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multiple compiling errors with basic C++ application on VS2010 Beta 1

- by ratata

I just recently installed VS2010 Beta 1 from the Microsoft website , I started a basic C++ Win32 Console Application , that generated the following code: #include "stdafx.h" int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { return 0; } I tried compiling the code just to see how it runs and just then I encountered several(over a 100) compiling errors. Here is the first part of the build output: 1>ClCompile: 1> stdafx.cpp 1>c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\crtdefs.h(520): error C2065: '_In_opt_z_' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\crtdefs.h(520): error C2143: syntax error : missing ')' before 'const' 1>c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\crtdefs.h(520): warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored 1>c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\crtdefs.h(520): error C2182: '_invalid_parameter' : illegal use of type 'void' 1>c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\crtdefs.h(520): error C2491: '_invalid_parameter' : definition of dllimport data not allowed 1>c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\crtdefs.h(520): error C2059: syntax error : ')' 1>c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\crtdefs.h(527): error C2065: '_In_opt_z_' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\crtdefs.h(527): error C2143: syntax error : missing ')' before 'const' 1>c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\crtdefs.h(527): warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored pastebin for the full list I thought maybe the include files got mixed up by some other compiler version I have installed previously( I have VS 2008 as well) so I reinstalled VS2010 just to overwrite the headers but that didn't do much. Thanks in advance for any help you might offer as I am helpless

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ASP.NET Content Web Form - content from placeholder disappears

- by Naeem Sarfraz

I'm attempting to set a class on the body tag in my asp.net site which uses a master page and content web forms. I simply want to be able to do this by adding a bodycssclass property (see below) to the content web form page directive. It works through the solution below but when i attempt to view Default.aspx the Content1 control loses its content. Any ideas why? Here is how I'm doing it. I have a master page with the following content: <%@ Master Language="C#" ... %> <html><head>...</head> <body id=ctlBody runat=server> <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="cphMain" runat="server" /> </body> </html> it's code behind looks like: public partial class Site : MasterPageBase { public override string BodyCssClass { get { return ctlBody.Attributes["class"]; } set { ctlBody.Attributes["class"] = value; } } } it inherits from: public abstract class MasterPageBase : MasterPage { public abstract string BodyCssClass { get; set; } } my default.aspx is defined as: <%@ Page Title="..." [master page definition etc..] bodycssclass="home" %> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="cphMain" runat="server"> Some content </asp:Content> the code behind for this file looks like: public partial class Default : PageBase { ... } and it inherits from : public class PageBase : Page { public string BodyCssClass { get { MasterPageBase mpbCurrent = this.Master as MasterPageBase; return mpbCurrent.BodyCssClass; } set { MasterPageBase mpbCurrent = this.Master as MasterPageBase; mpbCurrent.BodyCssClass = value; } } }

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refering Tomcat JNDI datasource in persistence.xml

- by binary_runner

in server.xml I've defined global resource (I'm using Tomcat 6): <GlobalNamingResources> <Resource name="jdbc/myds" auth="Container" type="javax.sql.DataSource" maxActive="10" maxIdle="3" maxWait="10000" username="sa" password="" driverClassName="org.h2.Driver" url="jdbc:h2:~/.myds/data/db" /> </GlobalNamingResources> I see in catalina.out that this is bound, so I suppose it's OK. In my web app I have the link to the datasource, I'm not sure it's OK: <Context> <ResourceLink global='jdbc/myds' name='jdbc/myds' type="javax.sql.Datasource"/> </Context> and in application there is persistence.xml : <persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd" version="2.0"> <persistence-unit name="oam" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL"> <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider> <non-jta-data-source>jdbc/myds</non-jta-data-source>  <properties> <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect"/> </properties> </persistence-unit> </persistence> It shuld be OK, but most probably this or the ResourceLink definition is wrong because I'm getting: javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: Name jdbc is not bound in this Context What's wrong and why this does not work ?

