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• Client cannot access my IIS7 web server

  - by Soccerwiz

  I have a Windows 2008 web server on running IIS 7 with about 25 websites. One of those sites is an SaaS application that is accessed constantly throughout the day. However, one particular client keeps getting blocked from my server. They will be using the service, and then all of a sudden they cannot access the program, or any other site on the server. The entire office of 4 users is blocked from accessing anything on the web server. A trace route reveals they get all the way to the server before they are blocked. However, they can access a linux server that is a different VM with a different IP on the same physical server. Also, when they are blocked from their office, they can still access the site from their mobile phone or local Starbucks. They can also occasionally reset the router and gain access to the web server again as they are on a dynamic IP address. I checked IIS and allow all IPs to access the server. There is nothing in the logs the says anything about a user being banned. I really have no idea what is causing this? Could it be a virus on their end? I have even moved the SaaS to a completely new server in a different location, and they were working fine for about a month, and then the problem started occurring again. Are there any hidden blacklists in IIS? Or is it a routing issue on their end?

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• lamp -- edit PHP file but doesn't change web output -- including die()

  - by Reid W

  Server is standard Linux server on Amazon Web Services. Cent OS 5/Apache/PHP 5.3. No APC. It's worked fine for over a year, but now when I edit some but not all PHP files on the server using vi, the changes don't affect the web output. For example, I edit myfile.php and put a die() at the top, but when I load the page in my web browser, instead of the die() I see the content that would show up if the die() weren't there. svn updating the file in question doesn't help either. Files are on an Amazon EBS partition symlinked to /var/www/html. Just to reiterate -- this has worked fine for a long time. Restarting apache didn't help, nor did rebooting the server. What's weird is that it's just some of the files but not all. File ownership/permissions are the same for the "good" and "problem" files. I'm not a Linux newbie but am at a complete loss with this, and couldn't find anything on Google either. Any hints would be much appreciated!

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• Hosting Multiple hosts under IIS for WCF

  - by Josh

  Hello everyone, I need to use multiple hosts under IIS for WCF. We're using wshttpbinding and we've found NO success so far even after checking out a couple of similar questions on stackoveflow. Here is my web.config <?xml version="1.0"?> <!-- Note: As an alternative to hand editing this file you can use the web admin tool to configure settings for your application. Use the Website->Asp.Net Configuration option in Visual Studio. A full list of settings and comments can be found in machine.config.comments usually located in \Windows\Microsoft.Net\Framework\v2.x\Config --> <configuration> <configSections> <sectionGroup name="system.web.extensions" type="System.Web.Configuration.SystemWebExtensionsSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <sectionGroup name="scripting" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <section name="scriptResourceHandler" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingScriptResourceHandlerSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> <sectionGroup name="webServices" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingWebServicesSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <section name="jsonSerialization" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingJsonSerializationSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="Everywhere"/> <section name="profileService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingProfileServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> <section name="authenticationService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingAuthenticationServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> <section name="roleService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingRoleServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> </sectionGroup> </sectionGroup> </sectionGroup> </configSections> <appSettings/> <connectionStrings> <add name="ConString" connectionString="Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;Initial Catalog=WebSMS20July;Integrated Security=True"/> </connectionStrings> <system.web> <customErrors mode="Off"/> <!--<httpRuntime maxRequestLength="999999999" useFullyQualifiedRedirectUrl="true" executionTimeout="459999999" appRequestQueueLimit="99999999" delayNotificationTimeout="999999999" maxWaitChangeNotification="999999999" shutdownTimeout="9999999999"/>--> <!-- Set compilation debug="true" to insert debugging symbols into the compiled page. Because this affects performance, set this value to true only during development. --> <compilation debug="true"> <assemblies> <add assembly="System.Core, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"/> <add assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </assemblies> </compilation> <!-- The <authentication> section enables configuration of the security authentication mode used by ASP.NET to identify an incoming user. --> <authentication mode="Windows"/> <!-- The <customErrors> section enables configuration of what to do if/when an unhandled error occurs during the execution of a request. Specifically, it enables developers to configure html error pages to be displayed in place of a error stack trace. <customErrors mode="RemoteOnly" defaultRedirect="GenericErrorPage.htm"> <error statusCode="403" redirect="NoAccess.htm" /> <error statusCode="404" redirect="FileNotFound.htm" /> </customErrors>--> <pages> <controls> <add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.UI" assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </controls> </pages> <httpHandlers> <remove verb="*" path="*.asmx"/> <add verb="*" path="*.asmx" validate="false" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add verb="*" path="*_AppService.axd" validate="false" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add verb="GET,HEAD" path="ScriptResource.axd" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" validate="false"/> </httpHandlers> <httpModules> <add name="ScriptModule" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </httpModules> </system.web> <system.codedom> <compilers> <compiler language="c#;cs;csharp" extension=".cs" warningLevel="4" type="Microsoft.CSharp.CSharpCodeProvider, System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"> <providerOption name="CompilerVersion" value="v3.5"/> <providerOption name="WarnAsError" value="false"/> </compiler> </compilers> </system.codedom> <!-- The system.webServer section is required for running ASP.NET AJAX under Internet Information Services 7.0. It is not necessary for previous version of IIS. --> <system.webServer> <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false"/> <modules> <add name="ScriptModule" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </modules> <handlers> <remove name="WebServiceHandlerFactory-Integrated"/> <add name="ScriptHandlerFactory" verb="*" path="*.asmx" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add name="ScriptHandlerFactoryAppServices" verb="*" path="*_AppService.axd" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add name="ScriptResource" preCondition="integratedMode" verb="GET,HEAD" path="ScriptResource.axd" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </handlers> </system.webServer> <system.serviceModel> <serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true"> <baseAddressPrefixFilters> <add prefix="http://localhost:12350"/> </baseAddressPrefixFilters> </serviceHostingEnvironment> <bindings> <wsHttpBinding> <binding name="wsHttpBinding" maxBufferPoolSize="2147483647" maxReceivedMessageSize="2147483647"> <readerQuotas maxDepth="2147483647" maxStringContentLength="2147483647" maxArrayLength="2147483647" maxBytesPerRead="2147483647" maxNameTableCharCount="2147483647" /> <security mode="None"> <transport clientCredentialType="None" /> <message clientCredentialType="None" negotiateServiceCredential="false" establishSecurityContext="false" /> </security> </binding> <binding name="NewBinding0" /> </wsHttpBinding> </bindings> <services> <service behaviorConfiguration="WcfService1.Service1Behavior" name="WcfService1.Service1"> <endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="wsHttpBinding" bindingName="wsHttpBinding" contract="WcfService1.IService1"> <identity> <dns value="localhost" /> </identity> </endpoint> <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" /> <endpoint binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="wsHttpBinding" bindingName="wsHttpBinding2" contract="WcfService1.IService1" listenUri="http://localhost:8090" /> <host> <baseAddresses> <add baseAddress="http://mydomain/mywcfservice/Service1.svc" /> <add baseAddress="http://localhost/mywcfservice/Service1.svc" /> </baseAddresses> </host> </service> </services> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="WcfService1.Service1Behavior"> <!-- To avoid disclosing metadata information, set the value below to false and remove the metadata endpoint above before deployment --> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true"/> <!-- To receive exception details in faults for debugging purposes, set the value below to true. Set to false before deployment to avoid disclosing exception information --> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false"/> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> </system.serviceModel> </configuration> Here's my service factory class using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.ServiceModel; using System.ServiceModel.Activation; namespace WcfService1 { public class CustomHostFactory : ServiceHostFactory { protected override ServiceHost CreateServiceHost(Type serviceType, Uri[] baseAddresses) { //CustomHost customServiceHost = // new CustomHost(serviceType, baseAddresses[1]); //return customServiceHost; ServiceHost host; host = new ServiceHost(serviceType, baseAddresses[0]); return host; } class CustomHost : ServiceHost { public CustomHost(Type serviceType, params Uri[] baseAddresses) : base(serviceType, baseAddresses) { } protected override void ApplyConfiguration() { base.ApplyConfiguration(); } } } } Contents of my Service1.svc file <%@ ServiceHost Language="C#" Debug="true" Service="WcfService1.Service1" CodeBehind="Service1.svc.cs" Factory="WcfService1.CustomHostFactory" %> What could possibly be wrong? Would appreciate any help. Thanks.

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• How to add a Web Part Zone to a SharePoint wiki page?

