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• Client Certificate installed in IE8 on Windows 7 doesn't work - 403.7

  - by mlauter

  We have configured IIS 6 to accept client certificates and have installed the certificate services on our server. When we go to http://[our site]/CertSrv and request a Web Browser Certificate (client certificate) from IE7/8 on Windows XP and Vista and Windows 7, then issue the cert on the server certificate authority manager, all combinations of the client/OS seem to install the client certificate properly in the personal certificate store. When we visit our test application that requires client certificates, all IE versions installed in Windows XP propmt for the client certificate and then properly display the page. Uhfortunately, all IE versions installed on Vista and Windows 7 do not prompt for the cert, nor do they automatically send the cert. It's like IE on these operating systems is unaware of the client certificate and it doesn't prompt for it, nor does it send it to the site. Since everything works as expected, at least on the XP configurations, we assume that IIS6 is correctly configured. It's been 8 hours with two of us trying to figure this out and we're ready to throw a laptop through a window and "the google" has let us down. Thanks for anyone who can help. Mark

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• alphanumeric and special character sorting

  - by Kaushik Gopal

  Hi ppl, I wanted to know the different standards of sorting. To be more specific take the sample set: (Please note there's capitals, small letters, special characters, null values and numbers here) A a 3F Zx - 1Ad NULL How would the Oracle Database sort this by default? How would LINQ sort this by default? How would db2 sort this by default? (the following may get even more vague) How does the Windows platform sort this? (I mean say you have a couple of filenames, by default how would this get treated in a name sort) How does the *nix platform sort this? Is there some sort of standard for alphanumeric/special character sorting? The Windows operating system orders with numbers first, then alphabets. The Oracle database however treats alphabets first. I'm not sure of the *nix platform. It would be nice to have one place to know all these rules for the most common platforms (listed in questions above). Would the gurus throw some light on this topic? Cheers, K

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• MVC Multiple submit buttons on a array of objects

  - by Kieron

  Hi, I've got a list of objects in an MVC view, each with a set of submit buttons - Move up, Move down and Remove. Using the answer from this question, I can get the button clicked - but I need to know which item it would be operating on. The problem comes from the fact the input's value attribute is passed back, I need more information than that - i.e. an id. Below is a snippet of the contents of a for loop, rendering each item. <ul> <li><input type="submit" name="SubmitButton" value="Move-Up" class="linked-content-position-modifier" /></li> <li><input type="submit" name="SubmitButton" value="Move-Down" class="linked-content-position-modifier" /></li> <li><input type="submit" name="SubmitButton" value="Remove" class="linked-content-modifier" /></li> <li><%= Model.Contents[i] %></li> </ul> When the form is posted back, I can see that the SubmitButton has a value of either Move-Up, Move-Down or Remove - but no idea which item in the array it's referring too. Without changing the value to something really ugly, how would I tell which item it's referring to?

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• Best Diff Tool?

  - by ila

  For all my present Diff / Merge needs I'm using Beyond Compare; when I decided to buy a license for it I tried other similar tools, both payware and freeware. Now BC is at version 3, and I think it's a great tool... but what are your experience in this field? Do you think there is something better? And what are the feature you like best on your favorite Diff tool? EDIT I'm recollecting here a list of the tools mentioned in the answers below, in order of preferences (more or less), separating pay- from free- ware and indicating supported operating system. Hope this helps. PAYWARE Beyond Compare (win + linux) - http://www.scootersoftware.com/ Araxis Merge (win + osX) - http://www.araxis.com/merge/index.html ExamDiff Pro (win) - http://www.prestosoft.com/edp_examdiffpro.asp ECMerge (win, osX, linux) - http://www.elliecomputing.com/Home/default.asp MergePlant (win) - http://www.mikado-ltd.com/ Changes (OSX) http://www.changesapp.com Deltopia DeltaWalker (win, osx, linux) http://www.deltopia.com/ FREEWARE FileMerge (OSX) - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Developer_Tools#FileMerge Tortoise SVN (win) - http://tortoisesvn.net/ WinMerge (win) - http://winmerge.org/ ExamDiff (win) - http://www.prestosoft.com/ps.asp?page=edp_examdiff Diff Merge from SourceGear - http://www.sourcegear.com/diffmerge/index.html Perforce Merge (win + linux + OSX) - http://www.perforce.com/perforce/products/merge.html meld (linux) - sudo apt-get install meld http://meld.sourceforge.net/ Vimdiff - vim distribution KDiff3 - http://kdiff3.sf.net/ ediff - EMacs distribution Tiny Hexer Kompare (KDE, linux) - http://www.caffeinated.me.uk/kompare/ tkdiff (win, linux, osX) - http://tkdiff.sourceforge.net

