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  • Returning object from function

    - by brainydexter
    I am really confused now on how and which method to use to return object from a function. I want some feedback on the solutions for the given requirements. Scenario A: The returned object is to be stored in a variable which need not be modified during its lifetime. Thus, const Foo SomeClass::GetFoo() { return Foo(); } invoked as: someMethod() { const Foo& l_Foo = someClassPInstance->GetFoo(); //... } Scneraio B: The returned object is to be stored in a variable which will be modified during its lifetime. Thus, void SomeClass::GetFoo(Foo& a_Foo_ref) { a_Foo_ref = Foo(); } invoked as: someMethod() { Foo l_Foo; someClassPInstance-GetFoo(l_Foo); //... } I have one question here: Lets say that Foo cannot have a default constructor. Then how would you deal with that in this situation, since we cant write this anymore: Foo l_Foo Scenario C: Foo SomeClass::GetFoo() { return Foo(); } invoked as: someMethod() { Foo l_Foo = someClassPInstance->GetFoo(); //... } I think this is not the recommended approach since it would incur constructing extra temporaries. What do you think ? Also, do you recommend a better way to handle this instead ?

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  • C++ return a "NULL" object if search result not found

    - by aduric
    I'm pretty new to C++ so I tend to design with a lot of Java-isms while I'm learning. Anyway, in Java, if I had class with a 'search' method that would return an object T from a Collection< T that matched a specific parameter, I would return that object and if the object was not found in the collection, I would return a NULL. Then in my calling function I would just check if(T != NULL) { ... } In C++, I'm finding out that I can't return a NULL if the object doesn't exist. I just want to return an 'indicator' of type T that notifies the calling function that no object has been found. I don't want to throw an exception because it's not really an exceptional circumstance. class Node { .... Attr& getAttribute(const string& attribute_name) const { //search collection //if found at i return attributes[i]; //if not found return NULL; } private: vector<Attr> attributes; }

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  • How to call a function from another class file

    - by Guy Parker
    I am very familiar with writing VB based applications but am new to Xcode (and Objective C). I have gone through numerous tutorials on the web and understand the basics and how to interact with Interface Builder etc. However, I am really struggling with some basic concepts of the C language and would be grateful for any help you can offer. Heres my problem… I have a simple iphone app which has a view controller (FirstViewController) and a subview (SecondViewController) with associated header and class files. In the FirstViewController.m have a function defined @implementation FirstViewController (void) writeToServer:(const uint8_t ) buf { [oStream write:buf maxLength:strlen((char)buf)]; } It doesn't really matter what the function is. I want to use this function in my SecondViewController, so in SecondViewController.m I import FirstViewController.h import "SecondViewController.h" import "FirstViewController.h" @implementation SecondViewController -(IBAction) SetButton: (id) sender { NSString *s = [@"Fill:" stringByAppendingString: FillLevelValue.text]; NSString *strToSend = [s stringByAppendingString: @":"]; const uint8_t *str = (uint8_t *) [strToSend cStringUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; FillLevelValue.text = strToSend; [FirstViewController writeToServer:str]; } This last line is where my problem is. XCode tells me that FirstViewController may not respond to writeToServer. And when I try to run the application it crashes when this function is called. I guess I don't fully understand how to share functions and more importantly, the relationship between classes. In an ideal world I would create a global class to place my functions in and call them as required. Any advice gratefully received.

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  • Unhandled Exception error message

    - by Joshua Green
    Does anyone know why including a term such as: t = PL_new_term_ref(); would cause an Unhandled Exception error message: 0xC0000005: Access violation reading location 0x0000000c. (Visual Studio 2008) I have a header file: class UserTaskProlog : public ArAction { public: UserTaskProlog( const char* name = " sth " ); ~UserTaskProlog( ); AREXPORT virtual ArActionDesired *fire( ArActionDesired currentDesired ); private: term_t t; }; and a cpp file: UserTaskProlog::UserTaskProlog( const char* name ) : ArAction( name, " sth " ) { char** argv; argv[ 0 ] = "libpl.dll"; PL_initialise( 1, argv ); PlCall( "consult( 'myProg.pl' )" ); } UserTaskProlog::~UserTaskProlog( ) { } ArActionDesired *UserTaskProlog::fire( ArActionDesired currentDesired ) { cout << " something " << endl; t = PL_new_term_ref( ); } Without t=PL_new_term_ref() everything works fine, but when I start adding my Prolog code (declarations first, such as t=PL_new_term_ref), I get this Access Violation error message. I'd appreciate any help. Thanks,

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  • How to create a generic C free function .

