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• Should programmers do Pro Bono work? where are the code public defenders?

  - by Tj Kellie

  How many projects are people doing based on the Bro Bono publico ideals versus working for the highest wage or potential for a cash-in-buy-out payday? For years lawyers have been called out for excessive gathering of wealth from high bill rates and huge settlement deals, hiring out their knowledge and skills to the highest bidders. People call for them to do more for free, use the laws and their time to defend or further some cause thats in the public's best interest. Is professional software development that different? So many bright people and so much knowledge of complex systems. Do you think that there is enough of a "Pro Bono" movement to solve the social and public problems in the industry right now? If so what are the examples to point to? OLPC? NOTE: Saying that open source software is the same as pro bono misses the point completely. I was looking for specific projects with a social context, not just group-sourcing for free software. Just because your not making anyone pay for your software does not mean its doing anyone any good. I'm not calling out manual enforcement of pro bono work for programmers, really just want some objective opinions and concrete examples of social-minded software/tech development projects like the One Laptop Per Child project. I'm sure open source would be a natural tie-in for some.

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• Finalists for Community Manager of the Year Announced

  - by Mike Stiles

  For as long as brand social has been around, there’s still an amazing disparity from company to company on the role of Community Manager. At some brands, they are the lead social innovators. At others, the task has been relegated to interns who are at the company temporarily. Some have total autonomy and trust. Others must get chain-of-command permission each time they engage. So what does a premiere “worth their weight in gold” Community Manager look like? More than anyone else in the building, they have the most intimate knowledge of who the customer is. They live on the front lines and are the first to detect problems and opportunities. They are sincere, raving fans of the brand themselves and are trusted advocates for the others. They’re fun to be around. They aren’t salespeople. Give me one Community Manager who’s been at the job 6 months over 5 focus groups any day. Because not unlike in speed dating, they must immediately learn how to make a positive, lasting impression on fans so they’ll want to return and keep the relationship going. They’re informers and entertainers, with a true belief in the value of the brand’s proposition. Internally, they live at the mercy of the resources allocated toward social. Many, whose managers don’t understand the time involved in properly curating a community, are tasked with 2 or 3 too many of them. 63% of CM’s will spend over 30 hours a week on one community. They come to intuitively know the value of the relationships they’re building, even if they can’t always be shown in a bar graph to the C-suite. Many must communicate how the customer feels to executives that simply don’t seem to want to hear it. Some can get the answers fans want quickly, others are frustrated in their ability to respond within an impressive timeframe. In short, in a corporate world coping with sweeping technological changes, amidst business school doublespeak, pie charts, decks, strat sessions and data points, the role of the Community Manager is the most…human. They are the true emotional connection to the real life customer. Which is why we sought to find a way to recognize and honor who they are, what they do, and how well they have defined the position as social grows and integrates into the larger organization. Meet our 3 finalists for Community Manager of the Year. Jeff Esposito with VistaprintJeff manages and heads up content strategy for all social networks and blogs. He also crafts company-wide policies surrounding the social space. Vistaprint won the NEDMA Gold Award for Twitter Strategy in 2010 and 2011, and a Bronze in 2011 for Social Media Strategy. Prior to Vistaprint, Jeff was Media Relations Manager with the Long Island Ducks. He graduated from Seton Hall University with a BA in English and a minor in Classical Studies. Stacey Acevero with Vocus In addition to social management, Stacey blogs at Vocus on influential marketing and social media, and blogs at PRWeb on public relations and SEO. She’s been named one of the #Nifty50 Women in Tech on Twitter 2 years in a row, as well as included in the 15 up-and-coming PR pros to watch in 2012. Carly Severn with the San Francisco BalletCarly drives engagement, widens the fanbase and generates digital content for America’s oldest professional ballet company. Managed properties include Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Pinterest, Instagram, YouTube and G+. Prior to joining the SF Ballet, Carly was Marketing & Press Coordinator at The Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge, where she graduated with a degree in English. We invite you to join us at the first annual Oracle Social Media Summit November 14 and 15 at the Wynn in Las Vegas where our finalists will be featured. Over 300 top brand marketers, agency executives, and social leaders & innovators will be exploring how social is transforming business. Space is limited and the information valuable, so get more info and get registered as soon as possible at the event site.

