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• [C#] Async threaded tcp server

  - by mark_dj

  I want to create a high performance server in C# which could take about ~10k clients. Now i started writing a TcpServer with C# and for each client-connection i open a new thread. I also use one thread to accept the connections. So far so good, works fine. The server has to deserialize AMF incoming objects do some logic ( like saving the position of a player ) and send some object back ( serializing objects ). I am not worried about the serializing/deserializing part atm. My main concern is that I will have a lot of threads with 10k clients and i've read somewhere that an OS can only hold like a few hunderd threads. Are there any sources/articles available on writing a decent async threaded server ? Are there other possibilties or will 10k threads work fine ? I've looked on google, but i couldn't find much info about design patterns or ways which explain it clearly

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• Why this code showing error in W3C validator?

  - by metal-gear-solid

  Why this code showing error in W3C validator "character data is not allowed here" <blockquote>all visible objects, man, are but as pasteboard masks. But in each event -- in the living act, the undoubted deed -- there, some unknown but still reasoning thing puts forth the mouldings of its feature from behind the unreasoning mask. If man will strike, strike through the mask. All visible objects, man, are but as pasteboard masks. But in each event -- in the living act, the undoubted deed -- there, some unknown but still reasoning thing puts forth the mouldings of its feature from behind the unreasoning mask. If man will strike, strike through the mask.</blockquote> It does not giving any error in this validator http://www.onlinewebcheck.com/ and not in https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/249/

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• Object comparison in JavaScript

  - by spankmaster79

  What is the best way to compare Objects in JavaScript? Example: var user1 = {name : "nerd", org: "dev"}; var user2 = {name : "nerd", org: "dev"}; var eq = user1 == user2; alert(eq); // gives false I know that "Two objects are equal if they refer to the exact same Object", but is there a way to check it another way?? Using this way works for me.....but is it the only possibility? var eq = Object.toJSON(user1) == Object.toJSON(user2); alert(eq); // gives true

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• C# programatically using a string as object name when instantiating an object

  - by emk

  This is a contrived example, but lets say I have declared objects: CustomObj fooObj; CustomObj barObj; CustomObj bazObj; And I have an string array: string[] stringarray = new string[] {"foo","bar","baz"}; How can I programatically access and instantiate those objects using the string array, iterating using something like a foreach: foreach (string i in stringarray) { `i`Obj = new CustomObj(i); } Hope the idea I'm trying to get across is clear. Is this possible in C#? Thanks in advance.

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• Java anonymous class efficiency implications

  - by Po

  Is there any difference in efficiency (e.g. execution time, code size, etc.) between these two ways of doing things? Below are contrived examples that create objects and do nothing, but my actual scenarios may be creating new Threads, Listeners, etc. Assume the following pieces of code happen in a loop so that it might make a difference. Using anonymous objects: void doSomething() { for (/* Assume some loop */) { final Object obj1, obj2; // some free variables IWorker anonymousWorker = new IWorker() { doWork() { // do things that refer to obj1 and obj2 } }; } } Defining a class first: void doSomething() { for (/* Assume some loop */) { Object obj1, obj2; IWorker worker = new Worker(obj1, obj2); } } static class Worker implements IWorker { private Object obj1, obj2; public CustomObject(Object obj1, Object obj2) {/* blah blah */} @Override public void doWork() {} }; Thank you :)

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• How much does Website Development cost nowadays?

  - by Andreas Grech

  I am thinking of setting up my own freelance business but coming from a workplace that offers a particular service to huge clients, I do not know what are the current charges for websites are nowadays. I know that as technology just keeps changing and changing (most of the time, for the better...), the amount you charge for a single website is constantly differing. Like for example, I don't think static websites (with just static html pages) are that expensive today, no? (as i said, I might be mistaken since I haven't really touched on this freelance industry yet) So, freelance web-developers out there, can you give me estimates on how much you charge for your clients? Some examples of websites that I want to know an approx charge: ~10 static html pages ~10 dhtml pages (with maybe a flasy menu on the top/side) Database driven websites with a standard CMS (be it the one you developed, or an existing one) Database driven but with a custom-built cms for the particular client Using an existing template for a design Starting the design from scratch etc... I know that the normally clients don't really care about the technologies used to construct their websites, but do you charge differently according to which technology you use to build the website with?; as in, is the technology a factor when setting the price? ...being ASP.Net, PHP, Ruby On Rails etc... Also, how do you go on about charging your clients for your services? What are the major factors that you consider when setting a price tag for a website to a client ? And better yet, how do you even find prospective clients? <= [or should I leave this question for a different post?] Btw, in your post, also mention some numbers (in cash values, be it in USD, GBP, EUR or anything) because I want to be able to take calculate some averages from this post when some answers stack up

