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  • Cachefilesd (cachefiles) everything seems to be set up, still not working

    - by Evgenius
    I'm trying to set up cachefilesd to work with my network folder shared using NFS. I have seemingly everything set up, however cachefilesd starts normally, however caching isn't functioning. Here is output of commands, which I ran in the same order 1 sudo mount ... cache-1:/mnt/datashared on /mnt/nfsshare type nfs (rw,sync,ac,acregmin=3,acregmax=60,acdirmin=30,acdirmax=300,lookupcache=pos,vers=3,fsc) ... 2 lsbmod | grep cachefiles cachefiles 40555 1 fscache 57430 4 nfs,cifs,cachefiles,nfsv4 3 [edited - deleted] 4 uname -r 3.8.0-34-generic 5 grep CONFIG_NFS_FSCACHE /boot/config-3.8.0-34-generic CONFIG_NFS_FSCACHE=y 6 lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 13.04 Release: 13.04 Codename: raring 7 sudo service cachefilesd restart * Restarting FilesCache daemon cachefilesd [ OK ] 8 dmesg [6211206.141781] FS-Cache: Withdrawing cache "mycache" [6211210.135236] FS-Cache: Cache "mycache" added (type cachefiles) [6211210.135242] CacheFiles: File cache on sdb1 registered [6214644.348929] CacheFiles: File cache on sdb1 unregistering [6214644.348935] FS-Cache: Withdrawing cache "mycache" [6214654.575909] FS-Cache: Cache "mycache" added (type cachefiles) [6214654.575915] CacheFiles: File cache on sdb1 registered 9 ps aux | grep cachefilesd root 65399 0.0 0.0 4460 540 ? Ss 23:14 0:00 /sbin/cachefilesd 1000 65464 0.0 0.0 8160 916 pts/0 S+ 23:16 0:00 grep --color=auto cachefilesd finally, biggest problem is 10 cat /proc/fs/nfsfs/volumes NV SERVER PORT DEV FSID FSC v3 64476645 801 0:24 233e020f0da07a93 no tl;dr I think I configured everything properly but FSC mount option + fscachefilesd don't seem to work

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  • NFS4 permission denied when userid does not match (even though idmap is working)

    - by SystemParadox
    I have NFS4 setup with idmapd working correctly. ls -l from the client shows the correct user names, even though the user ids differ between the machines. However, when the user ids do not match, I get 'permission denied' errors trying access files, even though ls -l shows the correct username. When the user ids do happen to match by coincidence, everything works fine. sudo sysctl -w sunrpc.nfsd_debug=1023 gives the following output in the server syslog for the failed file access: nfsd_dispatch: vers 4 proc 1 nfsv4 compound op #1/3: 22 (OP_PUTFH) nfsd: fh_verify(28: 00070001 015c0001 00000000 9853d400 2a4892a5 4918a0ba) nfsv4 compound op ffff88003d0f5078 opcnt 3 #1: 22: status 0 nfsv4 compound op #2/3: 3 (OP_ACCESS) nfsd: fh_verify(28: 00070001 015c0001 00000000 9853d400 2a4892a5 4918a0ba) nfsd: fh_verify - just checking nfsv4 compound op ffff88003d0f5078 opcnt 3 #2: 3: status 0 nfsv4 compound op #3/3: 9 (OP_GETATTR) nfsd: fh_verify(28: 00070001 015c0001 00000000 9853d400 2a4892a5 4918a0ba) nfsd: fh_verify - just checking nfsv4 compound op ffff88003d0f5078 opcnt 3 #3: 9: status 0 nfsv4 compound returned 0 nfsd_dispatch: vers 4 proc 1 nfsv4 compound op #1/7: 22 (OP_PUTFH) nfsd: fh_verify(28: 00070001 015c0001 00000000 9853d400 2a4892a5 4918a0ba) nfsv4 compound op ffff88003d0f5078 opcnt 7 #1: 22: status 0 nfsv4 compound op #2/7: 32 (OP_SAVEFH) nfsv4 compound op ffff88003d0f5078 opcnt 7 #2: 32: status 0 nfsv4 compound op #3/7: 18 (OP_OPEN) NFSD: nfsd4_open filename dom_file op_stateowner (null) renewing client (clientid 4f96587d/0000000e) nfsd: nfsd_lookup(fh 28: 00070001 015c0001 00000000 9853d400 2a4892a5 4918a0ba, dom_file) nfsd: fh_verify(28: 00070001 015c0001 00000000 9853d400 2a4892a5 4918a0ba) nfsd: fh_verify - just checking nfsd: fh_lock(28: 00070001 015c0001 00000000 9853d400 2a4892a5 4918a0ba) locked = 0 nfsd: fh_compose(exp 08:01/22806529 srv/dom_file, ino=22809724) nfsd: fh_verify(36: 01070001 015c0001 00000000 9853d400 2a4892a5 4918a0ba) nfsd: fh_verify - just checking fh_verify: srv/dom_file permission failure, acc=804, error=13 nfsv4 compound op ffff88003d0f5078 opcnt 7 #3: 18: status 13 nfsv4 compound returned 13 Is that useful to anyone? Any hints on to debug this would be greatly appreciated. Server kernel: 2.6.32-40-server (Ubuntu 10.04) Client kernel: 3.2.0-27-generic (Ubuntu 12.04) Same problem with my new server running 3.2.0-27-generic (Ubuntu 12.04). Thanks.

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  • cups log kills ubuntu 12.04 and sudoer permissions changed

    - by peterretief
    I am using Ubuntu 12.04 as a desktop and recently had a weird crash with the log file for cups filling up the entire drive and not letting me back in, also what changed was /var/lib/sudo had changed from root to peter (me) I didn't make this change - I checked the history! I set the sudoers back to root and capped the max size for cups log Anyone had a similar experience? It feels like someone is messing around with my settings Is there any way to trace how the error occurred? Logs auth.log Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm:session): session opened for user lightdm by (uid=0) Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop lightdm: pam_ck_connector(lightdm:session): nox11 mode, ignoring PAM_TTY :0 Jan 1 02:06:53 peter-desktop lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm:session): session opened for user lightdm by (uid=0) Jan 1 02:06:53 peter-desktop lightdm: pam_ck_connector(lightdm:session): nox11 mode, ignoring PAM_TTY :0 syslog Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="5.8.6" x-pid="903" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] start Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop rsyslogd: rsyslogd's groupid changed to 103 Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop rsyslogd: rsyslogd's userid changed to 101 Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop rsyslogd-2039: Could not open output pipe '/dev/xconsole' [try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2039 ] Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop bluetoothd[898]: Failed to init gatt_example plugin Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop kernel: [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop kernel: [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop kernel: [ 0.000000] Linux version 3.2.0-25-generic-pae (buildd@palmer) (gcc version 4.6.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) ) #40-Ubuntu SMP Wed May 23 22:11:24 UTC 2012 (Ubuntu 3.2.0-25.40-generic-pae 3.2.18) Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop kernel: [ 0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus: Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop kernel: [ 0.000000] Intel GenuineIntel Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop kernel: [ 0.000000] AMD AuthenticAMD Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop kernel: [ 0.000000] NSC Geode by NSC

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  • Postfix rewrite sender: why doesn't this work

    - by Nick Coleman
    I have server A with an IP address only and a dummy FQDN (on the basis all machines should have a FQDN): pants.net.invalid. All mail is relayed through another server elsewhere, which works fine. On server A, Postfix rewrites the sender address with smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic. According to the Rewrite manual at http://www.postfix.org/ADDRESS_REWRITING_README.html#remote, this should rewrite all outgoing external mail's Sender address: $ cat /etc/postfix/generic @pants.net.invalid [email protected] but it does not. postmap -q [email protected] returns nothing. This works: [email protected] [email protected] It seems as though it is doing regex matching even though I specify type hash:. Clearly I am misunderstanding the manual. I don't want to use regex or pcre expressions because there are only a couple of users (root and two others) and I don't want the overhead. I can specify the users exactly and it works. But, I would like to know what I am misunderstanding for future reference. Thanks.