  - by Hitesh

  Hi, I have a team site. I understand that the default home page of a team site is a wiki page. I want to add a web part zone to this page. How can I do that? By default it already has Web Part Zone -. You can use SharePoint designer to add a web part to this zone and it works fine. But you are not able to add a web part to this zone using SharePoint web UI? Ususally when you have a web part zone in a page, using SharePoint web UI, it allows to you add/remove a web part. But it is not the case with the web part zone on the default home page of a team site. Also is there any way I can add a web part zone to this page? I do know that you can easily add web parts into wiki page content. But I want to add a new web part zone where users can add/remove web parts. Thanks, Hitesh

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• Call Webservice without adding a WebReference - with Complex Types

  - by ck

  I'm using the code at This Site to call a webservice dynamically. [SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.Demand, Unrestricted = true)] public static object CallWebService(string webServiceAsmxUrl, string serviceName, string methodName, object[] args) { System.Net.WebClient client = new System.Net.WebClient(); //-Connect To the web service using (System.IO.Stream stream = client.OpenRead(webServiceAsmxUrl + "?wsdl")) { //--Now read the WSDL file describing a service. ServiceDescription description = ServiceDescription.Read(stream); ///// LOAD THE DOM ///////// //--Initialize a service description importer. ServiceDescriptionImporter importer = new ServiceDescriptionImporter(); importer.ProtocolName = "Soap12"; // Use SOAP 1.2. importer.AddServiceDescription(description, null, null); //--Generate a proxy client. importer.Style = ServiceDescriptionImportStyle.Client; //--Generate properties to represent primitive values. importer.CodeGenerationOptions = System.Xml.Serialization.CodeGenerationOptions.GenerateProperties; //--Initialize a Code-DOM tree into which we will import the service. CodeNamespace nmspace = new CodeNamespace(); CodeCompileUnit unit1 = new CodeCompileUnit(); unit1.Namespaces.Add(nmspace); //--Import the service into the Code-DOM tree. This creates proxy code //--that uses the service. ServiceDescriptionImportWarnings warning = importer.Import(nmspace, unit1); if (warning == 0) //--If zero then we are good to go { //--Generate the proxy code CodeDomProvider provider1 = CodeDomProvider.CreateProvider("CSharp"); //--Compile the assembly proxy with the appropriate references string[] assemblyReferences = new string[5] { "System.dll", "System.Web.Services.dll", "System.Web.dll", "System.Xml.dll", "System.Data.dll" }; CompilerParameters parms = new CompilerParameters(assemblyReferences); CompilerResults results = provider1.CompileAssemblyFromDom(parms, unit1); //-Check For Errors if (results.Errors.Count > 0) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); foreach (CompilerError oops in results.Errors) { sb.AppendLine("========Compiler error============"); sb.AppendLine(oops.ErrorText); } throw new System.ApplicationException("Compile Error Occured calling webservice. " + sb.ToString()); } //--Finally, Invoke the web service method Type foundType = null; Type[] types = results.CompiledAssembly.GetTypes(); foreach (Type type in types) { if (type.BaseType == typeof(System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHttpClientProtocol)) { Console.WriteLine(type.ToString()); foundType = type; } } object wsvcClass = results.CompiledAssembly.CreateInstance(foundType.ToString()); MethodInfo mi = wsvcClass.GetType().GetMethod(methodName); return mi.Invoke(wsvcClass, args); } else { return null; } } } This works fine when I use built in types, but for my own classes, I get this: Event Type: Error Event Source: TDX Queue Service Event Category: None Event ID: 0 Date: 12/04/2010 Time: 12:12:38 User: N/A Computer: TDXRMISDEV01 Description: System.ArgumentException: Object of type 'TDXDataTypes.AgencyOutput' cannot be converted to type 'AgencyOutput'. Server stack trace: at System.RuntimeType.CheckValue(Object value, Binder binder, CultureInfo culture, BindingFlags invokeAttr) at System.Reflection.MethodBase.CheckArguments(Object[] parameters, Binder binder, BindingFlags invokeAttr, CultureInfo culture, Signature sig) at System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object obj, BindingFlags invokeAttr, Binder binder, Object[] parameters, CultureInfo culture, Boolean skipVisibilityChecks) at System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object obj, BindingFlags invokeAttr, Binder binder, Object[] parameters, CultureInfo culture) at System.Reflection.MethodBase.Invoke(Object obj, Object[] parameters) at TDXQueueEngine.GenericWebserviceProxy.CallWebService(String webServiceAsmxUrl, String serviceName, String methodName, Object[] args) in C:\CkAdmDev\TDXQueueEngine\TDXQueueEngine\TDXQueueEngine\GenericWebserviceProxy.cs:line 76 at TDXQueueEngine.TDXQueueWebserviceItem.Run() in C:\CkAdmDev\TDXQueueEngine\TDXQueueEngine\TDXQueueEngine\TDXQueueWebserviceItem.cs:line 99 at System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.StackBuilderSink._PrivateProcessMessage(IntPtr md, Object[] args, Object server, Int32 methodPtr, Boolean fExecuteInContext, Object[]& outArgs) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.StackBuilderSink.PrivateProcessMessage(RuntimeMethodHandle md, Object[] args, Object server, Int32 methodPtr, Boolean fExecuteInContext, Object[]& outArgs) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.StackBuilderSink.AsyncProcessMessage(IMessage msg, IMessageSink replySink) Exception rethrown at [0]: at System.Runtime.Remoting.Proxies.RealProxy.EndInvokeHelper(Message reqMsg, Boolean bProxyCase) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Proxies.RemotingProxy.Invoke(Object NotUsed, MessageData& msgData) at TDXQueueEngine.TDXQueue.RunProcess.EndInvoke(IAsyncResult result) at TDXQueueEngine.TDXQueue.processComplete(IAsyncResult ar) in C:\CkAdmDev\TDXQueueEngine\TDXQueueEngine\TDXQueueEngine\TDXQueue.cs:line 130 For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp. The classes reference the same assembly and the same version. Do I need to include my assembly as a reference when building the temporary assembly? If so, how? Thanks.

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• Setting up a VPN connection to Amazon VPC - routing

  - by Keeno

  I am having some real issues setting up a VPN between out office and AWS VPC. The "tunnels" appear to be up, however I don't know if they are configured correctly. The device I am using is a Netgear VPN Firewall - FVS336GV2 If you see in the attached config downloaded from VPC (#3 Tunnel Interface Configuration), it gives me some "inside" addresses for the tunnel. When setting up the IPsec tunnels do I use the inside tunnel IP's (e.g. 169.254.254.2/30) or do I use my internal network subnet (10.1.1.0/24) I have tried both, when I tried the local network (10.1.1.x) the tracert stops at the router. When I tried with the "inside" ips, the tracert to the amazon VPC (10.0.0.x) goes out over the internet. this all leads me to the next question, for this router, how do I set up stage #4, the static next hop? What are these seemingly random "inside" addresses and where did amazon generate them from? 169.254.254.x seems odd? With a device like this, is the VPN behind the firewall? I have tweaked any IP addresses below so that they are not "real". I am fully aware, this is probably badly worded. Please if there is any further info/screenshots that will help, let me know. Amazon Web Services Virtual Private Cloud IPSec Tunnel #1 ================================================================================ #1: Internet Key Exchange Configuration Configure the IKE SA as follows - Authentication Method : Pre-Shared Key - Pre-Shared Key : --- - Authentication Algorithm : sha1 - Encryption Algorithm : aes-128-cbc - Lifetime : 28800 seconds - Phase 1 Negotiation Mode : main - Perfect Forward Secrecy : Diffie-Hellman Group 2 #2: IPSec Configuration Configure the IPSec SA as follows: - Protocol : esp - Authentication Algorithm : hmac-sha1-96 - Encryption Algorithm : aes-128-cbc - Lifetime : 3600 seconds - Mode : tunnel - Perfect Forward Secrecy : Diffie-Hellman Group 2 IPSec Dead Peer Detection (DPD) will be enabled on the AWS Endpoint. We recommend configuring DPD on your endpoint as follows: - DPD Interval : 10 - DPD Retries : 3 IPSec ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) inserts additional headers to transmit packets. These headers require additional space, which reduces the amount of space available to transmit application data. To limit the impact of this behavior, we recommend the following configuration on your Customer Gateway: - TCP MSS Adjustment : 1387 bytes - Clear Don't Fragment Bit : enabled - Fragmentation : Before encryption #3: Tunnel Interface Configuration Your Customer Gateway must be configured with a tunnel interface that is associated with the IPSec tunnel. All traffic transmitted to the tunnel interface is encrypted and transmitted to the Virtual Private Gateway. The Customer Gateway and Virtual Private Gateway each have two addresses that relate to this IPSec tunnel. Each contains an outside address, upon which encrypted traffic is exchanged. Each also contain an inside address associated with the tunnel interface. The Customer Gateway outside IP address was provided when the Customer Gateway was created. Changing the IP address requires the creation of a new Customer Gateway. The Customer Gateway inside IP address should be configured on your tunnel interface. Outside IP Addresses: - Customer Gateway : 217.33.22.33 - Virtual Private Gateway : 87.222.33.42 Inside IP Addresses - Customer Gateway : 169.254.254.2/30 - Virtual Private Gateway : 169.254.254.1/30 Configure your tunnel to fragment at the optimal size: - Tunnel interface MTU : 1436 bytes #4: Static Routing Configuration: To route traffic between your internal network and your VPC, you will need a static route added to your router. Static Route Configuration Options: - Next hop : 169.254.254.1 You should add static routes towards your internal network on the VGW. The VGW will then send traffic towards your internal network over the tunnels. IPSec Tunnel #2 ================================================================================ #1: Internet Key Exchange Configuration Configure the IKE SA as follows - Authentication Method : Pre-Shared Key - Pre-Shared Key : --- - Authentication Algorithm : sha1 - Encryption Algorithm : aes-128-cbc - Lifetime : 28800 seconds - Phase 1 Negotiation Mode : main - Perfect Forward Secrecy : Diffie-Hellman Group 2 #2: IPSec Configuration Configure the IPSec SA as follows: - Protocol : esp - Authentication Algorithm : hmac-sha1-96 - Encryption Algorithm : aes-128-cbc - Lifetime : 3600 seconds - Mode : tunnel - Perfect Forward Secrecy : Diffie-Hellman Group 2 IPSec Dead Peer Detection (DPD) will be enabled on the AWS Endpoint. We recommend configuring DPD on your endpoint as follows: - DPD Interval : 10 - DPD Retries : 3 IPSec ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) inserts additional headers to transmit packets. These headers require additional space, which reduces the amount of space available to transmit application data. To limit the impact of this behavior, we recommend the following configuration on your Customer Gateway: - TCP MSS Adjustment : 1387 bytes - Clear Don't Fragment Bit : enabled - Fragmentation : Before encryption #3: Tunnel Interface Configuration Outside IP Addresses: - Customer Gateway : 217.33.22.33 - Virtual Private Gateway : 87.222.33.46 Inside IP Addresses - Customer Gateway : 169.254.254.6/30 - Virtual Private Gateway : 169.254.254.5/30 Configure your tunnel to fragment at the optimal size: - Tunnel interface MTU : 1436 bytes #4: Static Routing Configuration: Static Route Configuration Options: - Next hop : 169.254.254.5 You should add static routes towards your internal network on the VGW. The VGW will then send traffic towards your internal network over the tunnels. EDIT #1 After writing this post, I continued to fiddle and something started to work, just not very reliably. The local IPs to use when setting up the tunnels where indeed my network subnets. Which further confuses me over what these "inside" IP addresses are for. The problem is, results are not consistent what so ever. I can "sometimes" ping, I can "sometimes" RDP using the VPN. Sometimes, Tunnel 1 or Tunnel 2 can be up or down. When I came back into work today, Tunnel 1 was down, so I deleted it and re-created it from scratch. Now I cant ping anything, but Amazon AND the router are telling me tunnel 1/2 are fine. I guess the router/vpn hardware I have just isnt up to the job..... EDIT #2 Now Tunnel 1 is up, Tunnel 2 is down (I didn't change any settings) and I can ping/rdp again. EDIT #3 Screenshot of route table that the router has built up. Current state (tunnel 1 still up and going string, 2 is still down and wont re-connect)

