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  • Any way to list similar commands?

    - by Septagram
    When you write the command name wrong, bash often does this: septi@norbert:~$ good No command 'good' found, did you mean: Command 'gold' from package 'binutils' (main) Command 'gmod' from package 'gmod' (universe) Command 'goo' from package 'goo' (universe) Command 'god' from package 'god' (universe) Command 'geod' from package 'proj-bin' (universe) Command 'gord' from package 'scotch' (universe) good: command not found Or sometimes it does this: septi@norbert:~$ nftp No command 'nftp' found, but there are 23 similar ones nftp: command not found Is there any way to ask bash to show these 23 similar commands for me? And, is there a way to show similar commands, including those that aren't yet installed, instead of running the application, ftp for example?

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  • How can a script detect if the user is idle

    - by josinalvo
    I want to check, inside a bash script (*), how much time the user of a X session has been idle The user himself does not have to be using bash, but just X. If the user just moved the mouse, for example, a good answer would be "idle for 0 seconds". If he has not touched the computer in 5 minutes, a good answer would be "idle for 300 seconds" The reason to not use xautolock straight away is to be able to implement some complex behavior. For example, if the user is idle for 10 minutes, try to suspend, if he is idle for more 5 minutes, shutoff (I know it sounds odd, but suspend does not always work here ...) (*)or could be another language.

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  • Help writing server script to ban IP's from a list

    - by Chev_603
    I have a VPS that I use as an openvpn and web server. For some reason, my apache log files are filled with thousands of these hack attempts: "POST /xmlrpc.php HTTP/1.0" 404 395 These attack attempts fill up 90% of my logs. I think it's a WordPress vulnerability they're looking for. Obviously they are not successful (I don't even have Wordpress on my server), but it's annoying and probably resource consuming as well. I am trying to write a bash script that will do the following: Search the apache logs and grab the offending IP's (even if they try it once), Sort them into a list with each unique IP on a seperate line, And then block them using the IP table rules. I am a bash newb, and so far my script does everything except Step 3. I can manually block the IP's, but that's tedious and besides, this is Linux and it's perfectly capable of doing it for me. I also want the script to be customizable so that I (or anyone else who wants to use it) can change the variables to suit whatever situation I/they may deal with in the future. Here is the script so far: #!/bin/bash ##IP LIST GENERATOR ##Author Chev Young ##Script to search Apache logs and list IP's based on custom filters ## ##Define our variables: DIRECT=~/Script ##Location of script&where to put results/temp files LOGFILE=/var/log/apache2/access.log ## Logfile to search for offenders TEMPLIST=xml_temp ## Temporary file name IP_LIST=ipstoban ## Name of results file FILTER1=xmlrpc ## What are we looking for? (Requests we want to ban) cd $DIRECT if [ ! -f $TEMPLIST ];then touch $TEMPLIST ##Create temp file fi cat $LOGFILE | grep $FILTER1 >> $DIRECT/$TEMPLIST ## Only interested in the IP's, so: sed -e 's/\([0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+\).*$/\1/' -e t -e d $DIRECT/$TEMPLIST | sort | uniq > $DIRECT/$IP_LIST rm $TEMPLIST ## Clean temp file echo "Done. Results located at $DIRECT/$IP_LIST" So I need help with the next part of the script, which should ban the IP's (incoming and perhaps outgoing too) from the resulting $IP_LIST file. I don't care if it utilizes UFW or IPTables directly, as long as it bans the IP's. I'd probably run it as a cron task. What I'm having trouble with is understanding how to use line of the result file as a seperate variable to do something like: ufw deny $IP1 $IP2 $IP3, ect Any ideas? Thanks.

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  • What's the difference between set, export and env and when should I use each?