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Should an Event that has no arguments define its own custom EventArgs or simply use System.EventArgs

- by Mike Rosenblum

I have an event that is currently defined with no event arguments. That is, the EventArgs it sends is EventArgs.Empty. In this case, it is simplest to declare my Event handler as: EventHandler<System.EventArgs> MyCustomEvent; I do not plan on adding any event arguments to this event, but it is possible that any code could need to change in the future. Therefore, I am leaning towards having all my events always create an empty event args type that inheretis from System.EventArgs, even if there are no event args currently needed. Something like this: public class MyCustomEventArgs : EventArgs { } And then my event definition becomes the following: EventHandler<MyCustomEventArgs> MyCustomEvent; So my question is this: is it better to define my own MyCustomEventArgs, even if it does not add anything beyond inheriting from System.EventArgs, so that event arguments could be added in the future more easily? Or is it better to explicitly define my event as returning System.EventArgs, so that it is clearer to the user that there are no extra event args? I am leaning towards creating custom event arguments for all my events, even if the event arguments are empty. But I was wondering if others thought that making it clearer to the user that the event arguments are empty would be better? Much thanks in advance, Mike

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SQL select descendants of a row

- by Joey Adams

Suppose a tree structure is implemented in SQL like this: CREATE TABLE nodes ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, parent INTEGER -- references nodes(id) ); Although cycles can be created in this representation, let's assume we never let that happen. The table will only store a collection of roots (records where parent is null) and their descendants. The goal is to, given an id of a node on the table, find all nodes that are descendants of it. A is a descendant of B if either A's parent is B or A's parent is a descendant of B. Note the recursive definition. Here is some sample data: INSERT INTO nodes VALUES (1, NULL); INSERT INTO nodes VALUES (2, 1); INSERT INTO nodes VALUES (3, 2); INSERT INTO nodes VALUES (4, 3); INSERT INTO nodes VALUES (5, 3); INSERT INTO nodes VALUES (6, 2); which represents: 1 `-- 2 |-- 3 | |-- 4 | `-- 5 | `-- 6 We can select the (immediate) children of 1 by doing this: SELECT a.* FROM nodes AS a WHERE parent=1; We can select the children and grandchildren of 1 by doing this: SELECT a.* FROM nodes AS a WHERE parent=1 UNION ALL SELECT b.* FROM nodes AS a, nodes AS b WHERE a.parent=1 AND b.parent=a.id; We can select the children, grandchildren, and great grandchildren of 1 by doing this: SELECT a.* FROM nodes AS a WHERE parent=1 UNION ALL SELECT b.* FROM nodes AS a, nodes AS b WHERE a.parent=1 AND b.parent=a.id UNION ALL SELECT c.* FROM nodes AS a, nodes AS b, nodes AS c WHERE a.parent=1 AND b.parent=a.id AND c.parent=b.id; How can a query be constructed that gets all descendants of node 1 rather than those at a finite depth? It seems like I would need to create a recursive query or something. I'd like to know if such a query would be possible using SQLite. However, if this type of query requires features not available in SQLite, I'm curious to know if it can be done in other SQL databases.

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How to retain XML string as a string field during XML deserialization

- by detale

I got an XML input string and want to deserialize it to an object which partially retain the raw XML. <SetProfile> <sessionId>A81D83BC-09A0-4E32-B440-0000033D7AAD</sessionId> <profileDataXml> <ArrayOfProfileItem> <ProfileItem> <Name>Pulse</Name> <Value>80</Value> </ProfileItem> <ProfileItem> <Name>BloodPresure</Name> <Value>120</Value> </ProfileItem> </ArrayOfProfileItem> </profileDataXml> </SetProfile> The class definition: public class SetProfile { public Guid sessionId; public string profileDataXml; } I hope the deserialization syntax looks like string inputXML = "..."; // the above XML XmlSerializer xs = new XmlSerializer(typeof(SetProfile)); using (TextReader reader = new StringReader(inputXML)) { SetProfile obj = (SetProfile)xs.Deserialize(reader); // use obj .... } but XMLSerializer will throw an exception and won't output < profileDataXml 's descendants to "profileDataXml" field in raw XML string. Is there any way to implement the deserialization like that?