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• 8 bit enum, in C

  - by oxinabox.ucc.asn.au

  I have to store instuctions, commands that I will be receiving via serial. The commands will be 8 bits long. I'd like to use Enumerations to deal with them in my code. Only a enumeration corresponds to a ... on this platform I think a 16 bit integer. I need to preserve transparancy between command name, and its value. So as to avoid having to translate an 8-bit number received in serial into any type. BTW the platform is AVR ATmega169V microcontroller, on the Butterfly demo board. It may be being underclocked to preserve power (I'm opposed to this, I believe the ATmega169V uses no power, not next to a router. But that's getting offtopic.) So I need to keep things fast, and I don't have any luxuries like file I/O. Or operating systems. So any suggestions as to what type I should be using to store 8-bit commands? There has got to be something better than a massive header of #defines.

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• Which Computer Organization & Architecture book is good for me?

  - by claws

  I'm always interested in learning the inner working of things. I started with C programming and then learnt Operating systems (from stallings) and then linkers & loaders and then assembly language after reading these now I want to go into little more depth. Computer Architecture. I feel that makes everything clear. As per SO archives these are the two good books: Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 4th Edition Computer Organization and Design, Fourth Edition, ~ David A. Patterson, John L. Hennessy But I've browsed through the contents of these books and found that they don't exactly meet my needs. I want to learn more about caches, Memory Management Unit , mapping b/w virtual memory & physical memory I'm no way interested in other ISAs like MIPS etc.. I'm IA32 and X86-64 fan and I want to stick to it. I'm not a hardware developer I don't want to details like circuit diagrams or How is L1, L2 & L3 caches are implemented? I want to know the parallel processing technologies like HyperThreading at the architecture level but again I don't want to design them. I liked the table of Contents of - Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 4th Edition but Quantitave Approach? Seriously?? I want to know the details of current technologies and I dont want to spend reading 200 pages of outdated old technologies ( I experienced this while learning ASM}

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• Computer science textbooks

  - by Barrett Conrad

  I would like to try the book question a little bit differently. My goal is to know what the community thinks are the quintessential computer science textbooks. <beginsadstory>I lost all of my computer science and math books from college in Hurricane Katrina in 2005. I greatly miss having my familiar tomes to refer to when topics and problems come up, so I am looking to rebuild my library.<endsadstory> What are your recommendations for the best examples of academic caliber books for the field of computer science and its associated mathematics? I am looking for books on subjects like computational theory, programming languages, compilers, operating systems, algorithms and so on. Don't limit your suggestions to your textbooks only. If there is a book you have read that covers computer science or a related math in a formal way, but is not strictly a textbook, I would be love to hear about them as well. Finally, for the sake of creating a good reference for all of us, may I suggest posting one book per answer so they can be rated individually.

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• Python libusb pyusb "mach-o, but wrong architecture"

  - by Jon

  I am having some trouble with the pyusb module. I have narrowed down the problem to a single line, and have created a small example script to replicate the error. #!/usr/bin/env python """ This module was created to isolate the problem in the pyusb package. Operating system: Mac OS 10.6.3 Python Version: 2.6.4 libusb 1.0.8 has been successfully installed using: sudo port install libusb I have also tried modifying /opt/local/etc/macports/macports.conf to force the i386 architecture instead of x86_64. """ from ctypes import * import ctypes.util libname = ctypes.util.find_library('usb-1.0') print 'libname: ', libname l = CDLL(libname, RTLD_GLOBAL) # RESULT: #libname: /usr/local/lib/libusb-1.0.dylib #Traceback (most recent call last): # File "./pyusb_problem.py", line 7, in <module> # l = CDLL(libname, RTLD_GLOBAL) # File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/ctypes/__init__.py", line 353, in __init__ # self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode) #OSError: dlopen(/usr/local/lib/libusb-1.0.dylib, 10): no suitable image found. Did find: # /usr/local/lib/libusb-1.0.dylib: mach-o, but wrong architecture # End of File This same script runs on Ubuntu 10.04 successfully. I have tried building the libusb module (directly from source AND through macports) for 32-bit (i386) instead of x86_64 (default for OS 10.6), but I receive the same error. Thank-you in advance for your help!

