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• How do I enable TUN/TAP forwarding?

  - by rafal

  I have a program which writes packets (destination address 10.3.0.2) to the TUN/TAP interface. Network: host1|tun0----eth1(10.3.0.1)|-------------------host2|eth1(10.3.0.2)| Wireshark captures these packets from interface tun0 but they are not forwarded to interface eth1. Commands: sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 sysctl -p iptables -A INPUT -i tun+ -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i tun+ -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i tap+ -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i tap+ -j ACCEPT /etc/init.d/networking restart /etc/init.d/openvpn restart

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• PortForwarding to IIS in Linux

  - by Simon

  Hi, I am trying to set up port forwarding on a linux box to a IIS webserver on my internal network. The web server sits on Windows 2003 Server. My linux box has eth0 - Internet connection eth1 - internal subnet (10.10.10.x) eth2 - 2nd internal subnet (129.168.0.x) dhcp interface my webserver is on the eth2 interface (192.168.0.6) I am doing port forwarding for port 80 with no avail. I use the same set of rules to port forward to a different webserver and it works. The webapplication is available on the internal network but not for external users. iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth0 -d $PUBLIC_IP --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 192.168.0.6:80 iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -i eth0 -o eth2 -d 192.168.0.6 --dport 80 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -t filter -o eth0 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -t filter -i eth0 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE Any Ideas?

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• Configure firewalld for OpenVPN (server-bridge) in Fedora 20

  - by rsc1975

  I've installed an OpenVPN server (server-bridge) on Fedora 20, but I cannot get it to work. I'm almost sure that It's a firewall issue. I'm trying to connect from an OSX client, but I can connect (just connect to VPN server, without access to anything) before the bridge is configured in server, however once I configure the bridge interface (using this script), then I cannot connect anymore. I've configured it as server-bridge, following these HOW-TOs from Fedora and OpenVPN Ethernet-Bridge. The firewall config is explained using iptables: iptables -A INPUT -i tap0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i br0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i br0 -j ACCEPT However, in Fedora 20, by default, It's installed firewalld, so, Can anyone tell me the equivalent commands using firewall-cmd ? I read the firewalld guide, but It's not clear to me how to achieve it (I'm a developer, no SysAdmin). I know that I can install iptables, but I want it to work with firewalld.

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• can't install anything anymore with apt-get

  - by Aymane Shuichi

  Welcome this is the log I have when trying to install anything (php5-fpm after removing it) apt-get install php5-fpm Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done php5-fpm is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Setting up php5-fpm (5.4.4-14+deb7u10) ... insserv: warning: script 'S55IptabLes' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: warning: script 'S55IptabLex' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: There is a loop between service IptabLes and mountnfs if started insserv: loop involving service mountnfs at depth 8 insserv: loop involving service networking at depth 7 insserv: loop involving service mountnfs-bootclean at depth 10 insserv: There is a loop between service rc.local and mountall if started insserv: loop involving service mountall at depth 6 insserv: loop involving service checkfs at depth 5 insserv: loop involving service kbd at depth 11 insserv: There is a loop between service rc.local and mountall-bootclean if started insserv: loop involving service mountall-bootclean at depth 7 insserv: loop involving service urandom at depth 9 insserv: There is a loop between service IptabLes and mountdevsubfs if started insserv: loop involving service mountdevsubfs at depth 2 insserv: loop involving service udev at depth 1 insserv: There is a loop at service rc.local if started insserv: There is a loop at service IptabLes if started insserv: Starting IptabLes depends on rc.local and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! (x99 times repeated ) insserv: Max recursions depth 99 reached insserv: loop involving service postfix at depth 2 insserv: There is a loop between service IptabLes and udev if started insserv: loop involving service mountkernfs at depth 1 insserv: loop involving service IptabLes at depth 1 Now here is the error i get insserv: exiting now without changing boot order! update-rc.d: error: insserv rejected the script header dpkg: error processing php5-fpm (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Errors were encountered while processing: php5-fpm E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) The biggest operation I held before this was updating nginx from 1.2 to 1.6 and it was thanks to this site : here is the link : How to upgrade nginx from 1.2 to 1.6 on debian 7 Please help !

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• cannot connect to my nginx server from remote machine

  - by margincall

  I thought that it's iptables problem.. but it seems not. I really have no idea about this situation. I'm getting a server hosting(CentOS). I installed Nginx + Django and nginx uses 8080 port. A domain is connected to the server. When I executed "wget [domain]:8080/[app name]/" in the server, it worked. Of course, "wget 127.0.0.1:8080/[app name]/" has no problem. (wget [server ip]:8080/[app name]/, either) However, from other computers, connecting was failed. (message says, no route) I checked my firewall setting. I excuted these commands. iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT iptables -I OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 8080 -j ACCEPT iptables -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT /etc/init.d/iptables restart I don't really understand all options of commands and I think there were useless commands, but I just tried all googled iptables settings. But still I cannot connect to my server. What should I check, first? I don't know this is important, but add to this post. On 80 port, an apache server is running. It works fine, I can connect to apache from other computers. There is DB connecting issue, (PHP to MySQL) but I think that it is just PHP coding bug. please excuse my low-level English. I'm not native English speaker.. but I tried to explane well as far as possible. Thank you for reading this question.