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Context menu event handling error - CS1061

- by MrTemp

I am still new to c# and wpf This program is a clock with different view and I would like to use the context menu to change between view, but the error says that there is no definition or extension method for the events. Right now I have the event I'm working on popping up a MessageBox just so I know it has run, but I cannot get it to compile. public partial class MainWindow : NavigationWindow { public MainWindow() { //InitializeComponent(); } public void AnalogMenu_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { /*AnalogClock analog = new AnalogClock(); this.NavigationService.Navigate(analog);*/ } public void DigitalMenu_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { MessageBox.Show("Digital Clicked"); /*DigitalClock digital = new DigitalClock(); this.NavigationService.Navigate(digital);*/ } public void BinaryMenu_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { /*BinaryClock binary = new BinaryClock(); this.NavigationService.Navigate(binary);*/ } } and the xaml call if you want it <NavigationWindow.ContextMenu> <ContextMenu Name="ClockMenu" > <MenuItem Name="ToAnalog" Header="To Analog" ToolTip="Changes to an analog clock"/> <MenuItem Name="ToDigital" Header="To Digital" ToolTip="Changes to a digital clock" Click="DigitalMenu_Click" /> <MenuItem Name="ToBinary" Header="To Binary" ToolTip="Changes to a binary clock"/> </ContextMenu> </NavigationWindow.ContextMenu>

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How to do fixed price quote for design sessions?

- by Shaul

Normally when I do a system for a customer, I do design sessions on an hourly rate and then come out with a fixed price quotation for the full system development. Now this customer has thrown me a curveball: he doesn't want an hourly rate for design, either - he wants me to quote a fixed price to do all the design, too! Not that he's trying to cheap out, but he doesn't want to be in a situation where the longer design stretches out, the more he has to pay - and I can understand that. For the business layer it was actually not too difficult to work with this, because from his original functional spec I got a good idea of what the core business objects were, and in our design agreement I defined several objects which would be covered by a fixed design price; if any new non-trivial objects were discovered, they would be considered variances, and those would be billed on an hourly rate. So far so good. But when it comes to the UI, things start getting a lot more woolly. How many screens will there be? Don't know yet. What's going to be on each screen? Don't know yet. All we know is that it's a "dashboard" type of system, and there will be a lot of visual reporting involved e.g. gauges, graphs, etc. So maybe make it fixed price per screen design? Not a great definition; he might say that everything is going to be on one screen. Maybe a price per "visual report" design, including ability to slice & dice? Again not so easy - it might be that the entire system is just one report, and all the intelligence is going to go into how to present that segmentation. Anyone have any ideas how to do a fixed price quotation for a UI design like this?

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XML: How to reprepresent objects with multiple occurences?

- by savras

hi, i need to save objects that can occur multiple times. each object is marked with unique identifier. when it is serialized first time all its properties are written. after that only references are used. <actionHistory> <add> <figure id="1" xsi:type="point"> <position x="1" y="2" /> </figure> </add> <change> <target ref="1" /> <property>x</property> <value>3</value> </change> </actionHistory> element 'target' only references to point saved before, but it can contain definition of new figure as well. there is also figure class hierarchy involved. is there any way to express it using xml-schema? any suggestions how to improve code above will be also appreciated.

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Changing App.config at Runtime

- by born to hula

I'm writing a test winforms / C# / .NET 3.5 application for the system we're developing and we fell in the need to switch between .config files at runtime, but this is turning out to be a nightmare. Here's the scene: the Winforms application is aimed at testing a WebApp, divided into 5 subsystems. The test proccess works with messages being sent between the subsystems, and for this proccess to be sucessful each subsystem got to have its own .config file. For my Test Application I wrote 5 separate configuration files. I wish I was able to switch between these 5 files during runtime, but the problem is: I can programatically edit the application .config file inumerous times, but these changes will only take effect once. I've been searching a long time for a form to address this problem but I still wasn't sucessful. I know the problem definition may be a bit confusing but I would really appreciate it if someone helped me. Thanks in advance! --- UPDATE 01-06-10 --- There's something I didn't mention before. Originally, our system is a Web Application with WCF calls between each subsystem. For performance testing reasons (we're using ANTS 4), we had to create a local copy of the assemblies and reference them from the test project. It may sound a bit wrong, but we couldn't find a satisfying way to measure performance of a remote application. --- End Update --- Here's what I'm doing: public void UpdateAppSettings(string key, string value) { XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument(); xmlDoc.Load(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ConfigurationFile); foreach (XmlElement item in xmlDoc.DocumentElement) { foreach (XmlNode node in item.ChildNodes) { if (node.Name == key) { node.Attributes[0].Value = value; break; } } } xmlDoc.Save(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ConfigurationFile); System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.RefreshSection("section/subSection"); }