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  • Use DivX settings to encode to mp4 with ffmpeg

    - by sjngm
    I'm used to use VirtualDub to encode a video to AVI container with DivX-codec (and MP3 for audio). Now I'm planning to use ffmpeg to encode videos to MP4 container with h264-codec. What I've figured out is that I need to use libx264 and one of those presets to make anything work. However, I'm amazed about the video bitrate ffmpeg uses for encoding. What I currently have is this little batch file: @ECHO OFF SETLOCAL SET IN=source.avs SET FFMPEG_PATH=C:\Program Files (x86)\ffmpeg SET PRESET=-fpre "%FFMPEG_PATH%\presets\libx264-lossless_slow.ffpreset" SET AUDIO=-acodec libmp3lame -ab 128000 SET VIDEO=-vcodec libx264 -vb 1978000 "%FFMPEG_PATH%\ffmpeg.exe" -i %IN% %AUDIO% %VIDEO% %PRESET% test.mp4 ENDLOCAL With this I tell ffmpeg to use 1978k as the bitrate, but ffmpeg uses 15000k+! I tried other presets, but they don't use my specified bitrate. Here are the presets I have: libx264-baseline.ffpreset libx264-ipod320.ffpreset libx264-ipod640.ffpreset libx264-lossless_fast.ffpreset libx264-lossless_max.ffpreset libx264-lossless_medium.ffpreset libx264-lossless_slow.ffpreset libx264-lossless_slower.ffpreset libx264-lossless_ultrafast.ffpreset ffmpeg version: FFmpeg git-N-29181-ga304071 libavutil 50. 40. 1 / 50. 40. 1 libavcodec 52.120. 0 / 52.120. 0 libavformat 52.108. 0 / 52.108. 0 libavdevice 52. 4. 0 / 52. 4. 0 libavfilter 1. 79. 0 / 1. 79. 0 libswscale 0. 13. 0 / 0. 13. 0 Note that I don't use the latest version as it has problems with spaces in filenames. Here's what seems to be the full parameter list DivX 6.9.2 uses: -bvnn 1978000 -vbv 218691200,100663296,100663296 -dir "C:\Users\sjngm\AppData\Roaming\DivX\DivX Codec" -w -b 1 -use_presets=1 -preset=10 -windowed_fullsearch=2 -thread_delay=1 What command line parameters would that be for ffmpeg? EDIT: Going with slhck's suggestion I tried a new 32-bit version. I have no idea if that is 0.9 or newer, I can't find that info. ffmpeg version N-36890-g67f5650 libavutil 51. 34.100 / 51. 34.100 libavcodec 53. 56.105 / 53. 56.105 libavformat 53. 30.100 / 53. 30.100 libavdevice 53. 4.100 / 53. 4.100 libavfilter 2. 59.100 / 2. 59.100 libswscale 2. 1.100 / 2. 1.100 libswresample 0. 6.100 / 0. 6.100 libpostproc 51. 2.100 / 51. 2.100 I reworked my batch file to look like this (interestingly enough I can't find parameter -vprofile in the documentation): @ECHO OFF SETLOCAL SET IN=VTS_01_1.avs SET FFMPEG_PATH=C:\Program Files (x86)\ffmpeg SET PRESET=-vprofile high -preset veryslow SET AUDIO=-acodec libmp3lame -ab 128000 SET VIDEO=-vcodec libx264 -vb 1978000 "%FFMPEG_PATH%\ffmpeg.exe" -i %IN% %AUDIO% %PRESET% %VIDEO% test.mp4 ENDLOCAL I see that it now uses the bitrate properly (thanks to LongNeckbeard for pointing out that the lossless-stuff ignores the bitrate!). Just in case you wonder how I came up with the 1978000, I'm using this formula which I found valid for DivX-files (I'm guessing the bitrate won't change that much for h264): width * height * 25 * 0.22 / 1000 I'm not sure if the 0.22 correlates with the CRF somehow. Overall I forgot to say the I will use a two-pass scenario, which is why I don't use the CRF here. I will try to read more about this. Currently I'm just trying to get something running that shows me that I'm doing something right (ffmpeg isn't the easiest tool to understand ;)). C:\Program Files (x86)\ffmpeg\ffmpeg.exe" -i VTS_01_1.avs -acodec libmp3lame -ab 128000 -vcodec libx264 -vb 1978000 -vprofile high -preset veryslow test.mp4 The output is now: ffmpeg version N-36890-g67f5650 Copyright (c) 2000-2012 the FFmpeg developers built on Jan 16 2012 21:57:13 with gcc 4.6.2 configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --disable-w32threads --enable-runtime-cpudetect --enable-avisynth --enable-bzlib --enable-frei0r --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libfreetype --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-librtmp --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libvo-aacenc --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libx264 --enable-libxavs --enable-libxvid --enable-zlib libavutil 51. 34.100 / 51. 34.100 libavcodec 53. 56.105 / 53. 56.105 libavformat 53. 30.100 / 53. 30.100 libavdevice 53. 4.100 / 53. 4.100 libavfilter 2. 59.100 / 2. 59.100 libswscale 2. 1.100 / 2. 1.100 libswresample 0. 6.100 / 0. 6.100 libpostproc 51. 2.100 / 51. 2.100 Input #0, avs, from 'VTS_01_1.avs': Duration: 00:58:46.12, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 0 kb/s Stream #0:0: Video: rawvideo (YV12 / 0x32315659), yuv420p, 576x448, 77414 kb/s, 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc Stream #0:1: Audio: pcm_s16le ([1][0][0][0] / 0x0001), 48000 Hz, 2 channels, s16, 1536 kb/s File 'test.mp4' already exists. Overwrite ? [y/N] y w:576 h:448 pixfmt:yuv420p tb:1/1000000 sar:0/1 sws_param: [libx264 @ 05A2C400] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast FastShuffle SSEMisalign LZCNT [libx264 @ 05A2C400] profile High, level 3.1 [libx264 @ 05A2C400] 264 - core 120 r2120 0c7dab9 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2011 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=16 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x133 me=umh subme=10 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=24 chroma_me=1 trellis=2 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=3 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=8 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=2 b_bias=0 direct=3 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=60 rc=abr mbtree=1 bitrate=1978 ratetol=1.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00 Output #0, mp4, to 'test.mp4': Metadata: encoder : Lavf53.30.100 Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (![0][0][0] / 0x0021), yuv420p, 576x448, q=-1--1, 1978 kb/s, 25 tbn, 25 tbc Stream #0:1: Audio: mp3 (i[0][0][0] / 0x0069), 48000 Hz, 2 channels, s16, 128 kb/s Stream mapping: Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (rawvideo -> libx264) Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (pcm_s16le -> libmp3lame) Press [q] to stop, [?] for help frame= 0 fps= 0 q=0.0 size= 0kB time=00:00:00.00 bitrate= 0.0kbits/s frame= 0 fps= 0 q=0.0 size= 0kB time=00:00:00.00 bitrate= 0.0kbits/s frame= 0 fps= 0 q=0.0 size= 0kB time=00:00:00.00 bitrate= 0.0kbits/s frame= 3 fps= 1 q=22.0 size= 39kB time=00:00:00.04 bitrate=8063.8kbits/ frame= 8 fps= 2 q=22.0 size= 82kB time=00:00:00.24 bitrate=2801.3kbits/ frame= 13 fps= 3 q=23.0 size= 120kB time=00:00:00.44 bitrate=2229.5kbits/ frame= 16 fps= 4 q=23.0 size= 147kB time=00:00:00.56 bitrate=2156.7kbits/ frame= 20 fps= 4 q=22.0 size= 175kB time=00:00:00.72 bitrate=1987.4kbits/ : video:4387kB audio:273kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead 0.260038% [libx264 @ 05A2C400] frame I:2 Avg QP:19.53 size: 29850 [libx264 @ 05A2C400] frame P:76 Avg QP:22.24 size: 19541 [libx264 @ 05A2C400] frame B:359 Avg QP:25.93 size: 8210 [libx264 @ 05A2C400] consecutive B-frames: 0.5% 0.5% 0.0% 8.2% 17.2% 52.2% 16.0% 5.5% 0.0% [libx264 @ 05A2C400] mb I I16..4: 5.4% 75.3% 19.3% [libx264 @ 05A2C400] mb P I16..4: 1.3% 16.5% 2.2% P16..4: 36.3% 28.6% 12.7% 1.8% 0.2% skip: 0.4% [libx264 @ 05A2C400] mb B I16..4: 0.4% 3.8% 0.3% B16..8: 40.0% 18.4% 4.7% direct:18.5% skip:13.9% L0:45.4% L1:38.1% BI:16.5% [libx264 @ 05A2C400] final ratefactor: 20.35 [libx264 @ 05A2C400] 8x8 transform intra:83.1% inter:68.5% [libx264 @ 05A2C400] direct mvs spatial:99.2% temporal:0.8% [libx264 @ 05A2C400] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 64.9% 83.4% 49.2% inter: 49.0% 50.4% 4.4% [libx264 @ 05A2C400] i16 v,h,dc,p: 25% 22% 27% 26% [libx264 @ 05A2C400] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 10% 7% 23% 9% 10% 10% 10%10% 13% [libx264 @ 05A2C400] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 12% 11% 13% 9% 12% 11% 10% 9% 12% [libx264 @ 05A2C400] i8c dc,h,v,p: 42% 28% 16% 14% [libx264 @ 05A2C400] Weighted P-Frames: Y:18.4% UV:7.9% [libx264 @ 05A2C400] ref P L0: 29.1% 11.3% 15.7% 7.3% 6.9% 4.9% 5.1% 3.4%3.9% 2.7% 2.8% 1.8% 1.7% 1.2% 1.4% 0.9% [libx264 @ 05A2C400] ref B L0: 68.8% 11.4% 5.5% 2.9% 2.3% 1.9% 1.5% 1.1%1.1% 1.0% 0.9% 0.7% 0.5% 0.3% 0.1% [libx264 @ 05A2C400] ref B L1: 91.9% 8.1% [libx264 @ 05A2C400] kb/s:2055.88 As far as I'm concerned it doesn't look that bad to me.

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  • Dual-booting Ubuntu and Pardus with GRUB2...Pardus no show?