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• UX question: is better to have "serious delete" or have "trash"

  - by ftrotter

  I am developing an application that allows for a user to manage some individual data points. One of the things that my users will want to do is "delete" but what should that mean? For a web application is it better to present a user with the option to have serious delete or to use a "trash" system? Under "serious delete" (would love to know if there is a better name for this...) you click "delete" and then the user is warned "this is final and tragic action. Once you do this you will not be able to get -insert data point name here- back, even if you are crying..." Then if they click delete... well it truly is gone forever. Under the "trash" model, you never trust that the user really wants to delete... instead you remove the data point from the "main display" and put into a bucket called "the trash". This gets it out of the users way, which is what they usually want, but they can get it back if they make a mistake. Obviously this is the way most operating systems have gone. The advantages of "serious delete" are: Easy to implement Easy to explain to users The disadvantages of "serious delete" are: it can be tragically final sometimes, cats walk on keyboards The advantages of the "trash" system are: user is safe from themselves bulk methods like "delete a bunch at once" make more sense saves support headaches The disadvantages of the "trash" system are": For sensitive data, you create an illusion of destruction users think something is gone, but it is not. Lots of subtle distinctions make implementation more difficult Do you "eventually" delete the contents of the trash? My question is which one is the right design pattern for modern web applications? With enough discussion to justify your answer... Would love to be pointed towards some relevant research. -FT

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• Beginner video capture and processing/Camera selection

  - by mattbauch

  I'll soon be undertaking a research project in real-time event recognition but have no experience with the programming aspect of video capture (I'm an upperclassman undergraduate in computer engineering). I want to start off on the right foot so advice from anyone with experience would be great. The ultimate goal is to track events such as a person standing up/sitting down, entering/leaving a room, possibly even shrugging/slumping in posture, etc. from a security camera-like vantage point. First of all, which cameras/companies would you recommend? I'm looking to spend ~$100, more if necessary but not much. Great resolution isn't a must, but is desirable if affordable. What about IP network cameras vs. a USB type webcam? Webcams are less expensive, but IP cameras seem like they'd be much less work to deal with in software. What features should I look for in the camera? Once I've selected a camera, what does converting its output to a series of RGB bitmaps entail? I've never dealt with video encoding/decoding so a starting point or a tutorial that will guide me up to this point would be great if anyone has suggestions. Finally, what is the best (least complicated/most efficient) way to display video from the camera plus my own superimposed images (boxes around events in progress, for instance) in a GUI application? I can work on any operating system in any language. I have some experience with win32 GUIs and Java GUIs. The focus of the project is on the algorithm and so I'm trying to get the video capture/display portion of the app done cleanly and quickly. Thanks for any responses!!

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• Matlab crashes on library initialize when called from Java

  - by David Sauter

  Hello everyone. The setup I have is I'm using a Java application to call native C-code with JNI, which in turn starts up the MATLAB runtime and calls functions on it (I know there are other solutions to call MATLAB methods from Java). The problem is that the MATLAB engine crashes at some point during the initialization and I don't know what's causing it exactly. The crash causes my jvm to terminate, I assume it's some kind of memory corruption. The C++ code calling MATLAB functions that is actually crashing is JNIEXPORT void JNICALL some_jni_vodoo_initializeLibrary(JNIEnv* env, jclass thisClass) { try { if (!mclInitializeApplication(NULL, 0)) { THROW_EXCEPTION(env, "Could not initialize the application properly."); return; } if (!<library>Initialize()) { THROW_EXCEPTION(env, "Could not initialize the library."); return; } } ... The function <library>Initialize() crashes here, the Java error log reads Stack Trace: [0] jmi.dll:0x793f4175(0x7934cdca, 1, 0x7937e67c "à;.y`[email protected] in C:\BUILD_ARE..", 0x792d6a32) [1] jvm.dll:0x792df9a5(0xc0000005, 0x79356791, 0x4961b400 "Ð\8y", 0x6d8b29de) [2] jvm.dll:0x792e0431(0x8b515008, 0x70f0e8ce, 0x8b5ffffa, 0xc25d5ec6) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Fatal Java Exception detected at Fri Apr 30 11:08:08 2010 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configuration: MATLAB Version: 7.8.0.347 (R2009a) MATLAB License: unknown Operating System: Microsoft Windows Vista Window System: Version 6.0 (Build 6002: Service Pack 2) Processor ID: x86 Family 6 Model 10 Stepping 5, GenuineIntel Virtual Machine: Java is not enabled Default Encoding: windows-1252 Java is not enabled I really have no idea what could be wrong. Is there not enough memory from the jvm? I guess the problem is somehow related to Java, since calling the JNI functions from a simple test C++ program works fine... Thanks

