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• Sequence Point and Evaluation Order( Preincrement)

  - by Josh

  There was a debate today among some of my colleagues and I wanted to clarify it. It is about the evaluation order and the sequence point in an expression. It is clearly stated in the standard that C/C++ does not have a left-to-right evaluation in an expression unlike languages like Java which is guaranteed to have a sequencial left-to-right order. So, in the below expression, the evaluation of the leftmost operand(B) in the binary operation is sequenced before the evaluation of the rightmost operand(C): A = B B_OP C The following expression according, to CPPReference under the subsection Sequenced-before rules(Undefined Behaviour) and Bjarne's TCPPL 3rd ed, is an UB x = x++ + 1; It could be interpreted as the compilers like BUT the expression below is said to be clearly a well defined behaviour in C++11 x = ++x + 1; So, if the above expression is well defined, what is the "fate" of this? array[x] = ++x; It seems the evaluation of a post-increment and post-decrement is not defined but the pre-increment and the pre-decrement is defined. NOTE: This is not used in a real-life code. Clang 3.4 and GCC 4.8 clearly warns about both the pre- and post-increment sequence point.

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• The new workflow management of Oracle´s Hyperion Planning: Define more details with Planning Unit Hierarchies and Promotional Paths

  - by Alexandra Georgescu

  After having been almost unchanged for several years, starting with the 11.1.2 release of Oracle´s Hyperion Planning the Process Management has not only got a new name: “Approvals” now is offering the possibility to further split Planning Units (comprised of a unique Scenario-Version-Entity combination) into more detailed combinations along additional secondary dimensions, a so called Planning Unit Hierarchy, and also to pre-define a path of planners, reviewers and approvers, called Promotional Path. I´d like to introduce you to changes and enhancements in this new process management and arouse your curiosity for checking out more details on it. One reason of using the former process management in Planning was to limit data entry rights to one person at a time based on the assignment of a planning unit. So the lowest level of granularity for this assignment was, for a given Scenario-Version combination, the individual entity. Even if in many cases one person wasn´t responsible for all data being entered into that entity, but for only part of it, it was not possible to split the ownership along another additional dimension, for example by assigning ownership to different accounts at the same time. By defining a so called Planning Unit Hierarchy (PUH) in Approvals this gap is now closed. Complementing new Shared Services roles for Planning have been created in order to manage set up and use of Approvals: The Approvals Administrator consisting of the following roles: Approvals Ownership Assigner, who assigns owners and reviewers to planning units for which Write access is assigned (including Planner responsibilities). Approvals Supervisor, who stops and starts planning units and takes any action on planning units for which Write access is assigned. Approvals Process Designer, who can modify planning unit hierarchy secondary dimensions and entity members for which Write access is assigned, can also modify scenarios and versions that are assigned to planning unit hierarchies and can edit validation rules on data forms for which access is assigned. (this includes as well Planner and Ownership Assigner responsibilities) Set up of a Planning Unit Hierarchy is done under the Administration menu, by selecting Approvals, then Planning Unit Hierarchy. Here you create new PUH´s or edit existing ones. The following window displays: After providing a name and an optional description, a pre-selection of entities can be made for which the PUH will be defined. Available options are: All, which pre-selects all entities to be included for the definitions on the subsequent tabs None, manual entity selections will be made subsequently Custom, which offers the selection for an ancestor and the relative generations, that should be included for further definitions. Finally a pattern needs to be selected, which will determine the general flow of ownership: Free-form, uses the flow/assignment of ownerships according to Planning releases prior to 11.1.2 In Bottom-up, data input is done at the leaf member level. Ownership follows the hierarchy of approval along the entity dimension, including refinements using a secondary dimension in the PUH, amended by defined additional reviewers in the promotional path. Distributed, uses data input at the leaf level, while ownership starts at the top level and then is distributed down the organizational hierarchy (entities). After ownership reaches the lower levels, budgets are submitted back to the top through the approval process. Proceeding to the next step, now a secondary dimension and the respective members from that dimension might be selected, in order to create more detailed combinations underneath each entity. After selecting the Dimension and a Parent Member, the definition of a Relative Generation below this member assists in populating the field for Selected Members, while the Count column shows the number of selected members. For refining this list, you might click on the icon right beside the selected member field and use the check-boxes in the appearing list for deselecting members. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TIP: In order to reduce maintenance of the PUH due to changes in the dimensions included (members added, moved or removed) you should consider to dynamically link those dimensions in the PUH with the dimension hierarchies in the planning application. For secondary dimensions this is done using the check-boxes in the Auto Include column. For the primary dimension, the respective selection criteria is applied by right-clicking the name of an entity activated as planning unit, then selecting an item of the shown list of include or exclude options (children, descendants, etc.). Anyway in order to apply dimension changes impacting the PUH a synchronization must be run. If this is really necessary or not is shown on the first screen after selecting from the menu Administration, then Approvals, then Planning Unit Hierarchy: under Synchronized you find the statuses Yes, No or Locked, where the last one indicates, that another user is just changing or synchronizing the PUH. Select one of the not synchronized PUH´s (status No) and click the Synchronize option in order to execute. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In the next step owners and reviewers are assigned to the PUH. Using the icons with the magnifying glass right besides the columns for Owner and Reviewer the respective assignments can be made in the ordermthat you want them to review the planning unit. While it is possible to assign only one owner per entity or combination of entity+ member of the secondary dimension, the selection for reviewers might consist of more than one person. The complete Promotional Path, including the defined owners and reviewers for the entity parents, can be shown by clicking the icon. In addition optional users might be defined for being notified about promotions for a planning unit. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TIP: Reviewers cannot change data, but can only review data according to their data access permissions and reject or promote planning units. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In order to complete your PUH definitions click Finish - this saves the PUH and closes the window. As a final step, before starting the approvals process, you need to assign the PUH to the Scenario-Version combination for which it should be used. From the Administration menu select Approvals, then Scenario and Version Assignment. Expand the PUH in order to see already existing assignments. Under Actions click the add icon and select scenarios and versions to be assigned. If needed, click the remove icon in order to delete entries. After these steps, set up is completed for starting the approvals process. Start, stop and control of the approvals process is now done under the Tools menu, and then Manage Approvals. The new PUH feature is complemented by various additional settings and features; some of them at least should be mentioned here: Export/Import of PUHs: Out of Office agent: Validation Rules changing promotional/approval path if violated (including the use of User-defined Attributes (UDAs)): And various new and helpful reviewer actions with corresponding approval states. About the Author: Bernhard Kinkel started working for Hyperion Solutions as a Presales Consultant and Consultant in 1998 and moved to Hyperion Education Services in 1999. He joined Oracle University in 2007 where he is a Principal Education Consultant. Based on these many years of working with Hyperion products he has detailed product knowledge across several versions. He delivers both classroom and live virtual courses. His areas of expertise are Oracle/Hyperion Essbase, Oracle Hyperion Planning and Hyperion Web Analysis.