    - by Ibn Ali al-Turki
    Hello all, I have Ubuntu 10.10 installed and used to dual-boot Fedora, but I replaced Fedora with Pardus. After the install, I went into ubuntu, and did a sudo update-grub. It detected my Pardus 2011 install there. When I rebooted, it did not show up in my grub2 menu however. I went back to Ubuntu and did it again...then checked the grub.cfg, and it is not there. I have read that Pardus uses a grub legacy. How can I get Pardus into my grub2 menu? Thanks! sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd9b3496e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 15197 122067968 83 Linux /dev/sda2 36394 60802 196059757 5 Extended /dev/sda3 15197 30394 122067968 83 Linux /dev/sda5 36394 59434 185075308 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda6 59434 60802 10983424 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order and update-grub Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-25-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-25-generic Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin Found Pardus 2011 (2011) on /dev/sda3 Yet after this, I go to grub.cfg, and Pardus is not there.

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  • What kernel modules are required for wi-fi to work?

    - by Leonid Shevtsov
    My custom-built 2.6.32 kernel cannot connect to any WPA-protected network. The kernel includes (probably?) everything that should be needed for wifi, including IPv4 network support (IPv6 is disabled), the ath5k wireless driver (which is used in the generic Ubuntu 2.6.31 kernel) and all crypto APIs. The card is being detected, however, iwlist scan returns wlan0 Failed to read scan data : Network is down and network-manager log says <info> (wlan0): driver supports SSID scans (scan_capa 0x01). <info> (wlan0): new 802.11 WiFi device (driver: 'ath5k') <info> (wlan0): exported as /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/1 <info> (wlan0): now managed <info> (wlan0): device state change: 1 -> 2 (reason 2) <info> (wlan0): bringing up device. <info> (wlan0): preparing device. <info> (wlan0): deactivating device (reason: 2). supplicant_interface_acquire: assertion `mgr_state == NM_SUPPLICANT_MANAGER_STATE_IDLE' failed <info> modem-manager is now available <WARN> default_adapter_cb(): bluez error getting default adapter: The name org.bluez was not provided by any .service files <info> Trying to start the supplicant... <info> (wlan0): supplicant manager state: down -> idle <info> (wlan0): device state change: 2 -> 3 (reason 0) <WARN> nm_supplicant_interface_add_cb(): Unexpected supplicant error getting interface: wpa_supplicant couldn't grab this interface. The exact same configuration works with the generic kernel. Is anything except wifi and crypto api needed for wi-fi to work?

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  • Memory modules not running at rated speeds.

    - by Wesley
    Hi all, I'm having some odd memory issues with my build. Here are my specs right now: QDI Superb 4 motherboard Intel Pentium 4 Northwood 2.4GHz (512KB L2, 533MHz FSB) 3x 256MB PC2100 DDR266 RAM 16MB NVIDIA TNT2 Pro AGP Seagate 80GB IDE HDD Generic USB 2.0 PCI Generic Modem PCI Bestec 250W PSU To be even more specific, here are the current brands and models of each module: Kingston KVR266X64C25/256 Samsung PC2100U-25331-Z SMART SM5643285D4N0CHM0H Supposedly, they are all PC2100 266MHz modules with a latency of 2.5. Looking in Speccy, the Kingston module is somehow running at a speed of PC2300 ~284MHz. I've never overclocked RAM at all as I don't know how to. However, when I first started the computer, I had the SMART module in place first and then reset the BIOS settings, including the integrated overclocking options. However, this still doesn't explain why the Kingston module runs at a higher speed than the SMART and Samsung module. Why is it like this? On a side note, where could I find the motherboard manual for the QDI Superb 4? Thanks in advance.

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  • Sync OneNote Notebooks to/on SkyDrive

    - by Sam
    I've got OneNote running on all computers in our house, using it all the time with several people and computers. The only drawback: I want to keep the copies of OneNote in sync without having to run a dedicated server myself. Right now one of my computers has a folder share, where all others sync to, but this is highly impractical since the computer is not always running. So my question is: is it possible to put the notebook files on a (private) SkyDrive Folder and have all the computers sync to there? This way all computers could keep in sync whenever they got access to the web. Can this be done? and, of course, How? [Update] Maybe I should not have taken knowledge about OneNote as granted: OneNote uses a propietary file format, but has a very good in-file-syncing, working on network shares. Generic 'just sync the complete file' won't be useful at all, because I'd just have 'file has changed on server and on client' conflicts all the time. The sync needs to know OneNote files and be able to sync the content - eg. OneNote itself needs to sync the files, not some generic sync tool.

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  • Postfix: Modify sender address based on recipient

    - by PJ P
    We have a Postfix server that receives mail from our application servers. Senders are in the form [email protected] (where host.fqdn can vary, depending on source server) and recipients can be internal or external users. Messages going to external users should have the sender changed to [email protected]. I have tried using canonical maps, but since that is handled by the cleanup daemon, before any transport decisions are made, it would affect all sender addresses. I have also tried creating a custom smtp transport with generic mappings and configuring transport_maps to use that custom smtp transport for external domains. However, generic mappings affect both sender and recipient addresses. Lastly, I've tried the following: Create a custom smtpd daemon that specifies sender canonical maps and a unique transport table. Send all externally addressed mail to that custom daemon. Ideally, sender canonical maps would transform the sender address and the unique transport table would relay messages to the internet. However, evidently, only one transport table can be used per Postfix instance. I want to avoid creating an entirely new Postfix instance to accommodate this rewriting. Any suggestions? (and thanks in advance)