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• EC2 Configuration

  - by user123683

  I am trying to create a server structure for my EC2 account. The design I have chosen consists of 2 instances running in different availability zones, elastic load balancer, an auto-scaling group with cloudwatch monitoring configured and a security group defining rules for access to the instances. This setup is to support an online web application written in PHP. I am trying to decide what is a better policy: Store MySQL DB on a separate Instance Store MySQL DB on an attached EBS volume (from what i know auto-scaling will not replicate the attached EBS volume but will generate new instances from a chosen AMI - is this view correct?) Regards the AMI I plan to use a basic Amazon linux 64 bit AMI, and install bastille (maybe OSSEC) but I am looking to also use an encrypted file system. Are there any issues using an encrypted file system and communication between the DB and webapp i neeed to be aware of? Are there any comms issues using the encrypted filesystem on the instance housing the webapp I was going to launch a second instance or attach a second volume in the second availability zone to act as a standby for the database - I'm just looking for some suggestions about how to get the two DB's to talk - will this be a big task Regards updates for security is it best to create a recent snapshot and just relaunch and allow Amazon to install updates on launch or is the yum update mechanism a suitable alternative - is it better practice to relaunch instead of updates being installed which force a restart. I plan to create two AMI snapshots one for the app server and one for the DB each with the same security measures in place - is this a reasonable - I just figure it is a better policy than having additional applications that are unnecessary included in a AMI that I intend on using. My plan for backup is to create periodic snapshots of the webapp and DB instances (if I use an additional EBS volume instead of separate instances my understanding is that the EBS volume will persist in S3 storage in the event of an unexpected termination and I can create snapshots of the volume backup purposes). Thanks in advance for suggestions and advice. I am new to EC2 and I may have described unnecessary overkill but I want to try implement what can be considered a best practice solution so all advice is appreciated.

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• Easy GUI way to auto scale EC2 and RDS: aws console, scalr, ylastic...?

  - by Zillo

  I am managing all my instances with the AWS Management Console (the GUI web console) but now I want to use Auto Scale and it seems that this can not be done with that console. Yes, there is CloudWatch but I can only create alarms (e-mail notifications), it seems that CouldWatch needs you to add the auto scale policy in some other place (by command line console?). I would like to use some easy GUI interface. Ylastic and Scalr seems to be a good option. Which one do you think is better? Regarding Scalr, is there any difference between the open source software Scalr and the service Scalr.net? I mean, is the GUI interface the same? I like the idea of the Scalr because I do not need to give my Secret Access Key to a third party (like in Ylastic or in Scalr.net) One question about the Scalr software, it has to be installed in the instances or it must be installed in another machine? Do I need to setup again all my security permissions, AMIs, snapshots, etc. or I can use AWS Management Console for everything and Scalr just to auto scale.

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• Incorrect deployment of WSGI app to AWS using Elastic Beanstalk

  - by Dzmitry Zhaleznichenka

  cross-link to AWS forums I have developed a simple Python web service using WSGI and would like to deploy it to AWS cloud using Elastic Beanstalk. My problem is I cannot make all the options I specify in Elastic Beanstalk configuration to be correctly configured in the cloud. For deployment, I use Elastic Beanstalk CLI utility. I have run eb init command and set up the required parameters. After this, a directory named .elasticbeanstalk was created in my source tree. It has two config files that are used for deployment, namely config and optionsettings. The latter one among the other options contains the WSGI configuration that has to update /etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi.conf at the instances. After some of my adjustments the file has the following settings: [aws:elasticbeanstalk:application:environment] DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE = PARAM1 = PARAM2 = PARAM4 = PARAM3 = PARAM5 = [aws:elasticbeanstalk:container:python] WSGIPath = handler.py NumProcesses = 2 StaticFiles = /static= NumThreads = 10 [aws:elasticbeanstalk:container:python:staticfiles] /static = static/ [aws:elasticbeanstalk:hostmanager] LogPublicationControl = false [aws:autoscaling:launchconfiguration] InstanceType = t1.micro EC2KeyName = zmicier-aws [aws:elasticbeanstalk:application] Application Healthcheck URL = [aws:autoscaling:asg] MaxSize = 10 MinSize = 1 Custom Availability Zones = [aws:elasticbeanstalk:monitoring] Automatically Terminate Unhealthy Instances = true [aws:elasticbeanstalk:sns:topics] Notification Endpoint = Notification Protocol = email It turns out that not all of these options are considered when I start the environment or update it. Thus, when I update NumThreads or NumProcesses, the respective parameters get changed in wsgi.conf as expected. But whatever I write to the WSGIPath and StaticFiles parameters, I'm not able to automatically change the respective values of wsgi.conf, they remain Alias /static /opt/python/current/app/ WSGIScriptAlias / /opt/python/current/app/application.py which drives me nuts. Moreover, when I deploy my application using git aws.push and having the following contents of .ebextensions/python.config file, neither of options I specify in it affects the deployment. option_settings: - namespace: aws:elasticbeanstalk:container:python option_name: WSGIPath value: mysite/wsgi.py - namespace: aws:elasticbeanstalk:container:python option_name: NumProcesses value: 5 - namespace: aws:elasticbeanstalk:container:python option_name: NumThreads value: 25 - namespace: aws:elasticbeanstalk:container:python:staticfiles option_name: /static/ value: app/static/ I wonder what I should do to force AWS use all the parameters I specify in the configuration, namely the WSGI Path and path to my static data.

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• tomcat start service NoClassDefFoundError?