    - by nomemory
    I have some C structures related to a 'list' data structure. They look like this. struct nmlist_element_s { void *data; struct nmlist_element_s *next; }; typedef struct nmlist_element_s nmlist_element; struct nmlist_s { void (*destructor)(void *data); int (*cmp)(const void *e1, const void *e2); unsigned int size; nmlist_element *head; nmlist_element *tail; }; typedef struct nmlist_s nmlist; This way I can have different data types being hold in "nmlist_element-data" . The "constructor" (in terms of OOP) has the following signature: nmlist *nmlist_alloc(void (*destructor)(void *data)); Where "destructor" is specific function that de-allocated "data" (being hold by the nmlist_element). If I want to have a list containing integers as data, my "destructor" would like this: void int_destructor(void *data) { free((int*)data); } Still i find it rather "unfriendly" for me to write a destructor functions for every simple primitive data type. So is there a trick to write something like this ? (for primitives): void "x"_destructor(void *data, "x") { free(("x" *)data); } PS: I am not a macro fan myself, and in my short experience regarding C, i don't use them, unless necessary.

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  • optimize 2D array in C++

    - by Hristo
    I'm dealing with a 2D array with the following characteristics: const int cols = 500; const int rows = 100; int arr[rows][cols]; I access array arr in the following manner to do some work: for(int k = 0; k < T; ++k) { // for each trainee myscore[k] = 0; for(int i = 0; i < N; ++i) { // for each sample for(int j = 0; j < E[i]; ++j) { // for each expert myscore[k] += delta(i, anotherArray[k][i], arr[j][i]); } } } So I am worried about the array 'arr' and not the other one. I need to make this more cache-friendly and also boost the speed. I was thinking perhaps transposing the array but I wasn't sure how to do that. My implementation turns out to only work for square matrices. How would I make it work for non-square matrices? Also, would mapping the 2D array into a 1D array boost the performance? If so, how would I do that? Finally, any other advice on how else I can optimize this... I've run out of ideas, but I know that arr[j][i] is the place where I need to make changes because I'm accessing columns by columns instead of rows by rows so that is not cache friendly at all. Thanks, Hristo

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  • OmniCppComplete: Completing on Class Members which are STL containers

    - by Robert S. Barnes
    Completion on class members which are STL containers is failing. Completion on local objects which are STL containers works fine. For example, given the following files: // foo.h #include <string> class foo { public: void set_str(const std::string &); std::string get_str_reverse( void ); private: std::string str; }; // foo.cpp #include "foo.h" using std::string; string foo::get_str_reverse ( void ) { string temp; temp.assign(str); reverse(temp.begin(), temp.end()); return temp; } /* ----- end of method foo::get_str ----- */ void foo::set_str ( const string &s ) { str.assign(s); } /* ----- end of method foo::set_str ----- */ I've generated the tags for these two files using: ctags -R --c++-kinds=+pl --fields=+iaS --extra=+q . When I type temp. in the cpp I get a list of string member functions as expected. But if I type str. omnicppcomplete spits out "Pattern Not Found". I've noticed that the temp. completion only works if I have the using std::string; declaration. How do I get completion to work on my class members which are STL containers?

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  • "database already closed" is shown using a custom cursor adapter