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  • SQL IO and SAN troubles

    - by James
    We are running two servers with identical software setup but different hardware. The first one is a VM on VMWare on a normal tower server with dual core xeons, 16 GB RAM and a 7200 RPM drive. The second one is a VM on XenServer on a powerful brand new rack server, with 4 core xeons and shared storage. We are running Dynamics AX 2012 and SQL Server 2008 R2. When I insert 15 000 records into a table on the slow tower server (as a test), it does so in 13 seconds. On the fast server it takes 33 seconds. I re-ran these tests several times with the same results. I have a feeling it is some sort of IO bottleneck, so I ran SQLIO on both. Here are the results for the slow tower server: C:\Program Files (x86)\SQLIO>test.bat C:\Program Files (x86)\SQLIO>sqlio -kW -t8 -s120 -o8 -frandom -b8 -BH -LS C:\Tes tFile.dat sqlio v1.5.SG using system counter for latency timings, 14318180 counts per second 8 threads writing for 120 secs to file C:\TestFile.dat using 8KB random IOs enabling multiple I/Os per thread with 8 outstanding buffering set to use hardware disk cache (but not file cache) using current size: 5120 MB for file: C:\TestFile.dat initialization done CUMULATIVE DATA: throughput metrics: IOs/sec: 226.97 MBs/sec: 1.77 latency metrics: Min_Latency(ms): 0 Avg_Latency(ms): 281 Max_Latency(ms): 467 histogram: ms: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24+ %: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 99 C:\Program Files (x86)\SQLIO>sqlio -kR -t8 -s120 -o8 -frandom -b8 -BH -LS C:\Tes tFile.dat sqlio v1.5.SG using system counter for latency timings, 14318180 counts per second 8 threads reading for 120 secs from file C:\TestFile.dat using 8KB random IOs enabling multiple I/Os per thread with 8 outstanding buffering set to use hardware disk cache (but not file cache) using current size: 5120 MB for file: C:\TestFile.dat initialization done CUMULATIVE DATA: throughput metrics: IOs/sec: 91.34 MBs/sec: 0.71 latency metrics: Min_Latency(ms): 14 Avg_Latency(ms): 699 Max_Latency(ms): 1124 histogram: ms: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24+ %: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 C:\Program Files (x86)\SQLIO>sqlio -kW -t8 -s120 -o8 -fsequential -b64 -BH -LS C :\TestFile.dat sqlio v1.5.SG using system counter for latency timings, 14318180 counts per second 8 threads writing for 120 secs to file C:\TestFile.dat using 64KB sequential IOs enabling multiple I/Os per thread with 8 outstanding buffering set to use hardware disk cache (but not file cache) using current size: 5120 MB for file: C:\TestFile.dat initialization done CUMULATIVE DATA: throughput metrics: IOs/sec: 1094.50 MBs/sec: 68.40 latency metrics: Min_Latency(ms): 0 Avg_Latency(ms): 58 Max_Latency(ms): 467 histogram: ms: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24+ %: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 C:\Program Files (x86)\SQLIO>sqlio -kR -t8 -s120 -o8 -fsequential -b64 -BH -LS C :\TestFile.dat sqlio v1.5.SG using system counter for latency timings, 14318180 counts per second 8 threads reading for 120 secs from file C:\TestFile.dat using 64KB sequential IOs enabling multiple I/Os per thread with 8 outstanding buffering set to use hardware disk cache (but not file cache) using current size: 5120 MB for file: C:\TestFile.dat initialization done CUMULATIVE DATA: throughput metrics: IOs/sec: 1155.31 MBs/sec: 72.20 latency metrics: Min_Latency(ms): 17 Avg_Latency(ms): 55 Max_Latency(ms): 205 histogram: ms: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24+ %: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 Here are the results of the fast rack server: C:\Program Files (x86)\SQLIO>test.bat C:\Program Files (x86)\SQLIO>sqlio -kW -t8 -s120 -o8 -frandom -b8 -BH -LS E:\Tes tFile.dat sqlio v1.5.SG using system counter for latency timings, 62500000 counts per second 8 threads writing for 120 secs to file E:\TestFile.dat using 8KB random IOs enabling multiple I/Os per thread with 8 outstanding buffering set to use hardware disk cache (but not file cache) open_file: CreateFile (E:\TestFile.dat for write): The system cannot find the pa th specified. exiting C:\Program Files (x86)\SQLIO>sqlio -kR -t8 -s120 -o8 -frandom -b8 -BH -LS E:\Tes tFile.dat sqlio v1.5.SG using system counter for latency timings, 62500000 counts per second 8 threads reading for 120 secs from file E:\TestFile.dat using 8KB random IOs enabling multiple I/Os per thread with 8 outstanding buffering set to use hardware disk cache (but not file cache) open_file: CreateFile (E:\TestFile.dat for read): The system cannot find the pat h specified. exiting C:\Program Files (x86)\SQLIO>sqlio -kW -t8 -s120 -o8 -fsequential -b64 -BH -LS E :\TestFile.dat sqlio v1.5.SG using system counter for latency timings, 62500000 counts per second 8 threads writing for 120 secs to file E:\TestFile.dat using 64KB sequential IOs enabling multiple I/Os per thread with 8 outstanding buffering set to use hardware disk cache (but not file cache) open_file: CreateFile (E:\TestFile.dat for write): The system cannot find the pa th specified. exiting C:\Program Files (x86)\SQLIO>sqlio -kR -t8 -s120 -o8 -fsequential -b64 -BH -LS E :\TestFile.dat sqlio v1.5.SG using system counter for latency timings, 62500000 counts per second 8 threads reading for 120 secs from file E:\TestFile.dat using 64KB sequential IOs enabling multiple I/Os per thread with 8 outstanding buffering set to use hardware disk cache (but not file cache) open_file: CreateFile (E:\TestFile.dat for read): The system cannot find the pat h specified. exiting C:\Program Files (x86)\SQLIO>test.bat C:\Program Files (x86)\SQLIO>sqlio -kW -t8 -s120 -o8 -frandom -b8 -BH -LS c:\Tes tFile.dat sqlio v1.5.SG using system counter for latency timings, 62500000 counts per second 8 threads writing for 120 secs to file c:\TestFile.dat using 8KB random IOs enabling multiple I/Os per thread with 8 outstanding buffering set to use hardware disk cache (but not file cache) using current size: 5120 MB for file: c:\TestFile.dat initialization done CUMULATIVE DATA: throughput metrics: IOs/sec: 2575.77 MBs/sec: 20.12 latency metrics: Min_Latency(ms): 1 Avg_Latency(ms): 24 Max_Latency(ms): 655 histogram: ms: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24+ %: 0 0 0 5 8 9 9 9 8 5 3 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 C:\Program Files (x86)\SQLIO>sqlio -kR -t8 -s120 -o8 -frandom -b8 -BH -LS c:\Tes tFile.dat sqlio v1.5.SG using system counter for latency timings, 62500000 counts per second 8 threads reading for 120 secs from file c:\TestFile.dat using 8KB random IOs enabling multiple I/Os per thread with 8 outstanding buffering set to use hardware disk cache (but not file cache) using current size: 5120 MB for file: c:\TestFile.dat initialization done CUMULATIVE DATA: throughput metrics: IOs/sec: 1141.39 MBs/sec: 8.91 latency metrics: Min_Latency(ms): 1 Avg_Latency(ms): 55 Max_Latency(ms): 652 histogram: ms: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24+ %: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 91 C:\Program Files (x86)\SQLIO>sqlio -kW -t8 -s120 -o8 -fsequential -b64 -BH -LS c :\TestFile.dat sqlio v1.5.SG using system counter for latency timings, 62500000 counts per second 8 threads writing for 120 secs to file c:\TestFile.dat using 64KB sequential IOs enabling multiple I/Os per thread with 8 outstanding buffering set to use hardware disk cache (but not file cache) using current size: 5120 MB for file: c:\TestFile.dat initialization done CUMULATIVE DATA: throughput metrics: IOs/sec: 341.37 MBs/sec: 21.33 latency metrics: Min_Latency(ms): 5 Avg_Latency(ms): 186 Max_Latency(ms): 120037 histogram: ms: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24+ %: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 C:\Program Files (x86)\SQLIO>sqlio -kR -t8 -s120 -o8 -fsequential -b64 -BH -LS c :\TestFile.dat sqlio v1.5.SG using system counter for latency timings, 62500000 counts per second 8 threads reading for 120 secs from file c:\TestFile.dat using 64KB sequential IOs enabling multiple I/Os per thread with 8 outstanding buffering set to use hardware disk cache (but not file cache) using current size: 5120 MB for file: c:\TestFile.dat initialization done CUMULATIVE DATA: throughput metrics: IOs/sec: 1024.07 MBs/sec: 64.00 latency metrics: Min_Latency(ms): 5 Avg_Latency(ms): 61 Max_Latency(ms): 81632 histogram: ms: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24+ %: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 Three of the four tests are, to my mind, within reasonable parameters for the rack server. However, the 64 write test is incredibly slow on the rack server. (68 mb/sec on the slow tower vs 21 mb/s on the rack). The read speed for 64k also seems slow. Is this enough to say there is some sort of bottleneck with the shared storage? I need to know if I can take this evidence and say we need to launch an investigation into this. Any help is appreciated.

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  • What kernel modules are required for wi-fi to work?

    - by Leonid Shevtsov
    My custom-built 2.6.32 kernel cannot connect to any WPA-protected network. The kernel includes (probably?) everything that should be needed for wifi, including IPv4 network support (IPv6 is disabled), the ath5k wireless driver (which is used in the generic Ubuntu 2.6.31 kernel) and all crypto APIs. The card is being detected, however, iwlist scan returns wlan0 Failed to read scan data : Network is down and network-manager log says <info> (wlan0): driver supports SSID scans (scan_capa 0x01). <info> (wlan0): new 802.11 WiFi device (driver: 'ath5k') <info> (wlan0): exported as /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/1 <info> (wlan0): now managed <info> (wlan0): device state change: 1 -> 2 (reason 2) <info> (wlan0): bringing up device. <info> (wlan0): preparing device. <info> (wlan0): deactivating device (reason: 2). supplicant_interface_acquire: assertion `mgr_state == NM_SUPPLICANT_MANAGER_STATE_IDLE' failed <info> modem-manager is now available <WARN> default_adapter_cb(): bluez error getting default adapter: The name org.bluez was not provided by any .service files <info> Trying to start the supplicant... <info> (wlan0): supplicant manager state: down -> idle <info> (wlan0): device state change: 2 -> 3 (reason 0) <WARN> nm_supplicant_interface_add_cb(): Unexpected supplicant error getting interface: wpa_supplicant couldn't grab this interface. The exact same configuration works with the generic kernel. Is anything except wifi and crypto api needed for wi-fi to work?

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  • Dual-booting Ubuntu and Pardus with GRUB2...Pardus no show?

    - by Ibn Ali al-Turki
    I have Ubuntu 10.10 installed and used to dual-boot Fedora, but I replaced Fedora with Pardus. After the install, I went into ubuntu, and did a sudo update-grub. It detected my Pardus 2011 install there. When I rebooted, it did not show up in my grub2 menu however. I went back to Ubuntu and did it again...then checked the grub.cfg, and it is not there. I have read that Pardus uses a grub legacy. How can I get Pardus into my grub2 menu? Thanks! sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd9b3496e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 15197 122067968 83 Linux /dev/sda2 36394 60802 196059757 5 Extended /dev/sda3 15197 30394 122067968 83 Linux /dev/sda5 36394 59434 185075308 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda6 59434 60802 10983424 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order and update-grub Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-25-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-25-generic Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin Found Pardus 2011 (2011) on /dev/sda3 Yet after this, I go to grub.cfg, and Pardus is not there.

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  • SASL - Plaintext password not accepted - Encrypted works

    - by leviathanus
    I have a very strange issue! SASL does not work properly, as it does not accept plain-text passwords (like Outlook sends them) Oct 2 10:35:09 srf cyrus/imap[4119]: accepted connection Oct 2 10:35:09 srf cyrus/imap[4119]: badlogin: [217.XX.XXX.140] plaintext [email protected] SASL(-1): generic failure: checkpass failed Now I switch to "Encrypted password" in Thunderbird. I have the same issue as Outlook above on Thunderbird if I turn on "Plain Password"): Oct 2 10:40:40 srf cyrus/imap[14644]: accepted connection Oct 2 10:40:41 srf cyrus/imap[14622]: login: [217.XX.XXX.140] [email protected] CRAM-MD5 User logged in Same with Postfix: Without Oct 2 10:42:48 srf postfix/smtpd[17980]: connect from unknown[217.XX.XXX.140] Oct 2 10:42:48 srf postfix/smtpd[17980]: warning: SASL authentication failure: cannot connect to saslauthd server: Permission denied Oct 2 10:42:48 srf postfix/smtpd[17980]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Oct 2 10:42:48 srf postfix/smtpd[17980]: warning: unknown[217.XX.XXX.140]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: generic failure With "Encrypted password": Oct 2 10:45:27 srf postfix/smtpd[21872]: connect from unknown[217.XX.XXX.140] Oct 2 10:45:28 srf postfix/smtpd[21872]: 50B3A332AAB: client=unknown[217.XX.XXX.140], sasl_method=CRAM-MD5, [email protected] Oct 2 10:45:28 srf postfix/cleanup[21899]: 50B3A332AAB: message-id=<[email protected]> Oct 2 10:45:28 srf postfix/qmgr[6181]: 50B3A332AAB: from=<[email protected]>, size=398, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Oct 2 10:45:28 srf postfix/smtpd[21872]: disconnect from unknown[217.XX.XXX.140] Config: /etc/imapd.conf:sasl_mech_list:LOGIN PLAIN CRAM-MD5 and /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf:mech_list: LOGIN PLAIN CRAM-MD5 I have no idea where to dig. Please advise.

