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• Try a sample: Using the counter predicate for event sampling

  - by extended_events

  Extended Events offers a rich filtering mechanism, called predicates, that allows you to reduce the number of events you collect by specifying criteria that will be applied during event collection. (You can find more information about predicates in Using SQL Server 2008 Extended Events (by Jonathan Kehayias)) By evaluating predicates early in the event firing sequence we can reduce the performance impact of collecting events by stopping event collection when the criteria are not met. You can specify predicates on both event fields and on a special object called a predicate source. Predicate sources are similar to action in that they typically are related to some type of global information available from the server. You will find that many of the actions available in Extended Events have equivalent predicate sources, but actions and predicates sources are not the same thing. Applying predicates, whether on a field or predicate source, is very similar to what you are used to in T-SQL in terms of how they work; you pick some field/source and compare it to a value, for example, session_id = 52. There is one predicate source that merits special attention though, not just for its special use, but for how the order of predicate evaluation impacts the behavior you see. I’m referring to the counter predicate source. The counter predicate source gives you a way to sample a subset of events that otherwise meet the criteria of the predicate; for example you could collect every other event, or only every tenth event. Simple CountingThe counter predicate source works by creating an in memory counter that increments every time the predicate statement is evaluated. Here is a simple example with my favorite event, sql_statement_completed, that only collects the second statement that is run. (OK, that’s not much of a sample, but this is for demonstration purposes. Here is the session definition: CREATE EVENT SESSION counter_test ON SERVERADD EVENT sqlserver.sql_statement_completed    (ACTION (sqlserver.sql_text)    WHERE package0.counter = 2)ADD TARGET package0.ring_bufferWITH (MAX_DISPATCH_LATENCY = 1 SECONDS) You can find general information about the session DDL syntax in BOL and from Pedro’s post Introduction to Extended Events. The important part here is the WHERE statement that defines that I only what the event where package0.count = 2; in other words, only the second instance of the event. Notice that I need to provide the package name along with the predicate source. You don’t need to provide the package name if you’re using event fields, only for predicate sources. Let’s say I run the following test queries: -- Run three statements to test the sessionSELECT 'This is the first statement'GOSELECT 'This is the second statement'GOSELECT 'This is the third statement';GO Once you return the event data from the ring buffer and parse the XML (see my earlier post on reading event data) you should see something like this: event_name sql_text sql_statement_completed SELECT ‘This is the second statement’ You can see that only the second statement from the test was actually collected. (Feel free to try this yourself. Check out what happens if you remove the WHERE statement from your session. Go ahead, I’ll wait.) Percentage Sampling OK, so that wasn’t particularly interesting, but you can probably see that this could be interesting, for example, lets say I need a 25% sample of the statements executed on my server for some type of QA analysis, that might be more interesting than just the second statement. All comparisons of predicates are handled using an object called a predicate comparator; the simple comparisons such as equals, greater than, etc. are mapped to the common mathematical symbols you know and love (eg. = and >), but to do the less common comparisons you will need to use the predicate comparators directly. You would probably look to the MOD operation to do this type sampling; we would too, but we don’t call it MOD, we call it divides_by_uint64. This comparator evaluates whether one number is divisible by another with no remainder. The general syntax for using a predicate comparator is pred_comp(field, value), field is always first and value is always second. So lets take a look at how the session changes to answer our new question of 25% sampling: CREATE EVENT SESSION counter_test_25 ON SERVERADD EVENT sqlserver.sql_statement_completed    (ACTION (sqlserver.sql_text)    WHERE package0.divides_by_uint64(package0.counter,4))ADD TARGET package0.ring_bufferWITH (MAX_DISPATCH_LATENCY = 1 SECONDS)GO Here I’ve replaced the simple equivalency check with the divides_by_uint64 comparator to check if the counter is evenly divisible by 4, which gives us back every fourth record. I’ll leave it as an exercise for the reader to test this session. Why order matters I indicated at the start of this post that order matters when it comes to the counter predicate – it does. Like most other predicate systems, Extended Events evaluates the predicate statement from left to right; as soon as the predicate statement is proven false we abandon evaluation of the remainder of the statement. The counter predicate source is only incremented when it is evaluated so whether or not the counter is incremented will depend on where it is in the predicate statement and whether a previous criteria made the predicate false or not. Here is a generic example: Pred1: (WHERE statement_1 AND package0.counter = 2)Pred2: (WHERE package0.counter = 2 AND statement_1) Let’s say I cause a number of events as follows and examine what happens to the counter predicate source. Iteration Statement Pred1 Counter Pred2 Counter A Not statement_1 0 1 B statement_1 1 2 C Not statement_1 1 3 D statement_1 2 4 As you can see, in the case of Pred1, statement_1 is evaluated first, when it fails (A & C) predicate evaluation is stopped and the counter is not incremented. With Pred2 the counter is evaluated first, so it is incremented on every iteration of the event and the remaining parts of the predicate are then evaluated. In this example, Pred1 would return an event for D while Pred2 would return an event for B. But wait, there is an interesting side-effect here; consider Pred2 if I had run my statements in the following order: Not statement_1 Not statement_1 statement_1 statement_1 In this case I would never get an event back from the system because the point at which counter=2, the rest of the predicate evaluates as false so the event is not returned. If you’re using the counter target for sampling and you’re not getting the expected events, or any events, check the order of the predicate criteria. As a general rule I’d suggest that the counter criteria should be the last element of your predicate statement since that will assure that your sampling rate will apply to the set of event records defined by the rest of your predicate. Aside: I’m interested in hearing about uses for putting the counter predicate criteria earlier in the predicate statement. If you have one, post it in a comment to share with the class. - Mike Share this post: email it! | bookmark it! | digg it! | reddit! | kick it! | live it!

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• Clustering for Mere Mortals (Pt 3)

  - by Geoff N. Hiten

  The Controller Now we get to the meat of the matter.  You want a virtual cluster, the first thing you have to do is create your own portable domain.  Start with a plain vanilla install of Windows 2003 R2 Standard on a semi-default VM. (1 GB RAM, 2 cores, 2 NICs, 128GB dynamically expanding VHD file).  I chose this because it had the smallest disk and memory footprint of any current supported Microsoft Server product.  I created the VM with a single dynamically expanding VHD, one fixed 16 GB VHD, and two NICs.  One NIC is connected to the outside world and the other one is part of an internal-only network.  The first NIC is set up as a DHCP client.  We will get to the other one later. I actually tried this with Windows 2008 R2, but it failed miserably.  Not sure whether it was 2008 R2 or the fact I tried to use cloned VMs in the cluster.  Clustering is one place where NewSID would really come in handy.  Too bad Microsoft bought and buried it. Load and Patch the OS (hence the need for the outside connection).This is a good time to go get dinner.  Maybe a movie too.  There are close to a hundred patches that need to be downloaded and applied.  Avoiding that mess was why I put so much time into trying to get the 2008 R2 version working.  Maybe next time.  Don’t forget to add the extensions for VMLite (or whatever virtualization product you prefer). Set a fixed IP address on the internal-only NIC.  Do not give it a gateway.  Put the same IP address for the NIC and for the DNS Server.  This IP should be in a range that is never available on your public network.  You will need all the addresses in the range available.  See the previous post for the exact settings I used. I chose 10.97.230.1 as the server.  The rest of the 10.97.230 range is what I will use later.  For the curious, those numbers are based on elements of my home address.  Not truly random, but good enough for this project. Do not bridge the network connections.  I never allowed the cluster nodes direct access to any public network. Format the fixed VHD and leave it alone for now. Promote the VM to a Domain Controller.  If you have never done this, don’t worry.  The only meaningful decision is what to call the new domain.  I prefer a bogus name that does not correspond to a real Top-Level Domain (TLD).  .com, .biz., .net, .org  are all TLDs that we know and love.  I chose .test as the TLD since it is descriptive AND it does not exist in the real world.  The domain is called MicroAD.  This gives me MicroAD.Test as my domain. During the promotion process, you will be prompted to install DNS as part of the Domain creation process.  You want to accept this option.  The installer will automatically assign this DNS server as the authoritative owner of the MicroAD.test DNS domain (not to be confused with the MicroAD.test Active Directory domain.) For the rest of the DCPROMO process, just accept the defaults. Now let’s make our IP address management easy.  Add the DHCP Role to the server.  Add the server (10.97.230.1 in this case) as the default gateway to assign to DHCP clients.  Here is where you have to be VERY careful and bind it ONLY to the Internal NIC.  Trust me, your network admin will NOT like an extra DHCP server “helping” out on her network.  Go ahead and create a range of 10-20 IP Addresses in your scope.  You might find other uses for a pocket domain controller <cough> Mirroring </cough> than just for building a cluster.  And Clustering in SQL 2008 and Windows 2008 R2 fully supports DHCP addresses. Now we have three of the five key roles ready.  Two more to go. Next comes file sharing.  Since your cluster node VMs will not have access to any outside, you have to have some way to get files into these VMs.  I simply go to the root of C: and create a “Shared” folder.  I then share it out and grant full control to “Everyone” to both the share and to the underlying NTFS folder.   This will be immensely useful for Service Packs, demo databases, and any other software that isn’t packaged as an ISO that we can mount to the VM. Finally we need to create a block-level multi-connect storage device.  The kind folks at Starwinds Software (http://www.starwindsoftware.com/) graciously gave me a non-expiring demo license for expressly this purpose.  Their iSCSI SAN software lets you create an iSCSI target from nearly any storage medium.  Refreshingly, their product does exactly what they say it does.  Thanks. Remember that 16 GB VHD file?  That is where we are going to carve into our LUNs.  I created an iSCSI folder off the root, just so I can keep everything organized.  I then carved 5 ea. 2 GB iSCSI targets from that folder.  I chose a fixed VHD for performance.  I tried this earlier with a dynamically expanding VHD, but too many layers of abstraction and sparseness combined to make it unusable even for a demo.  Stick with a fixed VHD so there is a one-to-one mapping between abstract and physical storage.  If you read the previous post, you know what I named these iSCSI LUNs and why.  Yes, I do have some left over space.  Always leave yourself room for future growth or options. This gets us up to where we can actually build the nodes and install SQL.  As with most clusters, the real work happens long before the individual nodes get installed and configured.  At least it does if you want the cluster to be a true high-availability platform.

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• Clustering for Mere Mortals (Pt3)

  - by Geoff N. Hiten

  The Controller Now we get to the meat of the matter.  You want a virtual cluster, the first thing you have to do is create your own portable domain.  IStart with a plain vanilla install of Windows 2003 R2 Standard on a semi-default VM. (1 GB RAM, 2 cores, 2 NICs, 128GB dynamically expanding VHD file).  I chose this because it had the smallest disk and memory footprint of any current supported Microsoft Server product.  I created the VM with a single dynamically expanding VHD, one fixed 16 GB VHD, and two NICs.  One NIC is connected to the outside world and the other one is part of an internal-only network.  The first NIC is set up as a DHCP client.  We will get to the other one later. I actually tried this with Windows 2008 R2, but it failed miserably.  Not sure whether it was 2008 R2 or the fact I tried to use cloned VMs in the cluster.  Clustering is one place where NewSID would really come in handy.  Too bad Microsoft bought and buried it. Load and Patch the OS (hence the need for the outside connection).This is a good time to go get dinner.  Maybe a movie too.  There are close to a hundred patches that need to be downloaded and applied.  Avoiding that mess was why I put so much time into trying to get the 2008 R2 version working.  Maybe next time.  Don’t forget to add the extensions for VMLite (or whatever virtualization product you prefer). Set a fixed IP address on the internal-only NIC.  Do not give it a gateway.  Put the same IP address for the NIC and for the DNS Server.  This IP should be in a range that is never available on your public network.  You will need all the addresses in the range available.  See the previous post for the exact settings I used. I chose 10.97.230.1 as the server.  The rest of the 10.97.230 range is what I will use later.  For the curious, those numbers are based on elements of my home address.  Not truly random, but good enough for this project. Do not bridge the network connections.  I never allowed the cluster nodes direct access to any public network. Format the fixed VHD and leave it alone for now. Promote the VM to a Domain Controller.  If you have never done this, don’t worry.  The only meaningful decision is what to call the new domain.  I prefer a bogus name that does not correspond to a real Top-Level Domain (TLD).  .com, .biz., .net, .org  are all TLDs that we know and love.  I chose .test as the TLD since it is descriptive AND it does not exist in the real world.  The domain is called MicroAD.  This gives me MicroAD.Test as my domain. During the promotion process, you will be prompted to install DNS as part of the Domain creation process.  You want to accept this option.  The installer will automatically assign this DNS server as the authoritative owner of the MicroAD.test DNS domain (not to be confused with the MicroAD.test Active Directory domain.) For the rest of the DCPROMO process, just accept the defaults. Now let’s make our IP address management easy.  Add the DHCP Role to the server.  Add the server (10.97.230.1 in this case) as the default gateway to assign to DHCP clients.  Here is where you have to be VERY careful and bind it ONLY to the Internal NIC.  Trust me, your network admin will NOT like an extra DHCP server “helping” out on her network.  Go ahead and create a range of 10-20 IP Addresses in your scope.  You might find other uses for a pocket domain controller <cough> Mirroring </cough> than just for building a cluster.  And Clustering in SQL 2008 and Windows 2008 R2 fully supports DHCP addresses. Now we have three of the five key roles ready.  Two more to go. Next comes file sharing.  Since your cluster node VMs will not have access to any outside, you have to have some way to get files into these VMs.  I simply go to the root of C: and create a “Shared” folder.  I then share it out and grant full control to “Everyone” to both the share and to the underlying NTFS folder.   This will be immensely useful for Service Packs, demo databases, and any other software that isn’t packaged as an ISO that we can mount to the VM. Finally we need to create a block-level multi-connect storage device.  The kind folks at Starwinds Software (http://www.starwindsoftware.com/) graciously gave me a non-expiring demo license for expressly this purpose.  Their iSCSI SAN software lets you create an iSCSI target from nearly any storage medium.  Refreshingly, their product does exactly what they say it does.  Thanks. Remember that 16 GB VHD file?  That is where we are going to carve into our LUNs.  I created an iSCSI folder off the root, just so I can keep everything organized.  I then carved 5 ea. 2 GB iSCSI targets from that folder.  I chose a fixed VHD for performance.  I tried this earlier with a dynamically expanding VHD, but too many layers of abstraction and sparseness combined to make it unusable even for a demo.  Stick with a fixed VHD so there is a one-to-one mapping between abstract and physical storage.  If you read the previous post, you know what I named these iSCSI LUNs and why.  Yes, I do have some left over space.  Always leave yourself room for future growth or options. This gets us up to where we can actually build the nodes and install SQL.  As with most clusters, the real work happens long before the individual nodes get installed and configured.  At least it does if you want the cluster to be a true high-availability platform.

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• testing dao with hibernate genericdao pattern with spring.Headache

  - by black sensei

  Hello good fellas! in my journey of learning hibernate i came across an article on hibernate site. i' learning spring too and wanted to do certain things to discover the flexibility of spring by letting you implement you own session.yes i don't want to use the hibernateTemplate(for experiment). and i'm now having a problem and even the test class.I followed the article on the hibernate site especially the section an "implementation with hibernate" so we have the generic dao interface : public interface GenericDAO<T, ID extends Serializable> { T findById(ID id, boolean lock); List<T> findAll(); List<T> findByExample(T exampleInstance); T makePersistent(T entity); void makeTransient(T entity); } it's implementation in an abstract class that is the same as the one on the web site.Please refer to it from the link i provide.i'll like to save this post to be too long now come my dao's messagedao interface package com.project.core.dao; import com.project.core.model.MessageDetails; import java.util.List; public interface MessageDAO extends GenericDAO<MessageDetails, Long>{ //Message class is on of my pojo public List<Message> GetAllByStatus(String status); } its implementation is messagedaoimpl: public class MessageDAOImpl extends GenericDAOImpl <Message, Long> implements MessageDAO { // mySContainer is an interface which my HibernateUtils implement mySContainer sessionManager; /** * */ public MessageDAOImpl(){} /** * * @param sessionManager */ public MessageDAOImpl(HibernateUtils sessionManager){ this.sessionManager = sessionManager; } //........ plus other methods } here is my HibernatUtils public class HibernateUtils implements SessionContainer { private final SessionFactory sessionFactory; private Session session; public HibernateUtils() { this.sessionFactory = new AnnotationConfiguration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); } public HibernateUtils(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory; } /** * * this is the function that return a session.So i'm free to implements any type of session in here. */ public Session requestSession() { // if (session != null || session.isOpen()) { // return session; // } else { session = sessionFactory.openSession(); // } return session; } } So in my understanding while using spring(will provide the conf), i'ld wire sessionFactory to my HiberbernateUtils and then wire its method RequestSession to the Session Property of the GenericDAOImpl (the one from the link provided). here is my spring config core.xml <bean id="sessionManager" class="com.project.core.dao.hibernate.HibernateUtils"> <constructor-arg ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <bean id="messageDao" class="com.project.core.dao.hibernate.MessageDAOImpl"> <constructor-arg ref="sessionManager"/> </bean> <bean id="genericDAOimpl" class="com.project.core.dao.GenericDAO"> <property name="session" ref="mySession"/> </bean> <bean id="mySession" factory-bean="com.project.core.dao.SessionContainer" factory-method="requestSession"/> now my test is this public class MessageDetailsDAOImplTest extends AbstractDependencyInjectionSpringContextTests{ HibernateUtils sessionManager = (HibernateUtils) applicationContext.getBean("sessionManager"); MessageDAO messagedao =(MessageDAO) applicationContext.getBean("messageDao"); static Message[] message = new Message[] { new Message("text",1,"test for dummies 1","1234567890","Pending",new Date()), new Message("text",2,"test for dummies 2","334455669990","Delivered",new Date()) }; public MessageDAOImplTest() { } @Override protected String[] getConfigLocations(){ return new String[]{"file:src/main/resources/core.xml"}; } @Test public void testMakePersistent() { System.out.println("MakePersistent"); messagedao.makePersistent(message[0]); Session session = sessionManager.RequestSession(); session.beginTransaction(); MessageDetails fromdb = ( Message) session.load(Message.class, message[0].getMessageId()); assertEquals(fromdb.getMessageId(), message[0].getMessageId()); assertEquals(fromdb.getDateSent(),message.getDateSent()); assertEquals(fromdb.getGlobalStatus(),message.getGlobalStatus()); assertEquals(fromdb.getNumberOfPages(),message.getNumberOfPages()); } i'm having this error exception in constructor testMakePersistent(java.lang.NullPointerException at com.project.core.dao.hibernate.MessageDAOImplTest) with this stack : at com.project.core.dao.hibernate.MessageDAOImplTest.(MessageDAOImplTest.java:28) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513) at junit.framework.TestSuite.createTest(TestSuite.java:61) at junit.framework.TestSuite.addTestMethod(TestSuite.java:283) at junit.framework.TestSuite.(TestSuite.java:146) at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junit.JUnitTestRunner.run(JUnitTestRunner.java:481) at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junit.JUnitTestRunner.launch(JUnitTestRunner.java:1031) at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junit.JUnitTestRunner.main(JUnitTestRunner.java:888) )) How to actually make this one work.I know this is a lot to stuffs and i'm thanking you for reading it.Please give me a solution.How would you do this? thanks

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• Configuration "diff" across Oracle WebCenter Sites instances