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• Easier ASP.NET MVC Routing

  - by Steve Wilkes

  I've recently refactored the way Routes are declared in an ASP.NET MVC application I'm working on, and I wanted to share part of the system I came up with; a really easy way to declare and keep track of ASP.NET MVC Routes, which then allows you to find the name of the Route which has been selected for the current request. Traditional MVC Route Declaration Traditionally, ASP.NET MVC Routes are added to the application's RouteCollection using overloads of the RouteCollection.MapRoute() method; for example, this is the standard way the default Route which matches /controller/action URLs is created: routes.MapRoute(     "Default",     "{controller}/{action}/{id}",     new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }); The first argument declares that this Route is to be named 'Default', the second specifies the Route's URL pattern, and the third contains the URL pattern segments' default values. To then write a link to a URL which matches the default Route in a View, you can use the HtmlHelper.RouteLink() method, like this: @ this.Html.RouteLink("Default", new { controller = "Orders", action = "Index" }) ...that substitutes 'Orders' into the {controller} segment of the default Route's URL pattern, and 'Index' into the {action} segment. The {Id} segment was declared optional and isn't specified here. That's about the most basic thing you can do with MVC routing, and I already have reservations: I've duplicated the magic string "Default" between the Route declaration and the use of RouteLink(). This isn't likely to cause a problem for the default Route, but once you get to dozens of Routes the duplication is a pain. There's no easy way to get from the RouteLink() method call to the declaration of the Route itself, so getting the names of the Route's URL parameters correct requires some effort. The call to MapRoute() is quite verbose; with dozens of Routes this gets pretty ugly. If at some point during a request I want to find out the name of the Route has been matched.... and I can't. To get around these issues, I wanted to achieve the following: Make declaring a Route very easy, using as little code as possible. Introduce a direct link between where a Route is declared, where the Route is defined and where the Route's name is used, so I can use Visual Studio's Go To Definition to get from a call to RouteLink() to the declaration of the Route I'm using, making it easier to make sure I use the correct URL parameters. Create a way to access the currently-selected Route's name during the execution of a request. My first step was to come up with a quick and easy syntax for declaring Routes. 1 . An Easy Route Declaration Syntax I figured the easiest way of declaring a route was to put all the information in a single string with a special syntax. For example, the default MVC route would be declared like this: "{controller:Home}/{action:Index}/{Id}*" This contains the same information as the regular way of defining a Route, but is far more compact: The default values for each URL segment are specified in a colon-separated section after the segment name The {Id} segment is declared as optional simply by placing a * after it That's the default route - a pretty simple example - so how about this? routes.MapRoute(     "CustomerOrderList",     "Orders/{customerRef}/{pageNo}",     new { controller = "Orders", action = "List", pageNo = UrlParameter.Optional },     new { customerRef = "^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$", pageNo = "^[0-9]+$" }); This maps to the List action on the Orders controller URLs which: Start with the string Orders/ Then have a {customerRef} set of characters and numbers Then optionally a numeric {pageNo}. And again, it’s quite verbose. Here's my alternative: "Orders/{customerRef:^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$}/{pageNo:^[0-9]+$}*->Orders/List" Quite a bit more brief, and again, containing the same information as the regular way of declaring Routes: Regular expression constraints are declared after the colon separator, the same as default values The target controller and action are specified after the -> The {pageNo} is defined as optional by placing a * after it With an appropriate parser that gave me a nice, compact and clear way to declare routes. Next I wanted to have a single place where Routes were declared and accessed. 2. A Central Place to Declare and Access Routes I wanted all my Routes declared in one, dedicated place, which I would also use for Route names when calling RouteLink(). With this in mind I made a single class named Routes with a series of public, constant fields, each one relating to a particular Route. With this done, I figured a good place to actually declare each Route was in an attribute on the field defining the Route’s name; the attribute would parse the Route definition string and make the resulting Route object available as a property. I then made the Routes class examine its own fields during its static setup, and cache all the attribute-created Route objects in an internal Dictionary. Finally I made Routes use that cache to register the Routes when requested, and to access them later when required. So the Routes class declares its named Routes like this: public static class Routes{     [RouteDefinition("Orders/{customerName}->Orders/Index")]     public const string OrdersCustomerIndex = "OrdersCustomerIndex";     [RouteDefinition("Orders/{customerName}/{orderId:^([0-9]+)$}->Orders/Details")]     public const string OrdersDetails = "OrdersDetails";     [RouteDefinition("{controller:Home}*/{action:Index}*")]     public const string Default = "Default"; } ...which are then used like this: @ this.Html.RouteLink(Routes.Default, new { controller = "Orders", action = "Index" }) Now that using Go To Definition on the Routes.Default constant takes me to where the Route is actually defined, it's nice and easy to quickly check on the parameter names when using RouteLink(). Finally, I wanted to be able to access the name of the current Route during a request. 3. Recovering the Route Name The RouteDefinitionAttribute creates a NamedRoute class; a simple derivative of Route, but with a Name property. When the Routes class examines its fields and caches all the defined Routes, it has access to the name of the Route through the name of the field against which it is defined. It was therefore a pretty easy matter to have Routes give NamedRoute its name when it creates its cache of Routes. This means that the Route which is found in RequestContext.RouteData.Route is now a NamedRoute, and I can recover the Route's name during a request. For visibility, I made NamedRoute.ToString() return the Route name and URL pattern, like this: The screenshot is from an example project I’ve made on bitbucket; it contains all the named route classes and an MVC 3 application which demonstrates their use. I’ve found this way of defining and using Routes much tidier than the default MVC system, and you find it useful too

