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• Header precendence: Apache Vs. PHP specific to cache-control & expires

  - by David

  My companies production dynamic web servers ( Apache + PHP 5.1x) are using the Apache expires module and there is a clause inside http.conf as follows: <FilesMatch ".+"> ExpiresActive On ExpiresDefault "A0" </FilesMatch> If I were to set inside a php script "Cache-Control" and "Expires", would it get eaten by this clause? Normally I would test this on my own but having trouble convincing the Expires module to function on my workstation and the company Admin's are down at the data-center.

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• How to ignore query parameters in web cache?

  - by eduardocereto

  Google Analytics use some query parameters to identify campaigns and to do cookie control. This is all handled by javascript code. Take a look at the following example: http://www.example.com/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_ter m=October%2B2008&utm_campaign=promotion This will set cookies via JavaScript with the right campaign origin. This query parameters can have multiple and sometimes random values. Since they are used as cache hash keys the cache performance is heavily degraded in some scenarios. I suppose there's a not so hard configuration on cache servers to just ignore all query parameters or specific query parameters. Am I right? Does anyone know how hard is it in popular web cache solutions, to create ? I'm not interested in a specific web cache solution. It would be great to hear about the one you use.

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• How to increase the disk cache of Windows 7

  - by Mark Christiaens

  Under Windows 7 (64 bit), I'm reading through 9000 moderately sized files. In total, there is more than 200 MB of data. Using Java (JDK 1.6.21) I'm iterating over the files. The first 1400 or so go at full speed but then speed drops off to 4ms per file. It turns out that the main cost is incurred simply by opening the files. I'm opening the files using new FileInputStream (and of course closing them in time to avoid file leaks). After some investigating, I see that Windows' disk cache is using only 100 MB or so of RAM although I have 8 GiB available. I've tried increasing the cache size using the CacheSet tool but any values I provide are considered out of range. I've also tried enabling the LargeSystemCache registry key but (after rebooting) the CacheSet tool still indicates I'm using 100 MB of cache (and doesn't increase during the test run). Does anybody have any suggestions to "encourage" Windows 7 to cache my 9000 files?

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• Recover a deleted webpage

  - by rc

  Suppose, a blog or a nice article was hosted on a website and it got deleted or worse the website was brought down. How do you view that web page? I tried searching for the cached version in Google. But, looks like the content was deleted long ago and is not listed in the search results directly. There are annotations to the link from many other sites, but still the actual content is not fully available. Now, can anybody help me see this page... I am actually looking for http://effectize.com/become-coolest-programmer :) And, moreover, in addition to bookmarking a favorite link, is it possible to cache the content of the link as well for later reference in case it gets deleted? EDIT: Looks like a URL can be cached for future reference. Try: http://backupurl.com/

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• Do all web caches understand the "Cache-Control" HTTP header?

  - by chris_l

  I'd like to avoid the "Expires" header, and use "Cache-Control" only - or maybe the other way around. The headers will account for a significant percentage of my traffic, so I'd prefer not to "use both". AFAIK, the "Cache-Control" header was standardized in HTTP 1.1, but are there still web caches/proxies in use, which don't understand it? Note: This could help answering a part of my stackoverflow (bounty) question

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• Requesting better explanation for expires headers

  - by syn4k

  I have successfully implemented expires headers however, for several days I have been stumped by one thing. This article: http://www.tipsandtricks-hq.com/how-to-add-far-future-expires-headers-to-your-wordpress-site-1533 states Keep in mind that when you use expires header the files are cached in the browser until it expires so do not use this on files that changes frequently. Other sites indicate the same in my reading. But this doesn't seem to be true. I have updated an image, using the same name, several times. Each time I update and refresh my browser, the new image (with the same name) displays. I understand from this article that the old image should display unless I use a new name. Do you happen to know where the misunderstanding is? I have verified that the image in question has expires headers set on it: Request Headers: Host domain.com User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; en-US; rv:1.9.2.28) Gecko/20120306 Firefox/3.6.28 FirePHP/0.5 Accept image/png,image/*;q=0.8,*/*;q=0.5 Accept-Language en-us,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding gzip,deflate Accept-Charset ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive 115 Connection keep-alive Referer http://domain.com/index.php Cookie __utma=1.61479883.1332439113.1332783348.1332796726.4; __utmz=1.1332439113.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none);PHPSESSID=lv2hun9klt2nhrdkdbqt8abug7; __utmb=1.33.10.1332796726; __utmc=1; ck_authorized=true x-insight activate If-Modified-Since Mon, 26 Mar 2012 21:55:33 GMT Cache-Control max-age=0 Response Headers: Date Mon, 26 Mar 2012 22:06:50 GMT Server Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS) Connection close Expires Wed, 25 Apr 2012 22:06:50 GMT Cache-Control max-age=2592000