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doublechecking: no db-wide 'unicode switch' for sql server in the foreseeable future, i.e. like Orac

- by user72150

Hi all, I believe I know the answer to this question, but wanted to confirm: Question Does Sql server (or will it in the foreseeable future), offer a database-wide "unicode switch" which says "store all characters in unicode (UTF-16, UCS-2, etc)", i.e. like Oracle. The Context Our application has provided "CJK" (Chinese-Japanese-Korean) support for years--using Oracle as the db store. Recently folks have been asking for the same support in sql server. We store our db schema definition in xml and generate the vendor-specific definitions (oracle, sql server) using vendor-specific xsl. We can make the change easily. The problem is for upgrades. Generated scripts would need to change the column types for 100+ columns from varchar to nvarchar, varchar(max) to nvarchar(max), etc. These changes require dropping and recreating indexes and foreign keys if the any indexes/fk's exist on the column. Non-trivial. Risky. DB-wide character encodings for us would eliminate programming changes. (I.e. we would not to change the column types from varchar to nvarchar; sql server would correctly store unicode data in varchar columns). I had thought that eventually sql server would "see the light" and allow storing unicode in varchar/clob columns. Evidently not yet. Recap So just to triple check: does mssql offer a database-wide switch for character encoding? Will it in SQL2008R3? or 2010? thanks, bill

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Jsystem AutoITAgent does not work - java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/xmlrpc/WebServer

- by lasombra

Even so the jar files exists and are in the correct folder, I get the NoClassDefFoundError. Why? What I am doing wrong? The Classpath definition is .\thirdparty\lib\;C:\jsystem\runner\lib\ant-jsystem.jar;C:jsystem\runner\lib\cli.jar;C:\jsystem\runner\lib\commons-logging-1.1.jar;C:\jsystem\runner\lib\embeddedCatalina.jar;C:\jsystem\runner\lib\fileParser.jar;C:\jsystem\runner\lib\filetransfer.jar;C:\jsystem\runner\lib\j2autoit.jar;C:\jsystem\runner\lib\jsystem-launcher.jar;C:\jsystem\runner\lib\jsystemAgent.jar;C:\jsystem\runner\lib\jsystemApp.jar;C:\jsystem\runner\lib\jsystemCommon.jar;C:\jsystem\runner\lib\jsystemCore.jar;C:\jsystem\runner\lib\snmp.jar;C:\jsystem\runner\lib\stations.jar;C:\jsystem\runner\lib\swing.jar;C:\jsystem\runner\lib\tcl.jar;C:\jsystem\runner\lib\vbshell.jar;C:\jsystem\runner\lib\web.jar;C:\jsystem\runner\lib\wget.jar; C:\jsystem\runner\lib\xmlrpc-client-3.1.3.jar; C:\jsystem\runner\lib\xmlrpc-common-3.1.3.jar; C:\jsystem\runner\lib\xmlrpc-server-3.1.3.jar; C:\jsystem\runner\lib\j2autoit\j2autoit.jar C:\jsystem\runner Setting J2AutoIt Agent to use the port: 8888 Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/xmlrpc/WebServer at com.jsystem.j2autoit.AutoItAgent.startAutoItWebServer(AutoItAgent.java:665) at com.jsystem.j2autoit.AutoItAgent.main(AutoItAgent.java:348) Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.xmlrpc.WebServer at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(Unknown Source) ... 2 more

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xsd.exe - schema to class - for use with WCF