    - by kiduxa
    I'm using a cursor with a custom adapter that extends SimpleCursorAdapter: public class ListWordAdapter extends SimpleCursorAdapter { private LayoutInflater inflater; private Cursor mCursor; private int mLayout; private String[] from; private int[] to; public ListWordAdapter(Context context, int layout, Cursor c, String[] from, int[] to, int flags) { super(context, layout, c, from, to, flags); this.mCursor = c; this.inflater = LayoutInflater.from(context); this.mLayout = layout; this.from = from; this.to = to; } private static class ViewHolder { //public ImageView img; public TextView name; public TextView type; public TextView translate; } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { if (mCursor.moveToPosition(position)) { ViewHolder holder; if (convertView == null) { convertView = inflater.inflate(mLayout, null); holder = new ViewHolder(); // holder.img = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.img_row); holder.name = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(to[0]); holder.type = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(to[1]); holder.translate = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(to[2]); convertView.setTag(holder); } else { holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag(); } holder.name.setText(mCursor.getString(mCursor.getColumnIndex(from[0]))); holder.type.setText(mCursor.getString(mCursor.getColumnIndex(from[1]))); holder.translate.setText(mCursor.getString(mCursor.getColumnIndex(from[2]))); // holder.img.setImageResource(img_resource); } return convertView; } } And in the main activity I call it as: adapter = new ListWordAdapter(getSherlockActivity(), R.layout.row_list_words, mCursorWords, from, to, 0); When a modification in the list is made, I call this method: public void onWordSaved() { WordDAO wordsDao = new WordSqliteDAO(); Cursor mCursorWords = wordsDao.list(getSherlockActivity()); adapter.changeCursor(mCursorWords); } The thing here is that this produces me this exception: 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): java.lang.IllegalStateException: database /data/data/com.example.palabrasdeldia/databases/palabrasDelDia (conn# 0) already closed Complete stack trace: 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): FATAL EXCEPTION: main 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): java.lang.IllegalStateException: database /data/data/com.example.palabrasdeldia/databases/palabrasDelDia (conn# 0) already closed 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.verifyDbIsOpen(SQLiteDatabase.java:2123) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.lock(SQLiteDatabase.java:398) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.lock(SQLiteDatabase.java:390) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteQuery.fillWindow(SQLiteQuery.java:74) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteCursor.fillWindow(SQLiteCursor.java:311) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteCursor.onMove(SQLiteCursor.java:283) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.database.AbstractCursor.moveToPosition(AbstractCursor.java:173) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at com.example.palabrasdeldia.adapters.ListWordAdapter.getView(ListWordAdapter.java:42) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.AbsListView.obtainView(AbsListView.java:2128) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.ListView.makeAndAddView(ListView.java:1817) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.ListView.fillSpecific(ListView.java:1361) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.ListView.layoutChildren(ListView.java:1646) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.AbsListView.onLayout(AbsListView.java:1979) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.View.layout(View.java:9593) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:3877) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.LinearLayout.setChildFrame(LinearLayout.java:1542) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.LinearLayout.layoutHorizontal(LinearLayout.java:1527) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.LinearLayout.onLayout(LinearLayout.java:1316) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.View.layout(View.java:9593) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:3877) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:400) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.View.layout(View.java:9593) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:3877) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.support.v4.view.ViewPager.onLayout(ViewPager.java:1589) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.View.layout(View.java:9593) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:3877) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:400) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.View.layout(View.java:9593) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:3877) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.LinearLayout.setChildFrame(LinearLayout.java:1542) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.LinearLayout.layoutVertical(LinearLayout.java:1403) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.LinearLayout.onLayout(LinearLayout.java:1314) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.View.layout(View.java:9593) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:3877) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:400) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.View.layout(View.java:9593) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:3877) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.LinearLayout.setChildFrame(LinearLayout.java:1542) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.LinearLayout.layoutVertical(LinearLayout.java:1403) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.LinearLayout.onLayout(LinearLayout.java:1314) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.View.layout(View.java:9593) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:3877) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:400) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.View.layout(View.java:9593) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:3877) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:400) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.View.layout(View.java:9593) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:3877) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.ViewRoot.performTraversals(ViewRoot.java:1253) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.view.ViewRoot.handleMessage(ViewRoot.java:2017) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:132) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4028) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:491) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:844) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:602) 10-29 11:14:33.810: E/AndroidRuntime(18659): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) If I use SimpleCursorAdapter directly instead of ListWordAdapter, it works fine. What's wrong with my custom adapter implementation? The line in bold in the stack trace corresponds with: if (mCursor.moveToPosition(position)) inside getView method. EDIT: I have created a custom class to manage DB operations as open and close: public class ConexionBD { private Context context; private SQLiteDatabase database; private DataBaseHelper dbHelper; public ConexionBD(Context context) { this.context = context; } public ConexionBD open() throws SQLException { this.dbHelper = DataBaseHelper.getInstance(context); this.database = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase(); database.execSQL("PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON"); return this; } public void close() { if (database.isOpen() && database != null) { dbHelper.close(); } } /*Getters y setters*/ public SQLiteDatabase getDatabase() { return database; } public void setDatabase(SQLiteDatabase database) { this.database = database; } } And this is my DataBaseHelper: public class DataBaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "myDb"; private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1; private static DataBaseHelper sInstance = null; public static DataBaseHelper getInstance(Context context) { // Use the application context, which will ensure that you // don't accidentally leak an Activity's context. // See this article for more information: http://bit.ly/6LRzfx if (sInstance == null) { sInstance = new DataBaseHelper(context.getApplicationContext()); } return sInstance; } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase database) { ... } .... And this is an example of how I manage a query: public Cursor list(Context context) { ConexionBD conexion = new ConexionBD(context); Cursor mCursor = null; try{ conexion.open(); mCursor = conexion.getDatabase().query(DataBaseHelper.TABLE_WORD , null , null, null, null, null, Word.NAME); if (mCursor != null) { mCursor.moveToFirst(); } }finally{ conexion.close(); } return mCursor; } For every connection to the DB I open it and close it.