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• SSH Connection Refused - Debug using Recovery Console

  - by olrehm

  Hey everyone, I have found a ton of questions answered about debugging why one cannot connect via SSH, but they all seem to require that you can still access the system - or say that without that nothing can be done. In my case, I cannot access the system directly, but I do have access to the filesystem using a recovery console. So this is the situation: My provider made some kernel update today and in the process also rebooted my server. For some reason, I cannot connect via SSH anymore, but instead get a ssh: connect to host mydomain.de port 22: Connection refused I do not know whether sshd is just not running, or whether something (e.g. iptables) blocks my ssh connection attempts. I looked at the logfiles, none of the files in /var/log contain any mentioning on ssh, and /var/log/auth.log is empty. Before the kernel update, I could log in just fine and used certificates so that I would not need a password everytime I connect from my local machine. What I tried so far: I looked in /etc/rc*.d/ for a link to the /etc/init.d/ssh script and found none. So I am expecting that sshd is not started properly on boot. Since I cannot run any programs in my system, I cannot use update-rc to change this. I tried to make a link manually using ln -s /etc/init.d/ssh /etc/rc6.d/K09sshd and restarted the server - this did not fix the problem. I do not know wether it is at all possible to do it like this and whether it is correct to create it in rc6.d and whether the K09 is correct. I just copied that from apache. I also tried to change my /etc/iptables.rules file to allow everything: # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.0 on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 *mangle :PREROUTING ACCEPT [7468813:1758703692] :INPUT ACCEPT [7468810:1758703548] :FORWARD ACCEPT [3:144] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [7935930:3682829426] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [7935933:3682829570] COMMIT # Completed on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.0 on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [7339662:1665166559] :FORWARD ACCEPT [3:144] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [7935930:3682829426] -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 993 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 143 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -s localhost -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7 -A INPUT -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT COMMIT # Completed on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.0 on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [101662:5379853] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [393275:25394346] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [393273:25394250] COMMIT # Completed on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 I am not sure this is done correctly or has any effect at all. I also did not find any mentioning of iptables in any file in /var/log. So what else can I do? Thank you for your help.

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• Webmin and/or port 10000 not working

  - by DisgruntledGoat

  I've recently installed Webmin on a Ubuntu server but I can't get it to work. I asked a recent question about saving iptables but it turns out you don't need to "save" iptables changes. Anyway, I still can't get Webmin working after opening the port up: iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 10000 -j ACCEPT It seems that either the command is not opening up port 10000, or there is a separate problem with Webmin. If I run iptables -L I see lines like the following, but no port 10000: ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:5555 state NEW ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:8002 state NEW ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:9001 state NEW However, there is a line: ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:webmin Any ideas why Webmin is not working? The IP address works fine and we can view web sites on the server, but https://[ip]:10000/ (or http) doesn't work.

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• How do I configure OpenVPN for accessing the internet with one NIC?

  - by Lekensteyn

  I've been trying to get OpenVPN to work for three days. After reading many questions, the HOWTO, the FAQ and even parts of a guide to Linux networking, I cannot get my an Internet connection to the Internet. I'm trying to set up a OpenVPN server on a VPS, which will be used for: secure access to the Internet bypassing port restrictions (directadmin/2222 for example) an IPv6 connection (my client does only have IPv4 connectivity, while the VPS has both IPv4 and native IPv6 connectivity) (if possible) I can connect to my server and access the machine (HTTP), but Internet connectivity fails completely. I'm using ping 8.8.8.8 for testing whether my connection works or not. Using tcpdump and iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -j LOG, I can confirm that the packets reach my server. If I ping to 8.8.8.8 on the VPS, I get an echo-reply from 8.8.8.8 as expected. When pinging from the client, I do not get an echo-reply. The VPS has only one NIC: etho. It runs on Xen. Summary: I want to have a secure connection between my laptop and the Internet using OpenVPN. If that works, I want to have IPv6 connectivity as well. Network setup and software: Home laptop (eth0: 192.168.2.10) (tap0: 10.8.0.2) | | (running Kubuntu 10.10; OpenVPN 2.1.0-3ubuntu1) | wifi | router/gateway (gateway 192.168.2.1) | INTERNET | VPS (eth0:1.2.3.4) (gateway, tap0: 10.8.0.1) (running Debian 6; OpenVPN 2.1.3-2) wifi and my home router should not cause problems since all traffic goes encrypted over UDP port 1194. I've turned IP forwarding on: # echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables has been configured to allow forwarding traffic as well: iptables -F FORWARD iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -s 10.8.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -j DROP I've tried each of these rules separately without luck (flushing the chains before executing): iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j SNAT --to 1.2.3.4 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE route -n before (server): 1.2.3.4 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 1.2.3.4 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 route -n after (server): 1.2.3.4 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.8.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 tap0 0.0.0.0 1.2.3.4 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 route -n before (client): 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 2 0 0 wlan0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 wlan0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 wlan0 route -n after (client): 1.2.3.4 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 wlan0 10.8.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 tap0 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 2 0 0 wlan0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 wlan0 0.0.0.0 10.8.0.1 128.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 tap0 128.0.0.0 10.8.0.1 128.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 tap0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 wlan0 SERVER config proto udp dev tap ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key dh dh1024.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 push "redirect-gateway def1" ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt keepalive 10 120 tls-auth ta.key 0 comp-lzo user nobody group nobody persist-key persist-tun log-append openvpn-log verb 3 mute 10 CLIENT config dev tap proto udp remote 1.2.3.4 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert client.crt key client.key ns-cert-type server tls-auth ta.key 1 comp-lzo verb 3 mute 20 traceroute 8.8.8.8 works as expected (similar output without OpenVPN activated): 1 10.8.0.1 (10.8.0.1) 24.276 ms 26.891 ms 29.454 ms 2 gw03.sbp.directvps.nl (178.21.112.1) 31.161 ms 31.890 ms 34.458 ms 3 ge0-v0652.cr0.nik-ams.nl.as8312.net (195.210.57.105) 35.353 ms 36.874 ms 38.403 ms 4 ge0-v3900.cr0.nik-ams.nl.as8312.net (195.210.57.53) 41.311 ms 41.561 ms 43.006 ms 5 * * * 6 209.85.248.88 (209.85.248.88) 147.061 ms 36.931 ms 28.063 ms 7 216.239.49.36 (216.239.49.36) 31.109 ms 33.292 ms 216.239.49.28 (216.239.49.28) 64.723 ms 8 209.85.255.130 (209.85.255.130) 49.350 ms 209.85.255.126 (209.85.255.126) 49.619 ms 209.85.255.122 (209.85.255.122) 52.416 ms 9 google-public-dns-a.google.com (8.8.8.8) 41.266 ms 44.054 ms 44.730 ms If you have any suggestions, please comment or answer. Thanks in advance.