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• Anatomy of a .NET Assembly - CLR metadata 1

  - by Simon Cooper

  Before we look at the bytes comprising the CLR-specific data inside an assembly, we first need to understand the logical format of the metadata (For this post I only be looking at simple pure-IL assemblies; mixed-mode assemblies & other things complicates things quite a bit). Metadata streams Most of the CLR-specific data inside an assembly is inside one of 5 streams, which are analogous to the sections in a PE file. The name of each section in a PE file starts with a ., and the name of each stream in the CLR metadata starts with a #. All but one of the streams are heaps, which store unstructured binary data. The predefined streams are: #~ Also called the metadata stream, this stream stores all the information on the types, methods, fields, properties and events in the assembly. Unlike the other streams, the metadata stream has predefined contents & structure. #Strings This heap is where all the namespace, type & member names are stored. It is referenced extensively from the #~ stream, as we'll be looking at later. #US Also known as the user string heap, this stream stores all the strings used in code directly. All the strings you embed in your source code end up in here. This stream is only referenced from method bodies. #GUID This heap exclusively stores GUIDs used throughout the assembly. #Blob This heap is for storing pure binary data - method signatures, generic instantiations, that sort of thing. Items inside the heaps (#Strings, #US, #GUID and #Blob) are indexed using a simple binary offset from the start of the heap. At that offset is a coded integer giving the length of that item, then the item's bytes immediately follow. The #GUID stream is slightly different, in that GUIDs are all 16 bytes long, so a length isn't required. Metadata tables The #~ stream contains all the assembly metadata. The metadata is organised into 45 tables, which are binary arrays of predefined structures containing information on various aspects of the metadata. Each entry in a table is called a row, and the rows are simply concatentated together in the file on disk. For example, each row in the TypeRef table contains: A reference to where the type is defined (most of the time, a row in the AssemblyRef table). An offset into the #Strings heap with the name of the type An offset into the #Strings heap with the namespace of the type. in that order. The important tables are (with their table number in hex): 0x2: TypeDef 0x4: FieldDef 0x6: MethodDef 0x14: EventDef 0x17: PropertyDef Contains basic information on all the types, fields, methods, events and properties defined in the assembly. 0x1: TypeRef The details of all the referenced types defined in other assemblies. 0xa: MemberRef The details of all the referenced members of types defined in other assemblies. 0x9: InterfaceImpl Links the types defined in the assembly with the interfaces that type implements. 0xc: CustomAttribute Contains information on all the attributes applied to elements in this assembly, from method parameters to the assembly itself. 0x18: MethodSemantics Links properties and events with the methods that comprise the get/set or add/remove methods of the property or method. 0x1b: TypeSpec 0x2b: MethodSpec These tables provide instantiations of generic types and methods for each usage within the assembly. There are several ways to reference a single row within a table. The simplest is to simply specify the 1-based row index (RID). The indexes are 1-based so a value of 0 can represent 'null'. In this case, which table the row index refers to is inferred from the context. If the table can't be determined from the context, then a particular row is specified using a token. This is a 4-byte value with the most significant byte specifying the table, and the other 3 specifying the 1-based RID within that table. This is generally how a metadata table row is referenced from the instruction stream in method bodies. The third way is to use a coded token, which we will look at in the next post. So, back to the bytes Now we've got a rough idea of how the metadata is logically arranged, we can now look at the bytes comprising the start of the CLR data within an assembly: The first 8 bytes of the .text section are used by the CLR loader stub. After that, the CLR-specific data starts with the CLI header. I've highlighted the important bytes in the diagram. In order, they are: The size of the header. As the header is a fixed size, this is always 0x48. The CLR major version. This is always 2, even for .NET 4 assemblies. The CLR minor version. This is always 5, even for .NET 4 assemblies, and seems to be ignored by the runtime. The RVA and size of the metadata header. In the diagram, the RVA 0x20e4 corresponds to the file offset 0x2e4 Various flags specifying if this assembly is pure-IL, whether it is strong name signed, and whether it should be run as 32-bit (this is how the CLR differentiates between x86 and AnyCPU assemblies). A token pointing to the entrypoint of the assembly. In this case, 06 (the last byte) refers to the MethodDef table, and 01 00 00 refers to to the first row in that table. (after a gap) RVA of the strong name signature hash, which comes straight after the CLI header. The RVA 0x2050 corresponds to file offset 0x250. The rest of the CLI header is mainly used in mixed-mode assemblies, and so is zeroed in this pure-IL assembly. After the CLI header comes the strong name hash, which is a SHA-1 hash of the assembly using the strong name key. After that comes the bodies of all the methods in the assembly concatentated together. Each method body starts off with a header, which I'll be looking at later. As you can see, this is a very small assembly with only 2 methods (an instance constructor and a Main method). After that, near the end of the .text section, comes the metadata, containing a metadata header and the 5 streams discussed above. We'll be looking at this in the next post. Conclusion The CLI header data doesn't have much to it, but we've covered some concepts that will be important in later posts - the logical structure of the CLR metadata and the overall layout of CLR data within the .text section. Next, I'll have a look at the contents of the #~ stream, and how the table data is arranged on disk.