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• to connect matlab with java

  - by user304005

  Through the below given code I was able to connect to matlab. But I was not able to execute the script file containing matlab code...Please help me to modify the code so as to execute the matlab code.... Here luck2 is a .m file.... import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.*; public class matlab { private static File myMATLABScript; public static String runScript(File luck2) { String output = "" ; String error = ""; try { String commandToRun ="C:\\Program Files\\MATLAB\\R2009a\\bin\\matlab -nodisplay <" + "Z:\\sem\\java\\luck2"; //String commandToRun = "matlab -nosplash -r myMATLABScript -nodisplay -nodesktop < " + opentxt; System.out.println(commandToRun); Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(commandToRun); String s; BufferedReader stdInput = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream())); BufferedReader stdError = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getErrorStream())); System.out.println("\nHere is the standard output of the command:\n"); while ((s = stdInput.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println("haiiiiiiiiiiii"); output = s + "\n"; System.out.println(s); } while ((s = stdError.readLine()) != null) { error = s + "\n"; System.out.println(s); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("exception happened here what I know:"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(-1); } return output + error; } public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { matlab m = new matlab(); matlab.runScript(myMATLABScript); //matlab.runScript(); } }

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• iPhone CoreData: How can I track/observe all changes within a subgraph?

  - by D Carney

  I have a NSManagedObjectContext in which I have a number of subclasses of NSManagedObjects such that some are containers for others. What I'd like to do is watch a top-level object to be notified of any changes to any of its properties, associations, or the properties/associations of any of the objects it contains. Using the context's 'hasChanges' doesn't give me enough granularity. The objects 'isUpdated' method only applies to the given object (and not anything in its associations). Is there a convenient (perhaps, KVO-based) was I can observe changes in a context that are limited to a subgraph?

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• DataGridView and Binding List Event.

  - by bearrito

  I have a datagridview with a datasource of type binding list. I understand that when the datagridview changed this will update the items in the binding list. I also know that if the objects in the bindinglist implement Inotifypropertychanged then if the obects are changed outside the grid then the objects will notify the bindlist which will then notify the datagrid My question is: If the datagrid view changing an object, I want the bindinglist or changed object to fire an event that allows me to pass the object to a WCF service that will persist the object on the data access layer side e.g. Service.Save(ChangedObject) How would I go about doing this?

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• Enumerable Contains Enumerable

  - by Tim

  For a method I have the following parameter IEnumerable<string> tags and with to query a list of objects, let's call them Post, that contains a property IEnumerable<string> Tags { get; set; }. My question is: How do I use linq to query for objects that contains all the tags from the tags parameter? private List<Post> posts = new List<Post>(); public IEnumerable<Post> GetPostsWithTags(IEnumerable<string> tags) { return ???; }

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• Recommendations for an in memory database vs thread safe data structures

  - by yx

  TLDR: What are the pros/cons of using an in-memory database vs locks and concurrent data structures? I am currently working on an application that has many (possibly remote) displays that collect live data from multiple data sources and renders them on screen in real time. One of the other developers have suggested the use of an in memory database instead of doing it the standard way our other systems behaves, which is to use concurrent hashmaps, queues, arrays, and other objects to store the graphical objects and handling them safely with locks if necessary. His argument is that the DB will lessen the need to worry about concurrency since it will handle read/write locks automatically, and also the DB will offer an easier way to structure the data into as many tables as we need instead of having create hashmaps of hashmaps of lists, etc and keeping track of it all. I do not have much DB experience myself so I am asking fellow SO users what experiences they have had and what are the pros & cons of inserting the DB into the system?