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• Getting VSFTP running on Fedora 14

  - by Louis W

  Having troubles getting VSFTPD running on Fedora 14. Here is what I have done so far, please let me know if I am missing something. When I try to connect through FTP it says connection time out. Installed VSFTP with yum yum install vsftpd Edited config file vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf Started service and made sure it would always start up service vsftpd start chkconfig vsftpd on Added and configured a new user /usr/sbin/useradd upload /usr/bin/passwd upload usermod -c "This user cannot login to a shell" -s /sbin/nologin upload Added firewall rules iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 20 -j ACCEPT service iptables save service iptables restart Checked netstat (In reply to comment below) tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:21 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 23752/vsftpd

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• Solution to route/proxy SNMP Traps (or Netflow, generic UDP, etc) for network monitoring?

  - by Christopher Cashell

  I'm implementing a network monitoring solution for a very large network (approximately 5000 network devices). We'd like to have all devices on our network send SNMP traps to a single box (technically this will probably be an HA pair of boxes) and then have that box pass the SNMP traps on to the real processing boxes. This will allow us to have multiple back-end boxes handling traps, and to distribute load among those back end boxes. One key feature that we need is the ability to forward the traps to a specific box depending on the source address of the trap. Any suggestions for the best way to handle this? Among the things we've considered are: Using snmptrapd to accept the traps, and have it pass them off to a custom written perl handler script to rewrite the trap and send it to the proper processing box Using some sort of load balancing software running on a Linux box to handle this (having some difficulty finding many load balancing programs that will handle UDP) Using a Load Balancing Appliance (F5, etc) Using IPTables on a Linux box to route the SNMP traps with NATing We've currently implemented and are testing the last solution, with a Linux box with IPTables configured to receive the traps, and then depending on the source address of the trap, rewrite it with a destination nat (DNAT) so the packet gets sent to the proper server. For example: # Range: 10.0.0.0/19 Site: abc01 Destination: foo01 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p udp --dport 162 -s 10.0.0.0/19 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.1.2.3 # Range: 10.0.33.0/21 Site: abc01 Destination: foo01 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p udp --dport 162 -s 10.0.33.0/21 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.1.2.3 # Range: 10.1.0.0/16 Site: xyz01 Destination: bar01 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p udp --dport 162 -s 10.1.0.0/16 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.3.2.1 This should work with excellent efficiency for basic trap routing, but it leaves us completely limited to what we can mach and filter on with IPTables, so we're concerned about flexibility for the future. Another feature that we'd really like, but isn't quite a "must have" is the ability to duplicate or mirror the UDP packets. Being able to take one incoming trap and route it to multiple destinations would be very useful. Has anyone tried any of the possible solutions above for SNMP traps (or Netflow, general UDP, etc) load balancing? Or can anyone think of any other alternatives to solve this?

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• Preventing DDOS/SYN attacks (as far as possible)

  - by Godius

  Recently my CENTOS machine has been under many attacks. I run MRTG and the TCP connections graph shoots up like crazy when an attack is going on. It results in the machine becoming inaccessible. My MRTG graph: mrtg graph This is my current /etc/sysctl.conf config # Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux # # For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and # sysctl.conf(5) for more details. # Controls IP packet forwarding net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 # Controls source route verification net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 # Do not accept source routing net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 # Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel kernel.sysrq = 1 # Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename # Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 # Controls the use of TCP syncookies net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 # Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes kernel.msgmnb = 65536 # Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue kernel.msgmax = 65536 # Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes kernel.shmmax = 68719476736 # Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages kernel.shmall = 4294967296 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1280 Futher more in my Iptables file (/etc/sysconfig/iptables ) I only have this setup # Generated by iptables-save v1.3.5 on Mon Feb 14 07:07:31 2011 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [1139630:287215872] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [1222418:555508541] Together with the settings above, there are about 800 IP's blocked via the iptables file by lines like: -A INPUT -s 82.77.119.47 -j DROP These have all been added by my hoster, when Ive emailed them in the past about attacks. Im no expert, but im not sure if this is ideal. My question is, what are some good things to add to the iptables file and possibly other files which would make it harder for the attackers to attack my machine without closing out any non-attacking users. Thanks in advance!