    - by Oli
    Every so often I'll bash out a bash script and it strikes me there are a few ways of setting a variable: key=value env key=value export key=value When you're inside a script or a single command (for instance, I'll often chain a variable with a Wine launcher to set the right Wine prefix) these seem to be completely interchangeable but surely that can't be the case. What's the difference between these three methods and can you give me an example of when I would specifically want to use each one? Definitely related to What is the difference between `VAR=...` and `export VAR=...`? but I want to know how env fits into this too, and some examples showing the benefits of each would be nice too :)

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  • sed problem ....

    - by moata_u
    hello there ... am facing problem in sed command , i was trying write a bash script that do the following : 1. search for the line that contain :@ , 2.then save the line that contained :@ and replace it with new line ....as following : ! /bin/bash echo "Please enter the ip address of you file" read ipnumber find=grep ':@' application.properties # find the line input="connection.url=jdbc\racle\:thin\:@$ipnumber\:1521\:billz" # preparing new line echo sed "s/'${find}'/'${input}'/g" application.properties # replace old with new line **Problem is nothing happen !!!! * I already tried to use "${find}" instead of '${find}'

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  • can't control pianobar after using echo

    - by Ubuntuusr22222
    I have a script that starts pianobar (pandora player) and autoloads into tty2 after booting. I'm running Ubuntu Precise 12.04. it's a pretty simple script: #!bin/bash sleep 5 echo "2" | pianobar This works, it selects station 2 and begins playing... but when I try to type in commands it doesn't work (like pushing "p" for pause.) It'll show the letter for a second, then hide it. If I try to exit with ctrl+z it just sits there and I can't use it at all. If I run this it works fine but doesn't auto-select the second station: #!bin/bash sleep 5 pianobar Is there anyway to write this so it will automatically input "2" and then allow me to control from there? Or am I stuck with having to select 2 every time I boot up?

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  • Run two shell file with thread

    - by user1149157
    How i can run two file shell in parallel and do not shared the same jvm. may be i use thread but how i run two file shell bu two thread ? File 1: #!/bin/bash # # Script for running several experimentations one the same JVM # Usage : TRACE_DIR NB_EXPE Factories... # param="parameter1" another="parameter2" for ((i = 10; i >= 0; i -= 1)) do echo "run my file with param another " done File 2 : #!/bin/bash # # Script for running several experimentations one the same JVM # Usage : TRACE_DIR NB_EXPE Factories... # a="101" b="400" c="500" echo "run my programme with a b c "

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  • How to auto-restart a python script on fail?

    - by norm
    This post describes how to keep a child process alive in a BASH script: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/696839/how-do-i-write-a-bash-script-to-restart-a-process-if-it-dies This worked great for calling another BASH script. However, I tried executing something similar where the child process is a Python script: #!/bin/bash PYTHON=/usr/bin/python2.6 function myprocess { $PYTHON daemon.py start } NOW=$(date +"%b-%d-%y") until myprocess; do echo "$NOW Prog crashed. Restarting..." >> error.txt sleep 1 done Now the behaviour is completely different. It seems the python script is no longer a child of of the bash script but seems to have 'taken over' the BASH scripts PID - so there is no longer a BASH wrapper round the called script...why?

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  • Linux Commands: Making Bash Error Messages Friendlier

    <b>Linux Planet:</b> "Bash error messages, like so many error messages, can be more cryptic than helpful. But the good news is bash has a built-in mechanism for creating your own customized error messages, and you don't have to be an ace programmer to do it. Ubuntu and openSUSE already use this; Akkana Peck shows us how to do it ourselves."

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  • Tutorial: Linux Commands: Making Bash Error Messages Friendlier

    Bash error messages, like so many error messages, can be more cryptic than helpful. But the good news is bash has a built-in mechanism for creating your own customized error messages, and you don't have to be an ace programmer to do it. Ubuntu and openSUSE already use this; Akkana Peck shows us how to do it ourselves.

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  • Given a main function and a cleanup function, how (canonically) do I return an exit status in Bash/Linux?