  - by Mark Fincham-Oracle

  Problem Statement With many Oracle WebCenter Sites environments - how do you know if the various configuration assets and settings are in sync across all of those environments? Background At Oracle we typically have a "W" shaped set of environments.  For the "Production" environments we typically have a disaster recovery clone as well and sometimes additional QA environments alongside the production management environment. In the case of www.java.com we have 10 different environments. All configuration assets/settings (CSElements, Templates, Start Menus etc..) start life on the Development Management environment and are then published downstream to other environments as part of the software development lifecycle. Ensuring that each of these 10 environments has the same set of Templates, CSElements, StartMenus, TreeTabs etc.. is impossible to do efficiently without automation. Solution Summary  The solution comprises of two components. A JSON data feed from each environment. A simple HTML page that consumes these JSON data feeds.  Data Feed: Create a JSON WebService on each environment. The WebService is no more than a SiteEntry + CSElement. The CSElement queries various DB tables to obtain details of the assets/settings returning this data in a JSON feed. Report: Create a simple HTML page that uses JQuery to fetch the JSON feed from each environment and display the results in a table. Since all assets (CSElements, Templates etc..) are published between environments they will have the same last modified date. If the last modified date of an asset is different in the JSON feed or is mising from an environment entirely then highlight that in the report table. Example Solution Details Step 1: Create a Site Entry + CSElement that outputs JSON Site Entry & CSElement Setup  The SiteEntry should be uncached so that the most recent configuration information is returned at all times. In the CSElement set the contenttype accordingly: Step 2: Write the CSElement Logic The basic logic, that we repeat for each asset or setting that we are interested in, is to query the DB using <ics:sql> and then loop over the resultset with <ics:listloop>. For example: <ics:sql sql="SELECT name,updateddate FROM Template WHERE status != 'VO'" listname="TemplateList" table="Template" /> "templates": [ <ics:listloop listname="TemplateList"> {"name":"<ics:listget listname="TemplateList"  fieldname="name"/>", "modified":"<ics:listget listname="TemplateList"  fieldname="updateddate"/>"}, </ics:listloop> ], A comprehensive list of SQL queries to fetch each configuration asset/settings can be seen in the appendix at the end of this article. For the generation of the JSON data structure you could use Jettison (the library ships with the 11.1.1.8 version of the product), native Java 7 capabilities or (as the above example demonstrates) you could roll-your-own JSON output but that is not advised. Step 3: Create an HTML Report The JavaScript logic looks something like this.. 1) Create a list of JSON feeds to fetch: ENVS['dev-mgmngt'] = 'http://dev-mngmnt.example.com/sites/ContentServer?d=&pagename=settings.json'; ENVS['dev-dlvry'] = 'http://dev-dlvry.example.com/sites/ContentServer?d=&pagename=settings.json';  ENVS['test-mngmnt'] = 'http://test-mngmnt.example.com/sites/ContentServer?d=&pagename=settings.json';  ENVS['test-dlvry'] = 'http://test-dlvry.example.com/sites/ContentServer?d=&pagename=settings.json';   2) Create a function to get the JSON feeds: function getDataForEnvironment(url){ return $.ajax({ type: 'GET', url: url, dataType: 'jsonp', beforeSend: function (jqXHR, settings){ jqXHR.originalEnv = env; jqXHR.originalUrl = url; }, success: function(json, status, jqXHR) { console.log('....success fetching: ' + jqXHR.originalUrl); // store the returned data in ALLDATA ALLDATA[jqXHR.originalEnv] = json; }, error: function(jqXHR, status, e) { console.log('....ERROR: Failed to get data from [' + url + '] ' + status + ' ' + e); } }); } 3) Fetch each JSON feed: for (var env in ENVS) { console.log('Fetching data for env [' + env +'].'); var promisedData = getDataForEnvironment(ENVS[env]); promisedData.success(function (data) {}); }  4) For each configuration asset or setting create a table in the report For example, CSElements: 1) Get a list of unique CSElement names from all of the returned JSON data. 2) For each unique CSElement name, create a row in the table  3) Select 1 environment to represent the master or ideal state (e.g. "Everything should be like Production Delivery") 4) For each environment, compare the last modified date of this envs CSElement to the master. Highlight any differences in last modified date or missing CSElements. 5) Repeat...    Appendix This section contains various SQL statements that can be used to retrieve configuration settings from the DB.  Templates  <ics:sql sql="SELECT name,updateddate FROM Template WHERE status != 'VO'" listname="TemplateList" table="Template" /> CSElements <ics:sql sql="SELECT name,updateddate FROM CSElement WHERE status != 'VO'" listname="CSEList" table="CSElement" /> Start Menus <ics:sql sql="select sm.id, sm.cs_name, sm.cs_description, sm.cs_assettype, sm.cs_assetsubtype, sm.cs_itemtype, smr.cs_rolename, p.name from StartMenu sm, StartMenu_Sites sms, StartMenu_Roles smr, Publication p where sm.id=sms.ownerid and sm.id=smr.cs_ownerid and sms.pubid=p.id order by sm.id" listname="startList" table="Publication,StartMenu,StartMenu_Roles,StartMenu_Sites"/>  Publishing Configurations <ics:sql sql="select id, name, description, type, dest, factors from PubTarget" listname="pubTargetList" table="PubTarget" /> Tree Tabs <ics:sql sql="select tt.id, tt.title, tt.tooltip, p.name as pubname, ttr.cs_rolename, ttsect.name as sectname from TreeTabs tt, TreeTabs_Roles ttr, TreeTabs_Sect ttsect,TreeTabs_Sites ttsites LEFT JOIN Publication p  on p.id=ttsites.pubid where p.id is not null and tt.id=ttsites.ownerid and ttsites.pubid=p.id and tt.id=ttr.cs_ownerid and tt.id=ttsect.ownerid order by tt.id" listname="treeTabList" table="TreeTabs,TreeTabs_Roles,TreeTabs_Sect,TreeTabs_Sites,Publication" />  Filters <ics:sql sql="select name,description,classname from Filters" listname="filtersList" table="Filters" /> Attribute Types <ics:sql sql="select id,valuetype,name,updateddate from AttrTypes where status != 'VO'" listname="AttrList" table="AttrTypes" /> WebReference Patterns <ics:sql sql="select id,webroot,pattern,assettype,name,params,publication from WebReferencesPatterns" listname="WebRefList" table="WebReferencesPatterns" /> Device Groups <ics:sql sql="select id,devicegroupsuffix,updateddate,name from DeviceGroup" listname="DeviceList" table="DeviceGroup" /> Site Entries <ics:sql sql="select se.id,se.name,se.pagename,se.cselement_id,se.updateddate,cse.rootelement from SiteEntry se LEFT JOIN CSElement cse on cse.id = se.cselement_id where se.status != 'VO'" listname="SiteList" table="SiteEntry,CSElement" /> Webroots <ics:sql sql="select id,name,rooturl,updatedby,updateddate from WebRoot" listname="webrootList" table="WebRoot" /> Page Definitions <ics:sql sql="select pd.id, pd.name, pd.updatedby, pd.updateddate, pd.description, pdt.attributeid, pa.name as nameattr, pdt.requiredflag, pdt.ordinal from PageDefinition pd, PageDefinition_TAttr pdt, PageAttribute pa where pd.status != 'VO' and pa.id=pdt.attributeid and pdt.ownerid=pd.id order by pd.id,pdt.ordinal" listname="pageDefList" table="PageDefinition,PageAttribute,PageDefinition_TAttr" /> FW_Application <ics:sql sql="select id,name,updateddate from FW_Application where status != 'VO'" listname="FWList" table="FW_Application" /> Custom Elements <ics:sql sql="select elementname from ElementCatalog where elementname like 'CustomElements%'" listname="elementList" table="ElementCatalog" />

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• Sending HTML to Gmail always lands in Spam

  - by cartaysm

  I am having an issue with sending HTML emails to Gmail. I can send them to Yahoo, Hotmail, RR, AOL, etc. with no problem at all, but when I send them to Gmail I get kicked to spam. I have checked my IP with a lot of different list to make sure it is not listed anywhere, which it is not. spamhaus = is not listed in the DBL abuse.net = is not listed in the SBL abuse.net = is not listed in the PBL abuse.net = is not listed in the XBL spamcop = not listed in bl.spamcop.net host 24.172.204.xxx xxx.204.172.24.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer xxxevents.com. host xxxevents.com xxxevents.com has address 24.172.204.xxx xxxevents.com mail is handled by 10 mail.xxxevents.com. I am just trying to send a very VERY basic HTML message (listed below). I use an Ubuntu server, swiftmailer, multipart/alternative (HTML & plain), SPF = pass, and I am going to setup DKIM today to see if that fixes it (but I doubt it will)... For now I will only post the message I sent that gets kicked to spam and can provide any details needed. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head><title>Triathlon</title></head> <body> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td> <p>Thank you for attending our 4th annual Triathlon/Duathlon/5k at Hueston Woods State Park on August 12th. This event is held annually to raise research funding for Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis, and Muscular Dystrophy diseases.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>As you know the results and pictures have been posted on our home page at since Sunday 8/13/2012. Now we also have updated our Facebook page with those photos and you can start tagging yourself or downloading the pictures now! <br /> our page and tag yourself at </p> <p> test test </p> <p>Race day events is professionally managed by Speedy-Feet</p> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> Just plain text works great, I thought maybe wording was messing me up but not the case... I am almost done install opendkim so I will be able to rule that out very soon. Edit: Okay installed opendkim and I am getting passing results so I sent the html I posted above it went through just fine. So now when I start to add a few more lines I am getting kicked back to spam again. Here is updated html code: ` <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head><title>Triathlon</title></head> <body> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td> <center><a href='http://xxxevents.com' target="_blank"> <font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#666666" size="2"> <img src="http://xxxevents.com/marketemailimages/xxxlogo.png" alt="xxx It Events | Raising funds for Crohns, Colitis, and Muscular Dystrophy" border="0" /> </font></a></center> </td> <tr> <td> <p>Thank you for attending our 4th annual Triathlon/Duathlon/5k at Hueston Woods State Park on August 12th. This event is held annually to raise research funding for Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis, and Muscular Dystrophy diseases.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>As you know the results and pictures have been posted on our home page at since Sunday 8/13/2012. Now we also have updated our Facebook page with those photos and you can start tagging yourself or downloading the pictures now! <br /> our page and tag yourself at </p> <p> test test </p> <p>Race day events is professionally managed by Speedy-Feet</p> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div align="center" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:10px;"><br />PO Box xxx Maineville, OH 45039<br /> <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> | <a href='http://xxxevents.com' target="_blank">xxxevents.com</a><br /> <br /> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>`

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• JSF2 - Why does render response not rerender component setting?

  - by fekete-kamosh

  From the tutorial: "If the request is a postback and errors were encountered during the apply request values phase, process validations phase, or update model values phase, the original page is rendered during Render response phase" (http://java.sun.com/javaee/5/docs/tutorial/doc/bnaqq.html) Does it mean that if view is restored in "Restore View" phase and then any apply request/validation/update model phase fails and skips to "Render response" that Render response only passes restored view without any changes to client? Managed Bean: package cz.test; import javax.faces.bean.ManagedBean; import javax.faces.bean.RequestScoped; @ManagedBean @RequestScoped public class TesterBean { // Simple DataStore (in real world EJB) private static String storedSomeValue = null; private String someValue; public TesterBean() { } public String storeValue() { storedSomeValue = someValue; return "index"; } public String eraseValue() { storedSomeValue = null; return "index"; } public String getSomeValue() { someValue = storedSomeValue; return someValue; } public void setSomeValue(String someValue) { this.someValue = someValue; } } Composite component: <?xml version='1.0' encoding='ISO-8859-1' ?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html" xmlns:f="http://java.sun.com/jsf/core" xmlns:composite="http://java.sun.com/jsf/composite" xmlns:c="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"> <!-- INTERFACE --> <composite:interface> <composite:attribute name="currentBehaviour" type="java.lang.String" required="true"/> <composite:attribute name="fieldValue" required="true"/> </composite:interface> <!-- IMPLEMENTATION --> <composite:implementation> <h:panelGrid columns="3"> <c:choose> <c:when test="#{cc.attrs.currentBehaviour == 'READONLY'}" > <h:outputText id="fieldValue" value="#{cc.attrs.fieldValue}"> </h:outputText> </c:when> <c:when test="#{cc.attrs.currentBehaviour == 'MANDATORY'}" > <h:inputText id="fieldValue" value="#{cc.attrs.fieldValue}" required="true"> <f:attribute name="requiredMessage" value="Field is mandatory"/> <c:if test="#{empty cc.attrs.fieldValue}"> <f:attribute name="style" value="background-color: yellow;"/> </c:if> </h:inputText>&nbsp;* </c:when> <c:when test="#{cc.attrs.currentBehaviour == 'OPTIONAL'}" > <h:inputText id="fieldValue" value="#{cc.attrs.fieldValue}"> </h:inputText> </c:when> </c:choose> <h:message for="fieldValue" style="color:red;" /> </h:panelGrid> </composite:implementation> Page: <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html" xmlns:ez="http://java.sun.com/jsf/composite/components"> <h:head> <title>Testing page</title> </h:head> <h:body> <h:form> <h:outputText value="Some value:"/> <ez:field-component currentBehaviour="MANDATORY" fieldValue="#{testerBean.someValue}"/> <h:commandButton value="Store" action="#{testerBean.storeValue}"/> <h:commandButton value="Erase" action="#{testerBean.eraseValue}" immediate="true"/> </h:form> <br/><br/> <b>Why is field's background color not set to yellow?</b> <ol> <li>NOTICE: Field has yellow background color (mandatory field with no value)</li> <li>Fill in any value (eg. "Hello") and press Store</li> <li>NOTICE: Yellow background disappeared (as mandatory field has value)</li> <li>Clear text in the field and press Store</li> <li><b>QUESTION: Why is field's background color not set to yellow?</b></li> <li>Press Erase</li> <li>NOTICE: Field has yellow background color (mandatory field with no value)</li> </ol> </h:body>

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• Problem with ajax form on Codeigniter

  - by Code Burn

  Everytime I test the email is send correctly. (I have tested in PC: IE6, IE7, IE8, Safari, Firefox, Chrome. MAC: Safari, Firefox, Chrome.) Nome: Jon Doe Empresa: Star Cargo: Developer Email: [email protected] Telefone: 090909222988 Assunto: Subject here.. But I keep recieving emails like this from costumers: Nome: Empresa: Cargo: Email: Telefone: Assunto: CONTACT_FORM.PHP <form name="frm" id="frm"> <div class="campoFormulario nomeDeCampo texto textocinzaescuro" >Nome<font style="color:#EE3063;">*</font></div> <div class="campoFormulario inputDeCampo" ><input class="texto textocinzaescuro" size="31" name="Cnome" id="Cnome" value=""/></div> <div class="campoFormulario nomeDeCampo texto textocinzaescuro" >Empresa<font style="color:#EE3063;">*</font></div> <div class="campoFormulario inputDeCampo" ><input class="texto textocinzaescuro" size="31" name="CEmpresa" id="CEmpresa" value=""/></div> <div class="campoFormulario nomeDeCampo texto textocinzaescuro" >Cargo</div> <div class="campoFormulario inputDeCampo" ><input class="texto textocinzaescuro" size="31" name="CCargo" id="CCargo" value=""/></div> <div class="campoFormulario nomeDeCampo texto textocinzaescuro" >Email<font style="color:#EE3063;">*</font></div> <div class="campoFormulario inputDeCampo" ><input class="texto textocinzaescuro" size="31" name="CEmail" id="CEmail" value=""/></div> <div class="campoFormulario nomeDeCampo texto textocinzaescuro" >Telefone</div> <div class="campoFormulario inputDeCampo" ><input class="texto textocinzaescuro" size="31" name="CTelefone" id="CTelefone" value=""/></div> <div class="campoFormulario nomeDeCampo texto textocinzaescuro" >Assunto<font style="color:#EE3063;">*</font></div> <div class="campoFormulario inputDeCampo" ><textarea class="texto textocinzaescuro" name="CAssunto" id="CAssunto" rows="2" cols="28"></textarea></div> <div class="campoFormulario nomeDeCampo texto textocinzaescuro" >&nbsp;</div> <div class="campoFormulario inputDeCampo" style="text-align:right;" ><input id="Cbutton" class="texto textocinzaescuro" type="submit" name="submit" value="Enviar" /></div> </form> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { $("#Cbutton").click(function() { if(validarForm()){ var Cnome = $("input#Cnome").val(); var CEmpresa = $("input#CEmpresa").val(); var CEmail = $("input#CEmail").val(); var CCargo = $("input#CCargo").val(); var CTelefone = $("input#CTelefone").val(); var CAssunto = $("textarea#CAssunto").val(); var dataString = 'nome='+ Cnome + '&Empresa=' + CEmpresa + '&Email=' + CEmail + '&Cargo=' + CCargo + '&Telefone=' + CTelefone + '&Assunto=' + CAssunto; //alert (dataString);return false; $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "http://www.myserver.com/index.php/pt/envia", data: dataString, success: function() { $('#frm').remove(); $('#blocoform').append("<br />Obrigado. <img id='checkmark' src='http://www.myserver.com/public/images/estrutura/ok.gif' /><br />Será contactado brevemente.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />") .hide() .fadeIn(1500); } }); } return false; }); }); function validarForm(){ var error = 0; if(!validateNome(document.getElementById("Cnome"))){ error = 1 ;} if(!validateNome(document.getElementById("CEmpresa"))){ error = 1 ;} if(!validateEmail(document.getElementById("CEmail"))){ error = 1 ;} if(!validateNome(document.getElementById("CAssunto"))){ error = 1 ;} if(error == 0){ //frm.submit(); return true; }else{ alert('Preencha os campos correctamente.'); return false; } } function validateNome(fld){ if( fld.value.length == 0 ){ fld.style.backgroundColor = '#FFFFCC'; //alert('Descrição é um campo obrigatório.'); return false; }else { fld.style.background = 'White'; return true; } } function trim(s) { return s.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/, ''); } function validateEmail(fld) { var tfld = trim(fld.value); var emailFilter = /^[^@]+@[^@.]+\.[^@]*\w\w$/ ; var illegalChars= /[\(\)\<\>\,\;\:\\\"\[\]]/ ; if (fld.value == "") { fld.style.background = '#FFFFCC'; //alert('Email é um campo obrigatório.'); return false; } else if (!emailFilter.test(tfld)) { //alert('Email inválido.'); fld.style.background = '#FFFFCC'; return false; } else if (fld.value.match(illegalChars)) { fld.style.background = '#FFFFCC'; //alert('Email inválido.'); return false; } else { fld.style.background = 'White'; return true; } } </script> FUNCTION ENVIA (email sender): function envia() { $this->load->helper(array('form', 'url')); $nome = $_POST['nome']; $empresa = $_POST['Empresa']; $cargo = $_POST['Cargo']; $email = $_POST['Email']; $telefone = $_POST['Telefone']; $assunto = $_POST['Assunto']; $mensagem = " Nome:".$nome." Empresa:".$empresa." Cargo:".$cargo." Email:".$email." Telefone:".$telefone." Assunto:".$assunto.""; $headers = 'From: [email protected]' . "\r\n" . 'Reply-To: no-reply' . "\r\n" . 'X-Mailer: PHP/' . phpversion(); mail('[email protected]', $mensagem, $headers); }

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• How do encrypt a long or int using the Bouncy Castle crypto routines for BlackBerry?

  - by DanG

  How do encrypt/decrypt a long or int using the Bouncy Castle crypto routines for BlackBerry? I know how to encrypt/decrypt a String. I can encrypt a long but can't get a long to decrypt properly. Some of this is poorly done, but I'm just trying stuff out at the moment. I've included my entire crypto engine here: import org.bouncycastle.crypto.BufferedBlockCipher; import org.bouncycastle.crypto.DataLengthException; import org.bouncycastle.crypto.InvalidCipherTextException; import org.bouncycastle.crypto.engines.AESFastEngine; import org.bouncycastle.crypto.paddings.PaddedBufferedBlockCipher; import org.bouncycastle.crypto.params.KeyParameter; public class CryptoEngine { // Global Variables // Global Objects private static AESFastEngine engine; private static BufferedBlockCipher cipher; private static KeyParameter key; public static boolean setEncryptionKey(String keyText) { // adding in spaces to force a proper key keyText += " "; // cutting off at 128 bits (16 characters) keyText = keyText.substring(0, 16); keyText = HelperMethods.cleanUpNullString(keyText); byte[] keyBytes = keyText.getBytes(); key = new KeyParameter(keyBytes); engine = new AESFastEngine(); cipher = new PaddedBufferedBlockCipher(engine); // just for now return true; } public static String encryptString(String plainText) { try { byte[] plainArray = plainText.getBytes(); cipher.init(true, key); byte[] cipherBytes = new byte[cipher.getOutputSize(plainArray.length)]; int cipherLength = cipher.processBytes(plainArray, 0, plainArray.length, cipherBytes, 0); cipher.doFinal(cipherBytes, cipherLength); String cipherString = new String(cipherBytes); return cipherString; } catch (DataLengthException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (IllegalStateException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (InvalidCipherTextException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (Exception ex) { Logger.logToConsole(ex); } // else return "";// default bad value } public static String decryptString(String encryptedText) { try { byte[] cipherBytes = encryptedText.getBytes(); cipher.init(false, key); byte[] decryptedBytes = new byte[cipher.getOutputSize(cipherBytes.length)]; int decryptedLength = cipher.processBytes(cipherBytes, 0, cipherBytes.length, decryptedBytes, 0); cipher.doFinal(decryptedBytes, decryptedLength); String decryptedString = new String(decryptedBytes); // crop accordingly int index = decryptedString.indexOf("\u0000"); if (index >= 0) { decryptedString = decryptedString.substring(0, index); } return decryptedString; } catch (DataLengthException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (IllegalStateException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (InvalidCipherTextException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (Exception ex) { Logger.logToConsole(ex); } // else return "";// default bad value } private static byte[] convertLongToByteArray(long longToConvert) { return new byte[] { (byte) (longToConvert >>> 56), (byte) (longToConvert >>> 48), (byte) (longToConvert >>> 40), (byte) (longToConvert >>> 32), (byte) (longToConvert >>> 24), (byte) (longToConvert >>> 16), (byte) (longToConvert >>> 8), (byte) (longToConvert) }; } private static long convertByteArrayToLong(byte[] byteArrayToConvert) { long returnable = 0; for (int counter = 0; counter < byteArrayToConvert.length; counter++) { returnable += ((byteArrayToConvert[byteArrayToConvert.length - counter - 1] & 0xFF) << counter * 8); } if (returnable < 0) { returnable++; } return returnable; } public static long encryptLong(long plainLong) { try { String plainString = String.valueOf(plainLong); String cipherString = encryptString(plainString); byte[] cipherBytes = cipherString.getBytes(); long returnable = convertByteArrayToLong(cipherBytes); return returnable; } catch (Exception e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } // else return Integer.MIN_VALUE;// default bad value } public static long decryptLong(long encryptedLong) { byte[] cipherBytes = convertLongToByteArray(encryptedLong); cipher.init(false, key); byte[] decryptedBytes = new byte[cipher.getOutputSize(cipherBytes.length)]; int decryptedLength = cipherBytes.length; try { cipher.doFinal(decryptedBytes, decryptedLength); } catch (DataLengthException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalStateException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidCipherTextException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } long plainLong = convertByteArrayToLong(decryptedBytes); return plainLong; } public static boolean encryptBoolean(int plainBoolean) { return false; } public static boolean decryptBoolean(int encryptedBoolean) { return false; } public static boolean testLongToByteArrayConversion() { boolean returnable = true; // fails out of the bounds of an integer, the conversion to long from byte // array does not hold, need to figure out a better solution for (long counter = -1000000; counter < 1000000; counter++) { long test = counter; byte[] bytes = convertLongToByteArray(test); long result = convertByteArrayToLong(bytes); if (result != test) { returnable = false; Logger.logToConsole("long conversion failed"); Logger.logToConsole("test = " + test + "\n result = " + result); } // regardless } // the end Logger.logToConsole("final returnable result = " + returnable); return returnable; } }

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• Toggle visibility of DIV based on Dropdown