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  • In Icinga (Nagios), how do I configure hosts with multiple IPs?

    - by gertvdijk
    I'm setting up Icinga (Nagios fork) and I have some machines with multiple interfaces. Some services are only listening on one of them and to check them correctly, I like to know if it's possible to have multiple IP addresses configured for a single host in Icinga. Here's a minimal example: Remote Server: eth0: 1.2.3.4 (public IP) eth1: 10.1.2.3 (private IP, secure tunnel) Apache listening on 1.2.3.4:80. (public only) OpenSSH listening on 10.1.2.3:22. (internal network only) Postfix SMTP listening on 0.0.0.0:25 (all interfaces) Icinga Server: eth0: 10.2.3.4 (private IP, internet access) Now if I define a host: define host { use generic-host host_name server1 alias server1.gertvandijk.net address 10.1.2.3 } This will not check the HTTP status correctly. And defining an additional host: define host { use generic-host host_name server1-public alias server1.gertvandijk.net address 1.2.3.4 } will check everything, but shows up as two independent hosts. Now I want to 'aggregate' these two hosts to show up as a single host, yet providing an easy configuration to check the services on their proper address. What is the most elegant number-of-configuration-lines-saving solution to this? I read about several plugins available to workaround this, but I can't figure out what is the current way to address it. Solutions go back to 2003, but I'm running Icinga 1.7.1, already capable of the address6 option, yet that triggers IPv6-only resolving on the hostname... Ideally, I wish to configure Icinga to be intelligent enough to know that the Postfix instance running on 10.1.2.3:25 is the same as 1.2.3.4:25 and thus not triggering two alarms. I guess this must have been tackled before and sysadmins have it set up now. Please share your solution to this. Thanks! :)

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  • Retrieve a user's Exchange database in powershell

    - by Paul
    Hey Everyone, I've scoured the interwebs for a few days now off and on to find this. I am creating a powershell script for email-enabling new user's(Exchange 2007). To give you a little background when we have a new hire, their AD account is created at our off-site helpdesk, but they don't create their email account. I'm trying to automate the process of mail-enabling the user which involves putting them in the same database as an existing user, disable imap pop activesync, and lastly email the requester of the ticket. I would like to just get prompted for the New User's name, User to Replicate(mailbox, storage group, database), and the person to email after it's been created. So if someone could just help with a command to Retrieve a user's Exchange database in powershell that would be great, but if people also want to help with my hacked up script please do so as well!!! Here is what I have so far: Write-output “ENTER THE FOLLOWING DETAILS” $DName = Read-Host “User Diplay Name" $RUser = Read-Host "Replicate User(Database Grab)" ***$RData = #get the Replicate user's mailbox database here*** $REmail = #either just use a Read-Host “Requester's Email address" or ask for Requester's name and pipe through their email address by digging for it w/ powershell Enable-Mailbox -Identity "$DName" -Database "$RData" Send-MailMessage -From "John Doe <[email protected]>" -To (put $REmail here which is the Requester's email) -Subject "Test Person's email account" -Body "Test Person's email account has been setup.`n`n`nJohn Doe`nGeneric Company`nSystems Administrator`nOffice: 123.456.7890`[email protected]" -SmtpServer genericexchange.exchange.com

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  • Exchange 2003: Accounts with only OWA access unable to change passwords when expired or forced

    - by radioactive21
    We have accounts whith only OWA access, because they are generic accounts and we do not want the accounts to be used as machine logins. We have a password policy that users must change their passwords every 6 months. The problem we are having is that since the accounts are not loging into the machines, when the password policy kicks in it is preventing users with OWA only access from changing their password. Also, when we select "User must change the password at next logon" it also causes the same issue. We have two exchange servers the main one and a front end one. what we have been doing with these generic account is in properties, under the "account" tab we restricted "log on to" to the front end server. Just to clarify, when we have no restrictions, users can change their passwords via the web without any issues. It is only when we force them to only login via OWA that they cant change passwords. I tried adding our domain controler and main exchange server to the "This user can log on to The following computers" in the account tab, but still it is not allowing them to change passwords. Currently I have to manually reset the passwords for OWA only accounts. Is there anyway to allow OWA acconts to change passwords? EDIT: Users restricted to only OWA can change their password via the web browser without any issues when there are no restrictions. In other words normally they can just log into outlook via the web and change their password, but when the password policy expires or we force them to change their password at next login, they are unable to.

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  • Windows 7 32bit resolution is limited for HDTV monitor

    - by Nick
    I have a small Magnavox HDTV that i am using to test a Frankenstein PC build. The goal is to eventually connect to my old rear projection HDTV which supports 1080i via component input. The goal is also not to buy anymore stuff, otherwise i will just buy a smartTV and be done. I have a ATI Radeon HD 3450 with component out adapter YPrPb. The monitor supports 1080p, but over analog component out, should only go upto 1080i. I have had this working with another setup. On this particular setup, i have Windows 7 32bit, with the latest 12.8 catalyst drivers installed. the windows splash screen starts in 480p, then switches to 480i when the login prompt is shown. When try to change the resolution, 720x480 is the maximum value of the slider. I have also tried the "list all modes" and that also maxes out at 720x480. There are two options for this monitor in the devices seciton, Generic PNP monitor, and Generic non-PNP monitor. Neither setting fixes this. Any ideas on how to get 1080i?

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  • Better urls for this internal web server?

    - by sprugman
    I've got a server that I have admin access to, but don't fully manage. (I think it's a virtual machine, but I'm not 100% sure. It's running Apache on Windows Server 2003.) I share the ip with another user, so my sites all have to use the :8080 port. This is kind of ugly. Also, AFAIK, the only access I have is through an ip address. (I'm inside a corporate firewall and don't think I have access to a DNS server or anything.) I've adjusted my hosts file so I don't have to use the ip address on my local machine, but that's not a very generic solution. Are there any options to 1) get rid of the port requirement 2) be able to use a name (maybe a machine name) instead of the ip address in a generic way? (I'm not really a network admin -- I'm a developer managing this machine. The IT folks who really manage it are a few people away from me and tough to get to do anything, so I'm looking for a light-weight solution if possible.)

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  • Behind ASP.NET MVC Mock Objects