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• Combinations into pairs

  - by Will

  I'm working on a directed network problem and trying to compute all valid paths between two points. I need a way to look at paths up to 30 "trips" (represented by an [origin, destination] pair) in length. The full route is then composed of a series of these pairs: route = [[start, city2], [city2, city3], [city3, city4], [city4, city5], [city5, city6], [city6, city7], [city7, city8], [city8, stop]] So far my best solution is as follows: def numRoutes(graph, start, stop, minStops, maxStops): routes = [] route = [[start, stop]] if distance(graph, route) != "NO SUCH ROUTE" and len(route) >= minStops and len(route) <= maxStops: routes.append(route) if maxStops >= 2: for city2 in routesFromCity(graph, start): route = [[start, city2],[city2, stop]] if distance(graph, route) != "NO SUCH ROUTE" and len(route) >= minStops and len(route) <= maxStops: routes.append(route) if maxStops >= 3: for city2 in routesFromCity(graph, start): for city3 in routesFromCity(graph, city2): route = [[start, city2], [city2, city3], [city3, stop]] if distance(graph, route) != "NO SUCH ROUTE" and len(route) >= minStops and len(route) <= maxStops: routes.append(route) if maxStops >= 4: for city2 in routesFromCity(graph, start): for city3 in routesFromCity(graph, city2): for city4 in routesFromCity(graph, city3): route = [[start, city2], [city2, city3], [city3, city4], [city4, stop]] if distance(graph, route) != "NO SUCH ROUTE" and len(route) >= minStops and len(route) <= maxStops: routes.append(route) if maxStops >= 5: for city2 in routesFromCity(graph, start): for city3 in routesFromCity(graph, city2): for city4 in routesFromCity(graph, city3): for city5 in routesFromCity(graph, city4): route = [[start, city2], [city2, city3], [city3, city4], [city4, city5], [city5, stop]] if distance(graph, route) != "NO SUCH ROUTE" and len(route) >= minStops and len(route) <= maxStops: routes.append(route) return routes Where numRoutes is fed my network graph where numbers represent distances: [[0, 5, 0, 5, 7], [0, 0, 4, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 8, 2], [0, 0, 8, 0, 6], [0, 3, 0, 0, 0]] a start city, an end city and the parameters for the length of the routes. distance checks if a route is viable and routesFromCity returns the attached nodes to each fed in city. I have a feeling there's a far more efficient way to generate all of the routes especially as I move toward many more steps, but I can't seem to get anything else to work.

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• ifconfig networking telnet

  - by jhon

  Hi guys, I'm newbie around networking, I have a question: what I want is to telnet a specific IP/server, let us say 192.168.128.1 then, I try $telnet 192.168.128.1 Trying... and that's all.. I never get connected one of my friends made some script that "fixes" it, AFTER running it I was able to connect to the server using $telnet 192.168.128.1 $ user: unfortunately I lost that script, so I'm here requesting your help. Reading my old notes, I remember that the script performed some modification to the entries listed by ifconfig -a, I also have the ifconfig's output (copy & paste) $ ifconfig -a adapter0: flags=5e080863,c0<UP,BROADCAST,NOTRAILERS,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,GROUPRT,64BIT,CHECKSUM_OFFLOAD(ACTIVE),PSEG,LARGESEND,CHAIN> inet 192.168.128.150 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.128.255 tcp_sendspace 131072 tcp_recvspace 65536 rfc1323 0 adapter1: flags=5e080863,c0<UP,BROADCAST,NOTRAILERS,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,GROUPRT,64BIT,CHECKSUM_OFFLOAD(ACTIVE),PSEG,LARGESEND,CHAIN> inet 192.168.251.150 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.251.255 tcp_sendspace 131072 tcp_recvspace 65536 rfc1323 0 adapter2: flags=5e080863,c0<UP,BROADCAST,NOTRAILERS,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,GROUPRT,64BIT,CHECKSUM_OFFLOAD(ACTIVE),PSEG,LARGESEND,CHAIN> inet 192.168.250.150 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.250.255 tcp_sendspace 131072 tcp_recvspace 65536 rfc1323 0 lo0: flags=e08084b<UP,BROADCAST,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,GROUPRT,64BIT> inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 broadcast 127.255.255.255 inet6 ::1/0 tcp_sendspace 131072 tcp_recvspace 131072 rfc1323 1 more than commands, I'm looking for some explanation why does "adding/changing" those entries enables me to connect to the server. I do not see the server ip (i.e 192.168.128.1) listed above. thanks