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• How do I find the "concrete class" of a django model baseclass

  - by Mr Shark

  I'm trying to find the actual class of a django-model object, when using model-inheritance. Some code to describe the problem: class Base(models.model): def basemethod(self): ... class Child_1(Base): pass class Child_2(Base): pass If I create various objects of the two Child classes and the create a queryset containing them all: Child_1().save() Child_2().save() (o1, o2) = Base.objects.all() I want to determine if the object is of type Child_1 or Child_2 in basemethod, I can get to the child object via o1.child_1 and o2.child_2 but that reconquers knowledge about the childclasses in the baseclass. I have come up with the following code: def concrete_instance(self): instance = None for subclass in self._meta.get_all_related_objects(): acc_name = subclass.get_accessor_name() try: instance = self.__getattribute__(acc_name) return instance except Exception, e: pass But it feels brittle and I'm not sure of what happens when if I inherit in more levels.

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• Can't see or add Website Data Sources in RDLC report in ASP.NET MVC

  - by RobertC

  In the RDLC report, in Design view in Visual Studio 2008, we don't see anything in the Website Data Sources tab and the button to Add New Data Source is grayed out. Only the Refresh button is enabled, and clicking it doesn't do anything. Our business logic layer returns Lists of business objects and the business logic and business object projects are both referenced by the MVC project. This is an MVC app, so there is no App_Code folder. How do we get our business objects to appear in the Website Data Sources list so we can drag and drop fields from the object onto our RDLC report?

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• Performance tuning of a Hibernate+Spring+MySQL project operation that stores images uploaded by user

  - by Umar

  Hi I am working on a web project that is Spring+Hibernate+MySQL based. I am stuck at a point where I have to store images uploaded by a user into the database. Although I have written some code that works well for now, but I believe that things will mess up when the project would go live. Here's my domain class that carries the image bytes: @Entity public class Picture implements java.io.Serializable{ long id; byte[] data; ... // getters and setters } And here's my controller that saves the file on submit: public class PictureUploadFormController extends AbstractBaseFormController{ ... protected ModelAndView onSubmit(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object command, BindException errors) throws Exception{ MutlipartFile file; // getting MultipartFile from the command object ... // beginning hibernate transaction ... Picture p=new Picture(); p.setData(file.getBytes()); pictureDAO.makePersistent(p); // this method simply calls getSession().saveOrUpdate(p) // committing hiernate transaction ... } ... } Obviously a bad piece of code. Is there anyway I could use InputStream or Blob to save the data, instead of first loading all the bytes from the user into the memory and then pushing them into the database? I did some research on hibernate's support for Blob, and found this in Hibernate In Action book: java.sql.Blob and java.sql.Clob are the most efficient way to handle large objects in Java. Unfortunately, an instance of Blob or Clob is only useable until the JDBC transaction completes. So if your persistent class defines a property of java.sql.Clob or java.sql.Blob (not a good idea anyway), you’ll be restricted in how instances of the class may be used. In particular, you won’t be able to use instances of that class as detached objects. Furthermore, many JDBC drivers don’t feature working support for java.sql.Blob and java.sql.Clob. Therefore, it makes more sense to map large objects using the binary or text mapping type, assuming retrieval of the entire large object into memory isn’t a performance killer. Note you can find up-to-date design patterns and tips for large object usage on the Hibernate website, with tricks for particular platforms. Now apparently the Blob cannot be used, as it is not a good idea anyway, what else could be used to improve the performance? I couldn't find any up-to-date design pattern or any useful information on Hibernate website. So any help/recommendations from stackoverflowers will be much appreciated. Thanks

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• "Unable to find any mappings for the given content, keyPath=null" RestKit 0.2