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• OpenVPN and PPTP on XEN VPS

  - by amiv

  I have Debian based system (Ubuntu 11.10) on XEN VPS. I've installed OpenVPN and works great. I need to install PPTP too, so did it and clients can connect, but they have no internet on client side. If I connect to VPN over PPTP I can ping and access to only my VPS by its IP, but ony that. There's no "internet" on client side. It looks it's not DNS problems (I'm using 8.8.8.8) because I can't ping known IPs. I bet the solution is simple, but don't have any idea. Any guess? /etc/pptpd.conf option /etc/ppp/pptpd-options logwtmp localip 46.38.xx.xx remoteip 10.1.0.1-10 /etc/ppp/pptpd-options name pptpd refuse-pap refuse-chap refuse-mschap require-mschap-v2 require-mppe-128 ms-dns 8.8.8.8 ms-dns 8.8.4.4 proxyarp nodefaultroute lock nobsdcomp /etc/ppp/ip-up [...] ifconfig ppp0 mtu 1400 /etc/sysctl.conf [...] net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 Command which I run: iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -j SNAT --to-source 46.38.xx.xx (IP of my VPS) The client can connect, first one gets IP 10.1.0.1 and DNS from Google. I bet it's iptables problem, am I right? I'm iptables noob and I don't have idea what's wrong. And here's the ifconfig and route command before client connect via PPTP: root@vps3780:~# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface default xx.xx.tel.ru 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 10.8.0.2 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 46.38.xx.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 root@vps3780:~# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:56:xx:xx inet addr:46.38.xx.xx Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:xx:xx:dfb6/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:22671 errors:0 dropped:81 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2266 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1813358 (1.8 MB) TX bytes:667626 (667.6 KB) Interrupt:24 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:100 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:100 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:10778 (10.7 KB) TX bytes:10778 (10.7 KB) tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:10.8.0.1 P-t-P:10.8.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:602 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:612 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:90850 (90.8 KB) TX bytes:418904 (418.9 KB) And here's the ifconfig and route command after client connect via PPTP: root@vps3780:~# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface default xx.xx.tel.ru 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 10.1.0.1 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 10.8.0.2 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 46.38.xx.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 root@vps3780:~# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:56:xx:xx inet addr:46.38.xx.xx Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:xx:xx:dfb6/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:22989 errors:0 dropped:82 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2352 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1841310 (1.8 MB) TX bytes:678456 (678.4 KB) Interrupt:24 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:112 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:112 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:12102 (12.1 KB) TX bytes:12102 (12.1 KB) ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:46.38.xx.xx P-t-P:10.1.0.1 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1400 Metric:1 RX packets:66 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:15 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:3 RX bytes:10028 (10.0 KB) TX bytes:660 (660.0 B) tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:10.8.0.1 P-t-P:10.8.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:602 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:612 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:90850 (90.8 KB) TX bytes:418904 (418.9 KB) And ugly iptables --list output: root@vps3780:~# iptables --list Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT all -- 10.8.0.0/24 anywhere REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable ACCEPT all -- 10.1.0.0/24 anywhere ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT all -- 10.1.0.0/24 anywhere REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT all -- 10.8.0.0/24 anywhere REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable And ugly iptables -t nat -L output: root@vps3780:~# iptables -t nat -L Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination SNAT all -- 10.8.0.0/24 anywhere to:46.38.xx.xx MASQUERADE all -- 10.1.0.0/24 anywhere SNAT all -- 10.1.0.0/24 anywhere to:46.38.xx.xx SNAT all -- 10.8.0.0/24 anywhere to:46.38.xx.xx SNAT all -- 10.1.0.0/24 anywhere to:46.38.xx.xx MASQUERADE all -- anywhere anywhere SNAT all -- anywhere anywhere to:46.38.xx.xx SNAT all -- 10.8.0.0/24 anywhere to:46.38.xx.xx MASQUERADE all -- anywhere anywhere MASQUERADE all -- 10.1.0.0/24 anywhere MASQUERADE all -- anywhere anywhere MASQUERADE all -- 10.1.0.0/24 anywhere As I said - OpenVPN works very good. 10.8.0.0/24 for OpenVPN (on tun0). PPTP won't work. 10.1.0.0/24 for PPTP (on ppp0). Clients can connect, but they haven't "internet". Any suggestions will be appreciated. Second whole day fighting with no results. EDIT: iptables -t filter -F - it resolved my problem :-)

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• Set up Linux box as WAP for MyBookLive?

  - by AcidFlask

  I inherited an old Linux box as well as a MyBookLive and would like to make the MyBookLive available over my wireless, essentially using the Linux box as a wireless access point. I just wiped the Linux box (home) and installed Ubuntu 12.04 on it. My network setup currently looks like this: (192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0) ISP --- wireless router --- wlan0 on home (192.168.0.12) | eth0 on home --- MyBookLive MacBook (192.168.0.11) so that the MyBookLive is basically a glorified external hard drive. The router does have an Ethernet port, but it is being used by my roommate's computer so I can't plug the MyBookLive directly into it. Right now I can ping MyBookLive.local and MacBook.local from home, but I am having trouble understanding and figuring out what the correct iptables commands are to make my MacBook see my MyBookLive through the Bonjour network. Also, I'm not sure if I need to set up DNS to forward xxx.local Bonjour/Zeroconf addresses. I tried the following to forward my entire wired network (which has only my MyBookLive) to a single IP address: sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o wlan0 -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp -j DNAT --to 192.168.0.66 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p udp -j DNAT --to 192.168.0.66 but I can't ping this address from my MacBook. This is probably horribly wrong, but I am a complete noob at setting up this kind of network and could use some expert help with setting this up properly.