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• Translating Your Customizations

  - by Richard Bingham

  This blog post explains the basics of translating the customizations you can make to Fusion Applications products, with the inclusion of information for both composer-based customizations and the generic design-time customizations done via JDeveloper. Introduction Like most Oracle Applications, Fusion Applications installs on-premise with a US-English base language that is, in Release 7, supported by the option to add up to a total of 22 additional language packs (In Oracle Cloud production environments languages are pre-installed already). As such many organizations offer their users the option of working with their local language, and logically that should also apply for any customizations as well. Composer-based UI Customizations Customizations made in Page Composer take into consideration the session LOCALE, as set in the user preferences screen, during all customization work, and stores the customization in the MDS repository accordingly. As such the actual new or changed values used will only apply for the same language under which the customization was made, and text for any other languages requires a separate upload. See the Resource Bundles section below, which incidentally also applies to custom UI changes done in JDeveloper. You may have noticed this when you select the “Select Text Resource” menu option when editing the text on a page. Using this ensures that the resource bundles are used, whereas if you define a static value in Expression Builder it will never be available for translation. Notice in the screenshot below the “What’s New” custom value I have already defined using the ‘Select Text Resource’ feature is internally using the adfBundle groovy function to pull the custom value for my key (RT_S_1) from the ComposerOverrideBundle. Figure 1 – Page Composer showing the override bundle being used. Business Objects Customizing the Business Objects available in the Applications Composer tool for the CRM products, such as adding additional fields, also operates using the session language. Translating these additional values for these fields into other installed languages requires loading additional resource bundles, again as described below. Reports and Analytics Most customizations to Reports and BI Analytics are just essentially reorganizations and visualizations of existing number and text data from the system, and as such will use the appropriate values based on the users session language. Where a translated value or string exists for that session language, it will be used without the need for additional work. Extending through the addition of brand new reports and analytics requires another method of loading the translated strings, as part of what is known as ‘Localizing’ the BI Catalog and Metadata. This time it is via an export/import of XML data through the BI Administrators console, and is described in the OBIEE Admin Guide. Fusion Applications reports based on BI Publisher are already defined in template-per-locale, and in addition provide an extra process for getting the data for translation and reloading. This again uses the standard resource bundle format. Loading a custom report is illustrated in this video from our YouTube channel which shows the screen for both setting the template local and running an export for translation. Fusion Applications Menus Whilst the seeded Navigator and Global Menu values are fully translated when the additional language is installed, if they are customized then the change or new menu item will apply universally, not currently per language. This is set to change in a future release with the new UI Text Editor feature described below. More on Resource Bundles As mentioned above, to provide translations for most of your customizations you need to add values to a resource bundle. This is an industry open standard (OASIS) format XML file with the extension .xliff, and store translated values for the strings used by ADF at run-time. The general process is that these values are exported from the MDS repository, manually edited, and then imported back in again.This needs to be done by an administrator, via either WLST commands or through Enterprise Manager as per the screenshot below. This is detailed out in the Fusion Applications Extensibility Guide. For SaaS environments the Cloud Operations team can assist. Figure 2 – Enterprise Manager’s MDS export used getting resource bundles for manual translation and re-imported on the same screen. All customized strings are stored in an override bundle (xliff file) for each locale, suffixed with the language initials, with English ones being saved to the default. As such each language bundle can be easily identified and updated. Similarly if you used JDeveloper to create your own applications as extensions to Fusion Applications you would use the native support for resource bundles, and add them into the faces-config.xml file for inclusion in your application. An example is this ADF customization video from our YouTube channel. JDeveloper also supports automatic synchronization between your underlying resource bundles and any translatable strings you add – very handy. For more information see chapters on “Using Automatic Resource Bundle Integration in JDeveloper” and “Manually Defining Resource Bundles and Locales” in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Web User Interface Developer’s Guide for Oracle Application Development Framework. FND Messages and Look-ups FND Messages, as defined here, are not used for UI labels (they are known as ‘strings’), but are the responses back to users as a result of an action, such as from a page submit. Each ‘message’ is defined and stored in the related database table (FND_MESSAGES_B), with another (FND_MESSAGES_TL) holding any language-specific values. These come seeded with the additional language installs, however if you customize the messages via the “Manage Messages” task in Functional Setup Manager, or add new ones, then currently (in Release 7) you’ll need to repeat it for each language. Figure 3 – An FND Message defined in an English user session. Similarly Look-ups are stored in a translation table (FND_LOOKUP_VALUES_TL) where appropriate, and can be customized by setting the users session language and making the change  in the Setup and Maintenance task entitled “Manage [Standard|Common] Look-ups”. Online Help Yes, in fact all the seeded help is applied as part of each language pack install as part of the post-install provisioning process. If you are editing or adding custom online help then the Create Help screen provides a drop-down of which language your help customization will apply to. This is shown in the video below from our YouTube channel, and obviously you’ll need to it for each language in use. What is Coming for Translations? Currently planned for Release 8 is something called the User Interface (UI) Text Editor. This tool will allow the editing of all the text shown on the pages and forms of Fusion Application. This will provide a search based on a particular term or word, say “Worker”, and will allow it to be adjusted, say to “Employee”, which then updates all the Resource Bundles that contain it. In the case of multi-language environments, it will use the users session language (locale) to know which Resource Bundles to apply the change to. This capability will also support customization sandboxes, to help ensure changes can be tested and approved.  It is also interesting to note that the design currently allows any page-specific customizations done using Page Composer or Application Composer to over-write the global changes done via the UI Text Editor, allowing for special context-sensitive values to still be used. Further Reading and Resources The following short list provides the mains resources for digging into more detail on translation support for both Composer and JDeveloper customization projects. There is a dedicated chapter entitled “Translating Custom Text” in the Fusion Applications Extensibility Guide. This has good examples and steps for many tasks, especially administering resource bundles. Using localization formatting (numbers, dates etc) for design-time changes is well documented in the Fusion Applications Developer Guide. For more guidelines on general design-time globalization, see either the ‘Internationalizing and Localizing Pages’ chapter in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Web User Interface Developer’s Guide for Oracle Application Development Framework (Oracle Fusion Applications Edition) or the general Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide. The Oracle Architecture ‘A-Team’ provided a recent post on customizing the user session timeout popup, using design-time changes to resource bundles. It has detailed step-by-step examples which can be a useful illustration.