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• Internet service providers

  - by gautam kumar

  I am unclear about the differences between international, national, regional and local ISPs. Please explain the differences and their importance, with examples. I am new to this site, so please forgive me if my question is not up to your expectations.

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• Variable sized packet structs with vectors

  - by Rev316

  Lately I've been diving into network programming, and I'm having some difficulty constructing a packet with a variable "data" property. Several prior questions have helped tremendously, but I'm still lacking some implementation details. I'm trying to avoid using variable sized arrays, and just use a vector. But I can't get it to be transmitted correctly, and I believe it's somewhere during serialization. Now for some code. Packet Header class Packet { public: void* Serialize(); bool Deserialize(void *message); unsigned int sender_id; unsigned int sequence_number; std::vector<char> data; }; Packet ImpL typedef struct { unsigned int sender_id; unsigned int sequence_number; std::vector<char> data; } Packet; void* Packet::Serialize(int size) { Packet* p = (Packet *) malloc(8 + 30); p->sender_id = htonl(this->sender_id); p->sequence_number = htonl(this->sequence_number); p->data.assign(size,'&'); //just for testing purposes } bool Packet::Deserialize(void *message) { Packet *s = (Packet*)message; this->sender_id = ntohl(s->sender_id); this->sequence_number = ntohl(s->sequence_number); this->data = s->data; } During execution, I simply create a packet, assign it's members, and send/receive accordingly. The above methods are only responsible for serialization. Unfortunately, the data never gets transferred. Couple of things to point out here. I'm guessing the malloc is wrong, but I'm not sure how else to compute it (i.e. what other value it would be). Other than that, I'm unsure of the proper way to use a vector in this fashion, and would love for someone to show me how (code examples please!) :) Edit: I've awarded the question to the most comprehensive answer regarding the implementation with a vector data property. Appreciate all the responses!

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• Confusion Matrix of Bayesian Network

  - by iva123

  Hi, I'm trying to understand bayesian network. I have a data file which has 10 attributes, I want to acquire the confusion table of this data table ,I thought I need to calculate tp,fp, fn, tn of all fields. Is it true ? if it's then what i need to do for bayesian network. Really need some guidance, I'm lost.

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• What is the difference between causal models and directed graphical models?

  - by Neil G

  What is the difference between causal models and directed graphical models? or: What is the difference between causal relationships and directed probabilistic relationships? or, even better: What would you put in the interface of a DirectedProbabilisticModel class, and what in a CausalModel class? Would one inherit from the other? Collaborative solution: interface DirectedModel { map<Node, double> InferredProbabilities(map<Node, double> observed_probabilities, set<Node> nodes_of_interest) } interface CausalModel: DirectedModel { bool NodesDependent(set<Node> nodes, map<Node, double> context) map<Node, double> InferredProbabilities(map<Node, double> observed_probabilities, map<Node, double> externally_forced_probabilities, set<Node> nodes_of_interest) }

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• Using c#,c/c++ or java to improve BBN with GA

  - by madicemickael

  I have a little problem in my little project , I wish that someone here could help me! I am planning to use a bayesian network as a decision factor in my game AI and I want to improve the decision making every step of the way , anyone knows how to do that ? Any tutorials / existing implementations will be very good,I hope some of you could help me. I heard that a programmer in this community did a good implementation of this put together for poker game AI.I am planning to use it like him ,but in another poker(Texas) or maybe Rentz. Looking for C/c++ or c# or java code. Thanks , Mike

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• Efficient way to store a graph for calculation in Hadoop

  - by user337499

  I am currently trying to perform calculations like clustering coefficient on huge graphs with the help of Hadoop. Therefore I need an efficient way to store the graph in a way that I can easily access nodes, their neighbors and the neighbors' neighbors. The graph is quite sparse and stored in a huge tab separated file where the first field is the node from which an edge goes to the second node in field two. Thanks in advance!