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• FOR BOUNTY: "QFontEngine(Win) GetTextMetrics failed ()" error on 64-bit Windows

  - by David Murdoch

  I'll add a large bounty to this when Stack Overflow lets me. I'm using wkhtmltopdf to convert HTML web pages to PDFs. This works perfectly on my 32-bit dev server [unfortunately, I can't ship my machine :-p ]. However, when I deploy to the web application's 64-bit server the following errors are displayed: C:\>wkhtmltopdf http://www.google.com google.pdf Loading pages (1/5) QFontEngine::loadEngine: GetTextMetrics failed () ] 10% QFontEngineWin: GetTextMetrics failed () QFontEngineWin: GetTextMetrics failed () QFontEngine::loadEngine: GetTextMetrics failed () QFontEngineWin: GetTextMetrics failed () QFontEngineWin: GetTextMetrics failed () QFontEngineWin: GetTextMetrics failed () QFontEngine::loadEngine: GetTextMetrics failed () ] 36% QFontEngineWin: GetTextMetrics failed () QFontEngineWin: GetTextMetrics failed () // ...etc.... and the PDF is created and saved... just WITHOUT text. All form-fields, images, borders, tables, divs, spans, ps, etc are rendered accurately...just void of any text at all. Server information: Windows edition: Windows Server Standard Service Pack 2 Processor: Intel Xeon E5410 @ 2.33GHz 2.33 GHz Memory: 8.00 GB System type: 64-bit Operating System Can anyone give me a clue as to what is happening and how I can fix this? Also, I wasn't sure what to tag/title this question with...so if you can think of better tags/title comment them or edit the question. :-)

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• Debugging SQL Server Slowness: Same Database, Different Servers

  - by Craig Walker

  For a while now we've been having anecdotal slowness on our newly-minted (VMWare-based) SQL Server 2005 database servers. Recently the problem has come to a head and I've started looking for the root cause of the issue. Here's the weird part: on the stored procedure that I'm using as a performance test case, I get a 30x difference in the execution speed depending on which DB server I run it on. This is using the same database (mdf) and log (ldf) files, detached, copied, and reattached from the slow server to the fast one. This doesn't appear to be a (virtualized) hardware issue: he slow server has 4x the CPU capacity and 2x the memory as the fast one. As best as I can tell, the problem lies in the environment/configuration of the servers (either operating system or SQL Server installation). However, I've checked a bunch of variables (SQL Server config options, running services, disk fragmentation) and found nothing that has made a difference in testing. What things should I be looking at? What tools can I use to investigate why this is happening?

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• What is the best way to send structs containing enum values via sockets in C.

  - by Axel

  I've lots of different structs containing enum members that I have to transmit via TCP/IP. While the communication endpoints are on different operating systems (Windows XP and Linux) meaning different compilers (gcc 4.x.x and MSVC 2008) both program parts share the same header files with type declarations. For performance reasons, the structures should be transmitted directly (see code sample below) without expensively serializing or streaming the members inside. So the question is how to ensure that both compilers use the same internal memory representation for the enumeration members (i.e. both use 32-bit unsigned integers). Or if there is a better way to solve this problem... //type and enum declaration typedef enum { A = 1, B = 2, C = 3 } eParameter; typedef enum { READY = 400, RUNNING = 401, BLOCKED = 402 FINISHED = 403 } eState; #pragma pack(push,1) typedef struct { eParameter mParameter; eState mState; int32_t miSomeValue; uint8_t miAnotherValue; ... } tStateMessage; #pragma pack(pop) //... send via socket tStateMessage msg; send(iSocketFD,(void*)(&msg),sizeof(tStateMessage)); //... receive message on the other side tStateMessage msg_received; recv(iSocketFD,(void*)(&msg_received),sizeof(tStateMessage)); Additionally... Since both endpoints are little endian maschines, endianess is not a problem here. And the pack #pragma solves alignment issues satisfactorily. Thx for your answers, Axel

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• Text editor capable of viewing invisibles?