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  • Make phone browser open a URL on Symbian S60 3rd Ed programmatically

    - by ardsrk
    On clicking a URL displayed in my application running on a Symbian S60 3rd Edition device should make the phone browser ( which is already open ) open the specified URL. Here is the code: _LIT( KUrlPrefix,"4 " ) void CMunduIMAppUi::OpenInBrowser(const TDesC& aUrl) { HBufC *url = NULL; const TInt KWmlBrowserUid =0x10008D39; TUid id( TUid::Uid( KWmlBrowserUid ) ); TApaTaskList taskList( CEikonEnv::Static()->WsSession() ); TApaTask task = taskList.FindApp( id ); // Checks if the browser is already open if ( task.Exists() ) { HBufC8* parameter = HBufC8::NewL( aUrl.Length()+ KUrlPrefix().Length()); parameter->Des().Copy(KUrlPrefix); parameter->Des().Append(aUrl); task.BringToForeground(); task.SendMessage(TUid::Uid(0), *parameter); // UID not used delete parameter; parameter = NULL; } } When I use this code to open a URL the browser comes to the foreground but does not get directed to the URL. I suspect something is wrong in SendMessage call that is called after the browser is brought to foreground: task.SendMessage(TUid::Uid(0), *parameter); // UID not used

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  • How to use VBA to colour pie chart

    - by Timon Heinomann
    I have the following code in which the code tries to create a bubble chart with pie charts as the bubbles. As in this version colour themes are used to create a different colour in each pie chart (bulbble) in the function part I have the problem that it works depending on the paths to the colour paletts. Is there an easy way to make the function in a way that it works independently of those paths either by coding a colour for each pie chart segment or by using standardize paths (probably not possible, not preferable). Sub PieMarkers() Dim chtMarker As Chart Dim chtMain As Chart Dim intPoint As Integer Dim rngRow As Range Dim lngPointIndex As Long Dim thmColor As Long Dim myTheme As String Application.ScreenUpdating = False Set chtMarker = ActiveSheet.ChartObjects("chtMarker").Chart Set chtMain = ActiveSheet.ChartObjects("chtMain").Chart Set chtMain = ActiveSheet.ChartObjects("chtMain").Chart Set rngRow = Range(ThisWorkbook.Names("PieChartValues").RefersTo) For Each rngRow In Range("PieChartValues").Rows chtMarker.SeriesCollection(1).Values = rngRow ThisWorkbook.Theme.ThemeColorScheme.Load GetColorScheme(thmColor) chtMarker.Parent.CopyPicture xlScreen, xlPicture lngPointIndex = lngPointIndex + 1 chtMain.SeriesCollection(1).Points(lngPointIndex).Paste thmColor = thmColor + 1 Next lngPointIndex = 0 Application.ScreenUpdating = True End Sub Function GetColorScheme(i As Long) As String Const thmColor1 As String = "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Document Themes 15\Theme Colors\Blue Green.xml" Const thmColor2 As String = "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Document Themes 15\Theme Colors\Orange Red.xml" Select Case i Mod 2 Case 0 GetColorScheme = thmColor1 Case 1 GetColorScheme = thmColor2 End Select End Function The code copies a single chart again and again on the bubbles. So I woudl like to alter the Function (now called Get colourscheme) into a fucntion that assigns a a unqiue rgb colour to each segment of each pie chart

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  • Printing a DataTable to textbox/textfile in .NET