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• PowerShell: How to customize prompt?

  - by Ariel

  I like to define the env variable PROMPT as $p$_$g so prompt starts in a new line. But seems to be not applying to my PowerShell prompt :-( dir function:/ shows that a name "prompt" is already defined. Any way I can get my prompt customized in a PowerShell console, without messing up with the already defined "prompt" name?

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• Where are xmodmap settings saved?

  - by Jose Luis

  I created my own keyboard layout and loaded it with xmodmap .Xmodmap. Now I want to go back to a default layout, but after a reboot the layout defined with xmodmap are still present. What files is modifying xmodmap? By the way, I'm using Arch Linux, and I just want to have again the layout defined in /etc/vconsole.conf (which is the default place to define your keyboard layout with systemd, according to the Arch Wiki).

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• Convert Environment.OSVersion to NTDDI version format

  - by David Brown

  In sdkddkver.h of the Windows Platform SDK, there are various OS versions defined as NTDDI_*. For example, Windows XP and its service packs are defined as: #define NTDDI_WINXP 0x05010000 #define NTDDI_WINXPSP1 0x05010100 #define NTDDI_WINXPSP2 0x05010200 #define NTDDI_WINXPSP3 0x05010300 #define NTDDI_WINXPSP4 0x05010400 There are also masks which, along with the OSVER, SPVER, and SUBVER macros, allow you to pull the respective parts out of the NTDDI version. #define OSVERSION_MASK 0xFFFF0000 #define SPVERSION_MASK 0x0000FF00 #define SUBVERSION_MASK 0x000000FF I have all of these defined as constants in C# and what I'd like to do now is convert the data returned by Environment.OSVersion to a value corresponding to one of the NTDDI versions in sdkddkver.h. I could make a massive switch statement, but that's not really as future-proof as I'd like it to be. I would need to update the conversion method every time a new OS or service pack is released. I have a feeling this could be done with the help of some bitwise operators, but I'll be honest and say that those aren't my strong point. I appreciate any help!

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• python metaprogramming

  - by valya

  I'm trying to archive a task which turns out to be a bit complicated since I'm not very good at Python metaprogramming. I want to have a module locations with function get_location(name), which returns a class defined in a folder locations/ in the file with the name passed to function. Name of a class is something like NameLocation. So, my folder structure: program.py locations/ __init__.py first.py second.py program.py will be smth with with: from locations import get_location location = get_location('first') and the location is a class defined in first.py smth like this: from locations import Location # base class for all locations, defined in __init__ (?) class FirstLocation(Location): pass etc. Okay, I've tried a lot of import and getattribute statements but now I'm bored and surrender. How to archive such behaviour?