  - by mobibob

  I am trying to redeploy my server on a new server with a different DNS and IP address. Therefore, I think my problem is in the configuration to find JAR files. Is there a way to get more detail as to which class is being requested so I can narrow down my problem. Does anyone have any suggested troubleshooting guidance for such problem? BTW - the configuration was working on the original server, and I tried to find all the locations in the files: conf/, worker.properties, server.xml, catalina.policy, web.xml. The jarkarta.log repeats the starting... error initializing ... forever. Very boring, therefore, the problem has to be fundamental. Apparently, the error message is recorded in the log across more than one line and would be this: Error occurred during initialization of VM java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError : java/lang/Object [2012-05-21 18:20:33] [info] Procrun (2.0.4.0) started [2012-05-21 18:20:33] [info] Running Service... [2012-05-21 18:20:33] [info] Starting service... [2012-05-21 18:20:33] [info] Error occurred during initialization of VM [2012-05-21 18:20:33] [info] java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError [2012-05-21 18:20:33] [info] : java/lang/Object [2012-05-21 18:21:59] [info] Procrun (2.0.4.0) started [2012-05-21 18:21:59] [info] Running Service... [2012-05-21 18:21:59] [info] Starting service... [2012-05-21 18:21:59] [info] Error occurred during initialization of VM [2012-05-21 18:21:59] [info] java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError [2012-05-21 18:21:59] [info] : java/lang/Object [2012-05-21 18:35:16] [info] Procrun (2.0.4.0) started [2012-05-21 18:35:16] [info] Running Service... [2012-05-21 18:35:16] [info] Starting service... [2012-05-21 18:35:16] [info] Error occurred during initialization of VM [2012-05-21 18:35:16] [info] java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError [2012-05-21 18:35:16] [info] : java/lang/Object [2012-05-21 18:45:25] [info] Procrun (2.0.4.0) started [2012-05-21 18:45:25] [info] Running Service... [2012-05-21 18:45:25] [info] Starting service... [2012-05-21 18:45:25] [info] Error occurred during initialization of VM [2012-05-21 18:45:25] [info] java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError [2012-05-21 18:45:25] [info] : java/lang/Object [2012-05-21 18:46:29] [info] Procrun (2.0.4.0) started [2012-05-21 18:46:29] [info] Running Service... [2012-05-21 18:46:29] [info] Starting service... [2012-05-21 18:46:29] [info] Error occurred during initialization of VM [2012-05-21 18:46:29] [info] java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError

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• Shared files folder in Amazon Elastic Beanstalk environment

  - by por

  I'm working on a Drupal application, which is planned to be hosted in Amazon Elastic Beanstalk environment. Basically, Elastic Beanstalk enables the application to scale automatically by starting additional web server instances based on predefined rules. The shared database is running on an Amazon RDS instance, which all instances can access properly. The problem is the shared files folder (sites/default/files). We're using git as SCM, and with it we're able to deploy new versions by executing $ git aws.push. In the background Elastic Beanstalk automatically deletes ($ rm -rf) the current codebase from all servers running in the environment, and deploys the new version. The plan was to use S3 (s3fs) for shared files in the staging environment, and NFS in the production environment. We've managed to set up the environment to the extent where the shared files folder is mounted after a reboot properly. But... The Problem is that, in this setup, the deployment of new versions on running instances fail because $ rm -rf can't remove the mounted directory, and as result, the entire environment goes down and we need restart the environment, which isn't really an elegant solution. Question #1 is that what would be the proper way to manage shared files in this kind of deployment? Are you running such an environment? How did you solve the problem? By looking at Elastic Beanstalk Hostmanager code (Ruby) there seems be a way to hook our functionality (unmount if mounted in pre-deploy and mount in post-deploy) into Hostmanager (/opt/hostmanager/srv/lib/elasticbeanstalk/hostmanager/applications/phpapplication.rb) but the scripts defined in the file (i.e. /tmp/php_post_deploy_app.sh) don't seem to be working. That might be because our Ruby skills are non-existent. Question #2 is that did you manage to hook your functionality in Hostmanager in a portable way (i.e. by not changing the core Hostmanager files)?

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• Running docker in VPC and accessing container from another VPC machine

  - by Bogdan Gaza

  I'm having issues while running docker in AWS VPC. Here is my setup: I've got two machines running in VPC: 10.0.100.150 10.0.100.151 both having an elastic IPs assigned to them, both running in the same internet enabled subnet. Let's say I'm running a web server that serves static files in a container on the 10.0.100.150 machine the container: IP: 172.17.0.2 port 8111 is forwarded on the 8111 port on the machine. I'm trying to access the static files from my local machine (or another non-VPC machine also tried an EC2 instance not running in the VPC) and it work flawlessly. If I try to access the files from the other machine (10.0.100.151) it hangs. I'm using wget to pull the files. Tried to debug it with tcpdump and ngrep and that I have seen is that the request reaches the container. If I ngrep on the host machine I see the requests going in but no response going back. If I ngrep on the container I see the requests going in and the response going back. I've tried multiple iptables setups (with postrouting enabled, with manually forwarding ports etc) but no success. Help in any way - even debugging directions would be much appreciated. Thanks!

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• AWS VPC ELB vs. Custom Load Balancing

  - by CP510

  So I'm wondering if this is a good idea. I have a Amazon AWS VPC setup with a public and private subnets. So I all ready get the Internet Gateway and NAT. I was going to setup all my web servers (Apache2 isntances) and DB servers in the private subnet and use a Load Balancer/Reverse Proxy to pick up requests and send them into the private subnets cluster of servers. My question then, is Amazons ELB's a good use for these, or is it better to setup my own custom instance to handle the public requests and run them through the NAT using nginx or pound? I like the second option just for the sake of having a instance I can log into and check. As well as taking advantage of caching and fail2ban ddos prevention, as well as possibly using fail safes to redirect traffic. But I have no experience with their ELB's, so I thought I'd ask your opinions. Also, if you guys have an opinion on this as well, would using the second option allow me to only have 1 public IP address and be able to route SSH connections through port numbers to respective instances? Thanks in advance!

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• Apache config that uses two document roots based on whether the requested resource exists in the first

  - by mattalexx

  Background I have a client site that consists of a CakePHP installation and a Magento installation: /web/example.com/ /web/example.com/app/ <== CakePHP /web/example.com/app/webroot/ <== DocumentRoot /web/example.com/app/webroot/store/ <== Magento /web/example.com/config/ <== Site-wide config /web/example.com/vendors/ <== Site-wide libraries The server runs Apache 2.2.3. The problem The whole company has FTP access and got used to clogging up the /web/example.com/, /web/example.com/app/webroot/, and /web/example.com/app/webroot/store/ directories with their own files. Sometimes these files need HTTP access and sometimes they don't. In any case, this mess makes my job harder when it comes to maintaining the site. Code merges, tarring the live code, etc, is very complicated and usually requires a bunch of filters. Abandoned solution At first, I thought I would set up a new subdomain on the same server, move all of their files there, and change their FTP chroot. But that wouldn't work for these reasons: Firstly, I have no idea (and neither do they remember) what marketing materials they've sent out that contain URLs to certain resources they've uploaded to the server, using the main domain, and also using abstract subdomains that use the main virtual host because it has ServerAlias *.example.com. So suddenly having them only use static.example.com isn't feasible. Secondly, The PHP scripts in their projects are potentially very non-portable. I want their files to stay in as similar an environment as they were built as I can. Also, I do not want to debug their code to make it portable. Half-baked solution After some thought, I decided to find a way to section off the actual website files into another directory that they would not touch. The company's uploaded files would stay where they were. This would ensure that I didn't break any of their projects that needed HTTP access. It would look something like this: /web/example.com/ <== A bunch of their files are in here /web/example.com/app/webroot/ <== 1st DocumentRoot; A bunch of their files are in here /web/example.com/app/webroot/store/ <== Some more are in here /web/example.com/site/ <== New dir; Contains only site files /web/example.com/site/app/ <== CakePHP /web/example.com/site/app/webroot/ <== 2nd DocumentRoot /web/example.com/site/app/webroot/store/ <== Magento /web/example.com/site/config/ <== Site-wide config /web/example.com/site/vendors/ <== Site-wide libraries After I made this change, I would not need to pay attention to anything except for the stuff within /web/example.com/site/ and my job would be a lot easier. I would be the only one changing stuff in there. So here's where the Apache magic would happen: I need an HTTP request to http://www.example.com/ to first use /web/example.com/app/webroot/ as the document root. If nothing is found (no miscellaneous uploaded company projects are found), try finding something within /web/example.com/site/app/webroot/. Another thing to keep in mind is, the site might have some problems if the $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] variable reads /web/example.com/app/webroot/ but the actual files are within /web/example.com/site/app/webroot/. It would be better if the DOCUMENT_ROOT environment variable could be /web/example.com/site/app/webroot/ for anything within the /web/example.com/site/app/webroot/ directory. Conclusion Is my half-baked solution possible with Apache 2.2.3? Is there a better way to solve this problem?

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• AWS: Multi-region setup using single RDS instance

  - by Ion

  I'm trying to scale our web application (PHP, MySQL, memcache) in a multi-region scheme. Currently we are using a setup with two EC2 instances behind an ELB and an RDS instance, all of them in US-EAST (Virginia) region. We would like to have a presence in the EU (Ireland) region as well. This means at least a new EC2 instance there (identical to the others, serving the same application). I have copied the desired AMI, setup the new instance, setup a same ELB configuration (required for SSL termination) and configured latency-based routing in Route53. And it works as suggested. But, clients from EU have speed problems. This is due to the fact that the EU EC2 instances connect to the US-based RDS instance. As far as I know Amazon has not yet enabled RDS multi-region replication. Do you have any suggestions on how to properly speed up the whole setup while using the single RDS instance? Also, any ideas in general on how to scale things up? Ideally we would like to continue using the RDS technology for various reasons. Nevertheless, I am open to suggestions (I guess the next idea would be to host our own MySQL servers).