    - by neodymium
    Is there a predefined or "easy" method of writing a datatable to a text file or TextBox Control (With monospace font) such as DataTable.Print(): Column1| Column2| --------|--------| v1| v2| v3| v4| v5| v6| Edit Here's an initial version (vb.net) - in case anyone is interested or wants to build their own: Public Function BuildTable(ByVal dt As DataTable) As String Dim result As New StringBuilder Dim widths As New List(Of Integer) Const ColumnSeparator As Char = "|"c Const HeadingUnderline As Char = "-"c ' determine width of each column based on widest of either column heading or values in that column For Each col As DataColumn In dt.Columns Dim colWidth As Integer = Integer.MinValue For Each row As DataRow In dt.Rows Dim len As Integer = row(col.ColumnName).ToString.Length If len > colWidth Then colWidth = len End If Next widths.Add(CInt(IIf(colWidth < col.ColumnName.Length, col.ColumnName.Length + 1, colWidth + 1))) Next ' write column headers For Each col As DataColumn In dt.Columns result.Append(col.ColumnName.PadLeft(widths(col.Ordinal))) result.Append(ColumnSeparator) Next result.AppendLine() ' write heading underline For Each col As DataColumn In dt.Columns Dim horizontal As String = New String(HeadingUnderline, widths(col.Ordinal)) result.Append(horizontal.PadLeft(widths(col.Ordinal))) result.Append(ColumnSeparator) Next result.AppendLine() ' write each row For Each row As DataRow In dt.Rows For Each col As DataColumn In dt.Columns result.Append(row(col.ColumnName).ToString.PadLeft(widths(col.Ordinal))) result.Append(ColumnSeparator) Next result.AppendLine() Next Return result.ToString() End Function

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  • How do I patch a Windows API at runtime so that it to returns 0 in x64?

    - by Jorge Vasquez
    In x86, I get the function address using GetProcAddress() and write a simple XOR EAX,EAX; RET; in it. Simple and effective. How do I do the same in x64? bool DisableSetUnhandledExceptionFilter() { const BYTE PatchBytes[5] = { 0x33, 0xC0, 0xC2, 0x04, 0x00 }; // XOR EAX,EAX; RET; // Obtain the address of SetUnhandledExceptionFilter HMODULE hLib = GetModuleHandle( _T("kernel32.dll") ); if( hLib == NULL ) return false; BYTE* pTarget = (BYTE*)GetProcAddress( hLib, "SetUnhandledExceptionFilter" ); if( pTarget == 0 ) return false; // Patch SetUnhandledExceptionFilter if( !WriteMemory( pTarget, PatchBytes, sizeof(PatchBytes) ) ) return false; // Ensures out of cache FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), pTarget, sizeof(PatchBytes)); // Success return true; } static bool WriteMemory( BYTE* pTarget, const BYTE* pSource, DWORD Size ) { // Check parameters if( pTarget == 0 ) return false; if( pSource == 0 ) return false; if( Size == 0 ) return false; if( IsBadReadPtr( pSource, Size ) ) return false; // Modify protection attributes of the target memory page DWORD OldProtect = 0; if( !VirtualProtect( pTarget, Size, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, &OldProtect ) ) return false; // Write memory memcpy( pTarget, pSource, Size ); // Restore memory protection attributes of the target memory page DWORD Temp = 0; if( !VirtualProtect( pTarget, Size, OldProtect, &Temp ) ) return false; // Success return true; } This example is adapted from code found here: http://www.debuginfo.com/articles/debugfilters.html#overwrite .

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  • C++ operator lookup rules / Koenig lookup

    - by John Bartholomew
    While writing a test suite, I needed to provide an implementation of operator<<(std::ostream&... for Boost unit test to use. This worked: namespace theseus { namespace core { std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& ss, const PixelRGB& p) { return (ss << "PixelRGB(" << (int)p.r << "," << (int)p.g << "," << (int)p.b << ")"); } }} This didn't: std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& ss, const theseus::core::PixelRGB& p) { return (ss << "PixelRGB(" << (int)p.r << "," << (int)p.g << "," << (int)p.b << ")"); } Apparently, the second wasn't included in the candidate matches when g++ tried to resolve the use of the operator. Why (what rule causes this)? The code calling operator<< is deep within the Boost unit test framework, but here's the test code: BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE(core_image) BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_output) { using namespace theseus::core; BOOST_TEST_MESSAGE(PixelRGB(5,5,5)); // only compiles with operator<< definition inside theseus::core std::cout << PixelRGB(5,5,5) << "\n"; // works with either definition BOOST_CHECK(true); // prevent no-assertion error } BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END() For reference, I'm using g++ 4.4 (though for the moment I'm assuming this behaviour is standards-conformant).

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  • wordpress generating slow mysql queries - is it index problem?

