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  • environment variable issue in shell

    - by George2
    I am using Red Hat Linux Enterprise 5. I know the theory that -- using export to set environment variable, the environment variable will apply to current and child environment, but without using export to set environment variable, the environment variable will only apply to the current environment. My confusion is, what is the exact definition of "child environment" and "current environment"? For example, $ var1=123 $ echo "Hello [$var1]" the value of var1 (which is 123) is printed in shell, but I think echo is a command invoked by current shell, and it (the echo command) should be a child environment of current shell and the value of var1 should not (because not using export var1=123) impact echo. Any comments? Thanks in advance!

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  • Conditional blocks of code in linux bash

    - by Arek
    Nearly everybody knows very useful && and || operators, for example: rm myf && echo "File is removed successfully" || echo "File is not removed" I've got a question: how to put a block of commands after && or || operators without using the function? For example I want to do: rm myf && \ echo "File is removed successfully" \ echo "another command executed when rm was successful" || \ echo "File is not removed" \ echo "another command executed when rm was NOT successful" What is the proper syntax of that script?

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  • Network: Incoming connections work, outgoing fails

    - by anirvan
    i recently set up my own server at home to run Ubuntu 12.04 server ed. on booting up, i noticed that a message related to networking comes up, and the booting process pauses. the message read something like - waiting for network configuration and after a while - waiting another 60 seconds... on booting up, I realised that any command which requires a network connection was not working - ping, apt-get install, etc. on firing the ifup eth0 command, I get the error RTNETLINK answers: File exists. Failed to bring up eth0. I also realised, while searching the web for this problem, that this is probably one of the most common networking related issues - however, most of the questions are around setting up multiple IPs for the same machine. ifdown eth0 also fails, stating that eth0 is not configured. my /etc/network/interfaces file has a simple configuration for a static IP: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address xx.xx.xx.xx netmask xx.xx.xx.xx broadcast xx.xx.xx.xx gateway xx.xx.xx.xx dns-nameservers xx.xx.xx.xx The strangest part of this problem is that, while I can't connect to anything outside, I can ping to this particular server using the static IP configured in the interface file, and, i can even SSH into it! I'm really at ends here with this problem, and any guidance is much appreciated. Thanks!

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  • How to check if redis master is OK?

    - by e-satis
    On the documentation, they advice the monitor command. But it has a 50% performance penalty for the whole system, and how should I do that ? Whatching the ouput using SSH until I don't see anything ? Let's say I have 3 servers: 1 with a redis master, 1 with a redis slave, and one with my website querying the redis master. How can I, from my website server, make cleany the decision to fallback to the slave by sending the SLAVEOF NO ONE command ? My first step would be to put some kind of timeout check with a simple ping, just to be sure the server is online. But for redis specifically, I have no clue.

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  • Commands don't have permission when using absplute path

    - by Markos
    I have folders set up this way: /srv/samba/video getfacl /srv/samba/video # file: srv/samba/video # owner: root # group: nogroup user::rwx group::--- group:sambaclients:rwx group:deluge:rwx mask::rwx other::--- default:user::rwx default:group::--- default:group:sambaclients:rwx default:group:deluge:rwx default:mask::rwx default:other::--- That means, user deluge has rwx to folder /srv/samba/video. However, when running command as user deluge, I am getting weird permission errors. When in folder /srv/samba/video: sudo -u deluge mkdir foo works flawlessly. But when using absolute path: sudo -u deluge mkdir /srv/samba/video/foo I am getting permission denied. When running sudo -u deluge id, I get output uid=113(deluge) gid=124(deluge) skupiny=124(deluge) which shows that user deluge is indeed in group deluge. Also, the behavior was the same when I gave the permissions also to user deluge not just group deluge. When executing as non-system user, it does work. The reason that I want to use absolute paths is that I am using automatically triggered post-download script which extracts some files into the folder. I have spent way too many hours to solve this problem myself. mkdir isn't the only command that fails, touch is doing the same thing, so I suspect that it's not mkdir's fault. If you need more info, I will try to put it in here, just ask. Thanx in advance.

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  • Looking for a router-like web interface for my Debian gateway.