  - by user1869787

  I have never used Javascript before, only HTML and CSS. I am attempting to have my information show only when selected from my drop down. I don't know any Javascript so any help would be overly appreciated. This is my html so far: <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>Gone Fishin'</title> <link href="finale.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> </head> <div id="wrapper"> <div id="nav"> <ul> <li><a href="Index.html">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="Species.html">List by Species</a></li> <li><a href="County.html">List by County</a></li> <li><a href="apply.html">Reservations</a></li> </ul> </div> <body> <div id="content"> <p>ontent</p> <fieldset> <legend>Choose your Target</legend> <select name="option" id="options"> <option value=""></option> <option value="1">American Shad</option> <option value="2">Black Crappie</option> <option value="3">Bluegill</option> <option value="4">Brook Trout</option> <option value="5">Brown Trout</option> <option value="6">Carp</option> <option value="7">Chain Pickerel</option> <option value="8">Channel Catfish</option> <option value="9">Flathead Catfish</option> <option value="10">Largemouth Bass</option> <option value="11">Muskellunge</option> <option value="12">Norhtern Pike</option> <option value="13">Pumkpinseed</option> <option value="14">Rainbow Trout</option> <option value="15">Readbreast Sunfish</option> <option value="16">Rock Bass</option> <option value="17">Sauger</option> <option value="18">Saugeye</option> <option value="19">Smallmouth Bass</option> <option value="20">Steelhead</option> <option value="21">Striped Bass</option> <option value="22">Walleye</option> <option value="23">White Bass</option> <option value="24">White Crappie</option> <option value="25">White Perch</option> <option value="26">Yellow Perch</option> </select> <div id="option"> <div id="1" style="display: block">Test 1</div> <div id="2">Test 2</div> <div id="3">Test 3</div> <div id="4">Test 4</div> <div id="5">Test 5</div> </div> </fieldset> </div> </body> </div> </html> And this is my CSS: @charset "utf-8"; /* CSS Document */ /*General Styles*/ * {font-family:Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;} #wrapper {width:85%; margin:auto; background-color:#00CC00;} /*End of General Styles*/ /* nav div styles */ #nav {background-color:#FF0000; text-align:center;} #nav ul li {display:inline-block; background-color: #67e667; border:5px dashed; width: 90px text-align:center;} #nav ul li a:link {background-color:#a60000; width: 90px;} #nav ul li a:visited {background-color: #009999;} #nav ul li a:hover {background-color: #a64b00;} /* end nav styles */ /* content div styles*/ #content {padding: 5px;} #option {display:none;} /*end content styles*/ /*start form styles*/ fieldset {background-color:#ff7400; color:white} label {display:inline-block; width: 150px; float:left; margin-right: 3px;} #form li{margin-bottom:10px;} #dtg li{margin-bottom:5px;} Thank you for any help received

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• Notifications for Expiring DBSNMP Passwords

  - by Courtney Llamas

  Most user accounts these days have a password profile on them that automatically expires the password after a set number of days.   Depending on your company’s security requirements, this may be as little as 30 days or as long as 365 days, although typically it falls between 60-90 days. For a normal user, this can cause a small interruption in your day as you have to go get your password reset by an admin. When this happens to privileged accounts, such as the DBSNMP account that is responsible for monitoring database availability, it can cause bigger problems. In Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c you may notice the error message “ORA-28002: the password will expire within 5 days” when you connect to a target, or worse you may get “ORA-28001: the password has expired". If you wait too long, your monitoring will fail because the password is locked out. Wouldn’t it be nice if we could get an alert 10 days before our DBSNMP password expired? Thanks to Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c Metric Extensions (ME), you can! See the Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control Administrator’s Guide for more information on Metric Extensions. To create a metric extension, select Enterprise / Monitoring / Metric Extensions, and then click on Create. On the General Properties screen select either Cluster Database or Database Instance, depending on which target you need to monitor.  If you have both RAC and Single instance you may need to create one for each. In this example we will create a Cluster Database metric.  Enter a Name for the ME and a Display Name. Then select SQL for the Adapter.  Adjust the Collection Schedule as desired, for this example we will collect this metric every 1 day. Notice for metric collected every day, we can determine the exact time we want to collect. On the Adapter page, enter the query that you wish to execute.  In this example we will use the query below that specifically checks for the DBSNMP user that is expiring within 10 days. Of course, you can adjust this query to alert for any user that can cause an outage such as an application account or service account such as RMAN. select username, account_status, trunc(expiry_date-sysdate) days_to_expirefrom dba_userswhere username = 'DBSNMP'and expiry_date is not null; The next step is to create the columns to store the data returned from the query.  Click Add and add a column for each of the fields in the same order that data is returned.  The table below will help you complete the column additions. Name Display Name Column Type Value Type Metric Category Unit Username User Name Key String Security AccountStatus Account Status Data String Security DaysToExpire Days Until Expiration Data Number Security Days When creating the DaysToExpire column, you can add a default threshold here for Warning and Critical (say < 10 and 5).  When all columns have been added, click Next. On the Credentials page, you can choose to use the default monitoring credentials or specify new credentials.  We will use the default credentials established for our target (dbsnmp). The next step is to test your Metric Extension.  Click on Add to select a target for testing, then click Select. Now click the button Run Test to execute the test against the selected target(s). We can see in the example below that the Metric Extension has executed and returned a value of 68 days to expire. Click Next to proceed. Review the metric extension in the final screen and click Finish. The metric will be created in Editable status.  Select the metric, click Actions and select Deployable Draft. You can do this once more to move to Published. Finally, we want to apply this metric to a target. When managing many targets, it’s best to add your metric to a template, for details on adding a Metric Extension to a template see the Administrator’s Guide. For this example, we will deploy this to a target directly. Select Actions / Deploy to Targets. Click Add and select the target you wish to deploy to and click Submit.  Once deployment is complete, we can go to the target and view the Metric & Collection Settings to see the new metric and its thresholds.   After some time, you will find the metric has collected and the days to expiration for DBSNMP user can be seen in the All Metrics view.   For metrics collected once per day, you may have to wait up to 24 hours to see the metric and current severity. In the example below, the current severity is Clear (green check) as it is not scheduled to expire within 10 days. To test the notification, we can edit the thresholds for the new metric so they trigger an alert.  Our password expires in 139 days, so we’ll change our Warning to 140 and leave Critical at 5, in our example we also changed the collection time to every 5 minutes.  At the next collection, you’ll find that the current severity changes to a Warning and any related Incident Rules would be triggered to create an Incident or Notification as desired. Now that you get a notification that your DBSNMP passwords is about to expire, you can use OEM Command Line Interface (EM CLI) verb update_db_password to change it at both the database target and the OEM target in one step.  The caveat is you must know the existing password to use the update_db_password command.  To learn more about EM CLI, see the Oracle Enterprise Manager Command Line Interface Guide.  Below is an example of changing the password with the update_db_password verb.  $ ./emcli update_db_password -target_name=emrep -target_type=oracle_database -user_name=dbsnmp -change_at_target=yes -change_all_references=yes Enter value for old_password :Enter value for new_password :Enter value for retype_new_password :Successfully submitted a job to change the password in Enterprise Manager and on the target database: "emrep"Execute "emcli get_jobs -job_id=FA66C1C4D663297FE0437656F20ACC84" to check the status of the job.Search for job name "CHANGE_PWD_JOB_FA66C1C4D662297FE0437656F20ACC84" on the Jobs home page to check job execution details. The subsequent job created will typically run quickly enough that a blackout is not needed, however if you submit a script with many targets to change, your job may run slower so adding a blackout to the script is recommended. $ ./emcli get_jobs -job_id=FA66C1C4D663297FE0437656F20ACC84 Name Type Job ID Execution ID Scheduled Completed TZ Offset Status Status ID Owner Target Type Target Name CHANGE_PWD_JOB_FA66C1C4D662297FE0437656F20ACC84 ChangePassword FA66C1C4D663297FE0437656F20ACC84 FA66C1C4D665297FE0437656F20ACC84 2014-05-28 09:39:12 2014-05-28 09:39:18 GMT-07:00 Succeeded 5 SYSMAN oracle_database emrep After implementing the above Metric Extension and using the EM CLI update_db_password verb, you will be able to stay on top of your DBSNMP password changes without experiencing an unplanned monitoring outage.  

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• how to use Thread in java ?

  - by tiendv

  Hi all i have code use googleseach API I want to use Thread to improve speed of my program. But i have a problem here is code import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.DataInputStream; import java.io.DataOutputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLConnection; import java.net.URLEncoder; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Enumeration; import java.util.Hashtable; import java.util.List; import org.json.JSONArray; import org.json.JSONObject; import com.yahoo.search.WebSearchResult; /** * Simple Search using Google ajax Web Services * * @author Daniel Jones Copyright 2006 Daniel Jones Licensed under BSD open * source license http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php */ public class GoogleSearchEngine extends Thread { private String queryString; private int maxResult; private ArrayList<String> resultGoogleArrayList = null; public ArrayList<String> getResultGoogleArrayList() { return resultGoogleArrayList; } public void setResultGoogleArrayList(ArrayList<String> resultGoogleArrayList) { this.resultGoogleArrayList = resultGoogleArrayList; } public String getQueryString() { return queryString; } public void setQueryString(String queryString) { this.queryString = queryString; } public int getMaxResult() { return maxResult; } public void setMaxResult(int maxResult) { this.maxResult = maxResult; } // Put your website here public final static String HTTP_REFERER = "http://www.example.com/"; public static ArrayList<String> makeQuery(String query, int maxResult) { ArrayList<String> finalArray = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<String> returnArray = new ArrayList<String>(); try { query = URLEncoder.encode(query, "UTF-8"); int i = 0; String line = ""; StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); while (true) { // Call GoogleAjaxAPI to submit the query URL url = new URL("http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/services/search/web?start=" + i + "&rsz=large&v=1.0&q=" + query); URLConnection connection = url.openConnection(); if (connection == null) { break; } // Value i to stop while or Max result if (i >= maxResult) { break; } connection.addRequestProperty("Referer", HTTP_REFERER); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(),"utf-8")); while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { builder.append(line); } String response = builder.toString(); JSONObject json = new JSONObject(response); JSONArray ja = json.getJSONObject("responseData").getJSONArray("results"); for (int j = 0; j < ja.length(); j++) { try { JSONObject k = ja.getJSONObject(j); // Break string into 2 parts: URL and Title by <br> returnArray.add(k.getString("url") + "<br>" + k.getString("titleNoFormatting")); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } i += 8; } // Remove objects that is over the max number result required if (returnArray.size() > maxResult) { for (int k=0; k<maxResult; k++){ finalArray.add(returnArray.get(k)); } } else return returnArray; return finalArray; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } @Override public void run() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //super.run(); this.resultGoogleArrayList = GoogleSearchEngine.makeQuery(queryString, maxResult); System.out.println("Code run here "); } public static void main(String[] args) { Thread test = new GoogleSearchEngine(); ((GoogleSearchEngine) test).setQueryString("data "); ((GoogleSearchEngine) test).setMaxResult(10); test.start(); ArrayList<String> returnGoogleArrayList = null; returnGoogleArrayList = ((GoogleSearchEngine) test).getResultGoogleArrayList(); System.out.print("contents of al:" + returnGoogleArrayList); } } when i run it, it can run into run method but it don't excute make query methor and return null array. when i do't use Thread it can nomal . Can you give me the reason why ? or give a sulution Thanks

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• C++ SDL State Machine Segfault

  - by user1602079

  The code compiles and builds fine, but it immediately segfaults. I've looked at this for a while and have no idea why. Any help is appreciated. Thank you! Here's the code: main.cpp #include "SDL/SDL.h" #include "Globals.h" #include "Core.h" #include "GameStates.h" #include "Introduction.h" int main(int argc, char** args) { if(core.Initilize() == false) { SDL_Quit(); } while(core.desiredstate != core.Quit) { currentstate->EventHandling(); currentstate->Logic(); core.ChangeState(); currentstate->Render(); currentstate->Update(); } SDL_Quit(); } Core.h #ifndef CORE_H #define CORE_H #include "SDL/SDL.h" #include <string> class Core { public: SDL_Surface* Load(std::string filename); void ApplySurface(int X, int Y, SDL_Surface* source, SDL_Surface* destination); void SetState(int newstate); void ChangeState(); enum state { Intro, STATES_NULL, Quit }; int desiredstate, stateID; bool Initilize(); }; #endif Core.cpp #include "Core.h" #include "SDL/SDL.h" #include "Globals.h" #include "Introduction.h" #include <string> /* Initilizes SDL subsystems */ bool Core::Initilize() { //Inits subsystems, reutrns false upon error if(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING) == -1) { return false; } SDL_WM_SetCaption("Game", NULL); return true; } /* Loads surfaces and optimizes them */ SDL_Surface* Core::Load(std::string filename) { //The surface to be optimized SDL_Surface* original = SDL_LoadBMP(filename.c_str()); //The optimized surface SDL_Surface* optimized = NULL; //Optimizes the image if it loaded properly if(original != NULL) { optimized = SDL_DisplayFormat(original); SDL_FreeSurface(original); } else { //returns NULL upon error return NULL; } return optimized; } /* Blits surfaces */ void Core::ApplySurface(int X, int Y, SDL_Surface* source, SDL_Surface* destination) { //Stores the coordinates of the surface SDL_Rect offsets; offsets.x = X; offsets.y = Y; //Bits the surface if both surfaces are present if(source != NULL && destination != NULL) { SDL_BlitSurface(source, NULL, destination, &offsets); } } /* Sets desiredstate to newstate */ void Core::SetState(int newstate) { if(desiredstate != Quit) { desiredstate = newstate; } } /* Changes the game state */ void Core::ChangeState() { if(desiredstate != STATES_NULL && desiredstate != Quit) { delete currentstate; switch(desiredstate) { case Intro: currentstate = new Introduction(); break; } stateID = desiredstate; desiredstate = core.STATES_NULL; } } Globals.h #ifndef GLOBALS_H #define GLOBALS_H #include "SDL/SDL.h" #include "Core.h" #include "GameStates.h" extern SDL_Surface* screen; extern Core core; extern GameStates* currentstate; #endif Globals.cpp #include "Globals.h" #include "SDL/SDL.h" #include "GameStates.h" SDL_Surface* screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(640, 480, 32, SDL_SWSURFACE); Core core; GameStates* currentstate = NULL; GameStates.h #ifndef GAMESTATES_H #define GAMESTATES_H class GameStates { public: virtual void EventHandling() = 0; virtual void Logic() = 0; virtual void Render() = 0; virtual void Update() = 0; }; #endif Introduction.h #ifndef INTRODUCTION_H #define INTRODUCTION_H #include "GameStates.h" #include "Globals.h" class Introduction : public GameStates { public: Introduction(); private: void EventHandling(); void Logic(); void Render(); void Update(); ~Introduction(); SDL_Surface* test; }; #endif Introduction.cpp #include "SDL/SDL.h" #include "Core.h" #include "Globals.h" #include "Introduction.h" /* Loads all the assets */ Introduction::Introduction() { test = core.Load("test.bmp"); } void Introduction::EventHandling() { SDL_Event event; while(SDL_PollEvent(&event)) { switch(event.type) { case SDL_QUIT: core.SetState(core.Quit); break; } } } void Introduction::Logic() { //to be coded } void Introduction::Render() { core.ApplySurface(30, 30, test, screen); } void Introduction::Update() { SDL_Flip(screen); } Introduction::~Introduction() { SDL_FreeSurface(test); } Sorry if the formatting is a bit off... Having to put four spaces for it to be put into a code block offset it a bit. I ran it through gdb and this is what I got: Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault. 0x0000000000400e46 in main () Which isn't incredibly useful... Any help is appreciated. Thank you!

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• Accessing local variable doesn't improve performance

  - by NicMagnier

  The short version Why is this code: var index = (Math.floor(y / scale) * img.width + Math.floor(x / scale)) * 4; More performant than this one? var index = Math.floor(ref_index) * 4; The long version This week, the author of Impact js published an article about some rendering issue: http://www.phoboslab.org/log/2012/09/drawing-pixels-is-hard In the article there was the source of a function to scale an image by accessing pixels in the canvas. I wanted to suggest some traditional ways to optimize this kind of code so that the scaling would be shorter at loading time. But after testing it my result was most of the time worst that the original function. Guessing this was the JavaScript engine that was doing some smart optimization I tried to understand a bit more what was going on so I did a bunch of test. But my results are quite confusing and I would need some help to understand what's going on. I have a test page here: http://www.mx981.com/stuff/resize_bench/test.html jsPerf: http://jsperf.com/local-variable-due-to-the-scope-lookup To start the test, click the picture and the results will appear in the console. There are three different versions: The original code: for( var y = 0; y < heightScaled; y++ ) { for( var x = 0; x < widthScaled; x++ ) { var index = (Math.floor(y / scale) * img.width + Math.floor(x / scale)) * 4; var indexScaled = (y * widthScaled + x) * 4; scaledPixels.data[ indexScaled ] = origPixels.data[ index ]; scaledPixels.data[ indexScaled+1 ] = origPixels.data[ index+1 ]; scaledPixels.data[ indexScaled+2 ] = origPixels.data[ index+2 ]; scaledPixels.data[ indexScaled+3 ] = origPixels.data[ index+3 ]; } } jsPerf: http://jsperf.com/so-accessing-local-variable-doesn-t-improve-performance One of my attempt to optimize it: var ref_index = 0; var ref_indexScaled = 0 var ref_step = 1 / scale; for( var y = 0; y < heightScaled; y++ ) { for( var x = 0; x < widthScaled; x++ ) { var index = Math.floor(ref_index) * 4; scaledPixels.data[ ref_indexScaled++ ] = origPixels.data[ index ]; scaledPixels.data[ ref_indexScaled++ ] = origPixels.data[ index+1 ]; scaledPixels.data[ ref_indexScaled++ ] = origPixels.data[ index+2 ]; scaledPixels.data[ ref_indexScaled++ ] = origPixels.data[ index+3 ]; ref_index+= ref_step; } } jsPerf: http://jsperf.com/so-accessing-local-variable-doesn-t-improve-performance The same optimized code but with recalculating the index variable each time (Hybrid) var ref_index = 0; var ref_indexScaled = 0 var ref_step = 1 / scale; for( var y = 0; y < heightScaled; y++ ) { for( var x = 0; x < widthScaled; x++ ) { var index = (Math.floor(y / scale) * img.width + Math.floor(x / scale)) * 4; scaledPixels.data[ ref_indexScaled++ ] = origPixels.data[ index ]; scaledPixels.data[ ref_indexScaled++ ] = origPixels.data[ index+1 ]; scaledPixels.data[ ref_indexScaled++ ] = origPixels.data[ index+2 ]; scaledPixels.data[ ref_indexScaled++ ] = origPixels.data[ index+3 ]; ref_index+= ref_step; } } jsPerf: http://jsperf.com/so-accessing-local-variable-doesn-t-improve-performance The only difference in the two last one is the calculation of the 'index' variable. And to my surprise the optimized version is slower in most browsers (except opera). Results of personal testing (not the jsPerf tests): Opera Original: 8668ms Optimized: 932ms Hybrid: 8696ms Chrome Original: 139ms Optimized: 145ms Hybrid: 136ms Safari Original: 433ms Optimized: 853ms Hybrid: 451ms Firefox Original: 343ms Optimized: 422ms Hybrid: 350ms After digging around, it seems an usual good practice is to access mainly local variable due to the scope lookup. Because The optimized version only call one local variable it should be faster that the Hybrid code which call multiple variable and object in addition to the various operation involved. So why the "optimized" version is slower? I thought that it might be because some JavaScript engine don't optimize the Optimized version because it is not hot enough but after using --trace-opt in chrome, it seems all version are properly compiled by V8. At this point I am a bit clueless and wonder if somebody would know what is going on? I did also some more test cases in this page: http://www.mx981.com/stuff/resize_bench/index.html