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• Rails link to current page and passing parameters to it

  - by Faisal

  I am adding I18N to my rails application by passing the locale using url params. My urls are looking like http://example.com/en/users and http://example.com/ar/users (for the english and arabic locales respectively). In my routes file, I have defined my routes with a :path_prefix option: map.resources :users, :path_prefix => '/:locale' And locale is being set using a before_filter defined in ApplicationController def set_locale I18n.locale = params[:locale] end I also defined ApplicationController#default_url_options, to add locale to all urls generated by the application: def default_url_options(options={}) {:locale => I18n.locale} end What I want is to add a link in the layout header (displayed in all pages) that would link to the same page but with the other locale. For instance, if I am browsing the arabic locale, I want a "English" link in the header, that will redirect me back to my current page, and set the locale to english. Is there a way to do this in rails?

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• class __init__ (not instance __init__)

  - by wallacoloo

  Here's a very simple example of what I'm trying to get around: class Test(object): some_dict = {Test: True} The problem is that I cannot refer to Test while it's still being defined Normally, I'd just do this: class Test(object): def __init__(self): self.__class__.some_dict = {Test: True} But I never create an instance of this class. It's really just a container to hold a group of related functions and data (I have several of these classes, and I pass around references to them, so it is necessary for Test to be it's own class) So my question is, how could I refer to Test while it's being defined, or is there something similar to __init__ that get's called as soon as the class is defined? If possible, I want self.some_dict = {Test: True} to remain inside the class definition. This is the only way I know how to do this so far: class Test(object): @classmethod def class_init(cls): cls.some_dict = {Test: True} Test.class_init()

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• Generic Http Module

  - by MartinF

  The problem I am trying to make a generic http module in asp.net C# for handling roles defined by an enum which i want to be able to change by a generic parameter. This will make it possible to use the generic module with any kind of enum defined for each project. The module hooks into the Authenticate event of the FormsAuthenticationModule, and is called on each request to the website. The module exposes public events which could be defined in the global.asax. But i cant seem to figure out how to make the generic http module work like a non generic module. There is 3 main problems. I cant register the generic http module in the web.config like any other module as i cant specify the generic parameter, or is possible somehow ? The way to solve that as far as i can figure out is to create a non-generic http module that intializes the generic HttpModule (the generic parameter is defined in a custom section for the module in the web.config). But that introduces the next problem. I cant find out how to make the public events exposed by the generic module available to hook into through the global.asax as you would normally do with a non-generic module by just making a public method with the name like ModuleClassName_PublicEventName. The init() method on the http module gets an reference to the HttpApplication object created in the global.asax. I dont know if it somehow could be possible with reflection to search for the methods and if they are defined in the global.asax (HttpApplication super class) hook them up with the correct event handler ? or if any methods on the HttpApplication object can be used? How would i store and later get a reference to the generic module created in the non-generic module ? I can get the non-generic module with HttpContext.Current.ApplicationInstance.Modules.Get("TheModule"); but is there any way i can store a reference to the generic module in the non-generic module (cant figure out how it should be possible), or store it somewhere else so i can always get it? If I can get a reference to the generic module from the global.asax etc. the events mentioned in nr. 2 can be manually wired to the methods. Thoughts and other possible solutions Instead of registering the module in the web.config it can be manually initialized by overridding the Init method of the HttpApplication and calling the Init method on the module. But that will introduce some new problems. The module will no longer be added to the the ModulesCollection. So I will need to store a reference somewhere else. This could be done with a property in the global.asax, and by implementing an interface, or by creating an generic abstract base type inheriting from HttpApplication, that the global.asax could inherit from. In the generic abstract base type i could also override the init method. It will still not automatically hook up methods in the global.asax with events in the generic module. If it is possible with reflection to search for defined methods in the super type of the HttpApplication it could be automatically done that way. But i can wire the methods in the global.asax with the events in the generic module manually either in the Init method or anywhere else by getting reference to the generic module. It doesnst really need to implement the IHttpModule interface if i choose to manually initalize the generic module. I could just aswell move all the code to the abstract base type inheriting from the HttpApplication. I would prefer to register the module simply by defining it in the web.config as it will be the easiest and most natural / logical solution. Also it would be great if it could be kept as a HttpModule instead of having to define a an abstract base type inheriting from HttpApplication, else it will be more thighed up and not as loose and plugable as i wanted it to be (but maybe it is not possible). Another alternative would be to make it all static. As far as i can figure out i would have to somehow make sure that only one method can be added to the public static events, so it wont add a reference each time a new instance of the global.asax is created. I simply cant find out what is the best solution. I have been messing around with this and thinking about it for days now. Maybe there is an option that i havent thought of ? Hope anyone out there can help me.