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• flashcache with mdadm and LVM

  - by Backtogeek

  I am having trouble setting up flashcache on a system with LVM and mdadm, I suspect I am either just missing an obvious step or getting some mapping wrong and hoped someone could point me in the right direction? system info: CentOS 6.4 64 bit mdadm config md0 : active raid1 sdd3[2] sde3[3] sdf3[4] sdg3[5] sdh3[1] sda3[0] 204736 blocks super 1.0 [6/6] [UUUUUU] md2 : active raid6 sdd5[2] sde5[3] sdf5[4] sdg5[5] sdh5[1] sda5[0] 3794905088 blocks super 1.1 level 6, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [6/6] [UUUUUU] md3 : active raid0 sdc1[1] sdb1[0] 250065920 blocks super 1.1 512k chunks md1 : active raid10 sdh1[1] sda1[0] sdd1[2] sdf1[4] sdg1[5] sde1[3] 76749312 blocks super 1.1 512K chunks 2 near-copies [6/6] [UUUUUU] pcsvan PV /dev/mapper/ssdcache VG Xenvol lvm2 [3.53 TiB / 3.53 TiB free] Total: 1 [3.53 TiB] / in use: 1 [3.53 TiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ] flashcache create command used: flashcache_create -p back ssdcache /dev/md3 /dev/md2 pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/mapper/ssdcache VG Name Xenvol PV Size 3.53 TiB / not usable 106.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 128.00 MiB Total PE 28952 Free PE 28912 Allocated PE 40 PV UUID w0ENVR-EjvO-gAZ8-TQA1-5wYu-ISOk-pJv7LV vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name Xenvol System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 2 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 1 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 3.53 TiB PE Size 128.00 MiB Total PE 28952 Alloc PE / Size 40 / 5.00 GiB Free PE / Size 28912 / 3.53 TiB VG UUID 7vfKWh-ENPb-P8dV-jVlb-kP0o-1dDd-N8zzYj So that is where I am at, I thought that was the job done however when creating a logical volume called test and mounting it is /mnt/test the sequential write is pathetic, 60 ish MB/s /dev/md3 has 2 x SSD's in Raid0 which alone is performing at around 800 MB/s sequential write and I am trying to cache /dev/md2 which is 6 x 1TB drives in raid6 I have read a number of pages through the day and some of them here, it is obvious from the results that the cache is not functioning but I am unsure why. I have added the filter line in the lvm.conf filter = [ "r|/dev/sdb|", "r|/dev/sdc|", "r|/dev/md3|" ] It is probably something silly but the cache is clearly performing no writes so I suspect I am not mapping it or have not mounted the cache correctly. dmsetup status ssdcache: 0 7589810176 flashcache stats: reads(142), writes(0) read hits(133), read hit percent(93) write hits(0) write hit percent(0) dirty write hits(0) dirty write hit percent(0) replacement(0), write replacement(0) write invalidates(0), read invalidates(0) pending enqueues(0), pending inval(0) metadata dirties(0), metadata cleans(0) metadata batch(0) metadata ssd writes(0) cleanings(0) fallow cleanings(0) no room(0) front merge(0) back merge(0) force_clean_block(0) disk reads(9), disk writes(0) ssd reads(133) ssd writes(9) uncached reads(0), uncached writes(0), uncached IO requeue(0) disk read errors(0), disk write errors(0) ssd read errors(0) ssd write errors(0) uncached sequential reads(0), uncached sequential writes(0) pid_adds(0), pid_dels(0), pid_drops(0) pid_expiry(0) lru hot blocks(31136000), lru warm blocks(31136000) lru promotions(0), lru demotions(0) Xenvol-test: 0 10485760 linear I have included as much info as I can think of, look forward to any replies.