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• Spreading dynamic with community structure

  - by YogurtFruit

  I have a data set which I hope to simulate the spreading dynamic with community structure. The steps I follow is import the data to a complex network with Networkx partition the network into some modules which are known as communities simulate the SIS model and draw plots with and without communities. Something confused me between step 2 and step 3. After partitioning, I get some communities which contains nodes number. The community numbers and nodes numbers are the only input to step 3, and how I simulate SIS with and without communities?

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• How to run a local and external website on same computer with 2 NIC's, 2 Routers and 3 seperate networks?

  - by CandN

  Hello and hopefully I can get some answers to my question, though I think I'm making it more complicated for myself than it has to be. My business is a used auto dealership, and I'm in the process of connecting it to the world - via ethernet from the business server [running Xubuntu] to the ISP's ethernet router/modem, so that I can host our own website (no more than 5-10 people probably visiting at any time - mainly paying their bill), as well as set up a web based internal-intranet site - via DD-WRT Router on the 2nd NIC on the business server - that'll be accessed over Wifi from employees personal devices. On the other end of this is trying to offer free wifi to customers that is completely seperate of the 2 mentioned above networks. Quick Rundown: 1. Web Site for Customers to access. I'm going to use no-ip.org for DNS for the moment being, so I'll have a site that customers can access from anywhere in the world at "mybiz.no-ip.org". This will be forwarded to NIC #1 on the server, possibly at an address like "108.69.." as its being provided an IP from the ISP's modem/router, that is from Time Warner, and they allow NO! configuration options. Web Site for employees to access. I'm trying not to use the server too much as a desktop, only for critical situations, so having a backend thats seperate from the front-facing website is critical. This will be the DD-WRT router hardwired into NIC #2 on the server. This WiFi will be password accessible. Public WiFi for customers. The DD-WRT can seperate networks if I'm correct, I just can't seem to understand how to seperate the 2 and still have internet access on both. I've done it before, but the "Public" wifi (with no password set to connect) kept dropping the connection like a problem was happening that I couldn't figure out. So if I could do a little drawing, this is how it would/should possibly look. ISP -- [Sends Public Facing IP of 108.69.*.1/8] -- ISP Modem Router ISP Modem Router (Ethernet Only) -- [Gives Private IP 108.69.*.2] -- Server NIC #1 Server NIC #1 -- [Gives Private IP 108.69.*.3] -- DD-WRT Router DD-WRT Router -- [DHCP Enabled Giving IP's 172.16.0.0/16] -- Employees Network | | --------- [DHCP Enabled Giving IP's 192.168.1.0/24] -- Public WIFI Hope it's not too confusing, but it anyone could give me some good direct tutorials on how to accomplish this, or if YOU know, then it'll be alot of help. Thanks to all in advance. Need anything else to be explained? Don't hesitate to ask! *Using The LAMP stack with Webmin/VirtualMin -Customer site is located in /var/www2/ -Private Employees site is located in /var/www/ Using no-ip.org's dynamic client updater

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• Similar alternatives to Delicious that do not require Yahoo! account

  - by demian

  I love using Delicious and share the same PC as my girlfriend. When my she logs into her Yahoo! email account, I need to log out of my Delicious account because its tied to my Yahoo! login. So because of that, I can't use Delicious as a social bookmarking service. I love all its features and need an alternative that also uses Firefox addon integration and tagging. I've tried diigo.com but tagging is annoying. You can store your URL under your own tags but you don't have a clear way to later browse your tags in the Firefox addon. (The delicious approach is way much better and simple). Any suggestion of any service?