    - by marcusw
    Hey, I need a web interface program for my debian gateway which has the features of a router's one. Specifically, I must be able to easily Forward ports to various clients on the LAN or the router itself (it's also a server) Manage a DHCP server preferably including DHCP reservation for certain MACs Give me a list of the connected DHCP clients (optionally) Show which clients are the most active as far as bandwidth (something like iftop) Alternatively, it could be a graphical app which I could tunnel over ssh. No command line programs please...I'm used to doing this stuff with a point-and-click interface. Not adverse to command-line setup; just need to be able to reconfigure things graphically. Have a working LAMP setup. I've tried webmin, but it didn't satisfy the "easy" part...too many clicks and too many meny options.

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  • Is there a Windows 7 equivalent to the *NIX ability to create a hard link to /dev/null?

    - by minameismud
    I saw another question here that the Windows equivalent to /dev/null is simply NUL. I also know that you can use the mklink command to make sym links (shortcuts) from the command line: MKLINK [[/D] | [/H] | [/J]] Link Target /D Creates a directory symbolic link. Default is a file symbolic link. /H Creates a hard link instead of a symbolic link. /J Creates a Directory Junction. Link specifies the new symbolic link name. Target specifies the path (relative or absolute) that the new link refers to. When I try to use the /j switch to make a hard link ("junction") instead of a simple shortcut to NUL, I get: C:\>mklink /j "C:\Program Files\MyNewHardlinkFolder" NUL Local volumes are required to complete the operation. I can create shortcuts to NUL all day long using the /d switch, but I would much prefer the hard link. Any ideas?

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  • How to rsync a large file, with as little CPU and bandwidth expense as possible?

    - by Johan Allgoth
    I have a 500 GB file that I plan on backing up remotely. The file changes often. I'll be rsyncing it from a desktop to a server. Both can run rsync client or server. What is the proper command for this? The ones I've tried sofar has been taking forever or simply acted strange. Example and results: rsync -cv --partial --inplace --no-whole-file /desktop/file1 myserver.com::module/file1 Seems to work, but only if I do it twice (?!). Also, slow. Does the above command do the checksumming on both computers, or only on the sending one? Is it correct otherwise?

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  • Error when installing ubuntu-zfs

    - by ubiquibacon
    I'm switching from FreeNAS to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. After a vanilla install of Ubuntu has been completed I run the following commands in the order shown to install ZFS: apt-get install python-software-properties add-apt-repository ppa:zfs-native/stable apt-get -y -q update && apt-get -y -q upgrade apt-get install ubuntu-zfs When the last command is run ZFS is installed and seems to be working correctly... mostly (more on that later). However, when the last command is run I get this error (full log here): configure: error: *** Please make sure the kmod spl devel <kernel> package for your *** distribution is installed then try again. If that fails you *** can specify the location of the spl objects with the *** '--with-spl-obj=PATH' option. What is this error and how do I fix it? Now I said mostly earlier because my pool's don't auto mount when the server restarts the way they should. All my reading (mostly from this page) indicates that mountall should just take care of the mounting. I have followed the instructions on that page and I cannot get mountall to work correctly. My pools will only auto mount on restart if I edit /etc/fstab or change the ZFS_MOUNT and ZFS_UNMOUNT options in /etc/default/zfs.

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  • How to pipe differently the body of the curl answer and the printed output?

    - by Antoine Lizée
    I would like to print in the command line some output of curl, like the http headers, followed by the body of the answer processed by a stdin/stdout program. For instance: Print the status code: curl -s -w "%{http_code} \\n" -o "/dev/null" http://myURL.com And then process the output with a json parsing tool: curl -s http://myURL.com | python -mjson.tool I would like to do both with one command, and I have the feeling that it may be possible thanks to the -o option that makes the difference between the output of curl and the actual answer from the query. The problem is that -o writes directly to a file. Somebody's got a hack?

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  • Who keeps removing that file?

    - by mgerdts
    Over the years, I've had many times when some file gets removed and there's no obvious culprit.  With dtrace, it is somewhat easy to figure out:  #! /usr/sbin/dtrace -wqs syscall::unlinkat:entry /cleanpath(copyinstr(arg1)) == "/dev/null"/ {         stop();         printf("%s[%d] stopped before removing /dev/null\n", execname, pid);         system("ptree %d; pstack %d", pid, pid); } That script will stop the process trying to remove /dev/null before it does it.  You can allow it to continue by restarting (unstopping?) the command with prun(1) or killing it with kill -9.  If you want the command to continue automatically after getting the ptree and pstack output, you can add "; prun %d" and another pid argument to the system() call.