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• Weird vps server issue

  - by anon-user0

  I have an unmanaged linux vps Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot). I have LNMP installed. Also php-fpm php-apc, varnish, memcache. I have (or rather had) several live sites on it. under normal load the server uses ~700 mb memory. But since last night its using only 20mb~ memory and a lot of the services seems to be down (according to htop) I only see nginx working and mysql starts up and goes does every few minutes on a loop. Here are some information on the server that might help you help me: root@server:~# uname -a Linux server 2.6.18-308.el5.028stab099.3 #1 SMP Wed Mar 7 15:56:00 MSK 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux - root@server:~# ifconfig -a lo Link encap:Local Loopback LOOPBACK MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) venet0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:127.0.0.2 P-t-P:127.0.0.2 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:12515 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:9541 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:7191214 (7.1 MB) TX bytes:536726 (536.7 KB) venet0:0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:176.31.158.78 P-t-P:176.31.158.78 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 - root@server:~# netstat -l Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:http-alt *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 [::]:http-alt [::]:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 [::]:ssh [::]:* LISTEN Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 9307368 @/com/ubuntu/upstart - htop: http://i.stack.imgur.com/NHKYX.png EDIT: Stressed. mind was not working adding log: root@server:~# less /var/log/syslog Jun 27 05:27:42 server syslogd 1.5.0#6ubuntu1: restart. Jun 27 05:39:01 server CRON[9298]: (root) CMD ([ -x /usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/php5 ] && find /var/lib/php5/ -depth -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -cmin +$(/usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime) -delete) Jun 27 05:40:01 server CRON[9463]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp) Jun 27 05:46:21 server sm-msp-queue[9480]: q5R1R7Ue004056: to=root, ctladdr=root (0/0), delay=00:19:14, xdelay=00:06:18, mailer=relay, pri=122407, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with [127.0.0.1] Jun 27 05:52:39 server sm-msp-queue[9480]: q5QMk7S9009582: to=root, ctladdr=root (0/0), delay=03:06:32, xdelay=00:06:18, mailer=relay, pri=842407, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with [127.0.0.1] Jun 27 06:00:01 server CRON[15671]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp) Jun 27 06:06:22 server sm-msp-queue[15690]: q5R1R7Ue004056: to=root, ctladdr=root (0/0), delay=00:39:15, xdelay=00:06:18, mailer=relay, pri=212407, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with [127.0.0.1] Jun 27 06:09:01 server CRON[18114]: (root) CMD ([ -x /usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/php5 ] && find /var/lib/php5/ -depth -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -cmin +$(/usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime) -delete) Jun 27 06:12:40 server sm-msp-queue[15690]: q5QMk7S9009582: to=root, ctladdr=root (0/0), delay=03:26:33, xdelay=00:06:18, mailer=relay, pri=932407, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with [127.0.0.1] Jun 27 06:20:02 server CRON[21888]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp) Jun 27 06:26:22 server sm-msp-queue[21907]: q5R1R7Ue004056: to=root, ctladdr=root (0/0), delay=00:59:15, xdelay=00:06:18, mailer=relay, pri=302407, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with [127.0.0.1] Jun 27 06:27:02 server CRON[24021]: (root) CMD (cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly) Jun 27 06:32:40 server sm-msp-queue[21907]: q5QMk7S9009582: to=root, ctladdr=root (0/0), delay=03:46:33, xdelay=00:06:18, mailer=relay, pri=1022407, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with [127.0.0.1] Jun 27 06:39:01 server CRON[27941]: (root) CMD ([ -x /usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/php5 ] && find /var/lib/php5/ -depth -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -cmin +$(/usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime) -delete) Jun 27 06:40:02 server CRON[28110]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp) Jun 27 06:46:22 server sm-msp-queue[28125]: q5R1R7Ue004056: to=root, ctladdr=root (0/0), delay=01:19:15, xdelay=00:06:18, mailer=relay, pri=392407, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with [127.0.0.1] Jun 27 06:52:40 server sm-msp-queue[28125]: q5QMk7S9009582: to=root, ctladdr=root (0/0), delay=04:06:33, xdelay=00:06:18, mailer=relay, pri=1112407, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with [127.0.0.1] Jun 27 06:52:40 server sm-msp-queue[28125]: q5QMk7S9009582: q5R2e4uo028125: sender notify: Warning: could not send message for past 4 hours Jun 27 06:52:44 server sm-msp-queue[28125]: q5R2e4uo028125: to=root, delay=00:00:04, xdelay=00:00:04, mailer=relay, pri=33690, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with [127.0.0.1] Jun 27 07:00:02 server CRON[1543]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp) Jun 27 07:06:21 server sm-msp-queue[1560]: q5R2e4uo028125: to=root, delay=00:13:41, xdelay=00:06:18, mailer=relay, pri=123690, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with [127.0.0.1] Jun 27 07:09:01 server CRON[3986]: (root) CMD ([ -x /usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/php5 ] && find /var/lib/php5/ -depth -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -cmin +$(/usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime) -delete) Jun 27 07:12:39 server sm-msp-queue[1560]: q5R1R7Ue004056: to=root, ctladdr=root (0/0), delay=01:45:32, xdelay=00:06:18, mailer=relay, pri=482407, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with [127.0.0.1] Jun 27 07:18:57 server sm-msp-queue[1560]: q5QMk7S9009582: to=root, ctladdr=root (0/0), delay=04:32:50, xdelay=00:06:18, mailer=relay, pri=1202407, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with [127.0.0.1] Jun 27 07:20:02 server CRON[7760]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp) Jun 27 07:26:22 server sm-msp-queue[7775]: q5R2e4uo028125: to=root, delay=00:33:42, xdelay=00:06:18, mailer=relay, pri=213690, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with [127.0.0.1] Jun 27 07:27:01 server CRON[9887]: (root) CMD (cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly) Jun 27 07:32:40 server sm-msp-queue[7775]: q5R1R7Ue004056: to=root, ctladdr=root (0/0), delay=02:05:33, xdelay=00:06:18, mailer=relay, pri=572407, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with [127.0.0.1] Jun 27 07:38:58 server sm-msp-queue[7775]: q5QMk7S9009582: to=root, ctladdr=root (0/0), delay=04:52:51, xdelay=00:06:18, mailer=relay, pri=1292407, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with [127.0.0.1] Jun 27 07:39:01 server CRON[13813]: (root) CMD ([ -x /usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/php5 ] && find /var/lib/php5/ -depth -mindepth : root@server:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/simfs 20G 2.3G 18G 12% / - Jun 26 16:22:41 server varnishd[1413]: Child (32425) died signal=3 Jun 26 16:22:41 server varnishd[1413]: child (21687) Started Jun 26 16:22:41 server varnishd[1413]: Child (21687) said Child starts Jun 26 16:22:41 server varnishd[1413]: Child (21687) said SMF.s0 mmap'ed 1073741824 bytes of 1073741824 Jun 26 16:34:28 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 16:54:29 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 17:14:29 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 17:34:29 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 17:54:29 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 18:14:29 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 18:34:29 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 18:54:29 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 19:14:29 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 19:34:29 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 19:54:29 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 20:14:29 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 20:34:29 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 20:48:12 server exiting on signal 15 Jun 26 20:51:58 server syslogd 1.5.0#6ubuntu1: restart. Jun 26 20:52:01 server varnishd[1324]: Platform: Linux,2.6.18-308.el5.028stab099.3,i686,-sfile,-smalloc,-hcritbit Jun 26 21:11:58 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 21:31:58 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 21:51:58 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 22:11:58 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 22:31:58 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 22:51:58 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 23:11:58 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 23:31:58 server -- MARK -- Jun 26 23:51:58 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 00:11:58 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 00:23:42 server exiting on signal 15 Jun 27 02:21:10 server syslogd 1.5.0#6ubuntu1: restart. Jun 27 02:21:12 server varnishd[1341]: Platform: Linux,2.6.18-308.el5.028stab099.3,i686,-sfile,-smalloc,-hcritbit Jun 27 02:41:10 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 02:46:41 server syslogd 1.5.0#6ubuntu1: restart. Jun 27 03:20:44 server syslogd 1.5.0#6ubuntu1: restart. Jun 27 03:20:46 server varnishd[1238]: Platform: Linux,2.6.18-308.el5.028stab099.3,i686,-sfile,-smalloc,-hcritbit Jun 27 03:20:46 server varnishd[1238]: child (1239) Started Jun 27 03:20:46 server varnishd[1238]: Child (1239) said Child starts Jun 27 03:20:46 server varnishd[1238]: Child (1239) said SMF.s0 mmap'ed 1073741824 bytes of 1073741824 Jun 27 03:32:52 server exiting on signal 15 Jun 27 03:33:16 server syslogd 1.5.0#6ubuntu1: restart. Jun 27 03:33:31 server varnishd[1372]: Platform: Linux,2.6.18-308.el5.028stab099.3,i686,-sfile,-smalloc,-hcritbit Jun 27 03:53:16 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 04:13:16 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 04:33:16 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 04:53:16 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 05:13:16 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 05:27:42 server syslogd 1.5.0#6ubuntu1: restart. Jun 27 05:53:17 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 06:13:17 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 06:33:17 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 06:53:17 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 07:13:17 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 07:33:17 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 07:53:17 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 08:13:17 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 08:33:17 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 08:53:17 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 09:13:17 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 09:33:17 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 09:53:17 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 10:13:17 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 10:33:17 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 10:53:17 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 11:13:17 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 11:33:17 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 11:53:18 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 12:13:18 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 12:33:18 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 12:53:18 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 13:13:18 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 13:33:18 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 13:53:18 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 14:13:18 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 14:33:18 server -- MARK -- Jun 27 14:53:18 server -- MARK -- -- root@server:~# cat /var/log/nginx/error.log 2012/06/27 03:32:54 [alert] 1199#0: worker process 1203 exited on signal 9 2012/06/27 03:32:54 [alert] 1199#0: worker process 1200 exited on signal 9 2012/06/27 03:32:54 [alert] 1199#0: worker process 1201 exited on signal 9 2012/06/27 03:32:54 [alert] 1199#0: worker process 1202 exited on signal 9 root@server:~# cat /var/log/nginx/access.log 31.210.99.87 - - [27/Jun/2012:09:09:08 +0400] "GET /w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS.DFind:) HTTP/1.1" 400 172 "-" "-" 88.191.138.103 - - [27/Jun/2012:13:27:08 +0400] "GET /cms/cmx.jsp HTTP/1.1" 301 184 "-" "-" 88.191.138.103 - - [27/Jun/2012:13:27:08 +0400] "GET /iesvc/iesvc.jsp HTTP/1.1" 301 184 "-" "-" 88.191.138.103 - - [27/Jun/2012:13:27:08 +0400] "GET /cmd2/index.jsp HTTP/1.1" 301 184 "-" "-" 88.191.138.103 - - [27/Jun/2012:13:27:09 +0400] "GET /cmd/index.jsp HTTP/1.1" 301 184 "-" "-" 58.97.147.197 - - [27/Jun/2012:17:17:19 +0400] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 301 184 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_4) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.56 Safari/536.5" 58.97.147.197 - - [27/Jun/2012:17:17:37 +0400] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 301 184 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_4) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.56 Safari/536.5" 58.97.147.197 - - [27/Jun/2012:17:17:38 +0400] "-" 400 0 "-" "-" 58.97.147.197 - - [27/Jun/2012:17:17:38 +0400] "-" 400 0 "-" "-" 58.97.147.197 - - [27/Jun/2012:17:17:48 +0400] "-" 400 0 "-" "-" - root@server:~# cat /var/log/daemon.log Jun 26 20:48:10 server xinetd[1177]: Exiting... Jun 26 20:51:58 server xinetd[1174]: Reading included configuration file: /etc/xinetd.d/daytime [file=/etc/xinetd.d/daytime] [line=28] Jun 26 20:51:58 server xinetd[1174]: Reading included configuration file: /etc/xinetd.d/discard [file=/etc/xinetd.d/discard] [line=26] Jun 26 20:51:58 server xinetd[1174]: Reading included configuration file: /etc/xinetd.d/echo [file=/etc/xinetd.d/echo] [line=25] Jun 26 20:51:58 server xinetd[1174]: Reading included configuration file: /etc/xinetd.d/time [file=/etc/xinetd.d/time] [line=26] Jun 26 20:51:58 server xinetd[1174]: removing chargen Jun 26 20:51:58 server xinetd[1174]: removing chargen Jun 26 20:51:58 server xinetd[1174]: removing daytime Jun 26 20:51:58 server xinetd[1174]: removing daytime Jun 26 20:51:58 server xinetd[1174]: removing discard Jun 26 20:51:58 server xinetd[1174]: removing discard Jun 26 20:51:58 server xinetd[1174]: removing echo Jun 26 20:51:58 server xinetd[1174]: removing echo Jun 26 20:51:58 server xinetd[1174]: removing time Jun 26 20:51:58 server xinetd[1174]: removing time Jun 26 20:51:58 server xinetd[1174]: xinetd Version 2.3.14 started with libwrap loadavg options compiled in. Jun 26 20:51:58 server xinetd[1174]: Started working: 0 available services Jun 26 20:52:01 server vnstatd[1330]: vnStat daemon 1.11 started. Jun 26 20:52:01 server vnstatd[1330]: Monitoring: venet0 Jun 27 00:23:41 server xinetd[1174]: Exiting... Jun 27 02:21:12 server vnstatd[1349]: vnStat daemon 1.11 started. Jun 27 02:21:12 server vnstatd[1349]: Monitoring: venet0 Jun 27 03:20:44 server xinetd[1166]: attribute: disable should not be in default section [file=/etc/xinetd.conf] [line=12] Jun 27 03:20:44 server xinetd[1166]: Reading included configuration file: /etc/xinetd.d/chargen [file=/etc/xinetd.conf] [line=15] Jun 27 03:20:44 server xinetd[1166]: Reading included configuration file: /etc/xinetd.d/daytime [file=/etc/xinetd.d/daytime] [line=28] Jun 27 03:20:44 server xinetd[1166]: Reading included configuration file: /etc/xinetd.d/discard [file=/etc/xinetd.d/discard] [line=26] Jun 27 03:20:44 server xinetd[1166]: Reading included configuration file: /etc/xinetd.d/echo [file=/etc/xinetd.d/echo] [line=25] Jun 27 03:20:44 server xinetd[1166]: Reading included configuration file: /etc/xinetd.d/time [file=/etc/xinetd.d/time] [line=26] Jun 27 03:20:44 server xinetd[1166]: removing chargen Jun 27 03:20:44 server xinetd[1166]: removing chargen Jun 27 03:20:44 server xinetd[1166]: removing daytime Jun 27 03:20:44 server xinetd[1166]: removing daytime Jun 27 03:20:44 server xinetd[1166]: removing discard Jun 27 03:20:44 server xinetd[1166]: removing discard Jun 27 03:20:44 server xinetd[1166]: removing echo Jun 27 03:20:44 server xinetd[1166]: removing echo Jun 27 03:20:44 server xinetd[1166]: removing time Jun 27 03:20:44 server xinetd[1166]: removing time Jun 27 03:20:44 server xinetd[1166]: xinetd Version 2.3.14 started with libwrap loadavg options compiled in. Jun 27 03:20:44 server xinetd[1166]: Started working: 0 available services Jun 27 03:20:46 server vnstatd[1249]: vnStat daemon 1.11 started. Jun 27 03:20:46 server vnstatd[1249]: Monitoring: venet0 Jun 27 03:32:41 server xinetd[1166]: Exiting... Jun 27 03:33:32 server vnstatd[1380]: vnStat daemon 1.11 started. Jun 27 03:33:32 server vnstatd[1380]: Monitoring: venet0 root@server:~# - Anything else you need let me know

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• MySQL is running VERY slow on CentOS 6x (not 5x)