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• Slow Scala assert

  - by Dave

  We've been profiling our code recently and we've come across a few annoying hotspots. They're in the form assert(a == b, a + " is not equal to " + b) Because some of these asserts can be in code called a huge amount of times the string concat starts to add up. assert is defined as: def assert(assumption : Boolean, message : Any) = .... why isn't it defined as: def assert(assumption : Boolean, message : => Any) = .... That way it would evaluate lazily. Given that it's not defined that way is there an inline way of calling assert with a message param that is evaluated lazily? Thanks

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• winsock compile error

  - by ioil

  The following errors are from a file with just windows and winsock2 included. C:\Users\ioil\Desktop\dm\bin>dmc sockit.c typedef struct fd_set { ^ C:\Users\ioil\Desktop\dm\bin\..\include\win32\WINSOCK2.H(85) : Error: 'fd_set' is already defined } fd_set; ^ C:\Users\ioil\Desktop\dm\bin\..\include\win32\WINSOCK2.H(88) : Error: identifier or '( declarator )' expected struct timeval { ^ C:\Users\ioil\Desktop\dm\bin\..\include\win32\WINSOCK2.H(129) : Error: 'timeval' is already defined }; ^ C:\Users\ioil\Desktop\dm\bin\..\include\win32\WINSOCK2.H(132) : Error: identifier or '( declarator )' expected struct hostent { ^ C:\Users\ioil\Desktop\dm\bin\..\include\win32\WINSOCK2.H(185) : Error: 'hostent' is already defined Fatal error: too many errors --- errorlevel 1 C:\Users\ioil\Desktop\dm\bin> What's already been tried : placing the winsock.dll file in the same directory as the compiler and program to be compiled, placing it in the system32 directory, and entering it in the registry with the regsrv32 command. Don't really know where to go from here, appreciate any advice . . .

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• i have problem with include file

  - by user309381

  //this is intializer.php defined('DS')? null :define('DS',DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR); defined('SITE_ROOT')? null : define('SITE_ROOT',DS.'C:',DS.'wamp',DS.'www',DS.'photo_gallery'); defined('LIB_PATH')?null:define('LIB_PATH',SITE_ROOT.DS.'includes'); require_once(LIB_PATH.DS.'datainfo.php'); require_once(LIB_PATH.DS.'function.php'); require_once(LIB_PATH.DS.'session.php'); require_once(LIB_PATH.DS.'database.php'); require_once(LIB_PATH.DS.'user.php'); //this is other file where i call php file // ERROR Use of undefined constant LIB_PATH - assumed 'LIB_PATH' in //C:\wamp\www\photo_gallery\includes\database.php on //Notice: Use of undefined constant DS - assumed 'DS' in //C:\wamp\www\photo_gallery\includes\database.php on include(LIB_PATH.DS."database.php") ?

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• Button click event

  - by Malcolm

  I am binding an object of other class to a silverlight list box itemsource.I want to fire the click event of a button,but I don't want to define command under this class. I have defined other class and have defined command inside it. Now the question is how to bind the command of this class to the command property of that button. There are two classes A and B I am binding the item source of a listbox to A and i have defined a command in B and i need this command to bind with the button present inside the listbox.(ie..listbox-listboxitem-button) Is there any way to bind to a property outside of the current data context?

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• Error when trying to use PDO object

  - by Nate

  EDIT: I'm going to put my code in here due to comments below. So sit tight for a few minutes ;-) Thanks! I'm an inexperienced php programmer and only found out about PDO a few days ago. I'm now trying to port my website code over to using PDO, but I am getting an error when I try to use the PDO object that I create. I'm using a CMS on my website, and it makes building page output kind of complicated, but I've tried to draw the structure of what is being called below: index.php -class myClass defined --method myFunction defined (it gets called on pageload & returns the page output) ---include file1.php ----require_once('mysql_connect.php') (creates pdo object) ----*I can use the pdo object here successfully* ----require_once('file2.php') -----require_once('mysql_connect.php') -----function myFunction2 defined ------*trying to use the pdo object here results in the error* The error I'm getting is: Fatal error: Call to a member function prepare() on a non-object in /home/rgcpanel/public_html/account/account_functions.php on line 147 Any idea what's going on?

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• Python Decorators and inheritance

  - by wheaties

  Help a guy out. Can't seem to get a decorator to work with inheritance. Broke it down to the simplest little example in my scratch workspace. Still can't seem to get it working. class bar(object): def __init__(self): self.val = 4 def setVal(self,x): self.val = x def decor(self, func): def increment(self, x): return func( self, x ) + self.val return increment class foo(bar): def __init__(self): bar.__init__(self) @decor def add(self, x): return x Oops, name "decor" is not defined. Okay, how about @bar.decor? TypeError: unbound method "decor" must be called with a bar instance as first argument (got function instance instead) Ok, how about @self.decor? Name "self" is not defined. Ok, how about @foo.decor?! Name "foo" is not defined. AaaaAAaAaaaarrrrgggg... What am I doing wrong?

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• Why i can not acces the protected properties in my web application

  - by GigaPr

  Hi i have a web application which has a Base class in which i define all the properties common to the web pages. The base class extends System.Web.UI.Page Furthermore i have a Base User control class where are defined all the properties common to the user controls. the Base User Control extends System.Web.UI.UserControl all the properties in both base classes are protected. All the web pages extends the base class . All the controls extends the base user control class. The problem is i can not access the properties defined in the base class from the user controls and I can not extend two classes in the base user controls The question is how can i access the properties defined in the Base class from within the user controls? I hope i have been clear Thanks

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• Executing a dynamically bound function in Clojure

  - by Carl Smotricz

  I'd like to pre-store a bunch of function calls in a data structure and later evaluate/execute them from within another function. This works as planned for functions defined at namespace level with defn (even though the function definition comes after my creation of the data structure) but will not work with functions defined by let [name (fn or letfn inside the function. Here's my small self-contained example: (def todoA '(funcA)) (def todoB '(funcB)) (def todoC '(funcC)) (def todoD '(funcD)) ; unused (defn funcA [] (println "hello funcA!")) (declare funcB funcC) (defn runit [] (let [funcB (fn [] (println "hello funcB"))] (letfn [(funcC [] (println "hello funcC!"))] (funcA) (eval todoA) ; OK (funcB) ; OK (eval todoB) ; "Unable to resolve symbol: funcB in this context" at line 2 (funcC) ; OK (eval todoC) ; "Unable to resolve symbol: funcC in this context" at line 3 ))) Is there a simple fix I could undertake to get eval'd quoted calls to functions to work for functions defined inside another function?