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• How can I join two simple home networks together using an ethernet cable?

  - by Ilia Jerebtsov

  I want to join two different home networks together like so: PC A1 PC A2 PC B1 PC B2 \ / \ / Gateway A <----- ethr. cable -----> Gateway B | | ADSL modem A ADSL modem B Both networks are of the basic residential type with identical configuration, with all PCs running Vista/7. The point is to temporarily join two apartments in a building for gaming and file sharing, and the holy grail would be: PCs on network A can access PCs on network B and vice-versa (file shares and gaming). Each network uses its own internet connection. Data between networks shouldn't take a trip through the internet (broadband upload speeds are severely capped) A network's internet access should continue working if the joining cable is disconnected with minimal configuration changes. How closely can this be achieved?

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• How can I join two simple home networks together using an ethernet cable?

  - by Ilia Jerebtsov

  I want to join two different home networks together like so: PC A1 PC A2 PC B1 PC B2 \ / \ / Gateway A <----- ethr. cable -----> Gateway B | | ADSL modem A ADSL modem B Both networks are of the basic residential type with identical configuration, with all PCs running Vista/7. The point is to temporarily join two apartments in a building for gaming and file sharing, and the holy grail would be: PCs on network A can access PCs on network B and vice-versa (file shares and gaming). Each network uses its own internet connection. Data between networks shouldn't take a trip through the internet (broadband upload speeds are severely capped) A network's internet access should continue working if the joining cable is disconnected with minimal configuration changes. How closely can this be achieved?

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• Is it possible to create a full "encrypted worried about privacy" VPS, but still being externally us

  - by Somebody still uses you MS-DOS

  I've been reading a lot of things about privacy, "being in control of your data" and everything, and now a project called diaspora* is trying to be an OSS Facebook alternative. Fact is: you still have to use a server. Even if you use a VPS somewhere, they still have access do your data, so diaspora* isn't that protective shell people are looking for absolute power over your data unless you create a server on your basement. My question is: is it possible to create a really encrypted usable server using a VPS? From database to source files? If not, what it can be "obfuscated" or encrypted? (And just a mention, not really my question, do you think is diaspora* really possible to be made?) (I know if you really want privacy you shouldn't be even using these services and being social, but I'm asking if it's possible to at least avoid companies using your data)

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• how to access facebook or twitter using blackberry API?

  - by Mishal

  Hi, I am newbie for such kind of social networking Application integration using blackberry API. i want to develope such kind of application which can use the facebook or twitter social networking site integration using available blackberry api. how to access the faceBook using blackberry API? Is there any webservice available of facebook on which blackberry api can work and access it? is there any application exist with whole source code for accessing the facebook using the blackberry api? if anybody has any solution or any useful link or any code snippet,which would be appreciated.:) Thanks, Mishal

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• Amazon like Ecommerce site and Recommendation system

  - by Hellnar

  Hello, I am planning to implement a basic recommendation system that uses Facebook Connect or similar social networking site API's to connect a users profile, based on tags do an analyze and by using the results, generate item recommendations on my e-commerce site(works similar to Amazon). I do believe I need to divide parts into such: Fetching social networking data via API's.(Indeed user allows this) Analyze these data and generate tokes. By using information tokens, do item recommendations on my e-commerce site. Ie: I am a fan of "The Strokes" band on my Facebook account, system analyze this and recommending me "The Strokes Live" CD. For any part(fetching data, doing recommendation based on tags...), what algorithm and method would you recommend/ is used ? Thanks

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• How do I replicate Gmail filtering (forwarding mostly)?