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  • Failed to fetch *.deb Size mismatch, then packages with unmet dependencies [solved]

    - by user113907
    I recently bought the wonderfully looking and reviewed Amnesia The Dark Descent and I'm trying to install it. The first time I tried to download it, I had to stop in the middle of the download (may have broken something). The second time I tried to download, at the end of the download it gave me the following error: Failed to fetch https://private-ppa.launchpad.net/commercial-ppa-uploaders/amnesia/ubuntu/pool/main/a/amnesia/amnesia_1.2.1-0ubuntu2_i386.deb Size mismatch Now, whenever I try to download it, it gives me this error: The following packages have unmet dependencies: amnesia: Depends: libalut0 (>= 1.0.1) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libc6 (>= 2.4) but 2.15-0ubuntu10.3 is to be installed Depends: libfontconfig1 (>= 2.8.0) but 2.8.0-3ubuntu9.1 is to be installed Depends: libfreetype6 (>= 2.2.1) but 2.4.8-1ubuntu2 is to be installed Depends: libgcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1) but 1:4.6.3-1ubuntu5 is to be installed Depends: libopenal1 (>= 1:1.13) but 1:1.13-4ubuntu3 is to be installed Depends: libsdl1.2debian (>= 1.2.10-1) but 1.2.14-6.4ubuntu3 is to be installed Depends: libstdc++6 (>= 4.1.1) but 4.6.3-1ubuntu5 is to be installed Depends: libxft2 (> 2.1.1) but 2.2.0-3ubuntu2 is to be installed Depends: zlib1g (>= 1:1.1.4) but 1:1.2.3.4.dfsg-3ubuntu4 is to be installed I already searched the net and ran a few command line commands. Ex: sudo dpkg --configure -a sudo apt-get install -f Or configure the software packages to download from Main instead of the local UK server. But I'm really not figuring out a solution. I have a fresh install of the latest LTS (12.04). The only non-standard thing so far is that I installed gnome-shell (?) because I really can't stand Unity. Help would be much appreciated. I am currently more than entertained enough with World of Goo and Command & Conquer, but I will want to play Amnesia in the close future.

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  • Colored PS1 string

    - by Will Vousden
    Clarification: I want __foo to be executed each time the PS1 string is presented in the terminal, not when the PS1 string is constructed (hence its being in quotes). __foo contains logic that examines the current directory, so its execution must be deferred. I'm trying to use different colours in my Bash PS1 string from within a Bash function: LIGHTRED="\033[1;31m" LIGHTGREEN="\033[1;32m" RESET="\033[m" __foo () { # Do some stuff and genereate a string to echo in different colours: echo -n '\['$1'\]firstcolour \['$2'\]secondcolour' } PS1='$(__foo '$LIGHTRED' '$LIGHTGREEN')\['$RESET'\] \$' Essentially I want __foo to generate part of the PS1 in a bunch of different colours. My attempt doesn't seem to work, though; it produces the following output: -bash: 31m: command not found -bash: 32m: command not found \[]firstcolour \[\]secondcolour $ What gives, and how can I fix it?

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  • How can I change ACLs recursively using cacls.exe?

    - by maaartinus
    I want to restrict the access for everything inside the work directory to me and the system only. I tried this with the following command: cacls.exe work /t /p 'PIXLA09\Maaartin:f' 'NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM':f However it doesn't work at all. The following command should show only the two specified users but instead shows a very long list of permissions: cacls.exe work/somedirectory I tried to use /g instead of /p, too. Since I didn't use /e the permissions shouldn't get edited but replaced. Any ideas what's wrong?

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  • Bizarre SSH Problem - It won't even start

    - by thallium85
    I recently got Ubuntu 12.04 Precise, got it up and running with some MediaWiki software, static IP on the box and router and was able to access the main page even from a cell phone. Everything seemed great... Then I wanted to finally get rid of the monitor and keyboard and login remotely via SSH. I installed openssh-server, let everything point to port 22 for a test run and installed putty on my Windows XP machine. I got a connection refused. Went back and started checking the Ubuntu install itself... (I'm under root from this point on) $ sudo -s $ service ssh status ssh stop/waiting $ service ssh start ssh start/running, process 2212 $ service ssh status ssh stop/waiting Apparently ssh has stopped or is waiting for something.... $ ssh localhost ssh: connect to host localhost port 22: Connection refused I can't even connect to myself... I checked ufw (firewall) to see if port 22 is doing alright... $ sudo ufw status Status: active To Action From 22 ALLOW Anywhere 22/tcp ALLOW Anywhere 22 ALLOW Anywhere (v6) 22/tcp ALLOW Anywhere (v6) sshd_config shows only Port 22 Is ssh not using the right IP address at all? I just don't get what I did wrong here. When this is up and running I will def change the port number, but for now, I don't want to mess with the default install too much until a test run with putty is successful. Edit: Here are my sshd_config file and my ssh_config file. The command /usr/sbin/sshd -p 22 -D -d -e returns: /etc/ssh/sshd_config line 159: Subsystem 'sftp' already defined. Edit: @phoibus moving the sshd_config file and reinstalling did the trick! service ssh status the above command shows that ssh is now running and I am now able to log in from my windows xp computer remotely via putty. Thanks so much! I can now use my monitor for other things!