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• How to reduce memory consumption an AWS EC2 t1.micro instance (free tier) ubuntu server 14.04 LTS EBS

  - by CMPSoares

  Hi I'm working on my bachelor thesis and for that I need to host a node.js web application on AWS, in order to avoid costs I'm using a t1.micro instance with 30GB disk space (from what I know it's the maximum I get in the free tier) which is barely used. But instead I have problems with memory consumption, it's using all of it. I tried the approach of creating a virtual swap area as mentioned at Why don't EC2 ubuntu images have swap? with these commands: sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swapfile bs=1M count=2048 && sudo chmod 600 /var/swapfile && sudo mkswap /var/swapfile && echo /var/swapfile none swap defaults 0 0 | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab && sudo swapon -a But this swap area isn't used somehow. Is something missing in this approach or is there another process of reducing the memory consumption in these type of AWS instances? Bottom-line: This originates server freezes and crashes and that's what I want to stop either by using the swap, reducing memory usage or both.

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• WSS 3.0/MOSS 2007 Active Directory Forms Based Authentication PeoplePicker no users found

  - by John Haigh

  WSS 3.0/MOSS 2007 Active Directory Forms Based Authentication PeoplePicker no users found After finding these steps online from http://dattard.blogspot.com/2008/11/active-directory-forms-based.html in order to setup Active Directory Forms Based Authentication I was all set to complete this task, except for one problem. These steps are missing one very important vital step in order for FBA to work with Active Directory. A supplement to step 3 before granting access in step 5 through the people picker. You need to specify the Active Directory Provider Name to the people picker, otherwise you will not be able specify users through the Policy for Web Application. <PeoplePickerWildcards>       <clear />          <add key="ADMembershipProvider" value="%" />     </PeoplePickerWildcards> Recently we needed to use Forms Based Authentication with Active Directory from an Extranet. This is how we got it to work. 1. Extend the Web Application Instead of tweaking the internal web app, Extend the web application you want to expose to the Extranet, giving it the required host headers etc. 2. Configure SharePoint Central Admin to use FBA for the "new" Web Applications Login to SharePoint Central Admin Go to Application Management / Application Security / Authentication Providers and Change the Web Application to the one which needs to be configured for Forms Based Authentication Click zone / default, change authentication type to forms and enter ActiveDirectoryMemebershipProvider under membership provider name ( for example , "ADMembershipProvider") and save this change 3. Update the web.config of SharePoint Central admin site under configuration node <connectionStrings> <add name="ADConnectionString" connectionString="LDAP://DynamicsAX.local/CN=Users,DC=DynamicsAX,DC=local /> </connectionStrings> under system.web node <membership defaultProvider="ADMembershipProvider"> <providers> <add name="ADMembershipProvider" type="System.Web.Security.ActiveDirectoryMembershipProvider,System.Web,Version=2.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" connectionStringName="ADConnectionString" connectionUsername="xxx" connectionPassword="yyy" enableSearchMethods="true" attributeMapUsername="sAMAccountName"/> </providers> </membership> 4.Update the web.config of SharePoint Web application Repeat step 3 for the web.config of the SharePoint webapplication to be configured for Forms Based Authentication Change the authentication in web.config to <authentication mode="Forms"> <forms loginUrl="/_layouts/login.aspx"></forms> </authentication> 5. Grant Access on the extended Web Application Your extranet web application is now configured to use FBA. However, until users, who will be accessing the site via FBA, are given permissions for the site, it will be inaccessible to them. To get started, open your browser and navigate to your farm’s Central Administration site. Click on Application Management and then click on Policy for Web Application. Make sure that you are working on the extranet web application. Do the following steps: Click on Add Users. In the Zones drop down, select the appropriate Extranet zone. IMPORTANT: If you select the incorrect zone, you may not be able to resolve user names. Hence, the zone you select must match the zone of the web application that is configured to use FBA. Click the Next button. In the Users edit box, type the name of the FBA user whom you wish to have full control for the site. Click the Resolve link next to the Users edit box. If the web application's FBA information has been configured correctly, the name will resolve and become underlined. Check the Full Control checkbox. Click the Finish button.

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• Using the ASP.NET Cache to cache data in a Model or Business Object layer, without a dependency on System.Web in the layer - Part One.