  - by projectdp

  I have reached the limits of Gmail forwarding. Before there was no need to verify forwarding addresses. It's a problem for me now because the addresses I want to forward to are not natural inboxes but automated systems with no way to track the verification email contents. I want to set this up for example: mobile - email - facebook-email - flickr-email - tumblr-email - posterous-email How do I do this without Gmail filters? I think I need to use fetchmail to watch my inbox and then autoforward to the above addresses. Is fetchmail the best solution to this issue? Any other MRA's? I'd like to do some more complicated things with the emails in an automated fashion too, how would I go about monitoring the inbox, doing some actions to the email before forwarding, and forward everywhere? prerequisites: a server: fetchmail daemon to poll the account local mailbox script to clean & forward appropriately (python probably) sendmail + ~/.forward file backup email account (Gmail probably) Any help would be greatly appreciated. I'm trying to automate my social content distribution.

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• Implementing emailing (bulk & event based) features for my website.

  - by Kabeer

  Hello. For my upcoming social networking website, I am looking for suggestions on the best way to implement emailing. Here are some of my requirements and constraints: Requirements: - Should be able to send emails based on events (new registrations, change password, etc.), promotions (advertisements based on user consent), bulk mails (newsletters), reminders (profile updates), etc. I hope I got the point through. - Should be able to process faults (incorrect email address, mail-box full, etc) - User initiated invites (inviting friends to connect) Constraints: - As of now I am looking at Godaddy for hosting. Subsequently I shall move to, may be Amazon Cloud. Godaddy seems to be excruciatingly conservative (not bad always) when it comes to the ability to send email. - My tests on Godaddy so far have been discouraging. There is limit to no. of emails I can send and sometimes if emails carries special characters it throws strange exceptions like there was a virus affected attachment (even though I hadn't attached a thing). The replies from Godaddy support have been equally funny. My intent is not to portray Godaddy as wrong but I am looking for a work-around that frees me from said constraints. I am looking for a mechanism / service that is either free of very cost effective. I wonder how other sites address this. Mine is a .Net / Windows based application.

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• How do I fix VMware “Unidentified Networks” in Windows 7 Professional 64-bit SP1?

  - by Francis

  I have recently installed VMware Workstation 7 onto Windows 7 Professional 64-bit SP1 and both VMnet1 and VMnet8 appeared as "Unidentified Networks". I have tried editing HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class{4D36E972-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}, a tip provided by Mathews (Jul 23, 2009) but both virtual NICs still appeared as "Unidentified Networks". I will need both NICs to be listed as "Work" or "Private" and with Internet Access. What other solutions/workarounds? Thanks!

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• 6 Reasons Why You Can’t Move Your Cell Phone To Any Carrier You Want