  - by user1032531

  I have two servers: a VPS and a laptop. I recently re-built both of them, and MySQL is running about 20 times slower on the laptop. Both servers used to run CentOS 5.8 and I think MySQL 5.1, and the laptop used to do great so I do not think it is the hardware. For the VPS, my provider installed CentOS 6.4, and then I installed MySQL 5.1.69 using yum with the CentOS repo. For the laptop, I installed CentOS 6.4 basic server and then installed MySQL 5.1.69 using yum with the CentOS repo. my.cnf for both servers are identical, and I have shown below. For both servers, I've also included below the output from SHOW VARIABLES; as well as output from sysbench, file system information, and cpu information. I have tried adding skip-name-resolve, but it didn't help. The matrix below shows the SHOW VARIABLES output from both servers which is different. Again, MySQL was installed the same way, so I do not know why it is different, but it is and I think this might be why the laptop is executing MySQL so slowly. Why is the laptop running MySQL slowly, and how do I fix it? Differences between SHOW VARIABLES on both servers +---------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------+ | Variable | Value-VPS | Value-Laptop | +---------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------+ | hostname | vps.site1.com | laptop.site2.com | | max_binlog_cache_size | 4294963200 | 18446744073709500000 | | max_seeks_for_key | 4294967295 | 18446744073709500000 | | max_write_lock_count | 4294967295 | 18446744073709500000 | | myisam_max_sort_file_size | 2146435072 | 9223372036853720000 | | myisam_mmap_size | 4294967295 | 18446744073709500000 | | plugin_dir | /usr/lib/mysql/plugin | /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin | | pseudo_thread_id | 7568 | 2 | | system_time_zone | EST | PDT | | thread_stack | 196608 | 262144 | | timestamp | 1372252112 | 1372252046 | | version_compile_machine | i386 | x86_64 | +---------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------+ my.cnf for both servers [root@server1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid innodb_strict_mode=on sql_mode=TRADITIONAL # sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_general_ci log=/var/log/mysqld_all.log [root@server1 ~]# VPS SHOW VARIABLES Info Same as Laptop shown below but changes per above matrix (removed to allow me to be under the 30000 characters as required by ServerFault) Laptop SHOW VARIABLES Info auto_increment_increment 1 auto_increment_offset 1 autocommit ON automatic_sp_privileges ON back_log 50 basedir /usr/ big_tables OFF binlog_cache_size 32768 binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates OFF binlog_format STATEMENT bulk_insert_buffer_size 8388608 character_set_client utf8 character_set_connection utf8 character_set_database latin1 character_set_filesystem binary character_set_results utf8 character_set_server latin1 character_set_system utf8 character_sets_dir /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ collation_connection utf8_general_ci collation_database latin1_swedish_ci collation_server latin1_swedish_ci completion_type 0 concurrent_insert 1 connect_timeout 10 datadir /var/lib/mysql/ date_format %Y-%m-%d datetime_format %Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s default_week_format 0 delay_key_write ON delayed_insert_limit 100 delayed_insert_timeout 300 delayed_queue_size 1000 div_precision_increment 4 engine_condition_pushdown ON error_count 0 event_scheduler OFF expire_logs_days 0 flush OFF flush_time 0 foreign_key_checks ON ft_boolean_syntax + -><()~*:""&| ft_max_word_len 84 ft_min_word_len 4 ft_query_expansion_limit 20 ft_stopword_file (built-in) general_log OFF general_log_file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.log group_concat_max_len 1024 have_community_features YES have_compress YES have_crypt YES have_csv YES have_dynamic_loading YES have_geometry YES have_innodb YES have_ndbcluster NO have_openssl DISABLED have_partitioning YES have_query_cache YES have_rtree_keys YES have_ssl DISABLED have_symlink DISABLED hostname server1.site2.com identity 0 ignore_builtin_innodb OFF init_connect init_file init_slave innodb_adaptive_hash_index ON innodb_additional_mem_pool_size 1048576 innodb_autoextend_increment 8 innodb_autoinc_lock_mode 1 innodb_buffer_pool_size 8388608 innodb_checksums ON innodb_commit_concurrency 0 innodb_concurrency_tickets 500 innodb_data_file_path ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_data_home_dir innodb_doublewrite ON innodb_fast_shutdown 1 innodb_file_io_threads 4 innodb_file_per_table OFF innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit 1 innodb_flush_method innodb_force_recovery 0 innodb_lock_wait_timeout 50 innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog OFF innodb_log_buffer_size 1048576 innodb_log_file_size 5242880 innodb_log_files_in_group 2 innodb_log_group_home_dir ./ innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct 90 innodb_max_purge_lag 0 innodb_mirrored_log_groups 1 innodb_open_files 300 innodb_rollback_on_timeout OFF innodb_stats_method nulls_equal innodb_stats_on_metadata ON innodb_support_xa ON innodb_sync_spin_loops 20 innodb_table_locks ON innodb_thread_concurrency 8 innodb_thread_sleep_delay 10000 innodb_use_legacy_cardinality_algorithm ON insert_id 0 interactive_timeout 28800 join_buffer_size 131072 keep_files_on_create OFF key_buffer_size 8384512 key_cache_age_threshold 300 key_cache_block_size 1024 key_cache_division_limit 100 language /usr/share/mysql/english/ large_files_support ON large_page_size 0 large_pages OFF last_insert_id 0 lc_time_names en_US license GPL local_infile ON locked_in_memory OFF log OFF log_bin OFF log_bin_trust_function_creators OFF log_bin_trust_routine_creators OFF log_error /var/log/mysqld.log log_output FILE log_queries_not_using_indexes OFF log_slave_updates OFF log_slow_queries OFF log_warnings 1 long_query_time 10.000000 low_priority_updates OFF lower_case_file_system OFF lower_case_table_names 0 max_allowed_packet 1048576 max_binlog_cache_size 18446744073709547520 max_binlog_size 1073741824 max_connect_errors 10 max_connections 151 max_delayed_threads 20 max_error_count 64 max_heap_table_size 16777216 max_insert_delayed_threads 20 max_join_size 18446744073709551615 max_length_for_sort_data 1024 max_long_data_size 1048576 max_prepared_stmt_count 16382 max_relay_log_size 0 max_seeks_for_key 18446744073709551615 max_sort_length 1024 max_sp_recursion_depth 0 max_tmp_tables 32 max_user_connections 0 max_write_lock_count 18446744073709551615 min_examined_row_limit 0 multi_range_count 256 myisam_data_pointer_size 6 myisam_max_sort_file_size 9223372036853727232 myisam_mmap_size 18446744073709551615 myisam_recover_options OFF myisam_repair_threads 1 myisam_sort_buffer_size 8388608 myisam_stats_method nulls_unequal myisam_use_mmap OFF net_buffer_length 16384 net_read_timeout 30 net_retry_count 10 net_write_timeout 60 new OFF old OFF old_alter_table OFF old_passwords OFF open_files_limit 1024 optimizer_prune_level 1 optimizer_search_depth 62 optimizer_switch index_merge=on,index_merge_union=on,index_merge_sort_union=on,index_merge_intersection=on pid_file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid plugin_dir /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin port 3306 preload_buffer_size 32768 profiling OFF profiling_history_size 15 protocol_version 10 pseudo_thread_id 3 query_alloc_block_size 8192 query_cache_limit 1048576 query_cache_min_res_unit 4096 query_cache_size 0 query_cache_type ON query_cache_wlock_invalidate OFF query_prealloc_size 8192 rand_seed1 rand_seed2 range_alloc_block_size 4096 read_buffer_size 131072 read_only OFF read_rnd_buffer_size 262144 relay_log relay_log_index relay_log_info_file relay-log.info relay_log_purge ON relay_log_space_limit 0 report_host report_password report_port 3306 report_user rpl_recovery_rank 0 secure_auth OFF secure_file_priv server_id 0 skip_external_locking ON skip_name_resolve OFF skip_networking OFF skip_show_database OFF slave_compressed_protocol OFF slave_exec_mode STRICT slave_load_tmpdir /tmp slave_max_allowed_packet 1073741824 slave_net_timeout 3600 slave_skip_errors OFF slave_transaction_retries 10 slow_launch_time 2 slow_query_log OFF slow_query_log_file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld-slow.log socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock sort_buffer_size 2097144 sql_auto_is_null ON sql_big_selects ON sql_big_tables OFF sql_buffer_result OFF sql_log_bin ON sql_log_off OFF sql_log_update ON sql_low_priority_updates OFF sql_max_join_size 18446744073709551615 sql_mode sql_notes ON sql_quote_show_create ON sql_safe_updates OFF sql_select_limit 18446744073709551615 sql_slave_skip_counter sql_warnings OFF ssl_ca ssl_capath ssl_cert ssl_cipher ssl_key storage_engine MyISAM sync_binlog 0 sync_frm ON system_time_zone PDT table_definition_cache 256 table_lock_wait_timeout 50 table_open_cache 64 table_type MyISAM thread_cache_size 0 thread_handling one-thread-per-connection thread_stack 262144 time_format %H:%i:%s time_zone SYSTEM timed_mutexes OFF timestamp 1372254399 tmp_table_size 16777216 tmpdir /tmp transaction_alloc_block_size 8192 transaction_prealloc_size 4096 tx_isolation REPEATABLE-READ unique_checks ON updatable_views_with_limit YES version 5.1.69 version_comment Source distribution version_compile_machine x86_64 version_compile_os redhat-linux-gnu wait_timeout 28800 warning_count 0 VPS Sysbench Info Deleted to stay under 30000 characters. Laptop Sysbench Info [root@server1 ~]# cat sysbench.txt sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark Running the test with following options: Number of threads: 8 Doing OLTP test. Running mixed OLTP test Doing read-only test Using Special distribution (12 iterations, 1 pct of values are returned in 75 pct cases) Using "BEGIN" for starting transactions Using auto_inc on the id column Threads started! Time limit exceeded, exiting... (last message repeated 7 times) Done. OLTP test statistics: queries performed: read: 634718 write: 0 other: 90674 total: 725392 transactions: 45337 (755.56 per sec.) deadlocks: 0 (0.00 per sec.) read/write requests: 634718 (10577.78 per sec.) other operations: 90674 (1511.11 per sec.) Test execution summary: total time: 60.0048s total number of events: 45337 total time taken by event execution: 479.4912 per-request statistics: min: 2.04ms avg: 10.58ms max: 85.56ms approx. 95 percentile: 19.70ms Threads fairness: events (avg/stddev): 5667.1250/42.18 execution time (avg/stddev): 59.9364/0.00 [root@server1 ~]# VPS File Info [root@vps ~]# df -T Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/simfs simfs 20971520 16187440 4784080 78% / none tmpfs 6224432 4 6224428 1% /dev none tmpfs 6224432 0 6224432 0% /dev/shm [root@vps ~]# Laptop File Info [root@server1 ~]# df -T Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_server1-lv_root ext4 72383800 4243964 64462860 7% / tmpfs tmpfs 956352 0 956352 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdb1 ext4 495844 60948 409296 13% /boot [root@server1 ~]# VPS CPU Info Removed to stay under the 30000 character limit required by ServerFault Laptop CPU Info [root@server1 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 15 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7100 @ 1.80GHz stepping : 13 cpu MHz : 800.000 cache size : 2048 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 0 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 10 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm ida dts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority bogomips : 3591.39 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: processor : 1 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 15 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7100 @ 1.80GHz stepping : 13 cpu MHz : 800.000 cache size : 2048 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 1 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 1 initial apicid : 1 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 10 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm ida dts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority bogomips : 3591.39 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: [root@server1 ~]# EDIT New Info requested by shakalandy [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 2044804 kB MemFree: 761464 kB Buffers: 68868 kB Cached: 369708 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 881080 kB Inactive: 246016 kB Active(anon): 688312 kB Inactive(anon): 4416 kB Active(file): 192768 kB Inactive(file): 241600 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 4095992 kB SwapFree: 4095992 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 688428 kB Mapped: 65156 kB Shmem: 4216 kB Slab: 92428 kB SReclaimable: 31260 kB SUnreclaim: 61168 kB KernelStack: 2392 kB PageTables: 28356 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 5118392 kB Committed_AS: 1530212 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 343604 kB VmallocChunk: 34359372920 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 520192 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 8556 kB DirectMap2M: 2078720 kB [root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep mysql root 2227 0.0 0.0 108332 1504 ? S 07:36 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.pid mysql 2319 0.1 24.5 1470068 501360 ? Sl 07:36 0:57 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.err --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.pid root 3579 0.0 0.1 201840 3028 pts/0 S+ 07:40 0:00 mysql -u root -p root 13887 0.0 0.1 201840 3036 pts/3 S+ 18:08 0:00 mysql -uroot -px xxxxxxxxxx root 14449 0.0 0.0 103248 840 pts/2 S+ 18:16 0:00 grep mysql [root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep mysql root 2227 0.0 0.0 108332 1504 ? S 07:36 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.pid mysql 2319 0.1 24.5 1470068 501356 ? Sl 07:36 0:57 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.err --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.pid root 3579 0.0 0.1 201840 3028 pts/0 S+ 07:40 0:00 mysql -u root -p root 13887 0.0 0.1 201840 3048 pts/3 S+ 18:08 0:00 mysql -uroot -px xxxxxxxxxx root 14470 0.0 0.0 103248 840 pts/2 S+ 18:16 0:00 grep mysql [root@localhost ~]# vmstat 1 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 742172 76376 371064 0 0 6 6 78 202 2 1 97 1 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371060 0 0 0 16 191 467 2 1 93 5 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 148 388 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 159 418 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 145 380 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 166 429 2 1 97 0 0 1 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 148 373 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 149 382 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 168 408 2 0 97 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 165 394 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 159 354 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76388 371060 0 0 0 16 180 447 2 0 91 6 0 0 0 0 742164 76388 371064 0 0 0 0 143 344 2 1 98 0 0 0 1 0 742784 76416 370044 0 0 28 580 360 678 3 1 74 23 0 1 0 0 744768 76496 367772 0 0 40 1036 437 865 3 1 53 43 0 0 1 0 747248 76596 365412 0 0 48 1224 561 923 3 2 53 43 0 0 1 0 749232 76696 363092 0 0 32 1132 512 883 3 2 52 44 0 0 1 0 751340 76772 361020 0 0 32 1008 472 872 2 1 52 45 0 0 1 0 753448 76840 358540 0 0 36 1088 512 860 2 1 51 46 0 0 1 0 755060 76936 357636 0 0 28 1012 481 922 2 2 52 45 0 0 1 0 755060 77064 357988 0 0 12 896 444 902 2 1 53 45 0 0 1 0 754688 77148 358448 0 0 16 1096 506 1007 1 1 56 42 0 0 2 0 754192 77268 358932 0 0 12 1060 481 957 1 2 53 44 0 0 1 0 753696 77380 359392 0 0 12 1052 512 1025 2 1 55 42 0 0 1 0 751028 77480 359828 0 0 8 984 423 909 2 2 52 45 0 0 1 0 750524 77620 360200 0 0 8 788 367 869 1 2 54 44 0 0 1 0 749904 77700 360664 0 0 8 928 439 924 2 2 55 43 0 0 1 0 749408 77796 361084 0 0 12 976 468 967 1 1 56 43 0 0 1 0 748788 77896 361464 0 0 12 992 453 944 1 2 54 43 0 1 1 0 748416 77992 361996 0 0 12 784 392 868 2 1 52 46 0 0 1 0 747920 78092 362336 0 0 4 896 382 874 1 1 52 46 0 0 1 0 745252 78172 362780 0 0 12 1040 444 923 1 1 56 42 0 0 1 0 744764 78288 363220 0 0 8 1024 448 934 2 1 55 43 0 0 1 0 744144 78408 363668 0 0 8 1000 461 982 2 1 53 44 0 0 1 0 743648 78488 364148 0 0 8 872 443 888 2 1 54 43 0 0 1 0 743152 78548 364468 0 0 16 1020 511 995 2 1 55 43 0 0 1 0 742656 78632 365024 0 0 12 928 431 913 1 2 53 44 0 0 1 0 742160 78728 365468 0 0 12 996 470 955 2 2 54 44 0 1 1 0 739492 78840 365896 0 0 8 988 447 939 1 2 52 46 0 0 1 0 738872 78996 366352 0 0 12 972 442 928 1 1 55 44 0 1 1 0 738244 79148 366812 0 0 8 948 549 1126 2 2 54 43 0 0 1 0 737624 79312 367188 0 0 12 996 456 953 2 2 54 43 0 0 1 0 736880 79456 367660 0 0 12 960 444 918 1 1 53 46 0 0 1 0 736260 79584 368124 0 0 8 884 414 921 1 1 54 44 0 0 1 0 735648 79716 368488 0 0 12 976 450 955 2 1 56 41 0 0 1 0 733104 79840 368988 0 0 12 932 453 918 1 2 55 43 0 0 1 0 732608 79996 369356 0 0 16 916 444 889 1 2 54 43 0 1 1 0 731476 80128 369800 0 0 16 852 514 978 2 2 54 43 0 0 1 0 731244 80252 370200 0 0 8 904 398 870 2 1 55 43 0 1 1 0 730624 80384 370612 0 0 12 1032 447 977 1 2 57 41 0 0 1 0 730004 80524 371096 0 0 12 984 469 941 2 2 52 45 0 0 1 0 729508 80636 371544 0 0 12 928 438 922 2 1 52 46 0 0 1 0 728888 80756 371948 0 0 16 972 439 943 2 1 55 43 0 0 1 0 726468 80900 372272 0 0 8 960 545 1024 2 1 54 43 0 1 1 0 726344 81024 372272 0 0 8 464 490 1057 1 2 53 44 0 0 1 0 726096 81148 372276 0 0 4 328 441 1063 2 1 53 45 0 1 1 0 726096 81256 372292 0 0 0 296 387 975 1 1 53 45 0 0 1 0 725848 81380 372284 0 0 4 332 425 1034 2 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 725848 81496 372300 0 0 4 308 386 992 2 1 54 43 0 0 1 0 725600 81616 372296 0 0 4 328 404 1060 1 1 54 44 0 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 1 0 725600 81732 372296 0 0 4 328 439 1011 1 1 53 44 0 0 1 0 725476 81848 372308 0 0 0 316 441 1023 2 2 52 46 0 1 1 0 725352 81972 372300 0 0 4 344 451 1021 1 1 55 43 0 2 1 0 725228 82088 372320 0 0 0 328 427 1058 1 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 724980 82220 372300 0 0 4 336 419 999 2 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 724980 82328 372320 0 0 4 320 430 1019 1 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 724732 82436 372328 0 0 0 388 363 942 2 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 724608 82560 372312 0 0 4 308 419 993 1 2 54 44 0 1 0 0 724360 82684 372320 0 0 0 304 421 1028 2 1 55 42 0 1 0 0 724360 82684 372388 0 0 0 0 158 416 2 1 98 0 0 1 1 0 724236 82720 372360 0 0 0 6464 243 855 3 2 84 12 0 1 0 0 724112 82748 372360 0 0 0 5356 266 895 3 1 84 12 0 2 1 0 724112 82764 372380 0 0 0 3052 221 511 2 2 93 4 0 1 0 0 724112 82796 372372 0 0 0 4548 325 1067 2 2 81 16 0 1 0 0 724112 82816 372368 0 0 0 3240 259 829 3 1 90 6 0 1 0 0 724112 82836 372380 0 0 0 3260 309 822 3 2 88 8 0 1 1 0 724112 82876 372364 0 0 0 4680 326 978 3 1 77 19 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372380 0 0 0 512 207 508 2 1 95 2 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 138 361 2 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 158 397 2 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 146 395 2 1 98 0 0 2 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 160 395 2 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 163 382 1 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 176 422 2 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 134 351 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 190 429 2 1 97 0 0 0 0 0 724104 82884 372392 0 0 0 0 139 358 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 724848 82884 372392 0 0 0 4 211 432 2 1 97 0 0 1 0 0 724980 82884 372392 0 0 0 0 166 370 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 724980 82884 372392 0 0 0 0 164 397 2 1 98 0 0 ^C [root@localhost ~]# Database size mysql> SELECT table_schema "Data Base Name", sum( data_length + index_length ) / 1024 / 1024 "Data Base Size in MB", sum( data_free )/ 1024 / 1024 "Free Space in MB" FROM information_schema.TABLES GROUP BY table_schema; +--------------------+----------------------+------------------+ | Data Base Name | Data Base Size in MB | Free Space in MB | +--------------------+----------------------+------------------+ | bidjunction | 4.68750000 | 0.00000000 | | information_schema | 0.00976563 | 0.00000000 | | mysql | 0.63899899 | 0.00105286 | +--------------------+----------------------+------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> Before Query mysql> SHOW SESSION STATUS like '%Tmp%'; +-------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------+-------+ | Created_tmp_disk_tables | 0 | | Created_tmp_files | 6 | | Created_tmp_tables | 0 | +-------------------------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> After Query mysql> SHOW SESSION STATUS like '%Tmp%'; +-------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------+-------+ | Created_tmp_disk_tables | 0 | | Created_tmp_files | 6 | | Created_tmp_tables | 2 | +-------------------------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>

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• AutoMapper is not working for a Container class

  - by rboarman

  Hello, I have an AutoMapper issue that has been driving me crazy for way too long now. A similar question was also posted on the AutoMapper user site but has not gotten much love. The summary is that I have a container class that holds a Dictionary of components. The components are a derived object of a common base class. I also have a parallel structure that I am using as DTO objects to which I want to map. The error that gets generated seems to say that the mapper cannot map between two of the classes that I have included in the CreateMap calls. I think the error has to do with the fact that I have a Dictionary of objects that are not part of the container‘s hierarchy. I apologize in advance for the length of the code below. My simple test cases work. Needless to say, it’s only the more complex case that is failing. Here are the classes: #region Dto objects public class ComponentContainerDTO { public Dictionary<string, ComponentDTO> Components { get; set; } public ComponentContainerDTO() { this.Components = new Dictionary<string, ComponentDTO>(); } } public class EntityDTO : ComponentContainerDTO { public int Id { get; set; } } public class ComponentDTO { public EntityDTO Owner { get; set; } public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string ComponentType { get; set; } } public class HealthDTO : ComponentDTO { public decimal CurrentHealth { get; set; } } public class PhysicalLocationDTO : ComponentDTO { public Point2D Location { get; set; } } #endregion #region Domain objects public class ComponentContainer { public Dictionary<string, Component> Components { get; set; } public ComponentContainer() { this.Components = new Dictionary<string, Component>(); } } public class Entity : ComponentContainer { public int Id { get; set; } } public class Component { public Entity Owner { get; set; } public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string ComponentType { get; set; } } public class Health : Component { public decimal CurrentHealth { get; set; } } public struct Point2D { public decimal X; public decimal Y; public Point2D(decimal x, decimal y) { X = x; Y = y; } } public class PhysicalLocation : Component { public Point2D Location { get; set; } } #endregion The code: var entity = new Entity() { Id = 1 }; var healthComponent = new Health() { CurrentHealth = 100, Owner = entity, Name = "Health", Id = 2 }; entity.Components.Add("1", healthComponent); var locationComponent = new PhysicalLocation() { Location = new Point2D() { X = 1, Y = 2 }, Owner = entity, Name = "PhysicalLocation", Id = 3 }; entity.Components.Add("2", locationComponent); Mapper.CreateMap<ComponentContainer, ComponentContainerDTO>() .Include<Entity, EntityDTO>(); Mapper.CreateMap<Entity, EntityDTO>(); Mapper.CreateMap<Component, ComponentDTO>() .Include<Health, HealthDTO>() .Include<PhysicalLocation, PhysicalLocationDTO>(); Mapper.CreateMap<Component, ComponentDTO>(); Mapper.CreateMap<Health, HealthDTO>(); Mapper.CreateMap<PhysicalLocation, PhysicalLocationDTO>(); Mapper.AssertConfigurationIsValid(); var targetEntity = Mapper.Map<Entity, EntityDTO>(entity); The error when I call Map() (abbreviated stack crawls): AutoMapper.AutoMapperMappingException was unhandled Message=Trying to map MapperTest1.Entity to MapperTest1.EntityDTO. Using mapping configuration for MapperTest1.Entity to MapperTest1.EntityDTO Exception of type 'AutoMapper.AutoMapperMappingException' was thrown. Source=AutoMapper StackTrace: at AutoMapper.MappingEngine.AutoMapper.IMappingEngineRunner.Map(ResolutionContext context) . . . InnerException: AutoMapper.AutoMapperMappingException Message=Trying to map System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089],[MapperTest1.Component, ElasticTest1, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null]] to System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089],[MapperTest1.ComponentDTO, ElasticTest1, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null]]. Using mapping configuration for MapperTest1.Entity to MapperTest1.EntityDTO Destination property: Components Exception of type 'AutoMapper.AutoMapperMappingException' was thrown. Source=AutoMapper StackTrace: at AutoMapper.Mappers.TypeMapObjectMapperRegistry.PropertyMapMappingStrategy.MapPropertyValue(ResolutionContext context, IMappingEngineRunner mapper, Object mappedObject, PropertyMap propertyMap) . . InnerException: AutoMapper.AutoMapperMappingException Message=Trying to map System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089],[MapperTest1.Component, ElasticTest1, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null]] to System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089],[MapperTest1.ComponentDTO, ElasticTest1, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null]]. Using mapping configuration for MapperTest1.Entity to MapperTest1.EntityDTO Destination property: Components Exception of type 'AutoMapper.AutoMapperMappingException' was thrown. Source=AutoMapper StackTrace: at AutoMapper.MappingEngine.AutoMapper.IMappingEngineRunner.Map(ResolutionContext context) . InnerException: AutoMapper.AutoMapperMappingException Message=Trying to map MapperTest1.Component to MapperTest1.ComponentDTO. Using mapping configuration for MapperTest1.Health to MapperTest1.HealthDTO Destination property: Components Exception of type 'AutoMapper.AutoMapperMappingException' was thrown. Source=AutoMapper StackTrace: at AutoMapper.MappingEngine.AutoMapper.IMappingEngineRunner.Map(ResolutionContext context) . . InnerException: AutoMapper.AutoMapperMappingException Message=Trying to map System.Decimal to System.Decimal. Using mapping configuration for MapperTest1.Health to MapperTest1.HealthDTO Destination property: CurrentHealth Exception of type 'AutoMapper.AutoMapperMappingException' was thrown. Source=AutoMapper StackTrace: at AutoMapper.Mappers.TypeMapObjectMapperRegistry.PropertyMapMappingStrategy.MapPropertyValue(ResolutionContext context, IMappingEngineRunner mapper, Object mappedObject, PropertyMap propertyMap) . . InnerException: System.InvalidCastException Message=Unable to cast object of type 'MapperTest1.ComponentDTO' to type 'MapperTest1.HealthDTO'. Source=Anonymously Hosted DynamicMethods Assembly StackTrace: at SetCurrentHealth(Object , Object ) . . Thank you in advance. Rick

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• What is the fastest cyclic synchronization in Java (ExecutorService vs. CyclicBarrier vs. X)?

  - by Alex Dunlop

  Which Java synchronization construct is likely to provide the best performance for a concurrent, iterative processing scenario with a fixed number of threads like the one outlined below? After experimenting on my own for a while (using ExecutorService and CyclicBarrier) and being somewhat surprised by the results, I would be grateful for some expert advice and maybe some new ideas. Existing questions here do not seem to focus primarily on performance, hence this new one. Thanks in advance! The core of the app is a simple iterative data processing algorithm, parallelized to the spread the computational load across 8 cores on a Mac Pro, running OS X 10.6 and Java 1.6.0_07. The data to be processed is split into 8 blocks and each block is fed to a Runnable to be executed by one of a fixed number of threads. Parallelizing the algorithm was fairly straightforward, and it functionally works as desired, but its performance is not yet what I think it could be. The app seems to spend a lot of time in system calls synchronizing, so after some profiling I wonder whether I selected the most appropriate synchronization mechanism(s). A key requirement of the algorithm is that it needs to proceed in stages, so the threads need to sync up at the end of each stage. The main thread prepares the work (very low overhead), passes it to the threads, lets them work on it, then proceeds when all threads are done, rearranges the work (again very low overhead) and repeats the cycle. The machine is dedicated to this task, Garbage Collection is minimized by using per-thread pools of pre-allocated items, and the number of threads can be fixed (no incoming requests or the like, just one thread per CPU core). V1 - ExecutorService My first implementation used an ExecutorService with 8 worker threads. The program creates 8 tasks holding the work and then lets them work on it, roughly like this: // create one thread per CPU executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool( 8 ); ... // now process data in cycles while( ...) { // package data into 8 work items ... // create one Callable task per work item ... // submit the Callables to the worker threads executorService.invokeAll( taskList ); } This works well functionally (it does what it should), and for very large work items indeed all 8 CPUs become highly loaded, as much as the processing algorithm would be expected to allow (some work items will finish faster than others, then idle). However, as the work items become smaller (and this is not really under the program's control), the user CPU load shrinks dramatically: blocksize | system | user | cycles/sec 256k 1.8% 85% 1.30 64k 2.5% 77% 5.6 16k 4% 64% 22.5 4096 8% 56% 86 1024 13% 38% 227 256 17% 19% 420 64 19% 17% 948 16 19% 13% 1626 Legend: - block size = size of the work item (= computational steps) - system = system load, as shown in OS X Activity Monitor (red bar) - user = user load, as shown in OS X Activity Monitor (green bar) - cycles/sec = iterations through the main while loop, more is better The primary area of concern here is the high percentage of time spent in the system, which appears to be driven by thread synchronization calls. As expected, for smaller work items, ExecutorService.invokeAll() will require relatively more effort to sync up the threads versus the amount of work being performed in each thread. But since ExecutorService is more generic than it would need to be for this use case (it can queue tasks for threads if there are more tasks than cores), I though maybe there would be a leaner synchronization construct. V2 - CyclicBarrier The next implementation used a CyclicBarrier to sync up the threads before receiving work and after completing it, roughly as follows: main() { // create the barrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier( 8 + 1 ); // create Runable for thread, tell it about the barrier Runnable task = new WorkerThreadRunnable( barrier ); // start the threads for( int i = 0; i < 8; i++ ) { // create one thread per core new Thread( task ).start(); } while( ... ) { // tell threads about the work ... // N threads + this will call await(), then system proceeds barrier.await(); // ... now worker threads work on the work... // wait for worker threads to finish barrier.await(); } } class WorkerThreadRunnable implements Runnable { CyclicBarrier barrier; WorkerThreadRunnable( CyclicBarrier barrier ) { this.barrier = barrier; } public void run() { while( true ) { // wait for work barrier.await(); // do the work ... // wait for everyone else to finish barrier.await(); } } } Again, this works well functionally (it does what it should), and for very large work items indeed all 8 CPUs become highly loaded, as before. However, as the work items become smaller, the load still shrinks dramatically: blocksize | system | user | cycles/sec 256k 1.9% 85% 1.30 64k 2.7% 78% 6.1 16k 5.5% 52% 25 4096 9% 29% 64 1024 11% 15% 117 256 12% 8% 169 64 12% 6.5% 285 16 12% 6% 377 For large work items, synchronization is negligible and the performance is identical to V1. But unexpectedly, the results of the (highly specialized) CyclicBarrier seem MUCH WORSE than those for the (generic) ExecutorService: throughput (cycles/sec) is only about 1/4th of V1. A preliminary conclusion would be that even though this seems to be the advertised ideal use case for CyclicBarrier, it performs much worse than the generic ExecutorService. V3 - Wait/Notify + CyclicBarrier It seemed worth a try to replace the first cyclic barrier await() with a simple wait/notify mechanism: main() { // create the barrier // create Runable for thread, tell it about the barrier // start the threads while( ... ) { // tell threads about the work // for each: workerThreadRunnable.setWorkItem( ... ); // ... now worker threads work on the work... // wait for worker threads to finish barrier.await(); } } class WorkerThreadRunnable implements Runnable { CyclicBarrier barrier; @NotNull volatile private Callable<Integer> workItem; WorkerThreadRunnable( CyclicBarrier barrier ) { this.barrier = barrier; this.workItem = NO_WORK; } final protected void setWorkItem( @NotNull final Callable<Integer> callable ) { synchronized( this ) { workItem = callable; notify(); } } public void run() { while( true ) { // wait for work while( true ) { synchronized( this ) { if( workItem != NO_WORK ) break; try { wait(); } catch( InterruptedException e ) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } // do the work ... // wait for everyone else to finish barrier.await(); } } } Again, this works well functionally (it does what it should). blocksize | system | user | cycles/sec 256k 1.9% 85% 1.30 64k 2.4% 80% 6.3 16k 4.6% 60% 30.1 4096 8.6% 41% 98.5 1024 12% 23% 202 256 14% 11.6% 299 64 14% 10.0% 518 16 14.8% 8.7% 679 The throughput for small work items is still much worse than that of the ExecutorService, but about 2x that of the CyclicBarrier. Eliminating one CyclicBarrier eliminates half of the gap. V4 - Busy wait instead of wait/notify Since this app is the primary one running on the system and the cores idle anyway if they're not busy with a work item, why not try a busy wait for work items in each thread, even if that spins the CPU needlessly. The worker thread code changes as follows: class WorkerThreadRunnable implements Runnable { // as before final protected void setWorkItem( @NotNull final Callable<Integer> callable ) { workItem = callable; } public void run() { while( true ) { // busy-wait for work while( true ) { if( workItem != NO_WORK ) break; } // do the work ... // wait for everyone else to finish barrier.await(); } } } Also works well functionally (it does what it should). blocksize | system | user | cycles/sec 256k 1.9% 85% 1.30 64k 2.2% 81% 6.3 16k 4.2% 62% 33 4096 7.5% 40% 107 1024 10.4% 23% 210 256 12.0% 12.0% 310 64 11.9% 10.2% 550 16 12.2% 8.6% 741 For small work items, this increases throughput by a further 10% over the CyclicBarrier + wait/notify variant, which is not insignificant. But it is still much lower-throughput than V1 with the ExecutorService. V5 - ? So what is the best synchronization mechanism for such a (presumably not uncommon) problem? I am weary of writing my own sync mechanism to completely replace ExecutorService (assuming that it is too generic and there has to be something that can still be taken out to make it more efficient). It is not my area of expertise and I'm concerned that I'd spend a lot of time debugging it (since I'm not even sure my wait/notify and busy wait variants are correct) for uncertain gain. Any advice would be greatly appreciated.