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• Nodejs for processing js and Nginx for handling everything else

  - by Kevin Parker

  I am having a nodejs running on port 8000 and nginx on port 80 on same server. I want Nginx to handle all the requests(image,css,etc) and forward js requests to nodejs server on port 8000. Is it possible to achieve this. i have configured nginx as reverse proxy but its forwarding every request to nodejs but i want nginx to process all except js. nginx/sites-enabled/default/ upstream nodejs { server localhost:8000; #nodejs } location / { proxy_pass http://192.168.2.21:8000; proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504; proxy_redirect off; proxy_buffering off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; }

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• Tell browsers to cache until last modified date changes?

  - by Chad Johnson

  My web site consists of static HTML files which are usually republished once per day, and sometimes more. I'm using Apache. In the vhost settings for my site, I'd like to tell browsers to cache HTML files indefinitely, until Apache sees that they are modified. So as soon as an HTML file is changed, Apache should immediately begin telling browsers it's changed and send the updated file. As soon as a new file is published, browsers should immediately begin receiving that...they should never receive old versions of files. Maybe ExpiresByType text/html modification and no "plus x days." Is something like this possible?

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• How much HDD space would I need to cache the web while respecting robot.txts?

  - by Koning Baard XIV

  I want to experiment with creating a web crawler. I'll start with indexing a few medium sized website like Stack Overflow or Smashing Magazine. If it works, I'd like to start crawling the entire web. I'll respect robot.txts. I save all html, pdf, word, excel, powerpoint, keynote, etc... documents (not exes, dmgs etc, just documents) in a MySQL DB. Next to that, I'll have a second table containing all restults and descriptions, and a table with words and on what page to find those words (aka an index). How much HDD space do you think I need to save all the pages? Is it as low as 1 TB or is it about 10 TB, 20? Maybe 30? 1000? Thanks

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• static index.html file nginx

  - by Guntis

  We are using nginx with php-fpm. We plan to make first page static (generate html file). if we have 100 concurrent connections, how we can handle file regeneration? basically we need generate new file index_new.html, then delete index.html, and then move index_new.html to index.html. What happens when index.html file was deleted? User gets 404 error? Or nginx handles file from OS cache? One idea is to tell nginx, that 404 error is index_new.html and then not to move index_new to index, but copy. But i don't like idea about 404 error. Thanks.

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• Is there a way i can see why Squid (Proxy Server) determines why a resources should be a MISS?

  - by Pure.Krome

  Hi folks, I'm using Fiddler/FireBug to debug some of our live server web content. We're getting a lot of :- X-Cache: MISS from X-Cache-Lookup: MISS from :8080 Via: 1.1 :8080 (squid/2.7.STABE3) I thought i knew a lot about cache-control / expires / last-modified / etags, etc.. but maybe not. So .. is there a way I can run squid in some verbose way to see why it thinks a resource which i request, is cached/is not getting cached, etc.. which is why we're getting MISSes back? cheers :)

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• Do I still need to send the "Expires" header, or can I assume that web caches understand "Cache-Cont

  - by chris_l

  I want to reduce the overhead caused by HTTP headers to a minimum, so I'd like to avoid the "Expires" header, and use "Cache-Control" only - or maybe the other way around (I'm planning to send very short HTTP responses to browsers, so the answer to this question doesn't fully apply here: My headers account for a significant percentage). AFAIK, the "Cache-Control" header was standardized in HTTP 1.1, but are there still web caches/proxies, that don't understand it? Note: This is a sub-question to my stackoverflow (bounty) question

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• Broadcasted networks appear cached with netsh? [on hold]

  - by Joe

  We have a company mandate to hide certain windows functions. I'm working on a company application which will allow my users to configure WiFi networks. The app is scanning broadcasted networks using: "netsh wlan show networks" it will return networks that have been turned off. For example: I will run the command and then unplug my wireless router with the SSID "Netgear". For several minutes after turning off the network, the show networks command will continue to return "Netgear". Does anyone know where this gets cached, how to clear it out, or how to force a fresh scan of "netsh wlan show networks"? Thanks all, J

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• AppFabric named cache, what happens if you lose a cache host?

  - by Liam

  I'm getting my head around how app fabric clustering works and there's something I'm not sure about. Given a structure where we have one named cache, with two lead hosts and (say) three cache hosts and high availability turned off and the lead host(s) performing the management role. When one cache host goes down do you loose the data that was on that cache host? In this MSDN article it states: Data on the non-lead hosts would be lost (assuming high availability was not enabled), but the rest of the cluster could continue serving and storing data But I was unsure if redundancy is built into the system. Would you loose x amount of data or would one of the other cache hosts store this data also and pick up the slack?