  - by Chris Hoffman

  You can buy a laptop or Wi-Fi tablet and use it on Wi-Fi anywhere in the world, so why are cell phones and devices with mobile data not portable between different cellular networks in the same country? Unlike with Wi-Fi, there are many different competing cellular network standards — both around the world and within countries. Cellular carriers also like locking you to their specific network and making it difficult to move. That’s what contracts are for. Phone Locking Many phones are sold locked to a specific network. When you buy a phone from a cellular carrier, they often lock that phone to their network so you can’t take it to a competitor’s network. That’s why you’ll often need to unlock a phone before you can move it to a different cellular provider or take it to a different country and use it on a local provider instead of roaming. Cellular carriers will generally unlock your phone for you as long as you’re no longer in a contract with them. However, unlocking a cell phone you’ve paid for without your carrier’s permission is currently a crime in the USA. GSM vs. CDMA Some cellular networks use the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) standard, while some use CDMA (Code-division multiple access). Worldwide, most cellular networks use GSM. In the USA, both GSM and CDMA are popular. Verizon, Sprint, and other carriers that use their networks use CDMA. AT&T, T-Mobile, and other carriers that use their networks are use GSM. These are two competing standards and are not interoperable. This means you can’t simply take a phone from Verizon to T-Mobile, or from AT&T to Sprint. These carriers have incompatible phones. CDMA Restrictions CDMA is more restricted than GSM. GSM phones have SIM cards. Simply open the phone, pop out the SIM card, and pop in a new SIM card to switch carriers. (In reality, it’s more complicated thanks to phone locking and other factors here.) CDMA phones don’t have removable modules like this. All CDMA phones ship locked to a specific network and you’d have to get both your old carrier and your new carrier to cooperate to switch phones between them. In reality, many people just consider CDMA phones eternally locked to a specific carrier. Frequencies Different cellular networks throughout the USA and the rest of the world use different frequencies. These radio frequencies have to be supported by your phone’s hardware or your phone simply can’t work on a network using those frequencies. Many GSM phones support three or four bands of frequencies — 900/1800/1900 MHz, 850/1800/1900 MHz, or 850/900/1800/1900 MHz. These are sometimes called “world phones” because they allow easier roaming. This allows the manufacturer to produce a phone that will support all GSM networks in the world and allows their customers to travel with those phones. If your phone doesn’t support the appropriate frequencies, it won’t work on certain networks. LTE Bands When it comes to newer, faster LTE networks, different frequencies are still a concern. LTE frequencies are generally known as “LTE bands.” To use a smartphone on a certain LTE network, that smartphone will have to support that LTE network’s frequency. Different models of phones are often created to work on different LTE networks around the world. However, phones are generally supporting more and more LTE networks and becoming more and more interoperable over time. SIM Card Sizes The SIM cards used in GSM phones come in different sizes. Newer phones use smaller SIM cards to save space and be more compact. This isn’t a big obstacle, as the different sizes of SIM cards — full-size SIM, mini-SIM, micro-SIM, and nano-SIM are actually compatible. The only difference between them is the size of the plastic card surrounding the SIM’s chip. The actual chip is the same size between all the SIM cards. This means you can take an old SIM card and cut the plastic off until it becomes a smaller-size SIM card that fits in a modern phone. Or, you can take a smaller-size SIM card and insert it into a tray so that it becomes a larger-size SIM card that fits in an older phone. Be aware that it’s very possible to damage your SIM card and make it not work properly by cutting it to the wrong dimensions. Your cellular carrier will often be able to cut your SIM card for you or give you a new one if you want to use an old SIM card in a new phone. Hopefully they won’t overcharge you for this service, too. Be sure to check what types of networks, frequencies, and LTE bands your phone supports before trying to move it between networks. You may have to buy a new phone when moving between certain cellular carriers. Image Credit: Morgan on Flickr, 22n on Flickr

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• Computer Networks UNISA - Chap 14 &ndash; Insuring Integrity &amp; Availability

