I have three operating systems on my machine, Windows 7x64, Ubuntu 11.10 and 12.04 both x64 as well. All three were running at full resolution for my monitor, as well as in the Grub 1.99 boot screen.
After booting into Windows, I rebooted my machine and found my Grub resolution was suddenly 640x480. Booting into both versions of Ubuntu, I find myself stuck at that resolution as well.
I made no driver changes recently, and hadn't even booted into the 11.10 build in a month or more. I've gone through both proprietary Nvidia driver options for my card (GeForce 9800GT) as well as the open source drivers in 12.04 to no avail.
I can't figure out what could have caused this change in both versions of Ubuntu and Grub simultaneously. Windows 7 is unaffected so I think that safely rules out hardware failure.
EDIT
Ok, so I couldn't boot an graphical live disks, I tried ubuntu 12.04 i386 and x64 as well as 12.10 beta x64 and all of them would flash the initial logo, go to a blank screen with a flashing cursor in the upper left and then my display would die.
I managed to boot 12.04 server and get into recovery. I reinstalled grub and went into recovery mode for my 12.04 build. If I boot in safe graphics mode I can get 1280x768, but as soon as I reboot it's broken again.
I've tried reinstalling the nvidia drivers and that leaves me with a system stuck at max 640x480. None of these changes have had any impact on the 11.10 build, which is still stuck at 640x480
Given that I can push a somewhat higher resolution in 12.04, and full resolution in windows 7 I'm pretty convinced it's not an issue of my monitor failing. It must be something to do with the graphics drivers. I can't figure out what could be the issue though. I'm especially perplexed that I can't boot any live images