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• Ruby: Locate class definition at run time?

  - by Thor Thurn

  I'm having an odd probably with rails right now... a class is being defined somewhere, and I can't find it. Grepping for "class ClassName" hasn't managed to locate it, but it's definitely there when I load up the rails console. It's just a vanilla class inheriting from Object with nothing else defined... quite boring. So, what I'd like is a way to figure out where this class constant was originally defined from the rails console. Something to print out the value of '__ FILE __' when this class was declared, in other words. I feel like some type of metaprogramming should make this possible.

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• How to pass an xpath into an xquery function declaration

  - by topmulch

  Hi all, I use Apache Tomcat's Exist DB as an XML database and am trying to construct a sequence by passing the following xpath, defined in FLWOR's 'let' clause: $xpath := $root/second/third into a locally defined function declaration, like so: declare function local:someFunction($uuid as xs:string?, $xpath as xs:anyAtomicType?) { let $varOne := $xpath/fourth[@uuid = $uuid]/fifthRight let $varTwo := $xpath/fourth[@uuid = $uuid]/fifthLeft let $combined := ($varOne,$varTwo) return $combined }; Of course, when entering this in the exist xquery sandbox, I get Type: xs:anyAtomicType is not defined. What should I use in place of it, or should I do this a different way? Thanks in advance for any suggestions.

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• Hiding an internal interface in a "friend" assembly

  - by dmo

  I have two assemblies: A and B. A has InternalsVisibleTo set for B. I would like to make calls from A to get information that can only be known by a type defined in B in a way that keeps things internal. I can do this using an internal interface defined in A and implemented explicitly in B. Assembly A internal interface IHasData { Data GetData(); } class ClassA { DoSomething(IHasData); } Assembly B public abstract class ClassB : IHasData { Data IHasData.GetData() { /** do something internal **/ } } The trouble comes when someone references assembly B and derives from ClassB - they get the error: "The type 'AssemblyA.IHasData' is defined in an assembly that is not referenced" even though that type should be invisible to them. If I look at the public type definition I see what I expect - ClassB with no interfaces implemented. Why do I get this error? All of the implementation is in assembly B. I could use IHasData internally in ClassB and that wouldn't require assembly A to be referenced. Can someone help me understand what is going on?

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• Servicestack CorsFeature Global Options Handler Not Firing on Certain Routes;

  - by gizmoboy

  I've got a service setup using the CorsFeature, and am using the approach that mythz suggested in other answers, collected in a function used in the appHost file: private void ConfigureCors(Funq.Container container) { Plugins.Add(new CorsFeature(allowedOrigins: "*", allowedMethods: "GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS", allowedHeaders: "Content-Type, Authorization, Accept", allowCredentials: true)); PreRequestFilters.Add((httpReq, httpRes) => { //Handles Request and closes Responses after emitting global HTTP Headers if (httpReq.HttpMethod == "OPTIONS") { httpRes.EndRequest(); } }); } However, the pre-request filter is only firing on some of the service requests. One of the base entities we have in the service is a question entity, and there are custom routes defined as follows: [Route("/question")] [Route("/question/{ReviewQuestionId}", "GET,DELETE")] [Route("/question/{ReviewQuestionId}/{ReviewSectionId}", "GET")] Using POSTMAN to fire test queries (all using the OPTIONS verb), we can see that this will fire the pre-request filter: http://localhost/myservice/api/question/ But this will not: http://localhost/myservice/api/question/66 Presumably, this is because the second and third routes explicitly defined the verbs they accept, and OPTIONS isn't one of them. Is it really necessary to spell out OPTIONS in every defined route that restricts the verbs supported?

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• winsock compile crash

  - by ioil

  The following errors are from a file with just windows and winsock2 included. C:\Users\ioil\Desktop\dm\bin>dmc sockit.c typedef struct fd_set { ^ C:\Users\ioil\Desktop\dm\bin\..\include\win32\WINSOCK2.H(85) : Error: 'fd_set' is already defined } fd_set; ^ C:\Users\ioil\Desktop\dm\bin\..\include\win32\WINSOCK2.H(88) : Error: identifier or '( declarator )' expected struct timeval { ^ C:\Users\ioil\Desktop\dm\bin\..\include\win32\WINSOCK2.H(129) : Error: 'timeval' is already defined }; ^ C:\Users\ioil\Desktop\dm\bin\..\include\win32\WINSOCK2.H(132) : Error: identifier or '( declarator )' expected struct hostent { ^ C:\Users\ioil\Desktop\dm\bin\..\include\win32\WINSOCK2.H(185) : Error: 'hostent' is already defined Fatal error: too many errors --- errorlevel 1 C:\Users\ioil\Desktop\dm\bin> What's already been tried : placing the winsock.dll file in the same directory as the compiler and program to be compiled, placing it in the system32 directory, and entering it in the registry with the regsrv32 command. Don't really know where to go from here, appreciate any advice . . .

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