  - by abisson

  So I switched to using RestKit 0.2 and CoreData and I've been having a lot of trouble trying to get the mappings correct... I don't understand why. The JSON Response of my server is like this: { "meta": { "limit": 20, "next": null, "offset": 0, "previous": null, "total_count": 2 }, "objects": [{ "creation_date": "2012-10-15T20:16:47", "description": "", "id": 1, "last_modified": "2012-10-15T20:16:47", "order": 1, "other_names": "", "primary_name": "Mixing", "production_line": "/api/rest/productionlines/1/", "resource_uri": "/api/rest/cells/1/" }, { "creation_date": "2012-10-15T20:16:47", "description": "", "id": 2, "last_modified": "2012-10-15T20:16:47", "order": 2, "other_names": "", "primary_name": "Packaging", "production_line": "/api/rest/productionlines/1/", "resource_uri": "/api/rest/cells/2/" }] } Then in XCode I have: RKObjectManager *objectManager = [RKObjectManager sharedManager]; [AFNetworkActivityIndicatorManager sharedManager].enabled = YES; NSManagedObjectModel *managedObjectModel = [NSManagedObjectModel mergedModelFromBundles:nil]; RKManagedObjectStore *managedObjectStore = [[RKManagedObjectStore alloc] initWithManagedObjectModel:managedObjectModel]; objectManager.managedObjectStore = managedObjectStore; RKEntityMapping *cellMapping = [RKEntityMapping mappingForEntityForName:@"Cell" inManagedObjectStore:managedObjectStore]; cellMapping.primaryKeyAttribute = @"identifier"; [cellMapping addAttributeMappingsFromDictionary:@{ @"id": @"identifier", @"primary_name": @"primaryName", }]; RKResponseDescriptor *responseCell = [RKResponseDescriptor responseDescriptorWithMapping:cellMapping pathPattern:@"/api/rest/cells/?format=json" keyPath:@"objects" statusCodes:RKStatusCodeIndexSetForClass(RKStatusCodeClassSuccessful)]; [objectManager addResponseDescriptorsFromArray:@[responseCell, responseUser, responseCompany]]; [managedObjectStore createPersistentStoreCoordinator]; NSString *storePath = [RKApplicationDataDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"AppDB.sqlite"]; NSString *seedPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"SeedDatabase" ofType:@"sqlite"]; NSError *error; NSPersistentStore *persistentStore = [managedObjectStore addSQLitePersistentStoreAtPath:storePath fromSeedDatabaseAtPath:seedPath withConfiguration:nil options:nil error:&error]; NSAssert(persistentStore, @"Failed to add persistent store with error: %@", error); // Create the managed object contexts [managedObjectStore createManagedObjectContexts]; // Configure a managed object cache to ensure we do not create duplicate objects managedObjectStore.managedObjectCache = [[RKInMemoryManagedObjectCache alloc] initWithManagedObjectContext:managedObjectStore.persistentStoreManagedObjectContext]; My request is: [[RKObjectManager sharedManager] getObjectsAtPath:@"/api/rest/cells/?format=json" parameters:nil success:^(RKObjectRequestOperation *operation, RKMappingResult *mappingResult) { RKLogInfo(@"Load complete: Table should refresh..."); [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:[NSDate date] forKey:@"LastUpdatedAt"]; [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize]; } failure:^(RKObjectRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) { RKLogError(@"Load failed with error: %@", error); }]; And I always get the following error: **Error Domain=org.restkit.RestKit.ErrorDomain Code=1001 "Unable to find any mappings for the given content" UserInfo=0x1102d500 {DetailedErrors=(), NSLocalizedDescription=Unable to find any mappings for the given content, keyPath=null}** Thanks a lot!

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• Finding the index of a queue that holds a member of a containing object for a given value

  - by Luke Mcneice

  I have a Queue that contains a collection of objects, one of these objects is a class called GlobalMarker that has a member called GlobalIndex. What I want to be able to do is find the index of the queue where the GlobalIndex contains a given value (this will always be unique). Simply using the Contains method shown below returns a bool. How can I obtain the queue index of this match? RealTimeBuffer .OfType<GlobalMarker>() .Select(o => o.GlobalIndex) .Contains(INT_VALUE);

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• Java map with values limited by key's type parameter

  - by Ashley Mercer

  Is there a way in Java to have a map where the type parameter of a value is tied to the type parameter of a key? What I want to write is something like the following: public class Foo { // This declaration won't compile - what should it be? private static Map<Class<T>, T> defaultValues; // These two methods are just fine public static <T> void setDefaultValue(Class<T> clazz, T value) { defaultValues.put(clazz, value); } public static <T> T getDefaultValue(Class<T> clazz) { return defaultValues.get(clazz); } } That is, I can store any default value against a Class object, provided the value's type matches that of the Class object. I don't see why this shouldn't be allowed since I can ensure when setting/getting values that the types are correct. EDIT: Thanks to cletus for his answer. I don't actually need the type parameters on the map itself since I can ensure consistency in the methods which get/set values, even if it means using some slightly ugly casts.