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  • How do I SCP/FTP to a Coraid SR2421

    - by Pitto
    I need to save data to a Coraid SR2421. I am no expert and I'm trying to understand how this costy piece of hardware works. All I have is a Ethernet cable connecting my laptop and the coraid to a switch and the coraid's console with cursor blinking. Any kind of help would be greatly appreciated. edit and further explanation: I've tried using software on the coraid website but It's not working. So I've contacted the support and they sent me a file to upload on the coraid. It looks like if I upgrade coraid's firmware then I'll be able to use the coraid software on the windows side. That's why I'd need SCP/FTP or any kind of solution to copy a file in the partition that can be read from coraid console command line so I can launch the update command as requested. I hope I was a bit clearer now.

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  • tunneling x11vnc through ssh on a non standard port to ubuntu computer tightvnc

    - by user72372
    I have been stuck with setting up my virtual desktop on my ubuntu laptop. I am running ubuntu to ubuntu with x11vnc I start the process on my laptop as follows: " ssh -L5904:localhost:5900 -p Port remoteuser@remoteip." That command works, then I start x11vnc server, "x11vnc -noncache -once -shared -rfbauth ~/.vnc/passwd." This command works and starts connection. Then I open another window on my laptop and type, export VNC_VIA_CMD='/usr/bin/ssh -2 -c aes128-cbc -x -p Port -l User -f -: %L:%H:%R %G sleep 20' (not sure if works). then I type, vncviewer -endcodings Tight -depth 8 -quality 1 -via IPofremotemachine -u remoteuser localhost:01. The first time it work but from now on it just gives me the vncviewer -help screen everytime. I type in the password for my remote machine and then shows -help screen for vncviewer. I think the problem is with Tightvnc viewer but don't know what. Please help. I got some info on www.vanemery.com/Linux/VNC/vnc-over-ssh.html?.

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  • Why is apt-cache so slow?

    - by Damn Terminal
    After upgrade to Trusty (14.04) from Saucy (13.10), all apt operations are very slow. Even those that do not include downloading anything, or connecting to any servers. For example, displaying the apt policy # time apt-cache policy [...] real 0m8.951s user 0m5.069s sys 0m3.861s takes almost ten seconds! Mostly a weird lag right after issuing the command. And it's the same even if I issue the same command again. On another system it doesn't take a tenth of a second real 0m0.096s user 0m0.070s sys 0m0.023s The other system is a little beefier but there was no noticeable difference before the upgrade. It's the same with apt-get, anything apt-related. How do I find out the source of this lag and fix it? Additional info: # cat /etc/nsswitch.conf # /etc/nsswitch.conf # # Example configuration of GNU Name Service Switch functionality. # If you have the `glibc-doc-reference' and `info' packages installed, try: # `info libc "Name Service Switch"' for information about this file. passwd: compat group: compat shadow: compat hosts: files dns networks: files protocols: db files services: db files ethers: db files rpc: db files netgroup: nis BTW is my understanding of how apt-cache works correct? It doesn't make any network connections when I run apt-cache policy, right? In case I'm wrong and it matters, here are my sources https://gist.github.com/anonymous/02920270ff68e23fc3ec

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  • What is wrong with my expect script?

    - by Bryan
    I'm trying to learn how to use the expect command, to help me automate deployment of some software via shell scripts, and figured I start with something simple to get me started. I've created a file in my home dir called 'foo' using: touch foo And I've created the following script saved as test.exp #!/usr/bin/expect spawn rm -i foo expect "rm: remove regular empty file `foo'?" send "y\r" When I run the script using ./test.exp, it spawns the rm command, but it doesn't appear to send the Y and carriage return. I know I don't have a typo in the expect string, as I've used copy and paste to put in the script. What am I doing wrong?