    - by tash
    Hello Stack Overflow I've got very slow Mysql queries coming up from my wordpress site. It's making everything slow and I think this is eating up CPU usage. I've pasted the Explain results for the two most frequently problematic queries below. This is a typical result - although very occasionally teh queries do seem to be performed at a more normal speed. I have the usual wordpress indexes on the database tables. You will see that one of the queries is generated from wordpress core code, and not from anything specific - like the theme - for my site. I have a vague feeling that the database is not always using the indexes/is not using them properly... Is this right? Does anyone know how to fix it? Or is it a different problem entirely? Many thanks in advance for any help anyone can offer - it is hugely appreciated Query: [wp-blog-header.php(14): wp()] SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS wp_posts.* FROM wp_posts WHERE 1=1 AND wp_posts.post_type = 'post' AND (wp_posts.post_status = 'publish' OR wp_posts.post_status = 'private') ORDER BY wp_posts.post_date DESC LIMIT 0, 6 id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra 1 SIMPLE wp_posts ref type_status_date type_status_date 63 const 427 Using where; Using filesort Query time: 34.2829 (ms) 9) Query: [wp-content/themes/LMHR/index.php(40): query_posts()] SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS wp_posts.* FROM wp_posts WHERE 1=1 AND wp_posts.ID NOT IN ( SELECT tr.object_id FROM wp_term_relationships AS tr INNER JOIN wp_term_taxonomy AS tt ON tr.term_taxonomy_id = tt.term_taxonomy_id WHERE tt.taxonomy = 'category' AND tt.term_id IN ('217', '218', '223', '224') ) AND wp_posts.post_type = 'post' AND (wp_posts.post_status = 'publish' OR wp_posts.post_status = 'private') ORDER BY wp_posts.post_date DESC LIMIT 0, 6 id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra 1 PRIMARY wp_posts ref type_status_date type_status_date 63 const 427 Using where; Using filesort 2 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY tr ref PRIMARY,term_taxonomy_id PRIMARY 8 func 1 Using index 2 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY tt eq_ref PRIMARY,term_id_taxonomy,taxonomy PRIMARY 8 antin1_lovemusic2010.tr.term_taxonomy_id 1 Using where Query time: 70.3900 (ms)

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  • leak in fgets when assigning to buffer

    - by monkeyking
    I'm having problems understanding why following code leaks in one case, and not in the other case. The difference is while(NULL!=fgets(buffer,length,file))//doesnt leak while(NULL!=(buffer=fgets(buffer,length,file))//leaks I thought it would be the same. Full code below. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define LENS 10000 void no_leak(const char* argv){ char *buffer = (char *) malloc(LENS); FILE *fp=fopen(argv,"r"); while(NULL!=fgets(buffer,LENS,fp)){ fprintf(stderr,"%s",buffer); } fclose(fp); fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",buffer); free(buffer); } void with_leak(const char* argv){ char *buffer = (char *) malloc(LENS); FILE *fp=fopen(argv,"r"); while(NULL!=(buffer=fgets(buffer,LENS,fp))){ fprintf(stderr,"%s",buffer); } fclose(fp); fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",buffer); free(buffer); }

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  • C callback functions defined in an unnamed namespace?

    - by Johannes Schaub - litb
    Hi all. I have a C++ project that uses a C bison parser. The C parser uses a struct of function pointers to call functions that create proper AST nodes when productions are reduced by bison: typedef void Node; struct Actions { Node *(*newIntLit)(int val); Node *(*newAsgnExpr)(Node *left, Node *right); /* ... */ }; Now, in the C++ part of the project, i fill those pointers class AstNode { /* ... */ }; class IntLit : public AstNode { /* ... */ }; extern "C" { Node *newIntLit(int val) { return (Node*)new IntLit(val); } /* ... */ } Actions createActions() { Actions a; a.newIntLit = &newIntLit; /* ... */ return a; } Now the only reason i put them within extern "C" is because i want them to have C calling conventions. But optimally, i would like their names still be mangled. They are never called by-name from C code, so name mangling isn't an issue. Having them mangled will avoid name conflicts, since some actions are called like error, and the C++ callback function has ugly names like the following just to avoid name clashes with other modules. extern "C" { void uglyNameError(char const *str) { /* ... */ } /* ... */ } a.error = &uglyNameError; I wondered whether it could be possible by merely giving the function type C linkage extern "C" void fty(char const *str); namespace { fty error; /* Declared! But i can i define it with that type!? */ } Any ideas? I'm looking for Standard-C++ solutions.