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• How to tell nginx to honor backend's cache?

  - by ChocoDeveloper

  I'm using php-fpm with nginx as http server (I don't know much about reverse proxies, I just installed it and didn't touch anything), without Apache nor Varnish. I need nginx to understand and honor the http headers I send. I tried with this config (taken from the docs) but didn't work: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf: fastcgi_cache_path /var/lib/nginx/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=website:10m inactive=10m; fastcgi_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri"; /etc/nginx/sites-available/website: server { fastcgi_cache website; #fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h; #fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1d; #fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m; #fastcgi_cache_min_uses 1; #fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_503; add_header X-Cache $upstream_cache_status; } I always get "MISS" and the cache dir is empty. If I uncomment the other directives, I get hit, but I don't want those "dumb" settings, I need to control them within my backend. For example, if my backend says "public, s-maxage=10", the cache should be considered stale after 10 secs. Instead, nginx will store it for 1h, because of these directives. I was thinking whether I should try proxy_cache, not sure what's the difference. In both fastcgi and proxy modules docs it says this: The cache honors backend's Cache-Control, Expires, and etc. since version 0.7.48, Cache-Control: private and no-store only since 0.7.66, though. Vary handling is not implemented. nginx version: nginx/1.1.19 Any thoughts? pd: I also have the reverse proxy that is offered by Symfony2 (which I turn off to use nginx's). The headers are interpreted correctly by it, so I think I'm doing it right.

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• Slower/cached Linux file system required

  - by Chopper3

  I know it sounds odd but I need a slower or cached filesystem. I have a lot of firewalls that are syslog'ing their data to a pair of Linux VMs which write these files to their 'local' (actually FC SAN attached) ext3-formatted disks and also forward the messages to our Splunk servers. The problem is that the syslog server is writing these syslog messages as hundreds, sometimes thousands, of tiny ~4k writes per second back to our FC SAN - which can handle this workload right now but our FW traffic's going to be growing by at least a factor of 5000% (really) in coming months and that'll be a pain for the SAN, I want to fix the root cause before it's a problem. So I need some help figuring out a way of getting these writes cached or held-off in some way from the 'physical' disks so that the VMs fire off larger, but less frequent, writes - there's no way of avoiding these writes but there's no need for it to do so many tiny ones. I've looked at the various ext3 options, setting noatime and nodiratime but that's not made much of a dent in the problem. Obviously I'm investigating other file systems but thought I'd throw this out in case others have the same problem in the future. Oh and I can't just forward these messages to Splunk, our firewall team insist they're in their original format for diag purposes.

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• SQL Server on VMWare - is transaction log corruption possible?

  - by demp

  Scenario: SQL Server 2005 or 2008, Windows 2008 OS. Running in a VM hosted on VMWare ESX server. Is there any known issue with VMWare when it caches pass-through write request and it never reaches the disk, while SQL Server "thinks" that write actually happened? This may lead to transaction log corruption in case of power failure or VM reboot. Just overheard the conversation but couldn't find it in relation to ESX.

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• Nginx issue with two web nodes

  - by HTF

  I'm running Wordpress website with Nginx and Memcached. I have simple DNS round robin balancing with A records pointing to both web servers. I've noticed the following entries in both web servers access logs: 192.168.1.10 example.com - [07/Jun/2012:22:43:58 +0100] "-" 400 0 "-" "-" - 0.000 192.168.1.10 example.com - [07/Jun/2012:22:43:58 +0100] "-" 400 0 "-" "-" - 0.000 192.168.1.10 example.com - [07/Jun/2012:22:43:58 +0100] "-" 400 0 "-" "-" - 0.000 192.168.1.10 example.com - [07/Jun/2012:22:43:58 +0100] "-" 400 0 "-" "-" - 0.000 192.168.1.10 example.com - [07/Jun/2012:22:43:58 +0100] "-" 400 0 "-" "-" - 0.000 I've configured W3 Total cache plugin for Wordpress - pointing to loopback address (127.0.0.1:11211) on each Wordpress installation. Is this because the webserver is trying to access content that is cached on the other web server? Shall I add IPs to W3 plugin of both web servers on each website (192.168.1.:11211, 192.168.1.2:11211)? I'm not sure if this related to Memcached or maybe some configuration issue on the server itself? Regards