- by NealWalters

I have created a schema as an agreed upon interface between our company and an external company. I am now creating a WCF C# web service to handle the interface. I ran the XSD utility and it created a C# class. The schema was built in BizTalk, and references other schemas, so all-in-all there are over 15 classes being generated. I put [DataContract} attribute in front of each of the classes. Do I have to put the [DataMember] attribute on every single property? When I generate a test client program, the proxy does not have any code for any of these 15 classes. We used to use this technique when using .asmx services, but not sure if it will work the same with WCF. If we change the schema, we would want to regenerate the WCF class, and then we would haev to each time redecorate it with all the [DataMember] attributes? Is there an newer tool similar to XSD.exe that will work better with WCF? Thanks, Neal Walters SOLUTION (buried in one of Saunders answer/comments): Add the XmlSerializerFormat to the Interface definition: [OperationContract] [XmlSerializerFormat] // ADD THIS LINE Transaction SubmitTransaction(Transaction transactionIn); Two notes: 1) After I did this, I saw a lot more .xsds in the my proxy (Service Reference) test client program, but I didn't see the new classes in my intellisense. 2) For some reason, until I did a build on the project, I didn't get all the classes in the intellisense (not sure why).

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XamlWriter fails to serialize objects in WinForms app

- by Eddie

Apparently XamlWriter doesn't works correctly in a WinForms application. XamlWriter uses MarkupWriter.GetMarkupObjectFor(object obj). I suppose that there's a problem to determine the full list of properties to serialize. var ar = new AssemblyReference(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies().First()); var str = XamlWriter.Save(ar); Running an ASP.NET or WPF application I got this result: <AssemblyReference AssemblyName="mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" HintPath="file:///c:/WINDOWS/Microsoft.NET/Framework/v2.0.50727/mscorlib.dll" SpecificVersion="False" xmlns="clr-namespace:Ivolutia.TypeModel;assembly=ivoTypeModel" /> But running the same code in a WinForms application I got this: <AssemblyReference xmlns="clr-namespace:Ivolutia.TypeModel;assembly=ivoTypeModel" /> this is the class definition: public class AssemblyReference : DependencyObject { public string AssemblyName { get; set; } public string HintPath { get; set; } public bool SpecificVersion { get; set; } public AssemblyReference() { } public AssemblyReference(Assembly assembly) { AssemblyName = assembly.FullName; HintPath = assembly.CodeBase; } public override string ToString() { return AssemblyName; } }

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vimscript: calling dictionary functions with call()

- by intuited

I'm hoping to call a "static" dictionary function using call(). By "static" I mean that the keyword 'dict' is not used in the function's definition. I use this nomenclature in the hopes that the effect of this keyword is to declare a static member function as is possible in java/C++/etc, ie to put the function name in the class namespace but allow it to be called without referencing an object. However this doesn't seem to work. For example: " Setup: let testdict = { } funct! testdict.funct() echo "called" endfunct " Tests: " Following each line is an indented comment " containing its output in message land, ie what was echoed. call testdict.funct() " called echo testdict.funct " 667 echo string(testdict.funct) " function('667') echo function('667') " E475: Invalid argument: 667 echo function('testdict.funct') " testdict.funct call call(testdict.funct, [ ]) " E725: Calling dict function without Dictionary: 667 " Same deal if there's an intermediate variable involved. let TestdictDotFunct = testdict.funct echo TestdictDotFunct " 667 echo string(TestdictDotFunct) " function('667') call TestdictDotFunct() " E725: Calling dict function without Dictionary: 667 From the help topic E725: It is also possible to add a function without the "dict" attribute as a Funcref to a Dictionary, but the "self" variable is not available then. So logic would seem to indicate that if "self" is not available, then it should be possible to call the function referenced by the Funcref without a Dictionary. However this doesn't seem to be the case. Am I missing something? Vim version info: $ aptitude show vim-gnome Package: vim-gnome State: installed Automatically installed: no Version: 2:7.2.245-2ubuntu2

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How does 'lazy' work?