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  • c++-to-python swig caused memory leak! Related to Py_BuildValue and SWIG_NewPointerObj

    - by usfree74
    Hey gurus, I have the following Swig code that caused memory leak. PyObject* FindBestMatch(const Bar& fp) { Foo* ptr(new Foo()); float match; // call a function to fill the foo pointer return Py_BuildValue( "(fO)", match, SWIG_NewPointerObj(ptr, SWIGTYPE_p_Foo, 0 /* own */)); } I figured that ptr is not freed properly. So I did the following: PyObject* FindBestMatch(const Bar& fp) { Foo* ptr(new Foo()); float match; // call a function to fill the foo pointer *PyObject *o = SWIG_NewPointerObj(ptr, SWIGTYPE_p_Foo, 1 /* own */);* <------- 1 means pass the ownership to python PyObject *result = Py_BuildValue("(fO)", match, o); Py_XDECREF(o); return result; } But I am not very sure whether this will cause memory corruption. Here, Py_XDECREF(o) will decrease the ref count, which can free memory used by object "o". But o is part of the return value "result". Freeing "o" can cause data corrupt, I guess? I tried my change. It works fine and the caller (python code) does see the expected data. But this could be because nobody else overwrites to that memory area. So what's the right way to deal with memory management of the above code? I search the swig docs, but don't see very concrete description. Please help! Thanks, xin

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  • Trying to make a plugin system in C++/Qt

    - by Pirate for Profit
    I'm making a task-based program that needs to have plugins. Tasks need to have properties which can be easily edited, I think this can be done with Qt's Meta-Object Compiler reflection capabilities (I could be wrong, but I should be able to stick this in a QtPropertyBrowser?) So here's the base: class Task : public QObject { Q_OBJECT public: explicit Task(QObject *parent = 0) : QObject(parent){} virtual void run() = 0; signals: void taskFinished(bool success = true); } Then a plugin might have this task: class PrinterTask : public Task { Q_OBJECT public: explicit PrinterTask(QObject *parent = 0) : Task(parent) {} void run() { Printer::getInstance()->Print(this->getData()); // fictional emit taskFinished(true); } inline const QString &getData() const; inline void setData(QString data); Q_PROPERTY(QString data READ getData WRITE setData) // for reflection } In a nutshell, here's what I want to do: // load plugin // find all the Tasks interface implementations in it // have user able to choose a Task and edit its specific Q_PROPERTY's // run the TASK It's important that one .dll has multiple tasks, because I want them to be associated by their module. For instance, "FileTasks.dll" could have tasks for deleting files, making files, etc. The only problem with Qt's plugin setup is I want to store X amount of Tasks in one .dll module. As far as I can tell, you can only load one interface per plugin (I could be wrong?). If so, the only possible way to do accomplish what I want is to create a FactoryInterface with string based keys which return the objects (as in Qt's Plug-And-Paint example), which is a terrible boilerplate that I would like to avoid. Anyone know a cleaner C++ plugin architecture than Qt's to do what I want? Also, am I safely assuming Qt's reflection capabilities will do what I want (i.e. able to edit an unknown dynamically loaded tasks' properties with the QtPropertyBrowser before dispatching)?

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  • C++ Declarative Parsing Serialization

    - by Martin York
    Looking at Java and C# they manage to do some wicked processing based on special languaged based anotation (forgive me if that is the incorrect name). In C++ we have two problems with this: 1) There is no way to annotate a class with type information that is accessable at runtime. 2) Parsing the source to generate stuff is way to complex. But I was thinking that this could be done with some template meta-programming to achieve the same basic affect as anotations (still just thinking about it). Like char_traits that are specialised for the different types an xml_traits template could be used in a declaritive way. This traits class could be used to define how a class is serialised/deserialized by specializing the traits for the class you are trying to serialize. Example Thoughs: template<typename T> struct XML_traits { typedef XML_Empty Children; }; template<> struct XML_traits<Car> { typedef boost::mpl::vector<Body,Wheels,Engine> Children; }; template<typename T> std::ostream& Serialize(T const&) { // my template foo is not that strong. // but somthing like this. boost::mpl::for_each<typename XML_Traits<T>::Children,Serialize>(data); } template<> std::ostream& Serialize<XML_Empty>(T const&) { /* Do Nothing */ } My question is: Has anybody seen any projects/decumentation (not just XML) out there that uses techniques like this (template meta-programming) to emulate the concept of annotation used in languges like Java and C# that can then be used in code generation (to effectively automate the task by using a declaritive style). At this point in my research I am looking for more reading material and examples.