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• OpenVPN server will not redirect traffic

  - by skerit

  I set up an OpenVPN server on my VPS, using this guide: http://vpsnoc.com/blog/how-to-install-openvpn-on-a-debianubuntu-vps-instantly/ And I can connect to it without problems. Connect, that is, because no traffic is being redirected. When I try to load a webpage when connected to the vpn I just get an error. This is the config file it generated: dev tun server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key dh dh1024.pem push "route 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0" push "redirect-gateway" comp-lzo keepalive 10 60 ping-timer-rem persist-tun persist-key group daemon daemon This is my iptables.conf # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.4 on Sat May 7 13:09:44 2011 *raw :PREROUTING ACCEPT [37938267:10998335127] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [35616847:14165347907] COMMIT # Completed on Sat May 7 13:09:44 2011 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.4 on Sat May 7 13:09:44 2011 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [794948:91051460] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [1603974:108147033] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [1603974:108147033] -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o venet0 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT # Completed on Sat May 7 13:09:44 2011 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.4 on Sat May 7 13:09:44 2011 *mangle :PREROUTING ACCEPT [37938267:10998335127] :INPUT ACCEPT [37677226:10960834925] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [35616847:14165347907] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [35680187:14169930490] COMMIT # Completed on Sat May 7 13:09:44 2011 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.4 on Sat May 7 13:09:44 2011 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [37677226:10960834925] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [35616848:14165347947] -A INPUT -i eth0 -j LOG --log-prefix "BANDWIDTH_IN:" --log-level 7 -A FORWARD -o eth0 -j LOG --log-prefix "BANDWIDTH_OUT:" --log-level 7 -A FORWARD -i eth0 -j LOG --log-prefix "BANDWIDTH_IN:" --log-level 7 -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -j LOG --log-prefix "BANDWIDTH_OUT:" --log-level 7 COMMIT # Completed on Sat May 7 13:09:44 2011

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• How to Configure Ubuntu’s Built-In Firewall

  - by Chris Hoffman

  Ubuntu includes its own firewall, known as ufw – short for “uncomplicated firewall.” Ufw is an easier-to-use frontend for the standard Linux iptables commands. You can even control ufw from a graphical interface. Ubuntu’s firewall is designed as an easy way to perform basic firewall tasks without learning iptables. It doesn’t offer all the power of the standard iptables commands, but it’s less complex. HTG Explains: Why Linux Doesn’t Need Defragmenting How to Convert News Feeds to Ebooks with Calibre How To Customize Your Wallpaper with Google Image Searches, RSS Feeds, and More

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• Port 21 will not open. status is closed. forward port 21 to new domains.

  - by Bob Swaggerty

  I am having a problem opening port 21 on my Linux Ubuntu server. No matter what i do, i can not get my status to change from closed to open. Here is a recent iptables command i used and the result iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT nmap -p21-22,25,80,443 CCR1 Starting Nmap 4.53 ( http://insecure.org ) at 2012-06-19 03:13 CDT Interesting ports on CCR1.chennaichristianradio.com (5.10.69.98): PORT STATE SERVICE 21/tcp closed ftp 22/tcp open ssh 25/tcp closed smtp 80/tcp open http 443/tcp closed https I also used commands from the advise from this forum http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/iptables-open-ftp-port-21/ I need to open this for FTP access to the server, and ultimately I need to forward port 21 to 2 domains i am setting up. Thank you for any assistance you can provide -Bob Swaggerty

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• How can I use smbclient to connect to Windows shares by hostname when a firewall is enabled?

  - by skyblue

  I can't connect to file shares on Windows computers using smbclient -L //hostname when the firewall is enabled. This occurs whether I'm using ufw (which allows outgoing traffic and replies back in with the default configuration) or iptables (where I'm allowing outgoing traffic and replies back in with iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT). However, smbclient -L //ip-address works whether the firewall is enabled or not. I also tested this against a Samba server running on Ubuntu and again smbclient -L //hostname does not work when the firewall is enabled, but smbclient -L //ip-address works whether the firewall is enabled or not. For reference, here are the iptables rules I used during testing: *filter :INPUT DROP [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -d 224.0.0.251/32 -p udp -m udp --dport 5353 -j ACCEPT COMMIT

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• OpenVPN on ec2 bridged mode connects but no Ping, DNS or forwarding