- by Matt Fenwick

What is the difference between these two functions? I see that lazy is intended to be lazy, but I don't understand how that is accomplished. -- | Identity function. id :: a -> a id x = x -- | The call '(lazy e)' means the same as 'e', but 'lazy' has a -- magical strictness property: it is lazy in its first argument, -- even though its semantics is strict. lazy :: a -> a lazy x = x -- Implementation note: its strictness and unfolding are over-ridden -- by the definition in MkId.lhs; in both cases to nothing at all. -- That way, 'lazy' does not get inlined, and the strictness analyser -- sees it as lazy. Then the worker/wrapper phase inlines it. -- Result: happiness Tracking down the note in MkId.lhs (hopefully this is the right note and version, sorry if it's not): Note [lazyId magic] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ lazy :: forall a?. a? -> a? (i.e. works for unboxed types too) Used to lazify pseq: pseq a b = a `seq` lazy b Also, no strictness: by being a built-in Id, all the info about lazyId comes from here, not from GHC.Base.hi. This is important, because the strictness analyser will spot it as strict! Also no unfolding in lazyId: it gets "inlined" by a HACK in CorePrep. It's very important to do this inlining after unfoldings are exposed in the interface file. Otherwise, the unfolding for (say) pseq in the interface file will not mention 'lazy', so if we inline 'pseq' we'll totally miss the very thing that 'lazy' was there for in the first place. See Trac #3259 for a real world example. lazyId is defined in GHC.Base, so we don't have to inline it. If it appears un-applied, we'll end up just calling it. I don't understand that because it refers to lazyId instead of lazy. How does lazy work?

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Required Working Precision for the BBP Algorithm?

- by brainfsck

Hello, I'm looking to compute the nth digit of Pi in a low-memory environment. As I don't have decimals available to me, this integer-only BBP algorithm in Python has been a great starting point. I only need to calculate one digit of Pi at a time. How can I determine the lowest I can set D, the "number of digits of working precision"? D=4 gives me many correct digits, but a few digits will be off by one. For example, computing digit 393 with precision of 4 gives me 0xafda, from which I extract the digit 0xa. However, the correct digit is 0xb. No matter how high I set D, it seems that testing a sufficient number of digits finds an one where the formula returns an incorrect value. I've tried upping the precision when the digit is "close" to another, e.g. 0x3fff or 0x1000, but cannot find any good definition of "close"; for instance, calculating at digit 9798 gives me 0xcde6 , which is not very close to 0xd000, but the correct digit is 0xd. Can anyone help me figure out how much working precision is needed to calculate a given digit using this algorithm? Thank you,

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Some general C questions.

- by b-gen-jack-o-neill

Hello. I am trying to fully understand the process pro writing code in some language to execution by OS. In my case, the language would be C and the OS would be Windows. So far, I read many different articles, but I am not sure, whether I understand the process right, and I would like to ask you if you know some good articles on some subjects I couldn´t find. So, what I think I know about C (and basically other languages): C compiler itself handles only data types, basic math operations, pointers operations, and work with functions. By work with functions I mean how to pass argument to it, and how to get output from function. During compilation, function call is replaced by passing arguments to stack, and than if function is not inline, its call is replaced by some symbol for linker. Linker than find the function definition, and replace the symbol to jump adress to that function (and of course than jump back to program). If the above is generally true and I get it right, where to final .exe file actually linker saves the functions? After the main() function? And what creates the .exe header? Compiler or Linker? Now, additional capabilities of C, today known as C standart library is set of functions and the declarations of them, that other programmers wrote to extend and simplify use of C language. But these functions like printf() were (or could be?) written in different language, or assembler. And there comes my next question, can be, for example printf() function be written in pure C without use of assembler? I know this is quite big question, but I just mostly want to know, wheather I am right or not. And trust me, I read a lots of articles on the web, and I would not ask you, If I could find these infromation together on one place, in one article. Insted I must piece by piece gather informations, so I am not sure if I am right. Thanks.

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What does this code from AuthKit do? (where are these functions and methods defined?)

