management and simplify database consolidation by managing hundreds of databases as one. Read full press release  

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• New Options for MySQL High Availability

  - by Mat Keep

  Data is the currency of today’s web, mobile, social, enterprise and cloud applications. Ensuring data is always available is a top priority for any organization – minutes of downtime will result in significant loss of revenue and reputation. There is not a “one size fits all” approach to delivering High Availability (HA). Unique application attributes, business requirements, operational capabilities and legacy infrastructure can all influence HA technology selection. And then technology is only one element in delivering HA – “People and Processes” are just as critical as the technology itself. For this reason, MySQL Enterprise Edition is available supporting a range of HA solutions, fully certified and supported by Oracle. MySQL Enterprise HA is not some expensive add-on, but included within the core Enterprise Edition offering, along with the management tools, consulting and 24x7 support needed to deliver true HA. At the recent MySQL Connect conference, we announced new HA options for MySQL users running on both Linux and Solaris: - DRBD for MySQL - Oracle Solaris Clustering for MySQL DRBD (Distributed Replicated Block Device) is an open source Linux kernel module which leverages synchronous replication to deliver high availability database applications across local storage. DRBD synchronizes database changes by mirroring data from an active node to a standby node and supports automatic failover and recovery. Linux, DRBD, Corosync and Pacemaker, provide an integrated stack of mature and proven open source technologies. DRBD Stack: Providing Synchronous Replication for the MySQL Database with InnoDB Download the DRBD for MySQL whitepaper to learn more, including step-by-step instructions to install, configure and provision DRBD with MySQL Oracle Solaris Cluster provides high availability and load balancing to mission-critical applications and services in physical or virtualized environments. With Oracle Solaris Cluster, organizations have a scalable and flexible solution that is suited equally to small clusters in local datacenters or larger multi-site, multi-cluster deployments that are part of enterprise disaster recovery implementations. The Oracle Solaris Cluster MySQL agent integrates seamlessly with MySQL offering a selection of configuration options in the various Oracle Solaris Cluster topologies. Putting it All Together When you add MySQL Replication and MySQL Cluster into the HA mix, along with 3rd party solutions, users have extensive choice (and decisions to make) to deliver HA services built on MySQL To make the decision process simpler, we have also published a new MySQL HA Solutions Guide. Exploring beyond just the technology, the guide presents a methodology to select the best HA solution for your new web, cloud and mobile services, while also discussing the importance of people and process in ensuring service continuity. This is subject recently presented at Oracle Open World, and the slides are available here. Whatever your uptime requirements, you can be sure MySQL has an HA solution for your needs Please don't hesitate to let us know of your HA requirements in the comments section of this blog. You can also contact MySQL consulting to learn more about their HA Jumpstart offering which will help you scope out your scaling and HA requirements.

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• Which programming languages aren't considered high-level?

  - by hilo

  In informatics theory I hear and read about high-level and low-level languages all time. Yet I don't understand why this is still relevant as there aren't any (relevant) low-level languages except assembler in use today. So you get: Low-level Assembler Definitely not low-level C BASIC FORTRAN COBOL ... High-level C++ Ruby Python PHP ... And if assembler is low-level, how could you put for example C into the same list. I mean: C is extremely high-level compared to assembler. Same even for COBOL, Fortran, etc. So why does everybody keep mentioning high and low-level languages if assembler is really the only low-level language.

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