  - by michael

  I am trying to use OpenVPN to access the internet over a secure connection. I have openVPN configured and running on Amazon EC2 in bridge mode with client certs. I can successfully connect from the client, but I cannot get access to the internet or ping anything from the client I checked the following and everything seems to shows a successful connection between the vpn client/server and UDP traffic on 1194 [server] sudo tcpdump -i eth0 udp port 1194 (shows UDP traffic after establishing connection) [server] sudo iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination [server] sudo iptables -L -t nat Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination MASQUERADE all -- ip-W-X-Y-0.us-west-1.compute.internal/24 anywhere Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination [server] openvpn.log Wed Oct 19 03:11:26 2011 localhost/a.b.c.d:61905 [localhost] Inactivity timeout (--ping-restart), restarting Wed Oct 19 03:11:26 2011 localhost/a.b.c.d:61905 SIGUSR1[soft,ping-restart] received, client-instance restarting Wed Oct 19 03:41:31 2011 MULTI: multi_create_instance called Wed Oct 19 03:41:31 2011 a.b.c.d:57889 Re-using SSL/TLS context Wed Oct 19 03:41:31 2011 a.b.c.d:57889 LZO compression initialized Wed Oct 19 03:41:31 2011 a.b.c.d:57889 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1574 D:166 EF:66 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Wed Oct 19 03:41:31 2011 a.b.c.d:57889 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1574 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:32 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Wed Oct 19 03:41:31 2011 a.b.c.d:57889 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '360696c5' Wed Oct 19 03:41:31 2011 a.b.c.d:57889 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '13a273ba' Wed Oct 19 03:41:31 2011 a.b.c.d:57889 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]a.b.c.d:57889, sid=dd886604 ab6ebb38 Wed Oct 19 03:41:35 2011 a.b.c.d:57889 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=EXAMPLE/CN=EXAMPLE_CA/[email protected] Wed Oct 19 03:41:35 2011 a.b.c.d:57889 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=EXAMPLE/CN=localhost/[email protected] Wed Oct 19 03:41:37 2011 a.b.c.d:57889 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Oct 19 03:41:37 2011 a.b.c.d:57889 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Oct 19 03:41:37 2011 a.b.c.d:57889 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Oct 19 03:41:37 2011 a.b.c.d:57889 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Oct 19 03:41:37 2011 a.b.c.d:57889 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Wed Oct 19 03:41:37 2011 a.b.c.d:57889 [localhost] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]a.b.c.d:57889 Wed Oct 19 03:41:39 2011 localhost/a.b.c.d:57889 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REQUEST' Wed Oct 19 03:41:39 2011 localhost/a.b.c.d:57889 SENT CONTROL [localhost]: 'PUSH_REPLY,redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp,route-gateway W.X.Y.Z,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig W.X.Y.Z 255.255.255.0' (status=1) Wed Oct 19 03:41:40 2011 localhost/a.b.c.d:57889 MULTI: Learn: (IPV6) -> localhost/a.b.c.d:57889 [client] tracert google.com Tracing route to google.com [74.125.71.104] over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 347 ms 349 ms 348 ms PC [w.X.Y.Z] 2 * * * Request timed out. I can also successfully ping the server IP address from the client, and ping google.com from an SSH shell on the server. What am I doing wrong? Here is my config (Note: W.X.Y.Z == amazon EC2 private ipaddress) bridge config on br0 ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 promisc up brctl addbr br0 brctl addif br0 eth0 ifconfig br0 W.X.Y.X netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast W.X.Y.255 up route add default gw W.X.Y.1 br0 /etc/openvpn/server.conf (from https://help.ubuntu.com/10.04/serverguide/C/openvpn.html) local W.X.Y.Z dev tap0 up "/etc/openvpn/up.sh br0" down "/etc/openvpn/down.sh br0" ;server W.X.Y.0 255.255.255.0 server-bridge W.X.Y.Z 255.255.255.0 W.X.Y.105 W.X.Y.200 ;push "route W.X.Y.0 255.255.255.0" push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.222.222" push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.220.220" tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret user nobody group nogroup log-append openvpn.log iptables config sudo iptables -A INPUT -i tap0 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A INPUT -i br0 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i br0 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s W.X.Y.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward Routing Tables added route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface W.X.Y.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br0 0.0.0.0 W.X.Y.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 br0 C:>route print =========================================================================== Interface List 32...00 ff ac d6 f7 04 ......TAP-Win32 Adapter V9 15...00 14 d1 e9 57 49 ......Microsoft Virtual WiFi Miniport Adapter #2 14...00 14 d1 e9 57 49 ......Realtek RTL8191SU Wireless LAN 802.11n USB 2.0 Net work Adapter 10...00 1f d0 50 1b ca ......Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 11...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface 16...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter 17...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2 18...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #3 36...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #5 =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.2.1 10.1.2.201 25 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 10.1.2.201 281 10.1.2.201 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.1.2.201 281 10.1.2.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.1.2.201 281 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 10.1.2.201 281 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.1.2.201 281 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: Network Address Netmask Gateway Address Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.2.1 Default =========================================================================== C:>tracert google.com Tracing route to google.com [74.125.71.147] over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 344 ms 345 ms 343 ms PC [W.X.Y.221] 2 * * * Request timed out.