- by Beau Simensen

I am trying to implement my own authentication method for AuthKit and am trying to figure out how some of the built-in methods work. In particular, I'm trying to figure out how to update the REMOTE_USER for environ correctly. This is how it is handled inside of authkit.authenticate.basic but it is pretty confusing. I cannot find anyplace where REMOTE_USER and AUTH_TYPE are defined. Is there something strange going on here and if so, what is it? def __call__(self, environ, start_response): environ['authkit.users'] = self.users result = self.authenticate(environ) if isinstance(result, str): AUTH_TYPE.update(environ, 'basic') REMOTE_USER.update(environ, result) return self.application(environ, start_response) There are actually a number of all uppercase things like this that I cannot find a definition for. For example, where does AUTHORIZATION come from below: def authenticate(self, environ): authorization = AUTHORIZATION(environ) if not authorization: return self.build_authentication() (authmeth, auth) = authorization.split(' ',1) if 'basic' != authmeth.lower(): return self.build_authentication() auth = auth.strip().decode('base64') username, password = auth.split(':',1) if self.authfunc(environ, username, password): return username return self.build_authentication() I feel like maybe I am missing some special syntax handling for the environ dict, but it is possible that there is something else really weird going on here that isn't immediately obvious to someone as new to Python as myself.

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PJSIP Custom Registration Header (iOS)

- by Daniel Redington

I am attempting to setup SIP communication with an internal server (using the PJSIP library), however, this server requires a custom header field with a specified header value for the REGISTRATION call. For example's sake we'll call this required header "MyHeader". From what I've found, the pjsua_acc_add() function will add an account and register it to the server using a config struct. The parameter "reg_hdr_list" of the config struct has the description "The optional custom SIP headers to be put in the registration request." Which sounds like exactly what I need, however doesn't seem to have any effect on the call itself. Here's what I have so far: pjsua_acc_config cfg; pjsua_acc_config_default(&cfg); //...Some other config stuff related to the server... pjsip_hdr test; test.name = pj_str("MyHeader"); test.sname = pj_str("MyHdr"); test.type = PJSIP_H_OTHER; test.prev = cfg.reg_hdr_list.prev; test.next = cfg.reg_hdr_list.next; cfg.reg_hdr_list = test; pj_status_t status; status = pjsua_acc_add(&cfg, PJ_TRUE, &acc_id); From the server side, there are no extra header fields or anything. And the struct that is used to define the header (pjsua_hdr) has no "value" or equivalent field, so even if it did create the header, how does it set the value? Here's the refrence for the header list definition: Link And the reference for the header struct: Link Any help would be greatly appreciated!

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Strange C++ performance difference?

- by STingRaySC

I just stumbled upon a change that seems to have counterintuitive performance ramifications. Can anyone provide a possible explanation for this behavior? Original code: for (int i = 0; i < ct; ++i) { // do some stuff... int iFreq = getFreq(i); double dFreq = iFreq; if (iFreq != 0) { // do some stuff with iFreq... // do some calculations with dFreq... } } While cleaning up this code during a "performance pass," I decided to move the definition of dFreq inside the if block, as it was only used inside the if. There are several calculations involving dFreq so I didn't eliminate it entirely as it does save the cost of multiple run-time conversions from int to double. I expected no performance difference, or if any at all, a negligible improvement. However, the perfomance decreased by nearly 10%. I have measured this many times, and this is indeed the only change I've made. The code snippet shown above executes inside a couple other loops. I get very consistent timings across runs and can definitely confirm that the change I'm describing decreases performance by ~10%. I would expect performance to increase because the int to double conversion would only occur when iFreq != 0. Chnaged code: for (int i = 0; i < ct; ++i) { // do some stuff... int iFreq = getFreq(i); if (iFreq != 0) { // do some stuff with iFreq... double dFreq = iFreq; // do some stuff with dFreq... } } Can anyone explain this? I am using VC++ 9.0 with /O2. I just want to understand what I'm not accounting for here.

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ManyToManyField "table exist" error on syncdb

- by Derek Reynolds

When I include a ModelToModelField to one of my models the following error is thrown. Traceback (most recent call last): File "manage.py", line 11, in <module> execute_manager(settings) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 362, in execute_manager utility.execute() File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 303, in execute self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 195, in run_from_argv self.execute(*args, **options.__dict__) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 222, in execute output = self.handle(*args, **options) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 351, in handle return self.handle_noargs(**options) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/syncdb.py", line 93, in handle_noargs cursor.execute(statement) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/util.py", line 19, in execute return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 84, in execute return self.cursor.execute(query, args) File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 173, in execute File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 36, in defaulterrorhandler _mysql_exceptions.OperationalError: (1050, "Table 'orders_proof_approved_associations' already exists") Field definition: approved_associations = models.ManyToManyField(Association) Everything works fine when I remove the field, and the table is no where in site. Any thoughts as to why this would happen?