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• Varnish going sick

  - by junke1990

  I'm having trouble with Varnish, it works for a couple of views and then just goes sick... The weird thing is that it does work for about 20 or 30 requests. If I call apache directly it works fine. I'm running Varnish Version: 3.0.3-1 on Debian Squeeze and, for now, Apache on port 80 and Varnish on port 8080 on the same server.. I'm using https://github.com/mattiasgeniar/varnish-3.0-configuration-templates as base for my VCLs and modified the VCLs to support Concrete5. Anyone any clue on how I should debug this? backend default { .host = "127.0.0.1"; .port = "80"; .connect_timeout = 1.5s; .first_byte_timeout = 45s; .between_bytes_timeout = 30s; .probe = { .url = "/"; .timeout = 1s; .interval = 10s; .window = 10; .threshold = 8; } } LOG 0 CLI - Rd ping 0 CLI - Wr 200 19 PONG 1353791312 1.0 0 CLI - Rd ping 0 CLI - Wr 200 19 PONG 1353791315 1.0 0 Backend_health - default Still sick 4--X-R- 0 8 10 0.000689 0.000000 HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently (the 301 is because I check for www.)

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• For a particular domain, how can I cache its JSON responses locally?

  - by Chris

  I'm coding the frontend of a web app that uses XHR to grab JSON data from a 3rd party. The 3rd party service is slow and because of its API design, we need to make a LOT of API requests every time I refresh the page to test some new code. It's making the development loop painful. The requests are GETs, POSTs and PUTs even though I'm pretty sure none of the requests are changing state. I want to go to localhost for the JSON rather than to this 3rd party API - simply to make my development process faster.

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• Cache that always returns immediate response?

  - by Col Wilson

  I have a web service that takes a while to build a response despite being tuned as best I can. What I'd like is some sort of cache sitting in front of the service which would always return the last known value from the service, but at the same time pass the request back to the service to build an up to date response for the next request. I'm aware of the limitations that this puts on the freshness of the data, but you can assume that I'm happy to live with that. The technologies I'm using at present are python uwsgi via nginx, but that need not be a limit to any solution you might suggest. Col

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• Apache Cache with multiple CacheRoots

  - by Tobias Greitzke

  I configured Apache with a CacheRoot directory for each of my domains / virtual hosts: <VirtualHost> ServerName domain1.tld ... CacheRoot /var/www/vhosts/domain1.tld/httpdocs/cache ... </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost> ServerName domain2.tld ... CacheRoot /var/www/vhosts/domain2.tld/httpdocs/cache ... </VirtualHost> I have this up and running for quite a while and so fare it's working pretty well except that I have to empty out the cache manually every so often because htcacheclean does't know of the different directories. Now I would like to setup htcacheclean to watch over the cache directories but as fare as I understand the manual, I can only set it to one cache directory. I would like to do something like this but that doesn't work: <VirtualHost> ServerName domain1.tld ... CacheRoot /var/www/vhosts/domain1.tld/httpdocs/cache htcacheclean -n -t -p/var/www/vhosts/domain1.tld/httpdocs/cache -l1024M ... </VirtualHost> Is it even right to have multiple cache directorys or should I work with just one cache directory for all of the domains?

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• How long does it take in practice to warm up large in-memory databases?

  - by Sim

  Companies such as Peak Hosting are offering 64 core machines with 512Gb RAM for $2K/month. This is a very interesting choice for in-memory databases such as Memcached/Redis as well as databases whose performance degrades rapidly when the data & indexes don't fit in RAM, such as MongoDB. My main concern with monster machines such as these is the time it takes to warm up an in-memory database. In my experience, theoretical metrics, e.g., that SATA can load 100Mb/sec, fall short of what happens in practice. Even at that rate, 100Mb/sec means that loading up 512Gb RAM machine from SATA disks can take over 1 1/2 hours (!). I am looking for real-world reports of warm-up times for machines with very large memory. Please, share details of the software on the machine, data size, storage configuration, e.g., SATA or SSD, network, hosting/cloud provider, if relevant, etc.

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• Is LLVM suitable for parallel languages?

  - by DSblizzard

  What properties of LLVM makes it good choice for implementation of (parallel, concurrent, distributed)-oriented language, what makes it bad?

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