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• Capturing and Transforming ASP.NET Output with Response.Filter

  - by Rick Strahl

  During one of my Handlers and Modules session at DevConnections this week one of the attendees asked a question that I didn’t have an immediate answer for. Basically he wanted to capture response output completely and then apply some filtering to the output – effectively injecting some additional content into the page AFTER the page had completely rendered. Specifically the output should be captured from anywhere – not just a page and have this code injected into the page. Some time ago I posted some code that allows you to capture ASP.NET Page output by overriding the Render() method, capturing the HtmlTextWriter() and reading its content, modifying the rendered data as text then writing it back out. I’ve actually used this approach on a few occasions and it works fine for ASP.NET pages. But this obviously won’t work outside of the Page class environment and it’s not really generic – you have to create a custom page class in order to handle the output capture. [updated 11/16/2009 – updated ResponseFilterStream implementation and a few additional notes based on comments] Enter Response.Filter However, ASP.NET includes a Response.Filter which can be used – well to filter output. Basically Response.Filter is a stream through which the OutputStream is piped back to the Web Server (indirectly). As content is written into the Response object, the filter stream receives the appropriate Stream commands like Write, Flush and Close as well as read operations although for a Response.Filter that’s uncommon to be hit. The Response.Filter can be programmatically replaced at runtime which allows you to effectively intercept all output generation that runs through ASP.NET. A common Example: Dynamic GZip Encoding A rather common use of Response.Filter hooking up code based, dynamic  GZip compression for requests which is dead simple by applying a GZipStream (or DeflateStream) to Response.Filter. The following generic routines can be used very easily to detect GZip capability of the client and compress response output with a single line of code and a couple of library helper routines: WebUtils.GZipEncodePage(); which is handled with a few lines of reusable code and a couple of static helper methods: /// <summary> ///Sets up the current page or handler to use GZip through a Response.Filter ///IMPORTANT:  ///You have to call this method before any output is generated! /// </summary> public static void GZipEncodePage() {     HttpResponse Response = HttpContext.Current.Response;     if(IsGZipSupported())     {         stringAcceptEncoding = HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers["Accept-Encoding"];         if(AcceptEncoding.Contains("deflate"))         {             Response.Filter = newSystem.IO.Compression.DeflateStream(Response.Filter,                                        System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode.Compress);             Response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "deflate");         }         else        {             Response.Filter = newSystem.IO.Compression.GZipStream(Response.Filter,                                       System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode.Compress);             Response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip");                            }     }     // Allow proxy servers to cache encoded and unencoded versions separately    Response.AppendHeader("Vary", "Content-Encoding"); } /// <summary> /// Determines if GZip is supported /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public static bool IsGZipSupported() { string AcceptEncoding = HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers["Accept-Encoding"]; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(AcceptEncoding) && (AcceptEncoding.Contains("gzip") || AcceptEncoding.Contains("deflate"))) return true; return false; } GZipStream and DeflateStream are streams that are assigned to Response.Filter and by doing so apply the appropriate compression on the active Response. Response.Filter content is chunked So to implement a Response.Filter effectively requires only that you implement a custom stream and handle the Write() method to capture Response output as it’s written. At first blush this seems very simple – you capture the output in Write, transform it and write out the transformed content in one pass. And that indeed works for small amounts of content. But you see, the problem is that output is written in small buffer chunks (a little less than 16k it appears) rather than just a single Write() statement into the stream, which makes perfect sense for ASP.NET to stream data back to IIS in smaller chunks to minimize memory usage en route. Unfortunately this also makes it a more difficult to implement any filtering routines since you don’t directly get access to all of the response content which is problematic especially if those filtering routines require you to look at the ENTIRE response in order to transform or capture the output as is needed for the solution the gentleman in my session asked for. So in order to address this a slightly different approach is required that basically captures all the Write() buffers passed into a cached stream and then making the stream available only when it’s complete and ready to be flushed. As I was thinking about the implementation I also started thinking about the few instances when I’ve used Response.Filter implementations. Each time I had to create a new Stream subclass and create my custom functionality but in the end each implementation did the same thing – capturing output and transforming it. I thought there should be an easier way to do this by creating a re-usable Stream class that can handle stream transformations that are common to Response.Filter implementations. Creating a semi-generic Response Filter Stream Class What I ended up with is a ResponseFilterStream class that provides a handful of Events that allow you to capture and/or transform Response content. The class implements a subclass of Stream and then overrides Write() and Flush() to handle capturing and transformation operations. By exposing events it’s easy to hook up capture or transformation operations via single focused methods. ResponseFilterStream exposes the following events: CaptureStream, CaptureString Captures the output only and provides either a MemoryStream or String with the final page output. Capture is hooked to the Flush() operation of the stream. TransformStream, TransformString Allows you to transform the complete response output with events that receive a MemoryStream or String respectively and can you modify the output then return it back as a return value. The transformed output is then written back out in a single chunk to the response output stream. These events capture all output internally first then write the entire buffer into the response. TransformWrite, TransformWriteString Allows you to transform the Response data as it is written in its original chunk size in the Stream’s Write() method. Unlike TransformStream/TransformString which operate on the complete output, these events only see the current chunk of data written. This is more efficient as there’s no caching involved, but can cause problems due to searched content splitting over multiple chunks. Using this implementation, creating a custom Response.Filter transformation becomes as simple as the following code. To hook up the Response.Filter using the MemoryStream version event: ResponseFilterStream filter = new ResponseFilterStream(Response.Filter); filter.TransformStream += filter_TransformStream; Response.Filter = filter; and the event handler to do the transformation: MemoryStream filter_TransformStream(MemoryStream ms) { Encoding encoding = HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding; string output = encoding.GetString(ms.ToArray()); output = FixPaths(output); ms = new MemoryStream(output.Length); byte[] buffer = encoding.GetBytes(output); ms.Write(buffer,0,buffer.Length); return ms; } private string FixPaths(string output) { string path = HttpContext.Current.Request.ApplicationPath; // override root path wonkiness if (path == "/") path = ""; output = output.Replace("\"~/", "\"" + path + "/").Replace("'~/", "'" + path + "/"); return output; } The idea of the event handler is that you can do whatever you want to the stream and return back a stream – either the same one that’s been modified or a brand new one – which is then sent back to as the final response. The above code can be simplified even more by using the string version events which handle the stream to string conversions for you: ResponseFilterStream filter = new ResponseFilterStream(Response.Filter); filter.TransformString += filter_TransformString; Response.Filter = filter; and the event handler to do the transformation calling the same FixPaths method shown above: string filter_TransformString(string output) { return FixPaths(output); } The events for capturing output and capturing and transforming chunks work in a very similar way. By using events to handle the transformations ResponseFilterStream becomes a reusable component and we don’t have to create a new stream class or subclass an existing Stream based classed. By the way, the example used here is kind of a cool trick which transforms “~/” expressions inside of the final generated HTML output – even in plain HTML controls not HTML controls – and transforms them into the appropriate application relative path in the same way that ResolveUrl would do. So you can write plain old HTML like this: <a href=”~/default.aspx”>Home</a>  and have it turned into: <a href=”/myVirtual/default.aspx”>Home</a>  without having to use an ASP.NET control like Hyperlink or Image or having to constantly use: <img src=”<%= ResolveUrl(“~/images/home.gif”) %>” /> in MVC applications (which frankly is one of the most annoying things about MVC especially given the path hell that extension-less and endpoint-less URLs impose). I can’t take credit for this idea. While discussing the Response.Filter issues on Twitter a hint from Dylan Beattie who pointed me at one of his examples which does something similar. I thought the idea was cool enough to use an example for future demos of Response.Filter functionality in ASP.NET next I time I do the Modules and Handlers talk (which was great fun BTW). How practical this is is debatable however since there’s definitely some overhead to using a Response.Filter in general and especially on one that caches the output and the re-writes it later. Make sure to test for performance anytime you use Response.Filter hookup and make sure it' doesn’t end up killing perf on you. You’ve been warned :-}. How does ResponseFilterStream work? The big win of this implementation IMHO is that it’s a reusable  component – so for implementation there’s no new class, no subclassing – you simply attach to an event to implement an event handler method with a straight forward signature to retrieve the stream or string you’re interested in. The implementation is based on a subclass of Stream as is required in order to handle the Response.Filter requirements. What’s different than other implementations I’ve seen in various places is that it supports capturing output as a whole to allow retrieving the full response output for capture or modification. The exception are the TransformWrite and TransformWrite events which operate only active chunk of data written by the Response. For captured output, the Write() method captures output into an internal MemoryStream that is cached until writing is complete. So Write() is called when ASP.NET writes to the Response stream, but the filter doesn’t pass on the Write immediately to the filter’s internal stream. The data is cached and only when the Flush() method is called to finalize the Stream’s output do we actually send the cached stream off for transformation (if the events are hooked up) and THEN finally write out the returned content in one big chunk. Here’s the implementation of ResponseFilterStream: /// <summary> /// A semi-generic Stream implementation for Response.Filter with /// an event interface for handling Content transformations via /// Stream or String. /// <remarks> /// Use with care for large output as this implementation copies /// the output into a memory stream and so increases memory usage. /// </remarks> /// </summary> public class ResponseFilterStream : Stream { /// <summary> /// The original stream /// </summary> Stream _stream; /// <summary> /// Current position in the original stream /// </summary> long _position; /// <summary> /// Stream that original content is read into /// and then passed to TransformStream function /// </summary> MemoryStream _cacheStream = new MemoryStream(5000); /// <summary> /// Internal pointer that that keeps track of the size /// of the cacheStream /// </summary> int _cachePointer = 0; /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="responseStream"></param> public ResponseFilterStream(Stream responseStream) { _stream = responseStream; } /// <summary> /// Determines whether the stream is captured /// </summary> private bool IsCaptured { get { if (CaptureStream != null || CaptureString != null || TransformStream != null || TransformString != null) return true; return false; } } /// <summary> /// Determines whether the Write method is outputting data immediately /// or delaying output until Flush() is fired. /// </summary> private bool IsOutputDelayed { get { if (TransformStream != null || TransformString != null) return true; return false; } } /// <summary> /// Event that captures Response output and makes it available /// as a MemoryStream instance. Output is captured but won't /// affect Response output. /// </summary> public event Action<MemoryStream> CaptureStream; /// <summary> /// Event that captures Response output and makes it available /// as a string. Output is captured but won't affect Response output. /// </summary> public event Action<string> CaptureString; /// <summary> /// Event that allows you transform the stream as each chunk of /// the output is written in the Write() operation of the stream. /// This means that that it's possible/likely that the input /// buffer will not contain the full response output but only /// one of potentially many chunks. /// /// This event is called as part of the filter stream's Write() /// operation. /// </summary> public event Func<byte[], byte[]> TransformWrite; /// <summary> /// Event that allows you to transform the response stream as /// each chunk of bytep[] output is written during the stream's write /// operation. This means it's possibly/likely that the string /// passed to the handler only contains a portion of the full /// output. Typical buffer chunks are around 16k a piece. /// /// This event is called as part of the stream's Write operation. /// </summary> public event Func<string, string> TransformWriteString; /// <summary> /// This event allows capturing and transformation of the entire /// output stream by caching all write operations and delaying final /// response output until Flush() is called on the stream. /// </summary> public event Func<MemoryStream, MemoryStream> TransformStream; /// <summary> /// Event that can be hooked up to handle Response.Filter /// Transformation. Passed a string that you can modify and /// return back as a return value. The modified content /// will become the final output. /// </summary> public event Func<string, string> TransformString; protected virtual void OnCaptureStream(MemoryStream ms) { if (CaptureStream != null) CaptureStream(ms); } private void OnCaptureStringInternal(MemoryStream ms) { if (CaptureString != null) { string content = HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding.GetString(ms.ToArray()); OnCaptureString(content); } } protected virtual void OnCaptureString(string output) { if (CaptureString != null) CaptureString(output); } protected virtual byte[] OnTransformWrite(byte[] buffer) { if (TransformWrite != null) return TransformWrite(buffer); return buffer; } private byte[] OnTransformWriteStringInternal(byte[] buffer) { Encoding encoding = HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding; string output = OnTransformWriteString(encoding.GetString(buffer)); return encoding.GetBytes(output); } private string OnTransformWriteString(string value) { if (TransformWriteString != null) return TransformWriteString(value); return value; } protected virtual MemoryStream OnTransformCompleteStream(MemoryStream ms) { if (TransformStream != null) return TransformStream(ms); return ms; } /// <summary> /// Allows transforming of strings /// /// Note this handler is internal and not meant to be overridden /// as the TransformString Event has to be hooked up in order /// for this handler to even fire to avoid the overhead of string /// conversion on every pass through. /// </summary> /// <param name="responseText"></param> /// <returns></returns> private string OnTransformCompleteString(string responseText) { if (TransformString != null) TransformString(responseText); return responseText; } /// <summary> /// Wrapper method form OnTransformString that handles /// stream to string and vice versa conversions /// </summary> /// <param name="ms"></param> /// <returns></returns> internal MemoryStream OnTransformCompleteStringInternal(MemoryStream ms) { if (TransformString == null) return ms; //string content = ms.GetAsString(); string content = HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding.GetString(ms.ToArray()); content = TransformString(content); byte[] buffer = HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding.GetBytes(content); ms = new MemoryStream(); ms.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); //ms.WriteString(content); return ms; } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public override bool CanRead { get { return true; } } public override bool CanSeek { get { return true; } } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public override bool CanWrite { get { return true; } } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public override long Length { get { return 0; } } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public override long Position { get { return _position; } set { _position = value; } } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="offset"></param> /// <param name="direction"></param> /// <returns></returns> public override long Seek(long offset, System.IO.SeekOrigin direction) { return _stream.Seek(offset, direction); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="length"></param> public override void SetLength(long length) { _stream.SetLength(length); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public override void Close() { _stream.Close(); } /// <summary> /// Override flush by writing out the cached stream data /// </summary> public override void Flush() { if (IsCaptured && _cacheStream.Length > 0) { // Check for transform implementations _cacheStream = OnTransformCompleteStream(_cacheStream); _cacheStream = OnTransformCompleteStringInternal(_cacheStream); OnCaptureStream(_cacheStream); OnCaptureStringInternal(_cacheStream); // write the stream back out if output was delayed if (IsOutputDelayed) _stream.Write(_cacheStream.ToArray(), 0, (int)_cacheStream.Length); // Clear the cache once we've written it out _cacheStream.SetLength(0); } // default flush behavior _stream.Flush(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="buffer"></param> /// <param name="offset"></param> /// <param name="count"></param> /// <returns></returns> public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) { return _stream.Read(buffer, offset, count); } /// <summary> /// Overriden to capture output written by ASP.NET and captured /// into a cached stream that is written out later when Flush() /// is called. /// </summary> /// <param name="buffer"></param> /// <param name="offset"></param> /// <param name="count"></param> public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) { if ( IsCaptured ) { // copy to holding buffer only - we'll write out later _cacheStream.Write(buffer, 0, count); _cachePointer += count; } // just transform this buffer if (TransformWrite != null) buffer = OnTransformWrite(buffer); if (TransformWriteString != null) buffer = OnTransformWriteStringInternal(buffer); if (!IsOutputDelayed) _stream.Write(buffer, offset, buffer.Length); } } The key features are the events and corresponding OnXXX methods that handle the event hookups, and the Write() and Flush() methods of the stream implementation. All the rest of the members tend to be plain jane passthrough stream implementation code without much consequence. I do love the way Action<t> and Func<T> make it so easy to create the event signatures for the various events – sweet. A few Things to consider Performance Response.Filter is not great for performance in general as it adds another layer of indirection to the ASP.NET output pipeline, and this implementation in particular adds a memory hit as it basically duplicates the response output into the cached memory stream which is necessary since you may have to look at the entire response. If you have large pages in particular this can cause potentially serious memory pressure in your server application. So be careful of wholesale adoption of this (or other) Response.Filters. Make sure to do some performance testing to ensure it’s not killing your app’s performance. Response.Filter works everywhere A few questions came up in comments and discussion as to capturing ALL output hitting the site and – yes you can definitely do that by assigning a Response.Filter inside of a module. If you do this however you’ll want to be very careful and decide which content you actually want to capture especially in IIS 7 which passes ALL content – including static images/CSS etc. through the ASP.NET pipeline. So it is important to filter only on what you’re looking for – like the page extension or maybe more effectively the Response.ContentType. Response.Filter Chaining Originally I thought that filter chaining doesn’t work at all due to a bug in the stream implementation code. But it’s quite possible to assign multiple filters to the Response.Filter property. So the following actually works to both compress the output and apply the transformed content: WebUtils.GZipEncodePage(); ResponseFilterStream filter = new ResponseFilterStream(Response.Filter); filter.TransformString += filter_TransformString; Response.Filter = filter; However the following does not work resulting in invalid content encoding errors: ResponseFilterStream filter = new ResponseFilterStream(Response.Filter); filter.TransformString += filter_TransformString; Response.Filter = filter; WebUtils.GZipEncodePage(); In other words multiple Response filters can work together but it depends entirely on the implementation whether they can be chained or in which order they can be chained. In this case running the GZip/Deflate stream filters apparently relies on the original content length of the output and chokes when the content is modified. But if attaching the compression first it works fine as unintuitive as that may seem. Resources Download example code Capture Output from ASP.NET Pages © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in ASP.NET  

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• Custom ASP.NET Routing to an HttpHandler