  - by MarkPearl

  After reading this section you should be able to Identify the characteristics of a network that keep data safe from loss or damage Protect an enterprise-wide network from viruses Explain network and system level fault tolerance techniques Discuss issues related to network backup and recovery strategies Describe the components of a useful disaster recovery plan and the options for disaster contingencies What are integrity and availability? Integrity – the soundness of a networks programs, data, services, devices, and connections Availability – How consistently and reliably a file or system can be accessed by authorized personnel A number of phenomena can compromise both integrity and availability including… security breaches natural disasters malicious intruders power flaws human error users etc Although you cannot predict every type of vulnerability, you can take measures to guard against the most damaging events. The following are some guidelines… Allow only network administrators to create or modify NOS and application system users. Monitor the network for unauthorized access or changes Record authorized system changes in a change management system’ Install redundant components Perform regular health checks on the network Check system performance, error logs, and the system log book regularly Keep backups Implement and enforce security and disaster recovery policies These are just some of the basics… Malware Malware refers to any program or piece of code designed to intrude upon or harm a system or its resources. Types of Malware… Boot sector viruses Macro viruses File infector viruses Worms Trojan Horse Network Viruses Bots Malware characteristics Some common characteristics of Malware include… Encryption Stealth Polymorphism Time dependence Malware Protection There are various tools available to protect you from malware called anti-malware software. These monitor your system for indications that a program is performing potential malware operations. A number of techniques are used to detect malware including… Signature Scanning Integrity Checking Monitoring unexpected file changes or virus like behaviours It is important to decide where anti-malware tools will be installed and find a balance between performance and protection. There are several general purpose malware policies that can be implemented to protect your network including… Every compute in an organization should be equipped with malware detection and cleaning software that regularly runs Users should not be allowed to alter or disable the anti-malware software Users should know what to do in case the anti-malware program detects a malware virus Users should be prohibited from installing any unauthorized software on their systems System wide alerts should be issued to network users notifying them if a serious malware virus has been detected. Fault Tolerance Besides guarding against malware, another key factor in maintaining the availability and integrity of data is fault tolerance. Fault tolerance is the ability for a system to continue performing despite an unexpected hardware or software malfunction. Fault tolerance can be realized in varying degrees, the optimal level of fault tolerance for a system depends on how critical its services and files are to productivity. Generally the more fault tolerant the system, the more expensive it is. The following describe some of the areas that need to be considered for fault tolerance. Environment (Temperature and humidity) Power Topology and Connectivity Servers Storage Power Typical power flaws include Surges – a brief increase in voltage due to lightening strikes, solar flares or some idiot at City Power Noise – Fluctuation in voltage levels caused by other devices on the network or electromagnetic interference Brownout – A sag in voltage for just a moment Blackout – A complete power loss The are various alternate power sources to consider including UPS’s and Generators. UPS’s are found in two categories… Standby UPS – provides continuous power when mains goes down (brief period of switching over) Online UPS – is online all the time and the device receives power from the UPS all the time (the UPS is charged continuously) Servers There are various techniques for fault tolerance with servers. Server mirroring is an option where one device or component duplicates the activities of another. It is generally an expensive process. Clustering is a fault tolerance technique that links multiple servers together to appear as a single server. They share processing and storage responsibilities and if one unit in the cluster goes down, another unit can be brought in to replace it. Storage There are various techniques available including the following… RAID Arrays NAS (Storage (Network Attached Storage) SANs (Storage Area Networks) Data Backup A backup is a copy of data or program files created for archiving or safekeeping. Many different options for backups exist with various media including… These vary in cost and speed. Optical Media Tape Backup External Disk Drives Network Backups Backup Strategy After selecting the appropriate tool for performing your servers backup, devise a backup strategy to guide you through performing reliable backups that provide maximum data protection. Questions that should be answered include… What data must be backed up At what time of day or night will the backups occur How will you verify the accuracy of the backups Where and for how long will backup media be stored Who will take responsibility for ensuring that backups occurred How long will you save backups Where will backup and recovery documentation be stored Different backup methods provide varying levels of certainty and corresponding labour cost. There are also different ways to determine which files should be backed up including… Full backup – all data on all servers is copied to storage media Incremental backup – Only data that has changed since the last full or incremental backup is copied to a storage medium Differential backup – Only data that has changed since the last backup is coped to a storage medium Disaster Recovery Disaster recovery is the process of restoring your critical functionality and data after an enterprise wide outage has occurred. A disaster recovery plan is for extreme scenarios (i.e. fire, line fault, etc). A cold site is a place were the computers, devices, and connectivity necessary to rebuild a network exist but they are not appropriately configured. A warm site is a place where the computers, devices, and connectivity necessary to rebuild a network exists with some appropriately configured devices. A hot site is a place where the computers, devices, and connectivity necessary to rebuild a network exists and all are appropriately configured.

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• What is the technical reason that so many social media sites don't allow you to edit your text?

  - by Edward Tanguay

  A common complaint I hear about Facebook, Twitter, Ning and other social sites is that once a comment or post is made, it can't be edited. I think this goes against one of the key goals of user experience: giving the user agency, or the ability to control what he does in the software. Even on Stackexchange sites, you can only edit the comments for a certain amount of time. Is the inability for so many web apps to not allow users to edit their writing a technical shortcoming or a "feature by design"?

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• Beginner Geek: How to Link Contacts to Their Social Network Profiles in the Windows 8 People App

  - by Taylor Gibb

  The built-in People app in Windows 8 allows you to pull in your contact lists from a few different social networks. The problem comes when you start to get duplicate entries, here’s how to link contacts together without losing any information. How To Boot Your Android Phone or Tablet Into Safe Mode HTG Explains: Does Your Android Phone Need an Antivirus? How To Use USB Drives With the Nexus 7 and Other Android Devices

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