    - by Zac B
    Context: I have a bash script (a wrapper for other scripts, really), that does the following pseudocode: do a main function if the main function returns: $returncode = $? #most recent return code if the main function runs longer than a timeout: kill the main function $returncode = 140 #the semi-canonical "exceeded allowed wall clock time" status run a cleanup function if the cleanup function returns an error: #nonzero return code exit $? #exit the program with the status returned from the cleanup function else #cleanup was successful .... Question: What should happen after the last line? If the cleanup function was successful, but the main function was not, should my program return 0 (for the successful cleanup), or $returncode, which contains the (possibly nonzero and unsuccessful) return code of the main function? For a specific application, the answer would be easy: "it depends on what you need the script for." However, this is more of a general/canonical question (and if this is the wrong place for it, kill it with fire): in Bash (or Linux in general) programming, do you typically want to return the status that "means" something (i.e. $returncode) or do you ignore such subjectivities and simply return the code of the most recent function? This isn't Bash-specific: if I have a standalone executable of any kind, how, canonically should it behave in these cases? Obviously, this is somewhat debatable. Even if there is a system for these things, I'm sure that a lot of people ignore it. All the same, I'd like to know. Cheers!

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  • autocomplete not working on one sever, works on others

    - by dogmatic69
    I have Ubuntu 10.10 x64 and x86 running on various servers and auto complete works on all of them bar one. The issue: apt-<tab> would show a list of options but sudo apt-<tab> would not. After fiddling with it for a few hours i've found that /etc/bash_autocomplete did not exist. on the broken server. Copying the one from a working one it now works. but still not properly. sudo apt-get ins<tab> does not show do anything. listing the files in /etc/bash_autocomplete.d/ on the working server has about 50 files, and the broken one only two or three. i dont think that i can just copy these files though as it might show commands for things that are not even installed. TL;DR autocomplete broken, how can i fix it. Seems like its disabled somewhere, why is this EDIT: Ok, it was not ever installed... $ sudo apt-get install bash-completion Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following NEW packages will be installed bash-completion 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded. Need to get 140kB of archives. After this operation, 1,061kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick-updates/main bash-completion all 1:1.2-2ubuntu1.1 [140kB] Fetched 140kB in 0s (174kB/s) Selecting previously deselected package bash-completion. (Reading database ... 23808 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking bash-completion (from .../bash-completion_1%3a1.2-2ubuntu1.1_all.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up bash-completion (1:1.2-2ubuntu1.1) ... its now kinda working, but still wonky... apt-get ins<tab> gives sudo apt-get insserv as the option. also apt-get install php5<tab> gives apt-get install php5/ not php5-* options.

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  • smtp.gmail.com from bash gives "Error in certificate: Peer's certificate issuer is not recognized."

    - by ndasusers
    I needed my script to email admin if there is a problem, and the company only uses Gmail. Following a few posts instructions I was able to set up mailx using a .mailrc file. there was first the error of nss-config-dir I solved that by copying some .db files from a firefox directory. to ./certs and aiming to it in mailrc. A mail was sent. However, the error above came up. By some miracle, there was a Google certificate in the .db. It showed up with this command: ~]$ certutil -L -d certs Certificate Nickname Trust Attributes SSL,S/MIME,JAR/XPI GeoTrust SSL CA ,, VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3 ,, Microsoft Internet Authority ,, VeriSign Class 3 Extended Validation SSL CA ,, Akamai Subordinate CA 3 ,, MSIT Machine Auth CA 2 ,, Google Internet Authority ,, Most likely, it can be ignored, because the mail worked anyway. Finally, after pulling some hair and many googles, I found out how to rid myself of the annoyance. First, export the existing certificate to a ASSCII file: ~]$ certutil -L -n 'Google Internet Authority' -d certs -a > google.cert.asc Now re-import that file, and mark it as a trusted for SSL certificates, ala: ~]$ certutil -A -t "C,," -n 'Google Internet Authority' -d certs -i google.cert.asc After this, listing shows it trusted: ~]$ certutil -L -d certs Certificate Nickname Trust Attributes SSL,S/MIME,JAR/XPI ... Google Internet Authority C,, And mailx sends out with no hitch. ~]$ /bin/mailx -A gmail -s "Whadda ya no" [email protected] ho ho ho EOT ~]$ I hope it is helpful to someone looking to be done with the error. Also, I am curious about somethings. How could I get this certificate, if it were not in the mozilla database by chance? Is there for instance, something like this? ~]$ certutil -A -t "C,," \ -n 'gmail.com' \ -d certs \ -i 'http://google.com/cert/this...'