  - by Rick Strahl

  As of version 4.0 ASP.NET natively supports routing via the now built-in System.Web.Routing namespace. Routing features are automatically integrated into the HtttpRuntime via a few custom interfaces. New Web Forms Routing Support In ASP.NET 4.0 there are a host of improvements including routing support baked into Web Forms via a RouteData property available on the Page class and RouteCollection.MapPageRoute() route handler that makes it easy to route to Web forms. To map ASP.NET Page routes is as simple as setting up the routes with MapPageRoute:protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); } void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { routes.MapPageRoute("StockQuote", "StockQuote/{symbol}", "StockQuote.aspx"); routes.MapPageRoute("StockQuotes", "StockQuotes/{symbolList}", "StockQuotes.aspx"); } and then accessing the route data in the page you can then use the new Page class RouteData property to retrieve the dynamic route data information:public partial class StockQuote1 : System.Web.UI.Page { protected StockQuote Quote = null; protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { string symbol = RouteData.Values["symbol"] as string; StockServer server = new StockServer(); Quote = server.GetStockQuote(symbol); // display stock data in Page View } } Simple, quick and doesn’t require much explanation. If you’re using WebForms most of your routing needs should be served just fine by this simple mechanism. Kudos to the ASP.NET team for putting this in the box and making it easy! How Routing Works To handle Routing in ASP.NET involves these steps: Registering Routes Creating a custom RouteHandler to retrieve an HttpHandler Attaching RouteData to your HttpHandler Picking up Route Information in your Request code Registering routes makes ASP.NET aware of the Routes you want to handle via the static RouteTable.Routes collection. You basically add routes to this collection to let ASP.NET know which URL patterns it should watch for. You typically hook up routes off a RegisterRoutes method that fires in Application_Start as I did in the example above to ensure routes are added only once when the application first starts up. When you create a route, you pass in a RouteHandler instance which ASP.NET caches and reuses as routes are matched. Once registered ASP.NET monitors the routes and if a match is found just prior to the HttpHandler instantiation, ASP.NET uses the RouteHandler registered for the route and calls GetHandler() on it to retrieve an HttpHandler instance. The RouteHandler.GetHandler() method is responsible for creating an instance of an HttpHandler that is to handle the request and – if necessary – to assign any additional custom data to the handler. At minimum you probably want to pass the RouteData to the handler so the handler can identify the request based on the route data available. To do this you typically add  a RouteData property to your handler and then assign the property from the RouteHandlers request context. This is essentially how Page.RouteData comes into being and this approach should work well for any custom handler implementation that requires RouteData. It’s a shame that ASP.NET doesn’t have a top level intrinsic object that’s accessible off the HttpContext object to provide route data more generically, but since RouteData is directly tied to HttpHandlers and not all handlers support it it might cause some confusion of when it’s actually available. Bottom line is that if you want to hold on to RouteData you have to assign it to a custom property of the handler or else pass it to the handler via Context.Items[] object that can be retrieved on an as needed basis. It’s important to understand that routing is hooked up via RouteHandlers that are responsible for loading HttpHandler instances. RouteHandlers are invoked for every request that matches a route and through this RouteHandler instance the Handler gains access to the current RouteData. Because of this logic it’s important to understand that Routing is really tied to HttpHandlers and not available prior to handler instantiation, which is pretty late in the HttpRuntime’s request pipeline. IOW, Routing works with Handlers but not with earlier in the pipeline within Modules. Specifically ASP.NET calls RouteHandler.GetHandler() from the PostResolveRequestCache HttpRuntime pipeline event. Here’s the call stack at the beginning of the GetHandler() call: which fires just before handler resolution. Non-Page Routing – You need to build custom RouteHandlers If you need to route to a custom Http Handler or other non-Page (and non-MVC) endpoint in the HttpRuntime, there is no generic mapping support available. You need to create a custom RouteHandler that can manage creating an instance of an HttpHandler that is fired in response to a routed request. Depending on what you are doing this process can be simple or fairly involved as your code is responsible based on the route data provided which handler to instantiate, and more importantly how to pass the route data on to the Handler. Luckily creating a RouteHandler is easy by implementing the IRouteHandler interface which has only a single GetHttpHandler(RequestContext context) method. In this method you can pick up the requestContext.RouteData, instantiate the HttpHandler of choice, and assign the RouteData to it. Then pass back the handler and you’re done.Here’s a simple example of GetHttpHandler() method that dynamically creates a handler based on a passed in Handler type./// <summary> /// Retrieves an Http Handler based on the type specified in the constructor /// </summary> /// <param name="requestContext"></param> /// <returns></returns> IHttpHandler IRouteHandler.GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) { IHttpHandler handler = Activator.CreateInstance(CallbackHandlerType) as IHttpHandler; // If we're dealing with a Callback Handler // pass the RouteData for this route to the Handler if (handler is CallbackHandler) ((CallbackHandler)handler).RouteData = requestContext.RouteData; return handler; } Note that this code checks for a specific type of handler and if it matches assigns the RouteData to this handler. This is optional but quite a common scenario if you want to work with RouteData. If the handler you need to instantiate isn’t under your control but you still need to pass RouteData to Handler code, an alternative is to pass the RouteData via the HttpContext.Items collection:IHttpHandler IRouteHandler.GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) { IHttpHandler handler = Activator.CreateInstance(CallbackHandlerType) as IHttpHandler; requestContext.HttpContext.Items["RouteData"] = requestContext.RouteData; return handler; } The code in the handler implementation can then pick up the RouteData from the context collection as needed:RouteData routeData = HttpContext.Current.Items["RouteData"] as RouteData This isn’t as clean as having an explicit RouteData property, but it does have the advantage that the route data is visible anywhere in the Handler’s code chain. It’s definitely preferable to create a custom property on your handler, but the Context work-around works in a pinch when you don’t’ own the handler code and have dynamic code executing as part of the handler execution. An Example of a Custom RouteHandler: Attribute Based Route Implementation In this post I’m going to discuss a custom routine implementation I built for my CallbackHandler class in the West Wind Web & Ajax Toolkit. CallbackHandler can be very easily used for creating AJAX, REST and POX requests following RPC style method mapping. You can pass parameters via URL query string, POST data or raw data structures, and you can retrieve results as JSON, XML or raw string/binary data. It’s a quick and easy way to build service interfaces with no fuss. As a quick review here’s how CallbackHandler works: You create an Http Handler that derives from CallbackHandler You implement methods that have a [CallbackMethod] Attribute and that’s it. Here’s an example of an CallbackHandler implementation in an ashx.cs based handler:// RestService.ashx.cs public class RestService : CallbackHandler { [CallbackMethod] public StockQuote GetStockQuote(string symbol) { StockServer server = new StockServer(); return server.GetStockQuote(symbol); } [CallbackMethod] public StockQuote[] GetStockQuotes(string symbolList) { StockServer server = new StockServer(); string[] symbols = symbolList.Split(new char[2] { ',',';' },StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); return server.GetStockQuotes(symbols); } } CallbackHandler makes it super easy to create a method on the server, pass data to it via POST, QueryString or raw JSON/XML data, and then retrieve the results easily back in various formats. This works wonderful and I’ve used these tools in many projects for myself and with clients. But one thing missing has been the ability to create clean URLs. Typical URLs looked like this: http://www.west-wind.com/WestwindWebToolkit/samples/Rest/StockService.ashx?Method=GetStockQuote&symbol=msfthttp://www.west-wind.com/WestwindWebToolkit/samples/Rest/StockService.ashx?Method=GetStockQuotes&symbolList=msft,intc,gld,slw,mwe&format=xml which works and is clear enough, but also clearly very ugly. It would be much nicer if URLs could look like this: http://www.west-wind.com//WestwindWebtoolkit/Samples/StockQuote/msfthttp://www.west-wind.com/WestwindWebtoolkit/Samples/StockQuotes/msft,intc,gld,slw?format=xml (the Virtual Root in this sample is WestWindWebToolkit/Samples and StockQuote/{symbol} is the route)(If you use FireFox try using the JSONView plug-in make it easier to view JSON content) So, taking a clue from the WCF REST tools that use RouteUrls I set out to create a way to specify RouteUrls for each of the endpoints. The change made basically allows changing the above to: [CallbackMethod(RouteUrl="RestService/StockQuote/{symbol}")] public StockQuote GetStockQuote(string symbol) { StockServer server = new StockServer(); return server.GetStockQuote(symbol); } [CallbackMethod(RouteUrl = "RestService/StockQuotes/{symbolList}")] public StockQuote[] GetStockQuotes(string symbolList) { StockServer server = new StockServer(); string[] symbols = symbolList.Split(new char[2] { ',',';' },StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); return server.GetStockQuotes(symbols); } where a RouteUrl is specified as part of the Callback attribute. And with the changes made with RouteUrls I can now get URLs like the second set shown earlier. So how does that work? Let’s find out… How to Create Custom Routes As mentioned earlier Routing is made up of several steps: Creating a custom RouteHandler to create HttpHandler instances Mapping the actual Routes to the RouteHandler Retrieving the RouteData and actually doing something useful with it in the HttpHandler In the CallbackHandler routing example above this works out to something like this: Create a custom RouteHandler that includes a property to track the method to call Set up the routes using Reflection against the class Looking for any RouteUrls in the CallbackMethod attribute Add a RouteData property to the CallbackHandler so we can access the RouteData in the code of the handler Creating a Custom Route Handler To make the above work I created a custom RouteHandler class that includes the actual IRouteHandler implementation as well as a generic and static method to automatically register all routes marked with the [CallbackMethod(RouteUrl="…")] attribute. Here’s the code:/// <summary> /// Route handler that can create instances of CallbackHandler derived /// callback classes. The route handler tracks the method name and /// creates an instance of the service in a predictable manner /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TCallbackHandler">CallbackHandler type</typeparam> public class CallbackHandlerRouteHandler : IRouteHandler { /// <summary> /// Method name that is to be called on this route. /// Set by the automatically generated RegisterRoutes /// invokation. /// </summary> public string MethodName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// The type of the handler we're going to instantiate. /// Needed so we can semi-generically instantiate the /// handler and call the method on it. /// </summary> public Type CallbackHandlerType { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Constructor to pass in the two required components we /// need to create an instance of our handler. /// </summary> /// <param name="methodName"></param> /// <param name="callbackHandlerType"></param> public CallbackHandlerRouteHandler(string methodName, Type callbackHandlerType) { MethodName = methodName; CallbackHandlerType = callbackHandlerType; } /// <summary> /// Retrieves an Http Handler based on the type specified in the constructor /// </summary> /// <param name="requestContext"></param> /// <returns></returns> IHttpHandler IRouteHandler.GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) { IHttpHandler handler = Activator.CreateInstance(CallbackHandlerType) as IHttpHandler; // If we're dealing with a Callback Handler // pass the RouteData for this route to the Handler if (handler is CallbackHandler) ((CallbackHandler)handler).RouteData = requestContext.RouteData; return handler; } /// <summary> /// Generic method to register all routes from a CallbackHandler /// that have RouteUrls defined on the [CallbackMethod] attribute /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TCallbackHandler">CallbackHandler Type</typeparam> /// <param name="routes"></param> public static void RegisterRoutes<TCallbackHandler>(RouteCollection routes) { // find all methods var methods = typeof(TCallbackHandler).GetMethods(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public); foreach (var method in methods) { var attrs = method.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(CallbackMethodAttribute), false); if (attrs.Length < 1) continue; CallbackMethodAttribute attr = attrs[0] as CallbackMethodAttribute; if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(attr.RouteUrl)) continue; // Add the route routes.Add(method.Name, new Route(attr.RouteUrl, new CallbackHandlerRouteHandler(method.Name, typeof(TCallbackHandler)))); } } } The RouteHandler implements IRouteHandler, and its responsibility via the GetHandler method is to create an HttpHandler based on the route data. When ASP.NET calls GetHandler it passes a requestContext parameter which includes a requestContext.RouteData property. This parameter holds the current request’s route data as well as an instance of the current RouteHandler. If you look at GetHttpHandler() you can see that the code creates an instance of the handler we are interested in and then sets the RouteData property on the handler. This is how you can pass the current request’s RouteData to the handler. The RouteData object also has a  RouteData.RouteHandler property that is also available to the Handler later, which is useful in order to get additional information about the current route. In our case here the RouteHandler includes a MethodName property that identifies the method to execute in the handler since that value no longer comes from the URL so we need to figure out the method name some other way. The method name is mapped explicitly when the RouteHandler is created and here the static method that auto-registers all CallbackMethods with RouteUrls sets the method name when it creates the routes while reflecting over the methods (more on this in a minute). The important point here is that you can attach additional properties to the RouteHandler and you can then later access the RouteHandler and its properties later in the Handler to pick up these custom values. This is a crucial feature in that the RouteHandler serves in passing additional context to the handler so it knows what actions to perform. The automatic route registration is handled by the static RegisterRoutes<TCallbackHandler> method. This method is generic and totally reusable for any CallbackHandler type handler. To register a CallbackHandler and any RouteUrls it has defined you simple use code like this in Application_Start (or other application startup code):protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Register Routes for RestService CallbackHandlerRouteHandler.RegisterRoutes<RestService>(RouteTable.Routes); } If you have multiple CallbackHandler style services you can make multiple calls to RegisterRoutes for each of the service types. RegisterRoutes internally uses reflection to run through all the methods of the Handler, looking for CallbackMethod attributes and whether a RouteUrl is specified. If it is a new instance of a CallbackHandlerRouteHandler is created and the name of the method and the type are set. routes.Add(method.Name,           new Route(attr.RouteUrl, new CallbackHandlerRouteHandler(method.Name, typeof(TCallbackHandler) )) ); While the routing with CallbackHandlerRouteHandler is set up automatically for all methods that use the RouteUrl attribute, you can also use code to hook up those routes manually and skip using the attribute. The code for this is straightforward and just requires that you manually map each individual route to each method you want a routed: protected void Application_Start(objectsender, EventArgs e){    RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);}void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { routes.Add("StockQuote Route",new Route("StockQuote/{symbol}",                     new CallbackHandlerRouteHandler("GetStockQuote",typeof(RestService) ) ) );     routes.Add("StockQuotes Route",new Route("StockQuotes/{symbolList}",                     new CallbackHandlerRouteHandler("GetStockQuotes",typeof(RestService) ) ) );}I think it’s clearly easier to have CallbackHandlerRouteHandler.RegisterRoutes() do this automatically for you based on RouteUrl attributes, but some people have a real aversion to attaching logic via attributes. Just realize that the option to manually create your routes is available as well. Using the RouteData in the Handler A RouteHandler’s responsibility is to create an HttpHandler and as mentioned earlier, natively IHttpHandler doesn’t have any support for RouteData. In order to utilize RouteData in your handler code you have to pass the RouteData to the handler. In my CallbackHandlerRouteHandler when it creates the HttpHandler instance it creates the instance and then assigns the custom RouteData property on the handler:IHttpHandler handler = Activator.CreateInstance(CallbackHandlerType) as IHttpHandler; if (handler is CallbackHandler) ((CallbackHandler)handler).RouteData = requestContext.RouteData; return handler; Again this only works if you actually add a RouteData property to your handler explicitly as I did in my CallbackHandler implementation:/// <summary> /// Optionally store RouteData on this handler /// so we can access it internally /// </summary> public RouteData RouteData {get; set; } and the RouteHandler needs to set it when it creates the handler instance. Once you have the route data in your handler you can access Route Keys and Values and also the RouteHandler. Since my RouteHandler has a custom property for the MethodName to retrieve it from within the handler I can do something like this now to retrieve the MethodName (this example is actually not in the handler but target is an instance pass to the processor): // check for Route Data method name if (target is CallbackHandler) { var routeData = ((CallbackHandler)target).RouteData; if (routeData != null) methodToCall = ((CallbackHandlerRouteHandler)routeData.RouteHandler).MethodName; } When I need to access the dynamic values in the route ( symbol in StockQuote/{symbol}) I can retrieve it easily with the Values collection (RouteData.Values["symbol"]). In my CallbackHandler processing logic I’m basically looking for matching parameter names to Route parameters: // look for parameters in the routeif(routeData != null){    string parmString = routeData.Values[parameter.Name] as string;    adjustedParms[parmCounter] = ReflectionUtils.StringToTypedValue(parmString, parameter.ParameterType);} And with that we’ve come full circle. We’ve created a custom RouteHandler() that passes the RouteData to the handler it creates. We’ve registered our routes to use the RouteHandler, and we’ve utilized the route data in our handler. For completeness sake here’s the routine that executes a method call based on the parameters passed in and one of the options is to retrieve the inbound parameters off RouteData (as well as from POST data or QueryString parameters):internal object ExecuteMethod(string method, object target, string[] parameters, CallbackMethodParameterType paramType, ref CallbackMethodAttribute callbackMethodAttribute) { HttpRequest Request = HttpContext.Current.Request; object Result = null; // Stores parsed parameters (from string JSON or QUeryString Values) object[] adjustedParms = null; Type PageType = target.GetType(); MethodInfo MI = PageType.GetMethod(method, BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic); if (MI == null) throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid Server Method."); object[] methods = MI.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(CallbackMethodAttribute), false); if (methods.Length < 1) throw new InvalidOperationException("Server method is not accessible due to missing CallbackMethod attribute"); if (callbackMethodAttribute != null) callbackMethodAttribute = methods[0] as CallbackMethodAttribute; ParameterInfo[] parms = MI.GetParameters(); JSONSerializer serializer = new JSONSerializer(); RouteData routeData = null; if (target is CallbackHandler) routeData = ((CallbackHandler)target).RouteData; int parmCounter = 0; adjustedParms = new object[parms.Length]; foreach (ParameterInfo parameter in parms) { // Retrieve parameters out of QueryString or POST buffer if (parameters == null) { // look for parameters in the route if (routeData != null) { string parmString = routeData.Values[parameter.Name] as string; adjustedParms[parmCounter] = ReflectionUtils.StringToTypedValue(parmString, parameter.ParameterType); } // GET parameter are parsed as plain string values - no JSON encoding else if (HttpContext.Current.Request.HttpMethod == "GET") { // Look up the parameter by name string parmString = Request.QueryString[parameter.Name]; adjustedParms[parmCounter] = ReflectionUtils.StringToTypedValue(parmString, parameter.ParameterType); } // POST parameters are treated as methodParameters that are JSON encoded else if (paramType == CallbackMethodParameterType.Json) //string newVariable = methodParameters.GetValue(parmCounter) as string; adjustedParms[parmCounter] = serializer.Deserialize(Request.Params["parm" + (parmCounter + 1).ToString()], parameter.ParameterType); else adjustedParms[parmCounter] = SerializationUtils.DeSerializeObject( Request.Params["parm" + (parmCounter + 1).ToString()], parameter.ParameterType); } else if (paramType == CallbackMethodParameterType.Json) adjustedParms[parmCounter] = serializer.Deserialize(parameters[parmCounter], parameter.ParameterType); else adjustedParms[parmCounter] = SerializationUtils.DeSerializeObject(parameters[parmCounter], parameter.ParameterType); parmCounter++; } Result = MI.Invoke(target, adjustedParms); return Result; } The code basically uses Reflection to loop through all the parameters available on the method and tries to assign the parameters from RouteData, QueryString or POST variables. The parameters are converted into their appropriate types and then used to eventually make a Reflection based method call. What’s sweet is that the RouteData retrieval is just another option for dealing with the inbound data in this scenario and it adds exactly two lines of code plus the code to retrieve the MethodName I showed previously – a seriously low impact addition that adds a lot of extra value to this endpoint callback processing implementation. Debugging your Routes If you create a lot of routes it’s easy to run into Route conflicts where multiple routes have the same path and overlap with each other. This can be difficult to debug especially if you are using automatically generated routes like the routes created by CallbackHandlerRouteHandler.RegisterRoutes. Luckily there’s a tool that can help you out with this nicely. Phill Haack created a RouteDebugging tool you can download and add to your project. The easiest way to do this is to grab and add this to your project is to use NuGet (Add Library Package from your Project’s Reference Nodes):   which adds a RouteDebug assembly to your project. Once installed you can easily debug your routes with this simple line of code which needs to be installed at application startup:protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { CallbackHandlerRouteHandler.RegisterRoutes<StockService>(RouteTable.Routes); // Debug your routes RouteDebug.RouteDebugger.RewriteRoutesForTesting(RouteTable.Routes); } Any routed URL then displays something like this: The screen shows you your current route data and all the routes that are mapped along with a flag that displays which route was actually matched. This is useful – if you have any overlap of routes you will be able to see which routes are triggered – the first one in the sequence wins. This tool has saved my ass on a few occasions – and with NuGet now it’s easy to add it to your project in a few seconds and then remove it when you’re done. Routing Around Custom routing seems slightly complicated on first blush due to its disconnected components of RouteHandler, route registration and mapping of custom handlers. But once you understand the relationship between a RouteHandler, the RouteData and how to pass it to a handler, utilizing of Routing becomes a lot easier as you can easily pass context from the registration to the RouteHandler and through to the HttpHandler. The most important thing to understand when building custom routing solutions is to figure out how to map URLs in such a way that the handler can figure out all the pieces it needs to process the request. This can be via URL routing parameters and as I did in my example by passing additional context information as part of the RouteHandler instance that provides the proper execution context. In my case this ‘context’ was the method name, but it could be an actual static value like an enum identifying an operation or category in an application. Basically user supplied data comes in through the url and static application internal data can be passed via RouteHandler property values. Routing can make your application URLs easier to read by non-techie types regardless of whether you’re building Service type or REST applications, or full on Web interfaces. Routing in ASP.NET 4.0 makes it possible to create just about any extensionless URLs you can dream up and custom RouteHanmdler References Sample ProjectIncludes the sample CallbackHandler service discussed here along with compiled versionsof the Westwind.Web and Westwind.Utilities assemblies.  (requires .NET 4.0/VS 2010) West Wind Web Toolkit includes full implementation of CallbackHandler and the Routing Handler West Wind Web Toolkit Source CodeContains the full source code to the Westwind.Web and Westwind.Utilities assemblies usedin these samples. Includes the source described in the post.(Latest build in the Subversion Repository) CallbackHandler Source(Relevant code to this article tree in Westwind.Web assembly) JSONView FireFoxPluginA simple FireFox Plugin to easily view JSON data natively in FireFox.For IE you can use a registry hack to display JSON as raw text.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in ASP.NET  AJAX  HTTP  

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• Implementing Release Notes in TFS Team Build 2010

  - by Jakob Ehn

  In TFS Team Build (all versions), each build is associated with changesets and work items. To determine which changesets that should be associated with the current build, Team Build finds the label of the “Last Good Build” an then aggregates all changesets up unitl the label for the current build. Basically this means that if your build is failing, every changeset that is checked in will be accumulated in this list until the build is successful. All well, but there uis a dimension missing here, regarding to releases. Often you can run several release builds until you actually deploy the result of the build to a test or production system. When you do this, wouldn’t it be nice to be able to send the customer a nice release note that contain all work items and changeset since the previously deployed version? At our company, we have developed a Release Repository, which basically is a siple web site with a SQL database as storage. Every time we run a Release Build, the resulting installers, zip-files, sql scripts etc, gets pushed into the release repositor together with the relevant build information. This information contains things such as start time, who triggered the build etc. Also, it contains the associated changesets and work items. When deploying the MSI’s for a new version, we mark the build as Deployed in the release repository. The depoyed status is stored in the release repository database, but it could also have been implemented by setting the Build Quality for that build to Deployed. When generating the release notes, the web site simple runs through each release build back to the previous build that was marked as Deplyed, and aggregates the work items and changesets: Here is a sample screenshot on how this looks for a sample build/application The web site is available both for us and also for the customers and testers, which means that they can easily get the latest version of a particular application and at the same time see what changes are included in this version. There is a lot going on in the Release Build Process that drives this in our TFS 2010 server, but in this post I will show how you can access and read the changeset and work item information in a custom activity. Since Team Build associates changesets and work items for each build, this information is (partially) available inside the build process template. The Associate Changesets and Work Items for non-Shelveset Builds activity (located inside the Try  Compile, Test, and Associate Changesets and Work Items activity) defines and populates a variable called associatedWorkItems   You can see that this variable is an IList containing instances of the Changeset class (from the Microsoft.TeamFoundation.VersionControl.Client namespace). Now, if you want to access this variable later on in the build process template, you need to declare a new variable in the corresponding scope and the assign the value to this variable. In this sample, I declared a variable called assocChangesets in the RunAgent sequence, which basically covers the whol compile, test and drop part of the build process:   Now, you need to assign the value from the AssociatedChangesets to this variable. This is done using the Assign workflow activity:   Now you can add a custom activity any where inside the RunAgent sequence and use this variable. NB: Of course your activity must place somewhere after the variable has been poplated. To finish off, here is code snippet that shows how you can read the changeset and work item information from the variable.   First you add an InArgumet on your activity where you can pass i the variable that we defined. [RequiredArgument] public InArgument<IList<Changeset>> AssociatedChangesets { get; set; } Then you can traverse all the changesets in the list, and for each changeset use the WorkItems property to get the work items that were associated in that changeset: foreach (Changeset ch in associatedChangesets) { // Add change theChangesets.Add( new AssociatedChangeset(ch.ChangesetId, ch.ArtifactUri, ch.Committer, ch.Comment, ch.ChangesetId)); foreach (var wi in ch.WorkItems) { theWorkItems.Add( new AssociatedWorkItem(wi["System.AssignedTo"].ToString(), wi.Id, wi["System.State"].ToString(), wi.Title, wi.Type.Name, wi.Id, wi.Uri)); } } NB: AssociatedChangeset and AssociatedWorkItem are custom classes that we use internally for storing this information that is eventually pushed to the release repository.