    - by imran_ku07
       Introduction:           I think this sentence now become very familiar to ASP.NET MVC developers that "ASP.NET MVC is designed with testability in mind". But what ASP.NET MVC team did for making applications build with ASP.NET MVC become easily testable? Understanding this is also very important because it gives you some help when designing custom classes. So in this article i will discuss some abstract classes provided by ASP.NET MVC team for the various ASP.NET intrinsic objects, including HttpContext, HttpRequest, and HttpResponse for making these objects as testable. I will also discuss that why it is hard and difficult to test ASP.NET Web Forms.      Description:           Starting from Classic ASP to ASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET Intrinsic objects is extensively used in all form of web application. They provide information about Request, Response, Server, Application and so on. But ASP.NET MVC uses these intrinsic objects in some abstract manner. The reason for this abstraction is to make your application testable. So let see the abstraction.           As we know that ASP.NET MVC uses the same runtime engine as ASP.NET Web Form uses, therefore the first receiver of the request after IIS and aspnet_filter.dll is aspnet_isapi.dll. This will start the application domain. With the application domain up and running, ASP.NET does some initialization and after some initialization it will call Application_Start if it is defined. Then the normal HTTP pipeline event handlers will be executed including both HTTP Modules and global.asax event handlers. One of the HTTP Module is registered by ASP.NET MVC is UrlRoutingModule. The purpose of this module is to match a route defined in global.asax. Every matched route must have IRouteHandler. In default case this is MvcRouteHandler which is responsible for determining the HTTP Handler which returns MvcHandler (which is derived from IHttpHandler). In simple words, Route has MvcRouteHandler which returns MvcHandler which is the IHttpHandler of current request. In between HTTP pipeline events the handler of ASP.NET MVC, MvcHandler.ProcessRequest will be executed and shown as given below,          void IHttpHandler.ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)          {                    this.ProcessRequest(context);          }          protected virtual void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)          {                    // HttpContextWrapper inherits from HttpContextBase                    HttpContextBase ctxBase = new HttpContextWrapper(context);                    this.ProcessRequest(ctxBase);          }          protected internal virtual void ProcessRequest(HttpContextBase ctxBase)          {                    . . .          }             HttpContextBase is the base class. HttpContextWrapper inherits from HttpContextBase, which is the parent class that include information about a single HTTP request. This is what ASP.NET MVC team did, just wrap old instrinsic HttpContext into HttpContextWrapper object and provide opportunity for other framework to provide their own implementation of HttpContextBase. For example           public class MockHttpContext : HttpContextBase          {                    . . .          }                     As you can see, it is very easy to create your own HttpContext. That's what did the third party mock frameworks like TypeMock, Moq, RhinoMocks, or NMock2 to provide their own implementation of ASP.NET instrinsic objects classes.           The key point to note here is the types of ASP.NET instrinsic objects. In ASP.NET Web Form and ASP.NET MVC. For example in ASP.NET Web Form the type of Request object is HttpRequest (which is sealed) and in ASP.NET MVC the type of Request object is HttpRequestBase. This is one of the reason that makes test in ASP.NET WebForm is difficult. because their is no base class and the HttpRequest class is sealed, therefore it cannot act as a base class to others. On the other side ASP.NET MVC always uses a base class to give a chance to third parties and unit test frameworks to create thier own implementation ASP.NET instrinsic object.           Therefore we can say that in ASP.NET MVC, instrinsic objects are of type base classes (for example HttpContextBase) .Actually these base classes had it's own implementation of same interface as the intrinsic objects it abstracts. It includes only virtual members which simply throws an exception. ASP.NET MVC also provides the corresponding wrapper classes (for example, HttpRequestWrapper) which provides a concrete implementation of the base classes in the form of ASP.NET intrinsic object. Other wrapper classes may be defined by third parties in the form of a mock object for testing purpose.           So we can say that a Request object in ASP.NET MVC may be HttpRequestWrapper or may be MockRequestWrapper(assuming that MockRequestWrapper class is used for testing purpose). Here is list of ASP.NET instrinsic and their implementation in ASP.NET MVC in the form of base and wrapper classes. Base Class Wrapper Class ASP.NET Intrinsic Object Description HttpApplicationStateBase HttpApplicationStateWrapper Application HttpApplicationStateBase abstracts the intrinsic Application object HttpBrowserCapabilitiesBase HttpBrowserCapabilitiesWrapper HttpBrowserCapabilities HttpBrowserCapabilitiesBase abstracts the HttpBrowserCapabilities class HttpCachePolicyBase HttpCachePolicyWrapper HttpCachePolicy HttpCachePolicyBase abstracts the HttpCachePolicy class HttpContextBase HttpContextWrapper HttpContext HttpContextBase abstracts the intrinsic HttpContext object HttpFileCollectionBase HttpFileCollectionWrapper HttpFileCollection HttpFileCollectionBase abstracts the HttpFileCollection class HttpPostedFileBase HttpPostedFileWrapper HttpPostedFile HttpPostedFileBase abstracts the HttpPostedFile class HttpRequestBase HttpRequestWrapper Request HttpRequestBase abstracts the intrinsic Request object HttpResponseBase HttpResponseWrapper Response HttpResponseBase abstracts the intrinsic Response object HttpServerUtilityBase HttpServerUtilityWrapper Server HttpServerUtilityBase abstracts the intrinsic Server object HttpSessionStateBase HttpSessionStateWrapper Session HttpSessionStateBase abstracts the intrinsic Session object HttpStaticObjectsCollectionBase HttpStaticObjectsCollectionWrapper HttpStaticObjectsCollection HttpStaticObjectsCollectionBase abstracts the HttpStaticObjectsCollection class      Summary:           ASP.NET MVC provides a set of abstract classes for ASP.NET instrinsic objects in the form of base classes, allowing someone to create their own implementation. In addition, ASP.NET MVC also provide set of concrete classes in the form of wrapper classes. This design really makes application easier to test and even application may replace concrete implementation with thier own implementation, which makes ASP.NET MVC very flexable.

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  • XSL testing empty strings with <xsl:if> and sorting

    - by AdRock
    I am having trouble with a template that has to check 3 different nodes and if they are not empty, print the data I am using for each node then doing the output but it is not printing anything. It is like the test returns zero. I have selected the parent node of each node i want to check the length on as the template match but it still doesn't work. Another thing, how do i sort the list using . I tried using this but i get an error about loading the stylesheet. If i take out the sort it works <xsl:template match="folktask/member"> <xsl:if test="user/account/userlevel='3'"> <xsl:sort select="festival/event/datefrom"/> <div class="userdiv"> <xsl:apply-templates select="user"/> <xsl:apply-templates select="festival"/> </div> </xsl:if> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="festival"> <xsl:apply-templates select="contact"/> </xsl:template> This should hopefully finish all my stylesheets. This is the template I am calling <xsl:template match="contact"> <xsl:if test="string-length(contelephone)!=0"> <div class="small bold">TELEPHONE:</div> <div class="large"> <xsl:value-of select="contelephone/." /> </div> </xsl:if> <xsl:if test="string-length(conmobile)!=0"> <div class="small bold">MOBILE:</div> <div class="large"> <xsl:value-of select="conmobile/." /> </div> </xsl:if> <xsl:if test="string-length(fax)!=0"> <div class="small bold">FAX:</div> <div class="large"> <xsl:value-of select="fax/." /> </div> </xsl:if> </xsl:template> and a section of my xml. If you need me to edit my post so you can see the full code i will but the rest works fine. <folktask> <member> <user id="4"> <personal> <name>Connor Lawson</name> <sex>Male</sex> <address1>12 Ash Way</address1> <address2></address2> <city>Swindon</city> <county>Wiltshire</county> <postcode>SN3 6GS</postcode> <telephone>01791928119</telephone> <mobile>07338695664</mobile> <email>[email protected]</email> </personal> <account> <username>iTuneStinker</username> <password>3a1f5fda21a07bfff20c41272bae7192</password> <userlevel>3</userlevel> <signupdate>2010-03-26T09:23:50</signupdate> </account> </user> <festival id="1"> <event> <eventname>Oxford Folk Festival</eventname> <url>http://www.oxfordfolkfestival.com/</url> <datefrom>2010-04-07</datefrom> <dateto>2010-04-09</dateto> <location>Oxford</location> <eventpostcode>OX1 9BE</eventpostcode> <coords> <lat>51.735640</lat> <lng>-1.276136</lng> </coords> </event> <contact> <conname>Stuart Vincent</conname> <conaddress1>P.O. Box 642</conaddress1> <conaddress2></conaddress2> <concity>Oxford</concity> <concounty>Bedfordshire</concounty> <conpostcode>OX1 3BY</conpostcode> <contelephone>01865 79073</contelephone> <conmobile></conmobile> <fax></fax> <conemail>[email protected]</conemail> </contact> </festival> </member> </folktask>

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  • OFM 11g: OAM SSO for Forms and ADF Faces