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  • How can I style the command being entered in a bash prompt?

    - by C4H5As
    While watching this intro video to Brunch, at about t=1:30 the command prompt being used has some very cool styles. The part I'm interested in is how the presenter managed to colour the text being entered on the prompt, while it's being entered. It looks like the first argument is coloured green when it becomes a valid executable command & purple when it's invalid. Successive arguments appear white, though it looks like a valid file path gets an underline (see ~ t=2:01). What's the trick here? Is this a custom terminal emulator? Is it some kind of magic $PS1?

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  • In bash, how do I escape an exclamation mark?

    - by Matthew
    I want to do something like bzr commit -m "It works!". I can sort of escape the exclamation mark by doing bzr commit -m "It works\!". However, then my commit message includes the backslash. How do I escape the exclamation mark, while still ignoring the backslash?

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  • Linux bash: when to use egrep instead of grep?

    - by Michael Mao
    Hi all : I am preparing for a Linux terminal assessment now, I tried to Google and found most resources are referring to the basic "grep" rather than the more powerful "egrep" -- well, that is at least what the professor said in lecture. I am always working with small samples so performance tuning is a thing too far away. So basically I'd like to know are there any areas where I must switch to egrep to do it in a better way? Is it safe to work with basic "grep" as for now? will there be potential risks? Sorry about my limited knowledge on Linux shell commands, the man page looks like a maze to me and honestly I haven't put much time in understanding all the features both command provide.

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  • How to disconnect a running bash job from the shell in Linux?

    - by raven
    I have a script that starts a server on a remote VM. All works great until I close the shell where I executed the script. When the shell closes, so does the server. After some looking around I found the following: & will send the job to the background when executed with the symbol disown -h will disconnect the job from the shell and allow it to run regardless of the shell. The command I used is: ./startServer.sh nasb_wxscat160_catalog-4.1.6 1.0.8 > catalog-log.txt & disown -h When I closed the shell and checked using ps -ef | grep java to see if the job is still working I did see it in the list. However when I tried to connect to the server it was unresponsive. On deeper inspection, the log file was filled just until I closed the shell and using the ps -m flag I say the process jobs were not working. Has any one encountered some thing of this sort?

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  • Bash Shell Scripting - How to iterate through directories, and copy and rename files?

    - by Cypher
    I have a directory setup as follows: /hosted/partner1/logo.png /hosted/partner2/logo.png /hosted/partner3/logo.png /hosted/partner4/logo.png /hosted/partner5/logo.png ..etc. I want to write a script that can COPY those files to a different location, with a different file name, like this: /partners/partner1.png /partners/partner2.png /partners/partner3.png ..etc. Any ideas? I'm not so great with shell scripting and there are a lot of files that I need to migrate to a single directory...

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  • Where do you find the Bash source files of programs in Linux/Mac OSX?

    - by AndrewKS
    I am currently writing some convenience methods for my terminal in my bash_profile and am sure if what I am writing is "the best way". I figure a good way to verify whether what I'm doing is right or not would be to find some source code of more established programs and see how they do it. My question then is, where can I find this code on my Mac? An example is, with Macports installed, where is the source code that opens the port interactive console when I type nothing but "port" in my shell? (I added Linux in the title even though I am on a Mac because I assume the answer would be the same for both) Edit: The answer I am looking for is in terms of which directory relative to the programs will I find their unix scripts.

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