  - by Timo

  A recent problem* left me wondering whether there is a text editor out there that lets you see every single character of the file, even if they are invisible? Specifically, I'm not looking for hex editing capabilities, I am interested in a text editor that'll show me all of the invisible characters (not just the common whitespace / line break characters). The BOM marker is just one example, others are e.g. mathematical invisibles or possibly unsupported characters. I'm not looking for a text editor that simply supports a large variety of text encoding / translations between encodings. All text editors I've come across treat the invisible characters correctly i.e. leave them invisible (or simply get removed in the translation as in the case of the BOM marker). I'm asking this mostly out of academic interests, so I'm not particular about any specific OS. I can easily test Linux and OSX solutions, but if you recommend a Windows editor, I would appreciate if you include descriptions of how the editor handles invisibles other than whitespace / line breaks. *The incident that lead me to this question: I wrote a perl script using TextWrangler and managed to change the encoding to UTF8 BOM, which inserts te BOM marker at the start of the file. Perl (or rather the operating system) promptly misses the #! and mayhem ensues. It then took me the better part of an afternoon to figure this out since most text editors do not show the BOM marker even with various "show invisibles" options turned on. Now I've learned my lesson and will use less immediately :-).

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• Why is Available Physical Memory (dwAvailPhys) > Available Virtual Memory (dwAvailVirtual) in call G

  - by Andrew

  I am playing with an MSDN sample to do memory stress testing (see: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc163613.aspx) and an extension of that tool that specifically eats physical memory (see http://www.donationcoder.com/Forums/bb/index.php?topic=14895.0;prev_next=next). I am obviously confused though on the differences between Virtual and Physical Memory. I thought each process has 2 GB of virtual memory (although I also read 1.5 GB because of "overhead". My understanding was that some/all/none of this virtual memory could be physical memory, and the amount of physical memory used by a process could change over time (memory could be swapped out to disc, etc.)I further thought that, in general, when you allocate memory, the operating system could use physical memory or virtual memory. From this, I conclude that dwAvailVirtual should always be equal to or greater than dwAvailPhys in the call GlobalMemoryStatus. However, I often (always?) see the opposite. What am I missing. I apologize in advance if my question is not well formed. I'm still trying to get my head around the whole memory management system in Windows. Tutorials/Explanations/Book recs are most welcome! Andrew

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• maps, iterators, and complex structs - STL errors

  - by Austin Hyde

  So, I have two structs: struct coordinate { float x; float y; } struct person { int id; coordinate location; } and a function operating on coordinates: float distance(const coordinate& c1, const coordinate& c2); In my main method, I have the following code: map<int,person> people; // populate people map<int,map<float,int> > distance_map; map<int,person>::iterator it1,it2; for (it1=people.begin(); it1!=people.end(); ++it1) { for (it2=people.begin(); it2!=people.end(); ++it2) { float d = distance(it1->second.location,it2->second.location); distance_map[it1->first][d] = it2->first; } } However, I get the following error upon build: stl_iterator_base_types.h: In instantiation of ‘std::iterator_traits<coordinate>’: stl_iterator_base_types.h:129: error: no type named ‘iterator_category’ in ‘struct coordinate’ stl_iterator_base_types.h:130: error: no type named ‘value_type’ in ‘struct coordinate’ stl_iterator_base_types.h:131: error: no type named ‘difference_type’ in ‘struct coordinate’ stl_iterator_base_types.h:132: error: no type named ‘pointer’ in ‘struct coordinate’ stl_iterator_base_types.h:133: error: no type named ‘reference’ in ‘struct coordinate’ And it blames it on the line: float d = distance(it1->second.location,it2->second.location); Why does the STL complain about my code?