    - by olaf.heimburger
    In my blog entry OFM 11g: Implementing OAM SSO with Forms we set the foundation for providing a complete Single Sign-On solution based on Oracle Access Manager (OAM). This foundation should now be used to combine Forms 11g and ADF Faces 11g applications with a transparent login. The Beginning Before we start, lets re-consider the requirements to achieve the ultimate goal. These are:- Access to the Forms 11g Application must be authenticated by OAM (protected). Access to the ADF Faces 11g Application must be authenticated by OAM (protected). Switching from one application to the other should not result in a re-authentication (aka single sign-on). User identity should be availble to the application without any extra work in the application code. All these are the common requirements for a single sign-on solution. The challenge here is that Forms relies on Oracle AS SSO (OSSO or "the old SSO") while ADF Faces is quite open and can be protected by Oracle AS SSO and Oracle Access Manager SSO (OAM SSO or "the modern SSO"). Both application types can use their own login mechanism. The Forms 11g Application To demonstrate the SSO functionality, we use the standard Forms test (/forms/frmservlet?form=test.fmx). Although this shows nothing specific in the Forms application, it is good enough to demonstrate that it is protected. The ADF Faces 11g Application With ADF 11g you can develop quite a number of useful Faces based applications. Among many features, it comes with the ADF Security feature that provides you with functionality to protect your pages, regions, and even TaskFlows from un-authenticated usage in a declarative way.To demonstrate that functionality a sample application with different access levels plus a login dialog is used. This application comes with a publc page that has protected content (a button). Once you are authenticated for the application, the protected content and some personalisation (the users name) is shown. Protecting Forms 11g As already explained in the OFM 11g: Implementing OAM SSO with Forms, the easiest way to protect a Forms application is to configure it as a OSSO partner application, setup mod_osso, test it, migrate OSSO to OAM SSO with the Upgrade Agent, reconfigure mod_osso, and you are done.Sort of. By default the OAM is configured to run in co-exist mode. This means that a user has to re-authenticate to the Forms application when logged into an OAM SSO application before. To avoid this, you must disable the co-exist mode, for example by using WLST and issue the disableCoexistMode on the OAM server. Protecting ADF Faces 11g To protect an ADF Faces 11g application we have to consider two scenarios: Use a HTTPD server in front of WLS Use WLS without a HTTPD server Both scenarios have their pro's and cons' and we won't get into details and just describe how to configure both. Scenario 1: HTTPD Server with WLS In this scenario we have to setup the environment in some steps:- Configure a WebGate at OAMThis configuration can be done through the OAM console or by a script. No matter which way you choose, the WebGate configuration files will be created for you. Install the OAM WebGate into an HTTPD serverThe type of webgate you need to install depends on you HTTPD server. With Oracle HTTP Server 11g you can use the latest OAM 11g WebGate. With other HTTPD servers you must resort to OAM 10g WebGates. A OAM 11g WebGate can use the pre-created configuration files supplied during the WebGate configuration at OAM. An OAM 10g WebGate asks for the specific configuration and verifies it during installation. Configure the WLS plugin to forward the requests to WLSAgain, depending on your HTTPD Server you have different plugins to forward requests to WLS. With OHS 11g you can use the pre-installed mod_wl_ohs plugin. Its configuration is quite simple and straightforward. Configure an OAM SSPI Provider as a IdentityAsserter in WLS to retrieve the user identifierThis configuration is quite important as it retrieves the user identifier for the next step. If you have a SOA Suite installation within your OFM_HOME, the necessary software is already installed and you only need to setup your Security Realm within WLS.You can do this by pointing your browser to the WLS Console, log in as administrator, select the Security Realm (usually myrealm), and select Providers. We add the OAMIdentityAsserter as the first SSPI Provider. It is important that the Control Flag is set to SUFFICIENT. Every other configuration can be left as is, no changes are necessary here. Configure an OAM Identity Provider to get the real user identityIn OFM 11g: Implementing OAM SSO with Forms we have configured an OID as Identity Store. To get the user identity we need to configure the same OID as an SSPI Provider for WLS. This will retrieve the real user information from OID and creates the JAAS Subject and Principals to be used by any application within WLS.Again, you can do this by pointing your browser to the WLS Console, log in as administrator, select the Security Realm (usually myrealm), and select Providers. Now add the OIDAuthenticator as the second SSPI Provider. It is important that the Control Flag is set to OPTIONAL. After we saved this setup, we need to configure this provider by setting the Provider Specific details to access OID. Scenario 2: WLS only This scenario is a bit easier but requires more work in the WLS setup:- Configure a WebGate at OAMThis configuration can be done through the OAM console or by a script. No matter which way you choose, the WebGate configuration files will be created for you. Configure the OAM SSPI Provider as IdentityAuthenticator to authenticate and set the user identifierWhen using the OAM SSPI Provider as OAMAuthenticator we create it with the Control Flag as SUFFICIENT. Afte saving it, the Provider Specific settings must be configured to allow the OAM SSPI Provider to connect to the OAM Server. Configure an OAM Identity Provider to get the real user identity providerAgain, you can do this by pointing your browser to the WLS Console, log in as administrator, select the Security Realm (usually myrealm), and select Providers. Now add the OIDAuthenticator as the second SSPI Provider. It is important that the Control Flag is set to OPTIONAL. After we saved this setup, we need to configure this provider by setting the Provider Specific details to access OID. Configure ADF 11g Application for OAM Actually, there are no changes to be made within the ADF application. We only need to add the value CLIENT_CERT to the <auth-mode> tag in the <login-config> tag in the web.xml file. Testing To test the configuration, simply point your browser to one of both appliction URLs. OAM should kick in and redirect you to the OAM Login page. After you have entered the correct credentials, access to the URLs is granted and you will see the application. Enjoy!

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  • What does a Software Developer actually do?

    - by chobo2
    Hi I am graduating from my Computer Science degree in a few weeks from now!! I started to look for my first job. For the last couple years I gotten really into web programming(Asp.net). My first choice would be to get a junior asp.net MVC developer but I don't any companies in my area use MVC yet or if they do they are not hiring. So my second choice would be a junior asp.net Webforms developer. My other choices after that would be forms applications, mobile applications using .Net and C#. As you can see I am looking for something with .Net. I spent the last couple years doing .Net projects for school, on my free time and love the Language and it would pain me right now to switch to something like php. So now I found a posting in my area for an Entry Software Developer. I like the fact that they are using .net and that it is entry job(I never worked in this industry and never had more then like a tutoring job so I want to for like intermediate jobs). Posting Are you looking for an exciting challenge within a dynamic, people-oriented culture where you can launch your technical career? Company Name Inc. is a technology consulting company, located in Canada, that designs, develops, and delivers real-time interactive applications accessed via the Internet as well as back-end tools to support these applications. Company Name provides a combination of out-of-the-box and customized solutions to an expanding list of partners and customers. POSITION SUMMARY As a member of our team, the successful candidate will be responsible for helping us increase the quality and stability of our software systems by working jointly and directly with both the Software Development teams and the QA Team. The primary mission of this role will be to substantially enhance our test automation suite. The incumbent will design and program automated tests (unit, integration, system, stress and load) in Visual Studio using C# and will develop sound processes that help us identify and resolve defects as early as possible. The successful incumbent will help us improve and enhance system functionality, reliability, performance and scalability. This role is specifically designed for an eager, bright, new graduate who is looking for a stepping stone into a software engineering role. We promote from within and invite new graduates to apply for this important position - which may lead to new opportunities. We also offer a generous professional development plan to help you on your way. You will be a key part of a team of experts that is responsible for improving the quality of our software by: • Designing, writing, and executing test plans and programmatic tests in Visual Studio using C# and NUnit for functional testing of our code, new features, regression, and performance test procedures. • Working with the engineers to design and build the stress and load testing framework which emulates tens and even hundreds of thousands of concurrent users via a distributed network interfacing with our Load Testing Lab. • Interfacing with both the Development Team and the QA Team to ensure risks are identified and managed. • Mentoring and leading the QA Team in programmatic test automation technologies and tools. MUST HAVE SKILLS / QUALIFICATIONS: • Diploma or higher Degree in Computer Science, or equivalent formal training. • Fundamental C# programming skills. • Knowledge of Internet technologies and Microsoft Windows platforms. • Knowledge of PC hardware. • Excellent communication skills (both oral and written). • Self-starter who takes initiative, requires minimal supervision, can handle multiple simultaneous tasks. • Detail-oriented, able to concentrate, and work quickly. • Proven diagnostic, analytical, and problem solving skills. NICE TO HAVE SKILLS: • Exposure to Visual Studio Team System or Visual Studio Test Edition. • Exposure in C# using NUnit. • Exposure to NUnit, HTTPUnit, and other automation tool suites. • Exposure to Performance/Stress/Load Testing. • Good understanding of relational databases (MS SQL Server). • Familiar with video and online multi-player games. As part of our team you will have the opportunity to work with a supportive team of experts, drive your own success, and ride the wave as we continually expand our team of experts. If you are interested in this opportunity, please send your resume to [email protected] with “Entry Level Software Developer” in the subject line. So that is the posting. To me it sounds like it is QA job. I don't have anything against QA jobs but alot of them seems to be your just clicking buttons and running scripts. Is this what a typical software developer does? Like I am so on the fence to apply for this job. On one side I am not sure how much programming I would be doing. Like I want to be at least half the time programming otherwise my skills will never improve since I will never be programming in teams and stuff. At the same time I have no experience in the industry so on the other side I am thinking just go for it and then maybe a year later try to get a full programming job(provided that I got the job). Yet if I am not programming in that job then that experience will not help me for the next job I find as I will be back a square one.

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  • Installing a DHCP Service On Win2k8 ( Windows Server 2008 )