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• Refactoring exercise with generics

  - by Berryl

  I have a variation on a Quantity (Fowler) class that is designed to facilitate conversion between units. The type is declared as: public class QuantityConvertibleUnits<TFactory> where TFactory : ConvertableUnitFactory, new() { ... } In order to do math operations between dissimilar units, I convert the right hand side of the operation to the equivalent Quantity of whatever unit the left hand side is in, and do the math on the amount (which is a double) before creating a new Quantity. Inside the generic Quantity class, I have the following: protected static TQuantity _Add<TQuantity>(TQuantity lhs, TQuantity rhs) where TQuantity : QuantityConvertibleUnits<TFactory>, new() { var toUnit = lhs.ConvertableUnit; var equivalentRhs = _Convert<TQuantity>(rhs.Quantity, toUnit); var newAmount = lhs.Quantity.Amount + equivalentRhs.Quantity.Amount; return _Convert<TQuantity>(new Quantity(newAmount, toUnit.Unit), toUnit); } protected static TQuantity _Subtract<TQuantity>(TQuantity lhs, TQuantity rhs) where TQuantity : QuantityConvertibleUnits<TFactory>, new() { var toUnit = lhs.ConvertableUnit; var equivalentRhs = _Convert<TQuantity>(rhs.Quantity, toUnit); var newAmount = lhs.Quantity.Amount - equivalentRhs.Quantity.Amount; return _Convert<TQuantity>(new Quantity(newAmount, toUnit.Unit), toUnit); } ... same for multiply and also divide I need to get the typing right for a concrete Quantity, so an example of an add op looks like: public static ImperialLengthQuantity operator +(ImperialLengthQuantity lhs, ImperialLengthQuantity rhs) { return _Add(lhs, rhs); } The question is those verbose methods in the Quantity class. The only change between the code is the math operator (+, -, *, etc.) so it seems that there should be a way to refactor them into a common method, but I am just not seeing it. How can I refactor that code? Cheers, Berryl

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• Spring.NET & Immediacy CMS (or how to inject to server side controls without using PageHandlerFactor

  - by Simon Rice

  Is there any way to inject dependencies into an Immediacy CMS control using Spring.NET, ideally without having to use to ContextRegistry when initialising the control? Update, with my own answer The issue here is that Immediacy already has a handler defined in web.config that deals with all aspx pages, & so it's not possible add an entry for Spring.NET's PageHandlerFactory in web.config as per a normal webforms app. That rules out making the control implement ISupportsWebDependencyInjection. Furthermore, most of Immediacy's generated pages are aspx pages that don't physically exist on the drive. I have changed the title of the question to reflect this. What I have done to get Dependency Injection working is: Add the usual entries to web.config for Spring.NET as outlined in the documentation, except for the adding the entry to the <httpHandlers> section. In this case I've got my object definitions in Spring.config. Create the following abstract base class that will deal with all of the Dependency Injection work: DIControl.cs public abstract class DIControl : ImmediacyControl { protected virtual string DIName { get { return this.GetType().Name; } } protected override void OnInit(EventArgs e) { if (ContextRegistry.GetContext().GetObject(DIName, this.GetType()) != null) ContextRegistry.GetContext().ConfigureObject(this, DIName); base.OnInit(e); } } For non-immediacy controls, you can make this server side control inherit from Control or whatever subclass of that you like. For any control with which you wish to use with Spring.NET's Inversion of Control container, define it to inherit from DIControl & add the relelvant entry to Spring.config, for example: SampleControl.cs public class SampleControl : DIControl, INamingContainer { public string Text { get; set; } protected string InjectedText { get; set; } public SampleControl() : base() { Text = "Hello world"; } protected override void RenderContents(HtmlTextWriter output) { output.Write(string.Format("{0} {1}", Text, InjectedText)); } } Spring.config <objects xmlns="http://www.springframework.net"> <object id="SampleControl" type="MyProject.SampleControl, MyAssembly"> <property name="InjectedText" value="from Spring.NET" /> </object> </objects> You can optionally override DIName if you wish to name your entry in Spring.config differently from the name of your class. Provided everything's done correctly, you will have the control writing out "Hello world from Spring.NET!" when used in a page. This solution uses Spring.NET's ContextRegistry from within the control, but I would be surprised if there's no way around that for Immediacy at least since the page objects themselves aren't accessible. However, can this be improved at all from a Spring.NET perspective? Is there maybe an Immediacy plugin that already does this that I'm completely unaware of? Or is there an approach that does this in a more elegant way? I'm open to suggestions.

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• Why is django admin not accepting Nullable foreign keys?