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• Reference for proper handling of PID file on Unix

  - by bignose

  Where can I find a well-respected reference that details the proper handling of PID files on Unix? On Unix operating systems, it is common practice to “lock” a program (often a daemon) by use of a special lock file: the PID file. This is a file in a predictable location, often ‘/var/run/foo.pid’. The program is supposed to check when it starts up whether the PID file exists and, if the file does exist, exit with an error. So it's a kind of advisory, collaborative locking mechanism. The file contains a single line of text, being the numeric process ID (hence the name “PID file”) of the process that currently holds the lock; this allows an easy way to automate sending a signal to the process that holds the lock. What I can't find is a good reference on expected or “best practice” behaviour for handling PID files. There are various nuances: how to actually lock the file (don't bother? use the kernel? what about platform incompatibilities?), handling stale locks (silently delete them? when to check?), when exactly to acquire and release the lock, and so forth. Where can I find a respected, most-authoritative reference (ideally on the level of W. Richard Stevens) for this small topic?

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• Are web-safe colors still relevant?

  - by Gavin Miller

  Since the vast majority of monitors are 16-bit color or more, including mobile devices, does it make sense to even consider web-safe colors when choosing color schemes? Or is it something that ought to be relegated to history as a piece of trivia? For those of you that don't know what web-safe colors are: Another set of 216 color values is commonly considered to be the "web-safe" color palette, developed at a time when many computer displays were only capable of displaying 256 colors. A set of colors was needed that could be shown without dithering on 256-color displays; the number 216 was chosen partly because computer operating systems customarily reserved sixteen to twenty colors for their own use; it was also selected because it allows exactly six shades each of red, green, and blue (6 × 6 × 6 = 216). The list of colors is often presented as if it has special properties that render them immune to dithering. In fact, on 256-color displays applications can set a palette of any selection of colors that they choose, dithering the rest. These colors were chosen specifically because they matched the palettes selected by the then leading browser applications. [Wikipedia]

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• "QFontEngine(Win) GetTextMetrics failed ()" error on 64-bit Windows

  - by David Murdoch

  I'll add 500 of my own rep as a bounty when SO lets me. I'm using wkhtmltopdf to convert HTML web pages to PDFs. This works perfectly on my 32-bit dev server [unfortunately, I can't ship my machine :-p ]. However, when I deploy to the web application's 64-bit server the following errors are displayed: C:\>wkhtmltopdf http://www.google.com google.pdf Loading pages (1/5) QFontEngine::loadEngine: GetTextMetrics failed () ] 10% QFontEngineWin: GetTextMetrics failed () QFontEngineWin: GetTextMetrics failed () QFontEngine::loadEngine: GetTextMetrics failed () QFontEngineWin: GetTextMetrics failed () QFontEngineWin: GetTextMetrics failed () QFontEngineWin: GetTextMetrics failed () QFontEngine::loadEngine: GetTextMetrics failed () ] 36% QFontEngineWin: GetTextMetrics failed () QFontEngineWin: GetTextMetrics failed () // ...etc.... and the PDF is created and saved... just WITHOUT text. All form-fields, images, borders, tables, divs, spans, ps, etc are rendered accurately...just void of any text at all. Server information: Windows edition: Windows Server Standard Service Pack 2 Processor: Intel Xeon E5410 @ 2.33GHz 2.33 GHz Memory: 8.00 GB System type: 64-bit Operating System Can anyone give me a clue as to what is happening and how I can fix this? Also, I wasn't sure what to tag/title this question with...so if you can think of better tags/title comment them or edit the question. :-)

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• Why does my Delphi program's memory continue to grow?

  - by lkessler

  I am using Delphi 2009 which has the FastMM4 memory manager built into it. My program reads in and processes a large dataset. All memory is freed correctly whenever I clear the dataset or exit the program. It has no memory leaks at all. Using the CurrentMemoryUsage routine given in spenwarr's answer to: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/437683/how-to-get-the-memory-used-by-a-delphi-program, I have displayed the memory used by FastMM4 during processing. What seems to be happening is that memory is use is growing after every process and release cycle. e.g.: 1,456 KB used after starting my program with no dataset. 218,455 KB used after loading a large dataset. 71,994 KB after clearing the dataset completely. If I exit at this point (or any point in my example), no memory leaks are reported. 271,905 KB used after loading the same dataset again. 125,443 KB after clearing the dataset completely. 325,519 KB used after loading the same dataset again. 179,059 KB after clearing the dataset completely. 378,752 KB used after loading the same dataset again. It seems that my program's memory use is growing by about 53,400 KB upon each load/clear cycle. Task Manager confirms that this is actually happening. I have heard that FastMM4 does not always release all of the program's memory back to the Operating system when objects are freed so that it can keep some memory around when it needs more. But this continual growing bothers me. Since no memory leaks are reported, I can't identify a problem. Does anyone know why this is happening, if it is bad, and if there is anything I can or should do about it?