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  • I just recursively chmod'd everything under / to 750. Any tips?

    - by Ouairz
    I won't be the first and I won't be the last, I suppose. While playing around with the find command, I made a whoops and it would appear that instead of changing the permissions of the ~/web directory to 750, it changed the permissions of the entire filesystem (/) to 750, however I'm not certain, but any attempt to investigate is thwarted by Permission denied messages. For everything. This was the offending command: sudo find ~/web . type d -exec chmod 750 {} If I'm not mistaken, the Ubuntu team disabled root logins as a safety precaution so I'm out of ideas. I'm (obviously) a total newbie when it comes to file permissions so I was wondering if anyone had some good or even some bad advice to share. I've mentally prepped myself to losing everything on the computer which is only of mild consequence, since I have backups, but I did do a bit of work on this box over the week and it would be a shame to lose it all due to a boneheaded mistake. If you are reading this message, ask yourself, have you backed up any of your work recently? Thanks in advance for any insights. Feel free to scold me for using sudo carelessly

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  • Open a custom remote powershell remotely

    - by Yann
    I have 2 computers. On the computer A, I have a custom module written in C# for powershell 3.0 and installed via a MSI. I also have a shortcut that open powershell with the module already loaded. I can just double click on my shortcut and run my command Do-Something on this computer without any problem, like the Exchange Server powershell. But now I would like to do it from a remote session on computer B in C#. So my question is, how can I open a remote powershell session to computer A with my module already loaded and the shell configured so I can just run my command and obtain the same result than if I run it on computer A?

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  • Should tests be in the same Ruby file or in separated Ruby files?

    - by Junior Mayhé
    While using Selenium and Ruby to do some functional tests, I am worried with the performance. So is it better to add all test methods in the same Ruby file, or I should put each one in separated code files? Below a sample with all tests in the same file: # encoding: utf-8 require "selenium-webdriver" require "test/unit" class Tests < Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox @base_url = "http://mysite" @driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 30 @verification_errors = [] @wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new :timeout => 10 end def teardown @driver.quit assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def element_present?(how, what) @driver.find_element(how, what) true rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError false end def verify(&blk) yield rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError => ex @verification_errors << ex end def test_1 @driver.get(@base_url + "/") # a huge test here end def test_2 @driver.get(@base_url + "/") # a huge test here end def test_3 @driver.get(@base_url + "/") # a huge test here end def test_4 @driver.get(@base_url + "/") # a huge test here end def test_5 @driver.get(@base_url + "/") # a huge test here end end

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  • Postgresql starup script for second instance?

    - by Andrius
    I need to run my second postgresql instance when linux boots. I added this command (like in postgresql documentation) in rc.local: /usr/lib/postgresql/9.1/bin/pg_ctl start -l logfile -D /var/lib/postgresql/9.1/main2 But if I try to run pg_ctl: cannot be run as root Please log in (using, e.g., "su") as the (unprivileged) user that will own the server process. t, it gives me this error: How can I specify to run that command as postgres, but actually execute it with root (because root owns it). Or is there some better way to make second init script for postgresql? P.S. (I'm using Ubuntu)

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  • Escape a ! in the password parameter of wget

    - by Dave
    I'm trying to execute something like this: wget --user=foo --password=bar! url The ! in the password is causing problems. I've tried escaping it with \, as in --password=bar\! I've tried encapsulating in single and double quotes. I put the password in a separate file and tried --password=cat pass.txt Each time, I get a 403 Forbidden. Using -d, I see that the SSL handshake is successful. On the Windows command line, the command works. My assumption is that I need to escape the ! differently, but I don't know how else.

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  • installing a script as startup service in ubuntu

    - by Jibin
    I have a script openerp-server.py in ~/openerp/stable6/server/bin/.I want it to be run at startup.(As a service or not - I don't know the difference) These are the steps I followed 1 Created a script 'openerp-server' with the following lines in /etc/init.d/ #!/bin/sh cd ~/openerp/stable6/server/bin/ exec /usr/bin/python ./openerp-server.py $@ 2 Made the script executable by using the following command sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/openerp-server 3 Made the link run on startup by using the following command sudo update-rc.d openerp-server I checked using sysv-rc-conf.And openerp-server was selected for run level 2,3,4,5. Now after restarting I checked if the openerp-server.py is running, it was not running. Please help.

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