    - by Akshay Deep Lamba
    Introduction Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a core infrastructure service on any network that provides IP addressing and DNS server information to PC clients and any other device. DHCP is used so that you do not have to statically assign IP addresses to every device on your network and manage the issues that static IP addressing can create. More and more, DHCP is being expanded to fit into new network services like the Windows Health Service and Network Access Protection (NAP). However, before you can use it for more advanced services, you need to first install it and configure the basics. Let’s learn how to do that. Installing Windows Server 2008 DHCP Server Installing Windows Server 2008 DCHP Server is easy. DHCP Server is now a “role” of Windows Server 2008 – not a windows component as it was in the past. To do this, you will need a Windows Server 2008 system already installed and configured with a static IP address. You will need to know your network’s IP address range, the range of IP addresses you will want to hand out to your PC clients, your DNS server IP addresses, and your default gateway. Additionally, you will want to have a plan for all subnets involved, what scopes you will want to define, and what exclusions you will want to create. To start the DHCP installation process, you can click Add Roles from the Initial Configuration Tasks window or from Server Manager à Roles à Add Roles. Figure 1: Adding a new Role in Windows Server 2008 When the Add Roles Wizard comes up, you can click Next on that screen. Next, select that you want to add the DHCP Server Role, and click Next. Figure 2: Selecting the DHCP Server Role If you do not have a static IP address assigned on your server, you will get a warning that you should not install DHCP with a dynamic IP address. At this point, you will begin being prompted for IP network information, scope information, and DNS information. If you only want to install DHCP server with no configured scopes or settings, you can just click Next through these questions and proceed with the installation. On the other hand, you can optionally configure your DHCP Server during this part of the installation. In my case, I chose to take this opportunity to configure some basic IP settings and configure my first DHCP Scope. I was shown my network connection binding and asked to verify it, like this: Figure 3: Network connection binding What the wizard is asking is, “what interface do you want to provide DHCP services on?” I took the default and clicked Next. Next, I entered my Parent Domain, Primary DNS Server, and Alternate DNS Server (as you see below) and clicked Next. Figure 4: Entering domain and DNS information I opted NOT to use WINS on my network and I clicked Next. Then, I was promoted to configure a DHCP scope for the new DHCP Server. I have opted to configure an IP address range of 192.168.1.50-100 to cover the 25+ PC Clients on my local network. To do this, I clicked Add to add a new scope. As you see below, I named the Scope WBC-Local, configured the starting and ending IP addresses of 192.168.1.50-192.168.1.100, subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, default gateway of 192.168.1.1, type of subnet (wired), and activated the scope. Figure 5: Adding a new DHCP Scope Back in the Add Scope screen, I clicked Next to add the new scope (once the DHCP Server is installed). I chose to Disable DHCPv6 stateless mode for this server and clicked Next. Then, I confirmed my DHCP Installation Selections (on the screen below) and clicked Install. Figure 6: Confirm Installation Selections After only a few seconds, the DHCP Server was installed and I saw the window, below: Figure 7: Windows Server 2008 DHCP Server Installation succeeded I clicked Close to close the installer window, then moved on to how to manage my new DHCP Server. How to Manage your new Windows Server 2008 DHCP Server Like the installation, managing Windows Server 2008 DHCP Server is also easy. Back in my Windows Server 2008 Server Manager, under Roles, I clicked on the new DHCP Server entry. Figure 8: DHCP Server management in Server Manager While I cannot manage the DHCP Server scopes and clients from here, what I can do is to manage what events, services, and resources are related to the DHCP Server installation. Thus, this is a good place to go to check the status of the DHCP Server and what events have happened around it. However, to really configure the DHCP Server and see what clients have obtained IP addresses, I need to go to the DHCP Server MMC. To do this, I went to Start à Administrative Tools à DHCP Server, like this: Figure 9: Starting the DHCP Server MMC When expanded out, the MMC offers a lot of features. Here is what it looks like: Figure 10: The Windows Server 2008 DHCP Server MMC The DHCP Server MMC offers IPv4 & IPv6 DHCP Server info including all scopes, pools, leases, reservations, scope options, and server options. If I go into the address pool and the scope options, I can see that the configuration we made when we installed the DHCP Server did, indeed, work. The scope IP address range is there, and so are the DNS Server & default gateway. Figure 11: DHCP Server Address Pool Figure 12: DHCP Server Scope Options So how do we know that this really works if we do not test it? The answer is that we do not. Now, let’s test to make sure it works. How do we test our Windows Server 2008 DHCP Server? To test this, I have a Windows Vista PC Client on the same network segment as the Windows Server 2008 DHCP server. To be safe, I have no other devices on this network segment. I did an IPCONFIG /RELEASE then an IPCONFIG /RENEW and verified that I received an IP address from the new DHCP server, as you can see below: Figure 13: Vista client received IP address from new DHCP Server Also, I went to my Windows 2008 Server and verified that the new Vista client was listed as a client on the DHCP server. This did indeed check out, as you can see below: Figure 14: Win 2008 DHCP Server has the Vista client listed under Address Leases With that, I knew that I had a working configuration and we are done!

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  • C#: Does an IDisposable in a Halted Iterator Dispose?

    - by James Michael Hare
    If that sounds confusing, let me give you an example. Let's say you expose a method to read a database of products, and instead of returning a List<Product> you return an IEnumerable<Product> in iterator form (yield return). This accomplishes several good things: The IDataReader is not passed out of the Data Access Layer which prevents abstraction leak and resource leak potentials. You don't need to construct a full List<Product> in memory (which could be very big) if you just want to forward iterate once. If you only want to consume up to a certain point in the list, you won't incur the database cost of looking up the other items. This could give us an example like: 1: // a sample data access object class to do standard CRUD operations. 2: public class ProductDao 3: { 4: private DbProviderFactory _factory = SqlClientFactory.Instance 5:  6: // a method that would retrieve all available products 7: public IEnumerable<Product> GetAvailableProducts() 8: { 9: // must create the connection 10: using (var con = _factory.CreateConnection()) 11: { 12: con.ConnectionString = _productsConnectionString; 13: con.Open(); 14:  15: // create the command 16: using (var cmd = _factory.CreateCommand()) 17: { 18: cmd.Connection = con; 19: cmd.CommandText = _getAllProductsStoredProc; 20: cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; 21:  22: // get a reader and pass back all results 23: using (var reader = cmd.ExecuteReader()) 24: { 25: while(reader.Read()) 26: { 27: yield return new Product 28: { 29: Name = reader["product_name"].ToString(), 30: ... 31: }; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36: } 37: } The database details themselves are irrelevant. I will say, though, that I'm a big fan of using the System.Data.Common classes instead of your provider specific counterparts directly (SqlCommand, OracleCommand, etc). This lets you mock your data sources easily in unit testing and also allows you to swap out your provider in one line of code. In fact, one of the shared components I'm most proud of implementing was our group's DatabaseUtility library that simplifies all the database access above into one line of code in a thread-safe and provider-neutral way. I went with my own flavor instead of the EL due to the fact I didn't want to force internal company consumers to use the EL if they didn't want to, and it made it easy to allow them to mock their database for unit testing by providing a MockCommand, MockConnection, etc that followed the System.Data.Common model. One of these days I'll blog on that if anyone's interested. Regardless, you often have situations like the above where you are consuming and iterating through a resource that must be closed once you are finished iterating. For the reasons stated above, I didn't want to return IDataReader (that would force them to remember to Dispose it), and I didn't want to return List<Product> (that would force them to hold all products in memory) -- but the first time I wrote this, I was worried. What if you never consume the last item and exit the loop? Are the reader, command, and connection all disposed correctly? Of course, I was 99.999999% sure the creators of C# had already thought of this and taken care of it, but inspection in Reflector was difficult due to the nature of the state machines yield return generates, so I decided to try a quick example program to verify whether or not Dispose() will be called when an iterator is broken from outside the iterator itself -- i.e. before the iterator reports there are no more items. So I wrote a quick Sequencer class with a Dispose() method and an iterator for it. Yes, it is COMPLETELY contrived: 1: // A disposable sequence of int -- yes this is completely contrived... 2: internal class Sequencer : IDisposable 3: { 4: private int _i = 0; 5: private readonly object _mutex = new object(); 6:  7: // Constructs an int sequence. 8: public Sequencer(int start) 9: { 10: _i = start; 11: } 12:  13: // Gets the next integer 14: public int GetNext() 15: { 16: lock (_mutex) 17: { 18: return _i++; 19: } 20: } 21:  22: // Dispose the sequence of integers. 23: public void Dispose() 24: { 25: // force output immediately (flush the buffer) 26: Console.WriteLine("Disposed with last sequence number of {0}!", _i); 27: Console.Out.Flush(); 28: } 29: } And then I created a generator (infinite-loop iterator) that did the using block for auto-Disposal: 1: // simply defines an extension method off of an int to start a sequence 2: public static class SequencerExtensions 3: { 4: // generates an infinite sequence starting at the specified number 5: public static IEnumerable<int> GetSequence(this int starter) 6: { 7: // note the using here, will call Dispose() when block terminated. 8: using (var seq = new Sequencer(starter)) 9: { 10: // infinite loop on this generator, means must be bounded by caller! 11: while(true) 12: { 13: yield return seq.GetNext(); 14: } 15: } 16: } 17: } This is really the same conundrum as the database problem originally posed. Here we are using iteration (yield return) over a large collection (infinite sequence of integers). If we cut the sequence short by breaking iteration, will that using block exit and hence, Dispose be called? Well, let's see: 1: // The test program class 2: public class IteratorTest 3: { 4: // The main test method. 5: public static void Main() 6: { 7: Console.WriteLine("Going to consume 10 of infinite items"); 8: Console.Out.Flush(); 9:  10: foreach(var i in 0.GetSequence()) 11: { 12: // could use TakeWhile, but wanted to output right at break... 13: if(i >= 10) 14: { 15: Console.WriteLine("Breaking now!"); 16: Console.Out.Flush(); 17: break; 18: } 19:  20: Console.WriteLine(i); 21: Console.Out.Flush(); 22: } 23:  24: Console.WriteLine("Done with loop."); 25: Console.Out.Flush(); 26: } 27: } So, what do we see? Do we see the "Disposed" message from our dispose, or did the Dispose get skipped because from an "eyeball" perspective we should be locked in that infinite generator loop? Here's the results: 1: Going to consume 10 of infinite items 2: 0 3: 1 4: 2 5: 3 6: 4 7: 5 8: 6 9: 7 10: 8 11: 9 12: Breaking now! 13: Disposed with last sequence number of 11! 14: Done with loop. Yes indeed, when we break the loop, the state machine that C# generates for yield iterate exits the iteration through the using blocks and auto-disposes the IDisposable correctly. I must admit, though, the first time I wrote one, I began to wonder and that led to this test. If you've never seen iterators before (I wrote a previous entry here) the infinite loop may throw you, but you have to keep in mind it is not a linear piece of code, that every time you hit a "yield return" it cedes control back to the state machine generated for the iterator. And this state machine, I'm happy to say, is smart enough to clean up the using blocks correctly. I suspected those wily guys and gals at Microsoft engineered it well, and I wasn't disappointed. But, I've been bitten by assumptions before, so it's good to test and see. Yes, maybe you knew it would or figured it would, but isn't it nice to know? And as those campy 80s G.I. Joe cartoon public service reminders always taught us, "Knowing is half the battle...". Technorati Tags: C#,.NET

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