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• What are the primitive Forth operators?

  - by Barry Brown

  I'm interested in implementing a Forth system, just so I can get some experience building a simple VM and runtime. When starting in Forth, one typically learns about the stack and its operators (DROP, DUP, SWAP, etc.) first, so it's natural to think of these as being among the primitive operators. But they're not. Each of them can be broken down into operators that directly manipulate memory and the stack pointers. Later one learns about store (!) and fetch (@) which can be used to implement DUP, SWAP, and so forth (ha!). So what are the primitive operators? Which ones must be implemented directly in the runtime environment from which all others can be built? I'm not interested in high-performance; I want something that I (and others) can learn from. Operator optimization can come later. (Yes, I'm aware that I can start with a Turing machine and go from there. That's a bit extreme.) Edit: What I'm aiming for is akin to bootstrapping an operating system or a new compiler. What do I need do implement, at minimum, so that I can construct the rest of the system out of those primitive building blocks? I won't implement this on bare hardware; as an educational exercise, I'd write my own minimal VM.

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• Using DPAPI / ProtectedData in a web farm environment with the User Store

  - by Lachman

  I was wondering if anyone had successfully used DPAPI with a user store in a web farm enviroment? Because our application is a recently converted from 1.1 to 2.0 asp.net app, we're using a custom wrapper which directly calls the CryptUnprotect methods. But this should be the same as the ProtectedData method available in the 2.0 framework. Because we are operating in a web farm environment, we can't guarantee that the machine that did the encryption is going to be the one decrypting it. (Also because machine failures shouldn't destroy our encrypted data). So what we have is a serviced component that runs in a service under a particular user account on each one of our web boxes. This user is a set up to have a roaming profile, as per the recomendation. The problem we have is that info encrypted on one machine can not be decrypted on another, this fails with the win32 error 'Key not valid for use in specified state'. I suspect that this is because I've made a mistake by having the encryption service running as the user on multiple machines, hence keeping the user logged in on more than one machine at the same time. If this is the problem, how are other using DPAPI with the User Store in a web farm environment?

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• How do I develop browser plugins with cross-platform and cross-browser compatibility in mind?

  - by Schnapple

  My company currently has a product which relies on a custom, in-house ActiveX control. The technology it employs (TWAIN) is itself cross-platform by design, but our solution is obviously limited to Internet Explorer on Windows. Long term we would like to become cross-browser and cross-platform (i.e., support other browsers on Windows, support the Macintosh or Linux). Obviously if we wanted to support Firefox on Windows I would need to write a plugin for it. But if we wanted to support the Macintosh, how do I attack that? Is it possible to compile a version of the Firefox plugin that runs on the Mac? Would I be remiss to not also support Safari on the Mac? Are there any plugins which are cross-browser on a platform? (i.e., can any browsers run plugins for other browsers) Since TWAIN is so low-level to the operating system, I do not think Java would be a solution in any capacity, but I could be wrong. What do people generally do when they want to support multiple platforms with a process that will need to be cross-platform and cross-browser compatible?

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• Normalizing (webdav) unicode paths

  - by Evert

  Hi guys, I'm working on a WebDAV implementation for PHP. In order to make it easier for Windows and other operating systems to work together, I need jump through some character encoding hoops. Windows uses ISO-8859-1 in it's HTTP request, while most other clients encode anything beyond ascii as UTF-8. My first approach was to ignore this altogether, but I quickly ran into issues when returning urls. I then figured it's probably best to normalize all urls. Using u¨ as an example. This will get sent over the wire by OS/X as u%CC%88 (this is codepoint U+0308) Windows sents this as: %FC (latin1) But, doing a utf8_encode on %FC, I get : %C3%BC (this is codepoint U+00FC) Should I treat %C3%BC and u%CC%88 as the same thing? If so.. how? Not touching it seems to work OK for windows. It somehow understands that it's a unicode character, but updating the same file throws an error (for no particular reason). I'd be happy to provide more information.

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