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• How to use sprintf instead of hardcoded values

  - by astha goyal

  I am developing a firewall for Linux as my project. I am able to capture packets and to block them. I am using IPTABLES. How can I use variables with sprintf instead of hardcoded values? sprintf(comm, "iptables -A INPUT -s $str -j DROP") // inplace of: sprintf(comm, "iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.0.43 -j DROP")

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• Ubuntu 9.10 and Squid 2.7 Transparent Proxy TCP_DENIED

  - by user38400

  Hi, We've spent the last two days trying to get squid 2.7 to work with ubuntu 9.10. The computer running ubuntu has two network interfaces: eth0 and eth1 with dhcp running on eth1. Both interfaces have static ip's, eth0 is connected to the Internet and eth1 is connected to our LAN. We have followed literally dozens of different tutorials with no success. The tutorial here was the last one we did that actually got us some sort of results: http://www.basicconfig.com/linuxnetwork/setup_ubuntu_squid_proxy_server_beginner_guide. When we try to access a site like seriouswheels.com from the LAN we get the following message on the client machine: ERROR The requested URL could not be retrieved Invalid Request error was encountered while trying to process the request: GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: www.seriouswheels.com Connection: keep-alive User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; en-US) AppleWebKit/532.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/5.0.307.11 Safari/532.9 Cache-Control: max-age=0 Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,/;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Cookie: __utmz=88947353.1269218405.1.1.utmccn=(direct)|utmcsr=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); __qca=P0-1052556952-1269218405250; __utma=88947353.1027590811.1269218405.1269218405.1269218405.1; __qseg=Q_D Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Some possible problems are: Missing or unknown request method. Missing URL. Missing HTTP Identifier (HTTP/1.0). Request is too large. Content-Length missing for POST or PUT requests. Illegal character in hostname; underscores are not allowed. Your cache administrator is webmaster. Below are all the configuration files: /etc/squid/squid.conf, /etc/network/if-up.d/00-firewall, /etc/network/interfaces, /var/log/squid/access.log. Something somewhere is wrong but we cannot figure out where. Our end goal for all of this is the superimpose content onto every page that a client requests on the LAN. We've been told that squid is the way to do this but at this point in the game we are just trying to get squid setup correctly as our proxy. Thanks in advance. squid.conf acl all src all acl manager proto cache_object acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/32 acl to_localhost dst 127.0.0.0/8 acl localnet src 192.168.0.0/24 acl SSL_ports port 443 # https acl SSL_ports port 563 # snews acl SSL_ports port 873 # rsync acl Safe_ports port 80 # http acl Safe_ports port 21 # ftp acl Safe_ports port 443 # https acl Safe_ports port 70 # gopher acl Safe_ports port 210 # wais acl Safe_ports port 1025-65535 # unregistered ports acl Safe_ports port 280 # http-mgmt acl Safe_ports port 488 # gss-http acl Safe_ports port 591 # filemaker acl Safe_ports port 777 # multiling http acl Safe_ports port 631 # cups acl Safe_ports port 873 # rsync acl Safe_ports port 901 # SWAT acl purge method PURGE acl CONNECT method CONNECT http_access allow manager localhost http_access deny manager http_access allow purge localhost http_access deny purge http_access deny !Safe_ports http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports http_access allow localhost http_access allow localnet http_access deny all icp_access allow localnet icp_access deny all http_port 3128 hierarchy_stoplist cgi-bin ? cache_dir ufs /var/spool/squid/cache1 1000 16 256 access_log /var/log/squid/access.log squid refresh_pattern ^ftp: 1440 20% 10080 refresh_pattern ^gopher: 1440 0% 1440 refresh_pattern -i (/cgi-bin/|\?) 0 0% 0 refresh_pattern (Release|Package(.gz)*)$ 0 20% 2880 refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320 acl shoutcast rep_header X-HTTP09-First-Line ^ICY.[0-9] upgrade_http0.9 deny shoutcast acl apache rep_header Server ^Apache broken_vary_encoding allow apache extension_methods REPORT MERGE MKACTIVITY CHECKOUT cache_mgr webmaster cache_effective_user proxy cache_effective_group proxy hosts_file /etc/hosts coredump_dir /var/spool/squid access.log 1269243042.740 0 192.168.1.11 TCP_DENIED/400 2576 GET NONE:// - NONE/- text/html 00-firewall iptables -F iptables -t nat -F iptables -t mangle -F iptables -X echo 1 | tee /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 3128 networking auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 142.104.109.179 netmask 255.255.224.0 gateway 142.104.127.254 auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.1.100 netmask 255.255.255.0

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• Cannot access localhost without internet connection

  - by Pavel K.

  for some reason i cannot access localhost without internet connection in ubuntu, as soon as i disconnect from internet (with gui networkmanager), both "ping localhost" and "ping 127.0.0.1" return: ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted i switched off iptables, "iptables -L" gives: Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination what could be the problem?

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• Making hosts accessible between LAN subnets

  - by nixnotwin

  I have two inerfaces on my router with tomato firmwre: br0 and vlan4. br0 is on 192.168.0.0/16 subnet and vlan4 on 10.0.1.0/24 subnet. As I don't want the different network services on br0 available on vlan4, I have added this firewall rule: iptables -I INPUT -i vlan4 -j ACCEPT; iptables -I FORWARD -i vlan4 -o vlan2 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT; iptables -I FORWARD -i br0 -o vlan4 -j DROP; vlan2 is my WAN (internet acess). The issue that I want to solve is that I want to make one host from 192.168.0.0/16 network (br0), which has ip 192.168.0.50, available on vlan4 (10.0.1.0/24). Only that host should be available on vlan4 (and all other hosts on br0 should be inaccessible). What firewall rules can be used to do it? Edit 1: Output of iptables -nvL FORWARD: Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 4 packets, 204 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT all -- vlan4 192.168.0.50 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT all -- vlan4 ppp0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW 229 13483 ACCEPT all -- vlan4 vlan2 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW 0 0 DROP all -- br0 vlan3 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT all -- vlan3 ppp0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW 67 3405 ACCEPT all -- vlan3 vlan2 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW 0 0 ACCEPT all -- br0 br0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 34 1360 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state INVALID 758 40580 TCPMSS tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp flags:0x06/0x02 TCPMSS clamp to PMTU 11781 2111K restrict all -- * vlan2 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 26837 19M ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 wanin all -- vlan2 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 287 15927 wanout all -- * vlan2 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 283 15723 ACCEPT all -- br0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 upnp all -- vlan2 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Output of iptables -t nat -nvL PREROUTING: Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 6887 packets, 526K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 855 83626 WANPREROUTING all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 222.228.137.223 0 0 DROP all -- vlan2 * 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.0/16 0 0 DNAT udp -- * * 192.168.0.0/16 !192.168.0.0/16 udp dpt:53 to:192.168.0.1

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• How to force certain traffic through GRE tunnel?