  - by Rhames

  ASP.NET applications can make use of the System.Web.Caching.Cache object to cache data and prevent repeated expensive calls to a database or other store. However, ideally an application should make use of caching at the point where data is retrieved from the database, which typically is inside a Business Objects or Model layer. One of the key features of using a UI pattern such as Model-View-Presenter (MVP) or Model-View-Controller (MVC) is that the Model and Presenter (or Controller) layers are developed without any knowledge of the UI layer. Introducing a dependency on System.Web into the Model layer would break this independence of the Model from the View. This article gives a solution to this problem, using dependency injection to inject the caching implementation into the Model layer at runtime. This allows caching to be used within the Model layer, without any knowledge of the actual caching mechanism that will be used. Create a sample application to use the caching solution Create a test SQL Server database This solution uses a SQL Server database with the same Sales data used in my previous post on calculating running totals. The advantage of using this data is that it gives nice slow queries that will exaggerate the effect of using caching! To create the data, first create a new SQL database called CacheSample. Next run the following script to create the Sale table and populate it: USE CacheSample GO   CREATE TABLE Sale(DayCount smallint, Sales money) CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX ndx_DayCount ON Sale(DayCount) go INSERT Sale VALUES (1,120) INSERT Sale VALUES (2,60) INSERT Sale VALUES (3,125) INSERT Sale VALUES (4,40)   DECLARE @DayCount smallint, @Sales money SET @DayCount = 5 SET @Sales = 10   WHILE @DayCount < 5000  BEGIN  INSERT Sale VALUES (@DayCount,@Sales)  SET @DayCount = @DayCount + 1  SET @Sales = @Sales + 15  END Next create a stored procedure to calculate the running total, and return a specified number of rows from the Sale table, using the following script: USE [CacheSample] GO   SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO   SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO   -- ============================================= -- Author:        Robin -- Create date: -- Description:   -- ============================================= CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[spGetRunningTotals]       -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here       @HighestDayCount smallint = null AS BEGIN       -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from       -- interfering with SELECT statements.       SET NOCOUNT ON;         IF @HighestDayCount IS NULL             SELECT @HighestDayCount = MAX(DayCount) FROM dbo.Sale                   DECLARE @SaleTbl TABLE (DayCount smallint, Sales money, RunningTotal money)         DECLARE @DayCount smallint,                   @Sales money,                   @RunningTotal money         SET @RunningTotal = 0       SET @DayCount = 0         DECLARE rt_cursor CURSOR       FOR       SELECT DayCount, Sales       FROM Sale       ORDER BY DayCount         OPEN rt_cursor         FETCH NEXT FROM rt_cursor INTO @DayCount,@Sales         WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 AND @DayCount <= @HighestDayCount        BEGIN        SET @RunningTotal = @RunningTotal + @Sales        INSERT @SaleTbl VALUES (@DayCount,@Sales,@RunningTotal)        FETCH NEXT FROM rt_cursor INTO @DayCount,@Sales        END         CLOSE rt_cursor       DEALLOCATE rt_cursor         SELECT DayCount, Sales, RunningTotal       FROM @SaleTbl   END   GO   Create the Sample ASP.NET application In Visual Studio create a new solution and add a class library project called CacheSample.BusinessObjects and an ASP.NET web application called CacheSample.UI. The CacheSample.BusinessObjects project will contain a single class to represent a Sale data item, with all the code to retrieve the sales from the database included in it for simplicity (normally I would at least have a separate Repository or other object that is responsible for retrieving data, and probably a data access layer as well, but for this sample I want to keep it simple). The C# code for the Sale class is shown below: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Data; using System.Data.SqlClient;   namespace CacheSample.BusinessObjects {     public class Sale     {         public Int16 DayCount { get; set; }         public decimal Sales { get; set; }         public decimal RunningTotal { get; set; }           public static IEnumerable<Sale> GetSales(int? highestDayCount)         {             List<Sale> sales = new List<Sale>();               SqlParameter highestDayCountParameter = new SqlParameter("@HighestDayCount", SqlDbType.SmallInt);             if (highestDayCount.HasValue)                 highestDayCountParameter.Value = highestDayCount;             else                 highestDayCountParameter.Value = DBNull.Value;               string connectionStr = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager .ConnectionStrings["CacheSample"].ConnectionString;               using(SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(connectionStr))             using (SqlCommand sqlCmd = sqlConn.CreateCommand())             {                 sqlCmd.CommandText = "spGetRunningTotals";                 sqlCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;                 sqlCmd.Parameters.Add(highestDayCountParameter);                   sqlConn.Open();                   using (SqlDataReader dr = sqlCmd.ExecuteReader())                 {                     while (dr.Read())                     {                         Sale newSale = new Sale();                         newSale.DayCount = dr.GetInt16(0);                         newSale.Sales = dr.GetDecimal(1);                         newSale.RunningTotal = dr.GetDecimal(2);                           sales.Add(newSale);                     }                 }             }               return sales;         }     } }   The static GetSale() method makes a call to the spGetRunningTotals stored procedure and then reads each row from the returned SqlDataReader into an instance of the Sale class, it then returns a List of the Sale objects, as IEnnumerable<Sale>. A reference to System.Configuration needs to be added to the CacheSample.BusinessObjects project so that the connection string can be read from the web.config file. In the CacheSample.UI ASP.NET project, create a single web page called ShowSales.aspx, and make this the default start up page. This page will contain a single button to call the GetSales() method and a label to display the results. The html mark up and the C# code behind are shown below: ShowSales.aspx <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="ShowSales.aspx.cs" Inherits="CacheSample.UI.ShowSales" %>   <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">   <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head runat="server">     <title>Cache Sample - Show All Sales</title> </head> <body>     <form id="form1" runat="server">     <div>         <asp:Button ID="btnTest1" runat="server" onclick="btnTest1_Click"             Text="Get All Sales" />         &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;         <asp:Label ID="lblResults" runat="server"></asp:Label>         </div>     </form> </body> </html>   ShowSales.aspx.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls;   using CacheSample.BusinessObjects;   namespace CacheSample.UI {     public partial class ShowSales : System.Web.UI.Page     {         protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)         {         }           protected void btnTest1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)         {             System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch stopWatch = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();             stopWatch.Start();               var sales = Sale.GetSales(null);               var lastSales = sales.Last();               stopWatch.Stop();               lblResults.Text = string.Format( "Count of Sales: {0}, Last DayCount: {1}, Total Sales: {2}. Query took {3} ms", sales.Count(), lastSales.DayCount, lastSales.RunningTotal, stopWatch.ElapsedMilliseconds);         }       } }   Finally we need to add a connection string to the CacheSample SQL Server database, called CacheSample, to the web.config file: <?xmlversion="1.0"?>   <configuration>    <connectionStrings>     <addname="CacheSample"          connectionString="data source=.\SQLEXPRESS;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=CacheSample"          providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />  </connectionStrings>    <system.web>     <compilationdebug="true"targetFramework="4.0" />  </system.web>   </configuration>   Run the application and click the button a few times to see how long each call to the database takes. On my system, each query takes about 450ms. Next I shall look at a solution to use the ASP.NET caching to cache the data returned by the query, so that subsequent requests to the GetSales() method are much faster. Adding Data Caching Support I am going to create my caching support in a separate project called CacheSample.Caching, so the next step is to add a class library to the solution. We shall be using the application configuration to define the implementation of our caching system, so we need a reference to System.Configuration adding to the project. ICacheProvider<T> Interface The first step in adding caching to our application is to define an interface, called ICacheProvider, in the CacheSample.Caching project, with methods to retrieve any data from the cache or to retrieve the data from the data source if it is not present in the cache. Dependency Injection will then be used to inject an implementation of this interface at runtime, allowing the users of the interface (i.e. the CacheSample.BusinessObjects project) to be completely unaware of how the caching is actually implemented. As data of any type maybe retrieved from the data source, it makes sense to use generics in the interface, with a generic type parameter defining the data type associated with a particular instance of the cache interface implementation. The C# code for the ICacheProvider interface is shown below: using System; using System.Collections.Generic;   namespace CacheSample.Caching {     public interface ICacheProvider     {     }       public interface ICacheProvider<T> : ICacheProvider     {         T Fetch(string key, Func<T> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry);           IEnumerable<T> Fetch(string key, Func<IEnumerable<T>> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry);     } }   The empty non-generic interface will be used as a type in a Dictionary generic collection later to store instances of the ICacheProvider<T> implementation for reuse, I prefer to use a base interface when doing this, as I think the alternative of using object makes for less clear code. The ICacheProvider<T> interface defines two overloaded Fetch methods, the difference between these is that one will return a single instance of the type T and the other will return an IEnumerable<T>, providing support for easy caching of collections of data items. Both methods will take a key parameter, which will uniquely identify the cached data, a delegate of type Func<T> or Func<IEnumerable<T>> which will provide the code to retrieve the data from the store if it is not present in the cache, and absolute or relative expiry policies to define when a cached item should expire. Note that at present there is no support for cache dependencies, but I shall be showing a method of adding this in part two of this article. CacheProviderFactory Class We need a mechanism of creating instances of our ICacheProvider<T> interface, using Dependency Injection to get the implementation of the interface. To do this we shall create a CacheProviderFactory static class in the CacheSample.Caching project. This factory will provide a generic static method called GetCacheProvider<T>(), which shall return instances of ICacheProvider<T>. We can then call this factory method with the relevant data type (for example the Sale class in the CacheSample.BusinessObject project) to get a instance of ICacheProvider for that type (e.g. call CacheProviderFactory.GetCacheProvider<Sale>() to get the ICacheProvider<Sale> implementation). The C# code for the CacheProviderFactory is shown below: using System; using System.Collections.Generic;   using CacheSample.Caching.Configuration;   namespace CacheSample.Caching {     public static class CacheProviderFactory     {         private static Dictionary<Type, ICacheProvider> cacheProviders = new Dictionary<Type, ICacheProvider>();         private static object syncRoot = new object();           ///<summary>         /// Factory method to create or retrieve an implementation of the  /// ICacheProvider interface for type <typeparamref name="T"/>.         ///</summary>         ///<typeparam name="T">  /// The type that this cache provider instance will work with  ///</typeparam>         ///<returns>An instance of the implementation of ICacheProvider for type  ///<typeparamref name="T"/>, as specified by the application  /// configuration</returns>         public static ICacheProvider<T> GetCacheProvider<T>()         {             ICacheProvider<T> cacheProvider = null;             // Get the Type reference for the type parameter T             Type typeOfT = typeof(T);               // Lock the access to the cacheProviders dictionary             // so multiple threads can work with it             lock (syncRoot)             {                 // First check if an instance of the ICacheProvider implementation  // already exists in the cacheProviders dictionary for the type T                 if (cacheProviders.ContainsKey(typeOfT))                     cacheProvider = (ICacheProvider<T>)cacheProviders[typeOfT];                 else                 {                     // There is not already an instance of the ICacheProvider in       // cacheProviders for the type T                     // so we need to create one                       // Get the Type reference for the application's implementation of       // ICacheProvider from the configuration                     Type cacheProviderType = Type.GetType(CacheProviderConfigurationSection.Current. CacheProviderType);                     if (cacheProviderType != null)                     {                         // Now get a Type reference for the Cache Provider with the                         // type T generic parameter                         Type typeOfCacheProviderTypeForT = cacheProviderType.MakeGenericType(new Type[] { typeOfT });                         if (typeOfCacheProviderTypeForT != null)                         {                             // Create the instance of the Cache Provider and add it to // the cacheProviders dictionary for future use                             cacheProvider = (ICacheProvider<T>)Activator. CreateInstance(typeOfCacheProviderTypeForT);                             cacheProviders.Add(typeOfT, cacheProvider);                         }                     }                 }             }               return cacheProvider;                 }     } }   As this code uses Activator.CreateInstance() to create instances of the ICacheProvider<T> implementation, which is a slow process, the factory class maintains a Dictionary of the previously created instances so that a cache provider needs to be created only once for each type. The type of the implementation of ICacheProvider<T> is read from a custom configuration section in the application configuration file, via the CacheProviderConfigurationSection class, which is described below. CacheProviderConfigurationSection Class The implementation of ICacheProvider<T> will be specified in a custom configuration section in the application’s configuration. To handle this create a folder in the CacheSample.Caching project called Configuration, and add a class called CacheProviderConfigurationSection to this folder. This class will extend the System.Configuration.ConfigurationSection class, and will contain a single string property called CacheProviderType. The C# code for this class is shown below: using System; using System.Configuration;   namespace CacheSample.Caching.Configuration {     internal class CacheProviderConfigurationSection : ConfigurationSection     {         public static CacheProviderConfigurationSection Current         {             get             {                 return (CacheProviderConfigurationSection) ConfigurationManager.GetSection("cacheProvider");             }         }           [ConfigurationProperty("type", IsRequired=true)]         public string CacheProviderType         {             get             {                 return (string)this["type"];             }         }     } }   Adding Data Caching to the Sales Class We now have enough code in place to add caching to the GetSales() method in the CacheSample.BusinessObjects.Sale class, even though we do not yet have an implementation of the ICacheProvider<T> interface. We need to add a reference to the CacheSample.Caching project to CacheSample.BusinessObjects so that we can use the ICacheProvider<T> interface within the GetSales() method. Once the reference is added, we can first create a unique string key based on the method name and the parameter value, so that the same cache key is used for repeated calls to the method with the same parameter values. Then we get an instance of the cache provider for the Sales type, using the CacheProviderFactory, and pass the existing code to retrieve the data from the database as the retrievalMethod delegate in a call to the Cache Provider Fetch() method. The C# code for the modified GetSales() method is shown below: public static IEnumerable<Sale> GetSales(int? highestDayCount) {     string cacheKey = string.Format("CacheSample.BusinessObjects.GetSalesWithCache({0})", highestDayCount);       return CacheSample.Caching.CacheProviderFactory. GetCacheProvider<Sale>().Fetch(cacheKey,         delegate()         {             List<Sale> sales = new List<Sale>();               SqlParameter highestDayCountParameter = new SqlParameter("@HighestDayCount", SqlDbType.SmallInt);             if (highestDayCount.HasValue)                 highestDayCountParameter.Value = highestDayCount;             else                 highestDayCountParameter.Value = DBNull.Value;               string connectionStr = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager. ConnectionStrings["CacheSample"].ConnectionString;               using (SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(connectionStr))             using (SqlCommand sqlCmd = sqlConn.CreateCommand())             {                 sqlCmd.CommandText = "spGetRunningTotals";                 sqlCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;                 sqlCmd.Parameters.Add(highestDayCountParameter);                   sqlConn.Open();                   using (SqlDataReader dr = sqlCmd.ExecuteReader())                 {                     while (dr.Read())                     {                         Sale newSale = new Sale();                         newSale.DayCount = dr.GetInt16(0);                         newSale.Sales = dr.GetDecimal(1);                         newSale.RunningTotal = dr.GetDecimal(2);                           sales.Add(newSale);                     }                 }             }               return sales;         },         null,         new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0)); }     This example passes the code to retrieve the Sales data from the database to the Cache Provider as an anonymous method, however it could also be written as a lambda. The main advantage of using an anonymous function (method or lambda) is that the code inside the anonymous function can access the parameters passed to the GetSales() method. Finally the absolute expiry is set to null, and the relative expiry set to 10 minutes, to indicate that the cache entry should be removed 10 minutes after the last request for the data. As the ICacheProvider<T> has a Fetch() method that returns IEnumerable<T>, we can simply return the results of the Fetch() method to the caller of the GetSales() method. This should be all that is needed for the GetSales() method to now retrieve data from a cache after the first time the data has be retrieved from the database. Implementing a ASP.NET Cache Provider The final step is to actually implement the ICacheProvider<T> interface, and add the implementation details to the web.config file for the dependency injection. The cache provider implementation needs to have access to System.Web. Therefore it could be placed in the CacheSample.UI project, or in its own project that has a reference to System.Web. Implementing the Cache Provider in a separate project is my favoured approach. Create a new project inside the solution called CacheSample.CacheProvider, and add references to System.Web and CacheSample.Caching to this project. Add a class to the project called AspNetCacheProvider. Make the class a generic class by adding the generic parameter <T> and indicate that the class implements ICacheProvider<T>. The C# code for the AspNetCacheProvider class is shown below: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Caching;   using CacheSample.Caching;   namespace CacheSample.CacheProvider {     public class AspNetCacheProvider<T> : ICacheProvider<T>     {         #region ICacheProvider<T> Members           public T Fetch(string key, Func<T> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry)         {             return FetchAndCache<T>(key, retrieveData, absoluteExpiry, relativeExpiry);         }           public IEnumerable<T> Fetch(string key, Func<IEnumerable<T>> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry)         {             return FetchAndCache<IEnumerable<T>>(key, retrieveData, absoluteExpiry, relativeExpiry);         }           #endregion           #region Helper Methods           private U FetchAndCache<U>(string key, Func<U> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry)         {             U value;             if (!TryGetValue<U>(key, out value))             {                 value = retrieveData();                 if (!absoluteExpiry.HasValue)                     absoluteExpiry = Cache.NoAbsoluteExpiration;                   if (!relativeExpiry.HasValue)                     relativeExpiry = Cache.NoSlidingExpiration;                   HttpContext.Current.Cache.Insert(key, value, null, absoluteExpiry.Value, relativeExpiry.Value);             }             return value;         }           private bool TryGetValue<U>(string key, out U value)         {             object cachedValue = HttpContext.Current.Cache.Get(key);             if (cachedValue == null)             {                 value = default(U);                 return false;             }             else             {                 try                 {                     value = (U)cachedValue;                     return true;                 }                 catch                 {                     value = default(U);                     return false;                 }             }         }           #endregion       } }   The two interface Fetch() methods call a private method called FetchAndCache(). This method first checks for a element in the HttpContext.Current.Cache with the specified cache key, and if so tries to cast this to the specified type (either T or IEnumerable<T>). If the cached element is found, the FetchAndCache() method simply returns it. If it is not found in the cache, the method calls the retrievalMethod delegate to get the data from the data source, and then adds this to the HttpContext.Current.Cache. The final step is to add the AspNetCacheProvider class to the relevant custom configuration section in the CacheSample.UI.Web.Config file. To do this there needs to be a <configSections> element added as the first element in <configuration>. This will match a custom section called <cacheProvider> with the CacheProviderConfigurationSection. Then we add a <cacheProvider> element, with a type property set to the fully qualified assembly name of the AspNetCacheProvider class, as shown below: <?xmlversion="1.0"?>   <configuration>  <configSections>     <sectionname="cacheProvider" type="CacheSample.Base.Configuration.CacheProviderConfigurationSection, CacheSample.Base" />  </configSections>    <connectionStrings>     <addname="CacheSample"          connectionString="data source=.\SQLEXPRESS;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=CacheSample"          providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />  </connectionStrings>    <cacheProvidertype="CacheSample.CacheProvider.AspNetCacheProvider`1, CacheSample.CacheProvider, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null">  </cacheProvider>    <system.web>     <compilationdebug="true"targetFramework="4.0" />  </system.web>   </configuration>   One point to note is that the fully qualified assembly name of the AspNetCacheProvider class includes the notation `1 after the class name, which indicates that it is a generic class with a single generic type parameter. The CacheSample.UI project needs to have references added to CacheSample.Caching and CacheSample.CacheProvider so that the actual application is aware of the relevant cache provider implementation. Conclusion After implementing this solution, you should have a working cache provider mechanism, that will allow the middle and data access layers to implement caching support when retrieving data, without any knowledge of the actually caching implementation. If the UI is not ASP.NET based, if for example it is Winforms or WPF, the implementation of ICacheProvider<T> would be written around whatever technology is available. It could even be a standalone caching system that takes full responsibility for adding and removing items from a global store. The next part of this article will show how this caching mechanism may be extended to provide support for cache dependencies, such as the System.Web.Caching.SqlCacheDependency. Another possible extension would be to cache the cache provider implementations instead of storing them in a static Dictionary in the CacheProviderFactory. This would prevent a build up of seldom used cache providers in the application memory, as they could be removed from the cache if not used often enough, although in reality there are probably unlikely to be vast numbers of cache provider implementation instances, as most applications do not have a massive number of business object or model types.