  - by p.g.l.hall

  Here is a simplified version of one of my models: class ImportRule(models.Model): feed = models.ForeignKey(Feed) name = models.CharField(max_length=255) feed_provider_category = models.ForeignKey(FeedProviderCategory, null=True) target_subcategories = models.ManyToManyField(Subcategory) This class manages a rule for importing a list of items from a feed into the database. The admin system won't let me add an ImportRule without selecting a feed_provider_category despite it being declared in the model as nullable. The database (SQLite at the moment) even checks out ok: >>> .schema ... CREATE TABLE "someapp_importrule" ( "id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "feed_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "someapp_feed" ("id"), "name" varchar(255) NOT NULL, "feed_provider_category_id" integer REFERENCES "someapp_feedprovidercategory" ("id"), ); ... I can create the object in the python shell easily enough: f = Feed.objects.get(pk=1) i = ImportRule(name='test', feed=f) i.save() ...but the admin system won't let me edit it, of course. How can I get the admin to let me edit/create objects without specifying that foreign key?

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• An Efficient data structure for Sorted List

  - by holydiver

  I want to save my objects according to a key in the attributes of my object in a sorted fashion. Later on I'll access these objects sequentially from max key to min key. I'll do some search tasks as well. I consider to use either AVL tree or RB Tree. As far as i know they are nearly equivalent in theory(Both have O(logn)). But in practice which one might be better in performance in my situation. And is there a better alternative than those, considering that I'll mostly do insert and sequentially access to the ds.

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• iPhone SDK Nested For Loop performance

  - by Skeep

  Hi All, I have a NSArray of string id and a NSDictionary of NSDictionary objects. I am currently looping through the string id array to match the id value in the NSDictionary. There are around 200 NSDictionary objects and only 5 or so string ID. My current code is such: for (NSString *Str in aArr) { for (NSDictionary *a in apArr) { if ([a objectForKey:@"id"] == Str) { NSLog(@"Found!"); } } } The performance of the above code is really slow and I was wondering if there is a better way to do this?

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• Accessing FacesContext from Web Service

  - by scriptmonster

  I'm developing a Web Service which will be called by clients which are written by me. In the web service I need to use application-wide objects which eases the load of application on the system. I have implemented my application-wide objects as shown in this question. I can use my object in a jsf page with no problem as follows. MyObject mo = (MyObject) FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().getExternalContext().getApplicationMap().get("MyObjectsName"); But when it comes to use it in a Web Service Request FacesContext.getCurrentInstance() returns null. Is there any way to use the FacesContext in a web service.

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• What is the best way to interoperably serialize a message?

  - by iwein

  I'm considering message serialization support for spring-integration. This would be useful for various wire level transports to implement guaranteed delivery, but also to allow interoperability with other messaging systems (e.g. through AMQP). The fundamental problem that arises is that a message containing Java object in it's payload and headers should be converted to a byte[] and/or written to a stream. Java's own serialization is clearly not going to cut it because that is not interoperable. My preference would be to create an interface that allows the user to implement the needed logic for all Objects that take part in serialization. Is this a sensible idea and what would the interface look like? Is there a standard interoperable way to serialize Objects that would make sense in this context?

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• How to simplify this code or a better design?

  - by Tattat

  I am developing a game, the game have different mode. Easy, Normal, and Difficult. So, I'm thinking about how to store the game mode. My first idea is using number to represent the difficulty. Easy = 0 Normal = 1 Difficult = 2 So, my code will have something like this: switch(gameMode){ case 0: //easy break; case 1: //normal break; case 3: //difficult break; } But I think it have some problems, if I add a new mode, for example, "Extreme", I need to add case 4... ... it seems not a gd design. So, I am thinking making a gameMode object, and different gameMode is sub class of the super class gameMode. The gameMode object is something like this: class GameMode{ int maxEnemyNumber; int maxWeaponNumber; public static GameMode init(){ GameMode gm = GameMode(); gm.maxEnemyNumber = 0; gm.maxWeaponNumber = 0; return gm; } } class EasyMode extends GameMode{ public static GameMode init(){ GameMode gm = super.init(); gm.maxEnemyNumber = 10; gm.maxWeaponNumber = 100; return gm; } } class NormalMode extends GameMode{ public static GameMode init(){ GameMode gm = super.init(); gm.maxEnemyNumber = 20; gm.maxWeaponNumber = 80; return gm; } } But I think it seems too "bulky" to create an object to store gameMode, my "gameMode" only store different variables for game settings.... Is that any simple way to store data only instead of making an Object? thz u.

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