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• Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship – book review

  - by DigiMortal

     Writing code that is easy read and test is not something that is easy to achieve. Unfortunately there are still way too much programming students who write awful spaghetti after graduating. But there is one really good book that helps you raise your code to new level – your code will be also communication tool for you and your fellow programmers. “Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship” by Robert C. Martin is excellent book that helps you start writing the easily readable code. Of course, you are the one who has to learn and practice but using this book you have very good guide that keeps you going to right direction. You can start writing better code while you read this book and you can do it right in your current projects – you don’t have to create new guestbook or some other simple application to start practicing. Take the project you are working on and start making it better! My special thanks to Robert C. Martin I want to say my special thanks to Robert C. Martin for this book. There are many books that teach you different stuff and usually you have markable learning curve to go before you start getting results. There are many books that show you the direction to go and then leave you alone figuring out how to achieve all that stuff you just read about. Clean Code gives you a lot more – the mental tools to use so you can go your way to clean code being sure you will be soon there. I am reading books as much as I have time for it. Clean Code is top-level book for developers who have to write working code. Before anything else take Clean Code and read it. You will never regret your decision. I promise. Fragment of editorial review “Even bad code can function. But if code isn’t clean, it can bring a development organization to its knees. Every year, countless hours and significant resources are lost because of poorly written code. But it doesn’t have to be that way. What kind of work will you be doing? You’ll be reading code—lots of code. And you will be challenged to think about what’s right about that code, and what’s wrong with it. More importantly, you will be challenged to reassess your professional values and your commitment to your craft. Readers will come away from this book understanding How to tell the difference between good and bad code How to write good code and how to transform bad code into good code How to create good names, good functions, good objects, and good classes How to format code for maximum readability How to implement complete error handling without obscuring code logic How to unit test and practice test-driven development This book is a must for any developer, software engineer, project manager, team lead, or systems analyst with an interest in producing better code.” Table of contents Clean code Meaningful names Functions Comments Formatting Objects and data structures Error handling Boundaries Unit tests Classes Systems Emergence Concurrency Successive refinement JUnit internals Refactoring SerialDate Smells and heuristics A Concurrency II org.jfree.date.SerialDate Cross references of heuristics Epilogue Index

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• An Xml Serializable PropertyBag Dictionary Class for .NET

  - by Rick Strahl

  I don't know about you but I frequently need property bags in my applications to store and possibly cache arbitrary data. Dictionary<T,V> works well for this although I always seem to be hunting for a more specific generic type that provides a string key based dictionary. There's string dictionary, but it only works with strings. There's Hashset<T> but it uses the actual values as keys. In most key value pair situations for me string is key value to work off. Dictionary<T,V> works well enough, but there are some issues with serialization of dictionaries in .NET. The .NET framework doesn't do well serializing IDictionary objects out of the box. The XmlSerializer doesn't support serialization of IDictionary via it's default serialization, and while the DataContractSerializer does support IDictionary serialization it produces some pretty atrocious XML. What doesn't work? First off Dictionary serialization with the Xml Serializer doesn't work so the following fails: [TestMethod] public void DictionaryXmlSerializerTest() { var bag = new Dictionary<string, object>(); bag.Add("key", "Value"); bag.Add("Key2", 100.10M); bag.Add("Key3", Guid.NewGuid()); bag.Add("Key4", DateTime.Now); bag.Add("Key5", true); bag.Add("Key7", new byte[3] { 42, 45, 66 }); TestContext.WriteLine(this.ToXml(bag)); } public string ToXml(object obj) { if (obj == null) return null; StringWriter sw = new StringWriter(); XmlSerializer ser = new XmlSerializer(obj.GetType()); ser.Serialize(sw, obj); return sw.ToString(); } The error you get with this is: System.NotSupportedException: The type System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089],[System.Object, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]] is not supported because it implements IDictionary. Got it! BTW, the same is true with binary serialization. Running the same code above against the DataContractSerializer does work: [TestMethod] public void DictionaryDataContextSerializerTest() { var bag = new Dictionary<string, object>(); bag.Add("key", "Value"); bag.Add("Key2", 100.10M); bag.Add("Key3", Guid.NewGuid()); bag.Add("Key4", DateTime.Now); bag.Add("Key5", true); bag.Add("Key7", new byte[3] { 42, 45, 66 }); TestContext.WriteLine(this.ToXmlDcs(bag)); } public string ToXmlDcs(object value, bool throwExceptions = false) { var ser = new DataContractSerializer(value.GetType(), null, int.MaxValue, true, false, null); MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); ser.WriteObject(ms, value); return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray(), 0, (int)ms.Length); } This DOES work but produces some pretty heinous XML (formatted with line breaks and indentation here): <ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringanyType xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/Arrays" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <KeyValueOfstringanyType> <Key>key</Key> <Value i:type="a:string" xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">Value</Value> </KeyValueOfstringanyType> <KeyValueOfstringanyType> <Key>Key2</Key> <Value i:type="a:decimal" xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">100.10</Value> </KeyValueOfstringanyType> <KeyValueOfstringanyType> <Key>Key3</Key> <Value i:type="a:guid" xmlns:a="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/">2cd46d2a-a636-4af4-979b-e834d39b6d37</Value> </KeyValueOfstringanyType> <KeyValueOfstringanyType> <Key>Key4</Key> <Value i:type="a:dateTime" xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">2011-09-19T17:17:05.4406999-07:00</Value> </KeyValueOfstringanyType> <KeyValueOfstringanyType> <Key>Key5</Key> <Value i:type="a:boolean" xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">true</Value> </KeyValueOfstringanyType> <KeyValueOfstringanyType> <Key>Key7</Key> <Value i:type="a:base64Binary" xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">Ki1C</Value> </KeyValueOfstringanyType> </ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringanyType> Ouch! That seriously hurts the eye! :-) Worse though it's extremely verbose with all those repetitive namespace declarations. It's good to know that it works in a pinch, but for a human readable/editable solution or something lightweight to store in a database it's not quite ideal. Why should I care? As a little background, in one of my applications I have a need for a flexible property bag that is used on a free form database field on an otherwise static entity. Basically what I have is a standard database record to which arbitrary properties can be added in an XML based string field. I intend to expose those arbitrary properties as a collection from field data stored in XML. The concept is pretty simple: When loading write the data to the collection, when the data is saved serialize the data into an XML string and store it into the database. When reading the data pick up the XML and if the collection on the entity is accessed automatically deserialize the XML into the Dictionary. (I'll talk more about this in another post). While the DataContext Serializer would work, it's verbosity is problematic both for size of the generated XML strings and the fact that users can manually edit this XML based property data in an advanced mode. A clean(er) layout certainly would be preferable and more user friendly. Custom XMLSerialization with a PropertyBag Class So… after a bunch of experimentation with different serialization formats I decided to create a custom PropertyBag class that provides for a serializable Dictionary. It's basically a custom Dictionary<TType,TValue> implementation with the keys always set as string keys. The result are PropertyBag<TValue> and PropertyBag (which defaults to the object type for values). The PropertyBag<TType> and PropertyBag classes provide these features: Subclassed from Dictionary<T,V> Implements IXmlSerializable with a cleanish XML format ToXml() and FromXml() methods to export and import to and from XML strings Static CreateFromXml() method to create an instance It's simple enough as it's merely a Dictionary<string,object> subclass but that supports serialization to a - what I think at least - cleaner XML format. The class is super simple to use: [TestMethod] public void PropertyBagTwoWayObjectSerializationTest() { var bag = new PropertyBag(); bag.Add("key", "Value"); bag.Add("Key2", 100.10M); bag.Add("Key3", Guid.NewGuid()); bag.Add("Key4", DateTime.Now); bag.Add("Key5", true); bag.Add("Key7", new byte[3] { 42,45,66 } ); bag.Add("Key8", null); bag.Add("Key9", new ComplexObject() { Name = "Rick", Entered = DateTime.Now, Count = 10 }); string xml = bag.ToXml(); TestContext.WriteLine(bag.ToXml()); bag.Clear(); bag.FromXml(xml); Assert.IsTrue(bag["key"] as string == "Value"); Assert.IsInstanceOfType( bag["Key3"], typeof(Guid)); Assert.IsNull(bag["Key8"]); //Assert.IsNull(bag["Key10"]); Assert.IsInstanceOfType(bag["Key9"], typeof(ComplexObject)); } This uses the PropertyBag class which uses a PropertyBag<string,object> - which means it returns untyped values of type object. I suspect for me this will be the most common scenario as I'd want to store arbitrary values in the PropertyBag rather than one specific type. The same code with a strongly typed PropertyBag<decimal> looks like this: [TestMethod] public void PropertyBagTwoWayValueTypeSerializationTest() { var bag = new PropertyBag<decimal>(); bag.Add("key", 10M); bag.Add("Key1", 100.10M); bag.Add("Key2", 200.10M); bag.Add("Key3", 300.10M); string xml = bag.ToXml(); TestContext.WriteLine(bag.ToXml()); bag.Clear(); bag.FromXml(xml); Assert.IsTrue(bag.Get("Key1") == 100.10M); Assert.IsTrue(bag.Get("Key3") == 300.10M); } and produces typed results of type decimal. The types can be either value or reference types the combination of which actually proved to be a little more tricky than anticipated due to null and specific string value checks required - getting the generic typing right required use of default(T) and Convert.ChangeType() to trick the compiler into playing nice. Of course the whole raison d'etre for this class is the XML serialization. You can see in the code above that we're doing a .ToXml() and .FromXml() to serialize to and from string. The XML produced for the first example looks like this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <properties> <item> <key>key</key> <value>Value</value> </item> <item> <key>Key2</key> <value type="decimal">100.10</value> </item> <item> <key>Key3</key> <value type="___System.Guid"> <guid>f7a92032-0c6d-4e9d-9950-b15ff7cd207d</guid> </value> </item> <item> <key>Key4</key> <value type="datetime">2011-09-26T17:45:58.5789578-10:00</value> </item> <item> <key>Key5</key> <value type="boolean">true</value> </item> <item> <key>Key7</key> <value type="base64Binary">Ki1C</value> </item> <item> <key>Key8</key> <value type="nil" /> </item> <item> <key>Key9</key> <value type="___Westwind.Tools.Tests.PropertyBagTest+ComplexObject"> <ComplexObject> <Name>Rick</Name> <Entered>2011-09-26T17:45:58.5789578-10:00</Entered> <Count>10</Count> </ComplexObject> </value> </item> </properties>   The format is a bit cleaner than the DataContractSerializer. Each item is serialized into <key> <value> pairs. If the value is a string no type information is written. Since string tends to be the most common type this saves space and serialization processing. All other types are attributed. Simple types are mapped to XML types so things like decimal, datetime, boolean and base64Binary are encoded using their Xml type values. All other types are embedded with a hokey format that describes the .NET type preceded by a three underscores and then are encoded using the XmlSerializer. You can see this best above in the ComplexObject encoding. For custom types this isn't pretty either, but it's more concise than the DCS and it works as long as you're serializing back and forth between .NET clients at least. The XML generated from the second example that uses PropertyBag<decimal> looks like this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <properties> <item> <key>key</key> <value type="decimal">10</value> </item> <item> <key>Key1</key> <value type="decimal">100.10</value> </item> <item> <key>Key2</key> <value type="decimal">200.10</value> </item> <item> <key>Key3</key> <value type="decimal">300.10</value> </item> </properties>   How does it work As I mentioned there's nothing fancy about this solution - it's little more than a subclass of Dictionary<T,V> that implements custom Xml Serialization and a couple of helper methods that facilitate getting the XML in and out of the class more easily. But it's proven very handy for a number of projects for me where dynamic data storage is required. Here's the code: /// <summary> /// Creates a serializable string/object dictionary that is XML serializable /// Encodes keys as element names and values as simple values with a type /// attribute that contains an XML type name. Complex names encode the type /// name with type='___namespace.classname' format followed by a standard xml /// serialized format. The latter serialization can be slow so it's not recommended /// to pass complex types if performance is critical. /// </summary> [XmlRoot("properties")] public class PropertyBag : PropertyBag<object> { /// <summary> /// Creates an instance of a propertybag from an Xml string /// </summary> /// <param name="xml">Serialize</param> /// <returns></returns> public static PropertyBag CreateFromXml(string xml) { var bag = new PropertyBag(); bag.FromXml(xml); return bag; } } /// <summary> /// Creates a serializable string for generic types that is XML serializable. /// /// Encodes keys as element names and values as simple values with a type /// attribute that contains an XML type name. Complex names encode the type /// name with type='___namespace.classname' format followed by a standard xml /// serialized format. The latter serialization can be slow so it's not recommended /// to pass complex types if performance is critical. /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TValue">Must be a reference type. For value types use type object</typeparam> [XmlRoot("properties")] public class PropertyBag<TValue> : Dictionary<string, TValue>, IXmlSerializable { /// <summary> /// Not implemented - this means no schema information is passed /// so this won't work with ASMX/WCF services. /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public System.Xml.Schema.XmlSchema GetSchema() { return null; } /// <summary> /// Serializes the dictionary to XML. Keys are /// serialized to element names and values as /// element values. An xml type attribute is embedded /// for each serialized element - a .NET type /// element is embedded for each complex type and /// prefixed with three underscores. /// </summary> /// <param name="writer"></param> public void WriteXml(System.Xml.XmlWriter writer) { foreach (string key in this.Keys) { TValue value = this[key]; Type type = null; if (value != null) type = value.GetType(); writer.WriteStartElement("item"); writer.WriteStartElement("key"); writer.WriteString(key as string); writer.WriteEndElement(); writer.WriteStartElement("value"); string xmlType = XmlUtils.MapTypeToXmlType(type); bool isCustom = false; // Type information attribute if not string if (value == null) { writer.WriteAttributeString("type", "nil"); } else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(xmlType)) { if (xmlType != "string") { writer.WriteStartAttribute("type"); writer.WriteString(xmlType); writer.WriteEndAttribute(); } } else { isCustom = true; xmlType = "___" + value.GetType().FullName; writer.WriteStartAttribute("type"); writer.WriteString(xmlType); writer.WriteEndAttribute(); } // Actual deserialization if (!isCustom) { if (value != null) writer.WriteValue(value); } else { XmlSerializer ser = new XmlSerializer(value.GetType()); ser.Serialize(writer, value); } writer.WriteEndElement(); // value writer.WriteEndElement(); // item } } /// <summary> /// Reads the custom serialized format /// </summary> /// <param name="reader"></param> public void ReadXml(System.Xml.XmlReader reader) { this.Clear(); while (reader.Read()) { if (reader.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Element && reader.Name == "key") { string xmlType = null; string name = reader.ReadElementContentAsString(); // item element reader.ReadToNextSibling("value"); if (reader.MoveToNextAttribute()) xmlType = reader.Value; reader.MoveToContent(); TValue value; if (xmlType == "nil") value = default(TValue); // null else if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(xmlType)) { // value is a string or object and we can assign TValue to value string strval = reader.ReadElementContentAsString(); value = (TValue) Convert.ChangeType(strval, typeof(TValue)); } else if (xmlType.StartsWith("___")) { while (reader.Read() && reader.NodeType != XmlNodeType.Element) { } Type type = ReflectionUtils.GetTypeFromName(xmlType.Substring(3)); //value = reader.ReadElementContentAs(type,null); XmlSerializer ser = new XmlSerializer(type); value = (TValue)ser.Deserialize(reader); } else value = (TValue)reader.ReadElementContentAs(XmlUtils.MapXmlTypeToType(xmlType), null); this.Add(name, value); } } } /// <summary> /// Serializes this dictionary to an XML string /// </summary> /// <returns>XML String or Null if it fails</returns> public string ToXml() { string xml = null; SerializationUtils.SerializeObject(this, out xml); return xml; } /// <summary> /// Deserializes from an XML string /// </summary> /// <param name="xml"></param> /// <returns>true or false</returns> public bool FromXml(string xml) { this.Clear(); // if xml string is empty we return an empty dictionary if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(xml)) return true; var result = SerializationUtils.DeSerializeObject(xml, this.GetType()) as PropertyBag<TValue>; if (result != null) { foreach (var item in result) { this.Add(item.Key, item.Value); } } else // null is a failure return false; return true; } /// <summary> /// Creates an instance of a propertybag from an Xml string /// </summary> /// <param name="xml"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static PropertyBag<TValue> CreateFromXml(string xml) { var bag = new PropertyBag<TValue>(); bag.FromXml(xml); return bag; } } } The code uses a couple of small helper classes SerializationUtils and XmlUtils for mapping Xml types to and from .NET, both of which are from the WestWind,Utilities project (which is the same project where PropertyBag lives) from the West Wind Web Toolkit. The code implements ReadXml and WriteXml for the IXmlSerializable implementation using old school XmlReaders and XmlWriters (because it's pretty simple stuff - no need for XLinq here). Then there are two helper methods .ToXml() and .FromXml() that basically allow your code to easily convert between XML and a PropertyBag object. In my code that's what I use to actually to persist to and from the entity XML property during .Load() and .Save() operations. It's sweet to be able to have a string key dictionary and then be able to turn around with 1 line of code to persist the whole thing to XML and back. Hopefully some of you will find this class as useful as I've found it. It's a simple solution to a common requirement in my applications and I've used the hell out of it in the  short time since I created it. Resources You can find the complete code for the two classes plus the helpers in the Subversion repository for Westwind.Utilities. You can grab the source files from there or download the whole project. You can also grab the full Westwind.Utilities assembly from NuGet and add it to your project if that's easier for you. PropertyBag Source Code SerializationUtils and XmlUtils Westwind.Utilities Assembly on NuGet (add from Visual Studio) © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in .NET  CSharp   Tweet (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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• The dislikes of TDD

  - by andrewstopford

  I enjoy debates about TDD and Brian Harrys blog post is no exception. Brian sounds out what he likes and dislikes about TDD and it's the dislikes I'll focus on. The idea of having unit tests that cover virtually every line of code that I’ve written that I have to refactor every time I refactor my code makes me shudder.  Doing this way makes me take nearly twice as long as it would otherwise take and I don’t feel like I get sufficient benefits from it. Refactoring your tests to match your refactored code sounds like the tests are suffering. Too many hard dependencies with no SOLID concerns are a sure fire reason you would do this. Maybe at the start of a TDD cycle you would need to do this as your design evolves and you remove these dependencies but this should quickly be resolved as you refactor. If you find your self still doing it then stop and look back at your design. Don’t get me wrong, I’m a big fan of unit tests.  I just prefer to write them after the code has stopped shaking a bit.  In fact most of my early testing is “manual”.  Either I write a small UI on top of my service that allows me to plug in values and try it or write some quick API tests that I throw away as soon as I have validated them. The problem with this is that a UI can make assumptions on your code that then just unit test around and very quickly the design becomes bad and you technical debt sweeps in. If you want to blackbox test your code with a UI then do so after your TDD cycles not before. This is probably by biggest issue with a literal TDD interpretation.  TDD says you never write a line of code without a failing test to show you need it.  I find it leads developers down a dangerous path.  Without any help from a methodology, I have met way too many developers in my life that “back into a solution”.  By this, I mean they write something, it mostly works and they discover a new requirement so they tack it on, and another and another and when they are done, they’ve got a monstrosity of special cases each designed to handle one specific scenario.  There’s way more code than there should be and it’s way too complicated to understand. I believe in finding general solutions to problems from which all the special cases naturally derive rather than building a solution of special cases.  In my mind, to do this, you have to start by conceptualizing and coding the framework of the general algorithm.  For me, that’s a relatively monolithic exercise. TDD is an development pratice not a methodology, the danger is that the solution becomes a mass of different things that violate DRY. TDD won't solve these problems, only good communication and practices like pairing will help. Above all else an assumption that TDD replaces a methodology is a mistake, combine it with what ever works for your team\business but only good communication will help. A good naming scheme\structure for folders, files and tests can help you and your team isolate what tests are for what.

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• C# 4.0: COM Interop Improvements

  - by Paulo Morgado

  Dynamic resolution as well as named and optional arguments greatly improve the experience of interoperating with COM APIs such as Office Automation Primary Interop Assemblies (PIAs). But, in order to alleviate even more COM Interop development, a few COM-specific features were also added to C# 4.0. Ommiting ref Because of a different programming model, many COM APIs contain a lot of reference parameters. These parameters are typically not meant to mutate a passed-in argument, but are simply another way of passing value parameters. Specifically for COM methods, the compiler allows to declare the method call passing the arguments by value and will automatically generate the necessary temporary variables to hold the values in order to pass them by reference and will discard their values after the call returns. From the point of view of the programmer, the arguments are being passed by value. This method call: object fileName = "Test.docx"; object missing = Missing.Value; document.SaveAs(ref fileName, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing); can now be written like this: document.SaveAs("Test.docx", Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value); And because all parameters that are receiving the Missing.Value value have that value as its default value, the declaration of the method call can even be reduced to this: document.SaveAs("Test.docx"); Dynamic Import Many COM methods accept and return variant types, which are represented in the PIAs as object. In the vast majority of cases, a programmer calling these methods already knows the static type of a returned object form the context of the call, but has to explicitly perform a cast on the returned values to make use of that knowledge. These casts are so common that they constitute a major nuisance. To make the developer’s life easier, it is now possible to import the COM APIs in such a way that variants are instead represented using the type dynamic which means that COM signatures have now occurrences of dynamic instead of object. This means that members of a returned object can now be easily accessed or assigned into a strongly typed variable without having to cast. Instead of this code: ((Excel.Range)(excel.Cells[1, 1])).Value2 = "Hello World!"; this code can now be used: excel.Cells[1, 1] = "Hello World!"; And instead of this: Excel.Range range = (Excel.Range)(excel.Cells[1, 1]); this can be used: Excel.Range range = excel.Cells[1, 1]; Indexed And Default Properties A few COM interface features are still not available in C#. On the top of the list are indexed properties and default properties. As mentioned above, these will be possible if the COM interface is accessed dynamically, but will not be recognized by statically typed C# code. No PIAs – Type Equivalence And Type Embedding For assemblies indentified with PrimaryInteropAssemblyAttribute, the compiler will create equivalent types (interfaces, structs, enumerations and delegates) and embed them in the generated assembly. To reduce the final size of the generated assembly, only the used types and their used members will be generated and embedded. Although this makes development and deployment of applications using the COM components easier because there’s no need to deploy the PIAs, COM component developers are still required to build the PIAs.

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