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• Firefox 23 n'autorise plus la désactivation de JavaScript, l'utilisateur devrait-il avoir le choix où le Web sans JavaScript est désormais stupide ?

  Firefox 23 n'autorise plus la désactivation de JavaScript L'utilisateur devrait-il avoir le choix ou le Web sans JavaScript est-il désormais stupide ?JavaScript devient omniprésent et quasiment incontournable dans l'écosystème du Web.Développé à la base comme un simple langage de script qui devait permettre de rendre des pages Web interactives, JavaScript peut être désactivé via une option dans les navigateurs.Pour le développeur, cette option permet de voir comment peut fonctionner son application Web sans JavaScript et pour l'utilisateur, la désactivation de JavaScript devait permettre d'éviter les popup publicitaires intrusifs, le chargement rapide des pages ou de bénéficier de plus de sécuri...

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• Mozilla : le projet d'écosystème d'applications Web se concrétise, la fondation sort une première version avec une API stable

  Mozilla : le projet d'écosystème d'applications Web se concrétise La fondation sort une première version avec une API stable Mise à jour du 04/03/11 par Idelways La fondation Mozilla vient d'annoncer la disponibilité d'une première version du projet «*Mozilla Web Application*». Un projet très ambitieux, destiné à créer un écosystème de boutiques d'applications Web (gratuites ou payantes), ouvert à tous les navigateurs modernes et à tous les périphériques (lire ci-devant). Des applications écrites, bien entendu, avec les standards Web : HTML5, JavaScript, etc. Ce premier Build du projet embarque une API stable, des utilitaires pou...

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• Lancement de la FAQ Web sémantique, déjà 19 questions et leurs réponses, avec un moteur de recherche intégré

  Le temps avançant, les moteurs de recherche trouvent aussi quelques avantages au Web sémantique, ils décident de créer Schema.org. Il était donc bien temps que ce domaine du développement Web (parfois dénommé Web 3) dispose de sa propre FAQ... C'est maintenant chose faite ! La FAQ Web sémantique Si vous voyez une question qui manque, une erreur ou une imprécision, n'hésitez surtout pas à nous les remonter et à nous proposer des ajouts/des corrections !...

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• .NET : Infragistics met à jour ses packs de composants, outils et contrôles, NetAdvantage for Web Developers et NetAdvantage Reporting

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• Solutions For Improving Your Web Site Ranking - Simple Yet Cost Effective!