  - by wew

  Here's what I do. Server (public internet is 222.x.x.x): echo 'net.ipv4.ip_forward=1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf sysctl -p iptunnel add gre1 mode gre local 222.x.x.x remote 115.x.x.x ttl 255 ip add add 192.168.168.1/30 dev gre1 ip link set gre1 up iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.168.0/30 -j SNAT --to-source 222.x.x.x iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 222.x.x.x -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.168.2 Client (public internet is 115.x.x.x): iptunnel add gre1 mode gre local 115.x.x.x remote 222.x.x.x ttl 255 ip add add 192.168.168.2/30 dev gre1 ip link set gre1 up echo '100 tunnel' >> /etc/iproute2/rt_tables ip rule add from 192.168.168.0/30 table tunnel ip route add default via 192.168.168.1 table tunnel Until here, all seems going right. But then 1st question, how to use GRE tunnel as a default route? Client computer is still using 115.x.x.x interface as default. 2nd question, how to force only ICMP traffic to go through tunnel, and everything else go default interface? I try doing this in client computer: ip rule add fwmark 200 table tunnel iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -p udp -j MARK --set-mark 200 But after doing this, my ping program will timeout (if I not doing 2 command above, and using ping -I gre1 ip instead, it will works). Later I want to do something else also, like only UDP port 53 through tunnel, etc. 3rd question, in client computer, I force one mysql program to listen on gre1 interface 192.168.168.2. In client computer, there's also one more public interface (IP 114.x.x.x)... How to forward traffic properly using iptables and route so mysql also respond a request coming from this 114.x.x.x public interface?

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• SendMail not working in CentOs 6.4

  - by Kane

  I am trying to send e-mails from my CentOS 6.4 but it does not work. My knowledge about servers is quite limited, so I hope someone can help me. Here is what I did: First i tried to send an email using the "mail" command, but it was not in the OS so I installed it. # yum install mailx After that, I tried sending an email using the "mail" command, but it did not send anything. I checked it on the internet and I realized I needed an e-mail server like sendmail, so I installed it. # yum install sendmail sendmail-cf sendmail-doc sendmail-devel After that, I configured it following some tutorials. First, sendmail.mc file. # vi /etc/mail/sendmail.mc Commented out the next line: BEFORE # DAEMON_OPTIONS('Port=smtp, Name=MTA') dnl AFTER # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS('Port=smtp, Name=MTA') dnl Check that the next lines are correct: # FEATURE(`virtusertable', `hash -o /etc/mail/virtusertable.db')dnl # ... # FEATURE(use_cw_file)dnl # ... # FEATURE(`access_db', `hash -T<TMPF> -o /etc/mail/access.db')dnl Update sendmail.cf # m4 /etc/mail/sendmail.mc > /etc/mail/sendmail.cf Open the port 25 adding the proper line in the iptables file # vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables # -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT restart iptables and sendmail # service iptables restart # service sendmail restart So i thought that would be ok, but when i tried: # mail '[email protected]' # Subject: test subject # test content #. I checked the mail log: # vi /var/log/maillog And that is what I found: Aug 14 17:36:24 dev-admin-test sendmail[20682]: r7D8RItS019578: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=<[email protected]> (0/0), delay=1+00:09:06, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=esmtp, pri=2460500, relay=alt4.gmail- smtp-in.l.google.com., dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. I do not understand why there is a connection time out. Am I missing something? Can anyone help me, please? Thank you.

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• Linux as a router for public networks

  - by nixnotwin

  My ISP had given me a /30 network. Later, when I wanted more public ips, I requested for a /29 network. I was told to keep using my earlier /30 network on the interface which is facing ISP, and the newly given /29 network should be used on the other interface which connects to my NAT router and servers. This is what I got from the isp: WAN IP: 179.xxx.4.128/30 CUSTOMER IP : 179.xxx.4.130 ISP GATEWAY IP:179.xxx.4.129 SUBNET : 255.255.255.252 LAN IPS: 179.xxx.139.224/29 GATEWAY IP :179.xxx.139.225 SUBNET : 255.255.255.248 I have a Ubuntu pc which has two interfaces. So I am planning to do the following: eth0 will be given 179.xxx.4.130/30 gateway 179.xxx.4.129 eth1 will be given 179.xxx.139.225/29 And I will have the following in the /etc/sysctl.conf: net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 These will be iptables rules: iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT My clients which have the ips 179.xxx.139.226/29 and 179.xxx.139.227/29 will be made to use 179.xxx.139.225/29 as gateway. Will this configuration work for me? Any comments? If it works, what iptables rules can I use to have a bit of security? P.S. Both networks are non-private and there is no NATing.

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