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Why user control with code behind file doesn't want to compile under MVC2?

- by kyrisu

I have user control in my MVC2 app placed in the Content folder (it's not supposed to be a view, just reusable part of the app). UserControl1.ascx looks like: <@ Control AutoEventWireup="true" Language="C#" CodeFile="~/Content/UserControl1.ascx.cs" Inherits="MVCDrill.Content.UserControl1" %> <div runat="server" id="mydiv"> <asp:LinkButton id="lb_text" runat="server"></asp:LinkButton> </div> UserControl1.ascx.cs looks like: using System; using System.Web; using System.Web.UI; namespace MVCDrill.Content { public class UserControl1 : UserControl { public string Text { get { return this.lb_text.Text; } set { this.lb_text.Text = value; } } } } I'm pretty sure this kind of stuff compiled under webforms but I'm getting compilation error: 'MVCDrill.Content.UserControl1' does not contain a definition for 'lb_text' and no extension method 'lb_text' accepting a first argument of type 'MVCDrill.Content.UserControl1' could be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) Am I missing something? How to change it (what is the alternative) in MVC2 ? p.s. Intellisense sees lb_text with no problem. I've tried with different controls with the same outcome.

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Axis2 Class Generation

- by Jack

I have an instance of a derived class (called Child) that I would like to send between the client and server of my web service. However, the method that might be returning this instance, is marked as returning an instance of the parent class (called Parent). For example: public class Service{public Parent createInstanceOfParentOrChildObject();} While Child is not a parameter anywhere in the service nor is it ever specifically named as a return type (only Parent is ever named), it is nonetheless generated and returned inside certain methods (and then cast to Parent). I generated the wsdl file using Axis2 1.4.1 java2wsdl and specifying that it include this class (using the -xc parameter). I did not use Axis2 1.5.1 because it was not honoring the -xc parameter though it looks like that bug is supposedly fixed in Axis2 1.6. I even did a quick check of the generated .wsdl file to ensure that it did indeed include a definition for Child (and, of course, Parent). However, when I used wsdl2java to generate the server-side (and client-side) code, Child was not generated. How can I get wsdl2java to generate Child? I realize that I could do this by hand but I don't want to have to do this for both the client and server. I was also hoping that I could make this as easy as possible for people to use my wsdl to generate their own clients.

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how to better (inambiguaously) use the terms CAPTCHA and various types of interactions?

- by vgv8

I am working on survey of state-of-the-art and trends of spam prevention techniques. I observe that non-intrusive, transparent to visitor spam prevention techniques (like context-based filtering or honey traps) are frequently called non-captcha. Is it correct understanding of term CAPTCHA which is "type of challenge-response [ 2 ]test used in computing to ensure that the response is not generated by a compute" [ 1 ] and challenge-response does not seem to imply obligatory human involvement. So, which understanding (definition) of term and classification I'd better to stick with? How would I better call CAPTCHA without direct human interaction in order to avoid ambiguity and confusion of terms understnding? How would I better (succinctly and unambiguously) coin the term for captchas requiring human interaction but without typing into textbox? How would I better (succinctly and unambiguously) coin the terms to mark the difference between human interaction with images (playing, drag&dropping, rearranging, clicking with images) vs. just recognizing them (and then typing into a textbox the answer without interaction with images)? PS. The problem is that recognition of a wiggled word in an image or typing the answer to question is also interaction and when I start to use the terms "interaction", "interactive", "captcha", "protection", "non-captcha", "non-interactive", "static", "dynamic", "visible", "hidden" the terms overlap ambiguously with which another (especailly because the definitions or their actual practice of usage are vague or contradictive). [ 1 ] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAPTCHA

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