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• xen 4.1 host priodically dropping network packets of domU

  - by Dyutiman Chakraborty

  I have xen 4.1 Host running on a ubuntu 12.04 LTS Server with ip 153.x.x.54. I have setup 2 VMs on it, namely, "dev.mydomain.com" and "web.mydomain.com" with ips 195.X.X.2 and 195.x.x.3 respectively. For network the VMs connect through xendbr0 (xen-bridge), and can accces the network properly. I can also login to the VMs with ssh with no issue. However when I ping any of the VMs, there is a high amount of periodic packet drop. If I the ping the xen host (dom0) there is no packet drop. Following is a output of "tcpdump | grep ICMP" on dOM0 while I was pinging one of the domU tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 05:19:55.682493 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 30, length 64 05:19:56.691144 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 31, length 64 05:19:57.698776 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 32, length 64 05:19:58.706784 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 33, length 64 05:19:59.714751 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 34, length 64 05:20:00.723144 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 35, length 64 05:20:01.730349 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 36, length 64 05:20:02.739017 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 37, length 64 05:20:03.746806 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 38, length 64 05:20:06.770326 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 41, length 64 05:20:07.778801 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 42, length 64 05:20:08.786481 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 43, length 64 05:20:09.794720 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 44, length 64 05:20:10.802395 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 45, length 64 05:20:11.810770 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 46, length 64 05:20:12.818511 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 47, length 64 05:20:13.826817 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 48, length 64 05:20:14.835125 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 49, length 64 05:20:15.842138 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 50, length 64 05:20:18.274072 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 1, length 64 05:20:19.282347 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 2, length 64 05:20:20.290746 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 3, length 64 05:20:21.297910 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 4, length 64 05:20:22.305656 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 5, length 64 05:20:23.314369 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 6, length 64 05:20:24.322055 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 7, length 64 05:20:25.329782 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 8, length 64 05:20:26.338473 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 9, length 64 05:20:27.346411 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 10, length 64 05:20:28.354175 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 11, length 64 05:20:29.361640 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 12, length 64 05:20:30.370026 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 13, length 64 05:20:31.377696 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 14, length 64 05:20:32.386151 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 15, length 64 05:20:33.394118 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 16, length 64 05:20:34.402058 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 17, length 64 05:20:35.409002 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 18, length 64 05:20:36.417692 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 19, length 64 05:20:36.496916 IP6 fe80::3285:a9ff:feec:fc69 > ip6-allnodes: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener querymax resp delay: 1000 addr: ::, length 24 05:20:36.499112 IP6 fe80::21c:c0ff:fe6c:c091 > ff02::1:ff6c:c091: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff6c:c091, length 24 05:20:36.507041 IP6 fe80::227:eff:fe11:fa3f > ff02::1:ff00:2: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff00:2, length 24 05:20:36.523919 IP6 fe80::21c:c0ff:fe77:6257 > ff02::1:ff77:6257: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff77:6257, length 24 05:20:36.544785 IP6 fe80::54:ff:fe12:ea9a > ff02::1:ff12:ea9a: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff12:ea9a, length 24 05:20:36.581740 IP6 fe80::5604:a6ff:fef1:6da7 > ff02::1:fff1:6da7: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:fff1:6da7, length 24 05:20:36.600103 IP6 fe80::8a8:8aa0:5e18:917a > ff02::1:ff18:917a: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff18:917a, length 24 05:20:36.601989 IP6 fe80::227:eff:fe11:fa3e > ff02::1:ff11:fa3e: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff11:fa3e, length 24 05:20:36.611090 IP6 fe80::dcad:56ff:fe57:3bbe > ff02::1:ff57:3bbe: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff57:3bbe, length 24 05:20:36.660521 IP6 fe80::54:ff:fe02:1d31 > ff02::1:ff00:6: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff00:6, length 24 05:20:36.698871 IP6 fe80::21e:8cff:feb4:9f89 > ff02::1:ffb4:9f89: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ffb4:9f89, length 24 05:20:36.776548 IP6 fe80::54:ff:fe12:ea9a > ff02::1:ff01:7: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff01:7, length 24 05:20:36.781910 IP6 fe80::54:ff:fe8f:6dd > ff02::1:ff00:3: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff00:3, length 24 05:20:36.865475 IP6 fe80::21c:c0ff:fe4a:ae9f > ff02::1:ff4a:ae9f: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff4a:ae9f, length 24 05:20:36.908333 IP6 fe80::dcad:45ff:fe90:84db > ff02::1:ff90:84db: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff90:84db, length 24 05:20:36.919653 IP6 fe80::54:ff:fe12:ea9a > ff02::1:ff00:7: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff00:7, length 24 05:20:36.924276 IP6 fe80::59a2:2a4a:2082:6dee > ff02::1:ff82:6dee: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff82:6dee, length 24 05:20:37.001905 IP6 fe80::54:ff:fe8f:6dd > ff02::1:ff8f:6dd: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff8f:6dd, length 24 05:20:37.042403 IP6 fe80::54:ff:fe95:54f2 > ff02::1:ff95:54f2: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff95:54f2, length 24 05:20:37.090992 IP6 fe80::21c:c0ff:fe77:62ac > ff02::1:ff77:62ac: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff77:62ac, length 24 05:20:37.098118 IP6 fe80::d63d:7eff:fe01:b67f > ff02::1:ff01:b67f: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff01:b67f, length 24 05:20:37.118784 IP6 fe80::54:ff:fe12:ea9a > ff02::202: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::202, length 24 05:20:37.168548 IP6 fe80::54:ff:fe02:1d31 > ff02::1:ff02:1d31: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff02:1d31, length 24 05:20:41.743286 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 1, length 64 05:20:41.743542 IP dev.mydomain.com > ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in: ICMP echo reply, id 3463, seq 1, length 64 05:20:42.743859 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 2, length 64 05:20:42.743952 IP dev.mydomain.com > ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in: ICMP echo reply, id 3463, seq 2, length 64 05:20:43.745689 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 3, length 64 05:20:43.745777 IP dev.mydomain.com > ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in: ICMP echo reply, id 3463, seq 3, length 64 05:20:44.746706 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 4, length 64 05:20:44.746796 IP dev.mydomain.com > ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in: ICMP echo reply, id 3463, seq 4, length 64 05:20:45.747986 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 5, length 64 05:20:45.748082 IP dev.mydomain.com > ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in: ICMP echo reply, id 3463, seq 5, length 64 05:20:46.749834 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 6, length 64 05:20:46.749920 IP dev.mydomain.com > ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in: ICMP echo reply, id 3463, seq 6, length 64 05:20:47.750838 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 7, length 64 05:20:47.751182 IP dev.mydomain.com > ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in: ICMP echo reply, id 3463, seq 7, length 64 05:20:48.751909 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 8, length 64 05:20:48.751991 IP dev.mydomain.com > ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in: ICMP echo reply, id 3463, seq 8, length 64 05:20:49.752542 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 9, length 64 05:20:49.752620 IP dev.mydomain.com > ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in: ICMP echo reply, id 3463, seq 9, length 64 05:20:50.754246 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 10, length 64 05:20:51.753856 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 11, length 64 05:20:52.752868 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 12, length 64 05:20:53.754174 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 13, length 64 05:20:54.753972 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 14, length 64 05:20:55.753814 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 15, length 64 05:20:56.753391 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 16, length 64 05:20:57.753683 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 17, length 64 05:20:58.753487 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 18, length 64 05:20:59.754013 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 19, length 64 05:21:00.753169 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 20, length 64 05:21:01.753757 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 21, length 64 05:21:02.753307 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 22, length 64 05:21:03.753021 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 23, length 64 05:21:04.753628 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 24, length 64 ^C479 packets captured 718 packets received by filter 238 packets dropped by kernel 3 packets dropped by interface You see the ping request is not responed to initially, then for a moment it is replied back and then again no reply. I have tried everything (to the best of my knowledge) to fix this, but can't find any answer Any help will be greatly appreciated Thanks.

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• Backing up data stored on Amazon S3

  - by Fiver

  I have an EC2 instance running a web server that stores users' uploaded files to S3. The files are written once and never change, but are retrieved occasionally by the users. We will likely accumulate somewhere around 200-500GB of data per year. We would like to ensure this data is safe, particularly from accidental deletions and would like to be able to restore files that were deleted regardless of the reason. I have read about the versioning feature for S3 buckets, but I cannot seem to find if recovery is possible for files with no modification history. See the AWS docs here on versioning: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/ObjectVersioning.html In those examples, they don't show the scenario where data is uploaded, but never modified, and then deleted. Are files deleted in this scenario recoverable? Then, we thought we may just backup the S3 files to Glacier using object lifecycle management: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/object-lifecycle-mgmt.html But, it seems this will not work for us, as the file object is not copied to Glacier but moved to Glacier (more accurately it seems it is an object attribute that is changed, but anyway...). So it seems there is no direct way to backup S3 data, and transferring the data from S3 to local servers may be time-consuming and may incur significant transfer costs over time. Finally, we thought we would create a new bucket every month to serve as a monthly full backup, and copy the original bucket's data to the new one on Day 1. Then using something like duplicity (http://duplicity.nongnu.org/) we would synchronize the backup bucket every night. At the end of the month we would put the backup bucket's contents in Glacier storage, and create a new backup bucket using a new, current copy of the original bucket...and repeat this process. This seems like it would work and minimize the storage / transfer costs, but I'm not sure if duplicity allows bucket-to-bucket transfers directly without bringing data down to the controlling client first. So, I guess there are a couple questions here. First, does S3 versioning allow recovery of files that were never modified? Is there some way to "copy" files from S3 to Glacier that I have missed? Can duplicity or any other tool transfer files between S3 buckets directly to avoid transfer costs? Finally, am I way off the mark in my approach to backing up S3 data? Thanks in advance for any insight you could provide!

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