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  • Life Scope of Temporary Variable

    - by Yan Cheng CHEOK
    #include <cstdio> #include <string> void fun(const char* c) { printf("--> %s\n", c); } std::string get() { std::string str = "Hello World"; return str; } int main() { const char *cc = get().c_str(); // cc is not valid at this point. As it is pointing to // temporary string internal buffer, and the temporary string // has already been destroyed at this point. fun(cc); // But I am surprise this call will yield valid result. // It seems that the returned temporary string is valid within // scope (...) // What my understanding is, scope means {...} // Is this valid behavior guarantee by C++ standard? Or it depends // on your compiler vendor implementations? fun(get().c_str()); getchar(); } The output is : --> --> Hello World Hello, may I know the correct behavior is guarantee by C++ standard, or it depends on your compiler vendor implementations? I have tested this under VC2008 and VC6. Works fine for both.

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  • strcmp() but with 0-9 AFTER A-Z? (C/C++)

    - by Aaron
    For reasons I completely disagree with but "The Powers (of Anti-Usability) That Be" continue to decree despite my objections, I have a sorting routine which does basic strcmp() compares to sort by its name. It works great; it's hard to get that one wrong. However, at the 11th hour, it's been decided that entries which begin with a number should come AFTER entries which begin with a letter, contrary to the ASCII ordering. They cite the EBCDIC standard has numbers following letters so the prior assumption isn't a universal truth, and I have no power to win this argument... but I digress. Therein lies my problem. I've replaced all appropriate references to strcmp with a new function call nonstd_strcmp, and now need to implement the modifications to accomplish the sort change. I've used a FreeBSD source as my base: http://freebsd.active-venture.com/FreeBSD-srctree/newsrc/libkern/strncmp.c.html if (n == 0) return (0); do { if (*s1 != *s2++) return (*(const unsigned char *)s1 - *(const unsigned char *)(s2 - 1)); if (*s1++ == 0) break; } while (--n != 0); return (0); I guess I might need to take some time away to really think about how it should be done, but I'm sure I'm not the only one who's experienced the brain-deadness of just-before-release spec changes.

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  • C++ find multiple keys from a std::multimap

    - by sch0ck9
    I have a STL::multimap and I search to populate a std::list with value which key is duplicated. Can I find/insert to a std::list the value of elements for all key where count 1 without counting them one by one? std::multimap<int, std::string> mm ; mm[0] = "a" ; mm[1] = "b" ; mm[0] = "c" ; mm[2] = "j" ; mm[2] = "k" ; std::list<std::string> lst ; lst might contains "a" ,"c","j","k" ; I try this template <class K, class V> class extract_value { private: K last_key_ ; std::list<V> m_list_value ; std::pair<K, V> first_elem ; public: extract_value(const K& k_): last_key_(k_) { } void operator() (std::pair<const K, V> elem) { if (last_key_ == elem.first) { m_list_value.push_back(elem.second) ; } else { // First entry last_key_ = elem.first; first_elem= elem ; } } std::list<V> get_value() { return m_list_value ; } }; ex_ = for_each(mm.begin(),mm.end(), extract_value<int, std::string>(0)) ; std::list<std::string> lst = ex_.get_value() ; I'm not sure that this code compile.

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  • User defined literal arguments are not constexpr?

    - by Pubby
    I'm testing out user defined literals. I want to make _fac return the factorial of the number. Having it call a constexpr function works, however it doesn't let me do it with templates as the compiler complains that the arguments are not and cannot be constexpr. I'm confused by this - aren't literals constant expressions? The 5 in 5_fac is always a literal that can be evaluated during compile time, so why can't I use it as such? First method: constexpr int factorial_function(int x) { return (x > 0) ? x * factorial_function(x - 1) : 1; } constexpr int operator "" _fac(unsigned long long x) { return factorial_function(x); // this works } Second method: template <int N> struct factorial { static const unsigned int value = N * factorial<N - 1>::value; }; template <> struct factorial<0> { static const unsigned int value = 1; }; constexpr int operator "" _fac(unsigned long long x) { return factorial_template<x>::value; // doesn't work - x is not a constexpr }

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  • What does this structure actually do?

    - by LGTrader
    I found this structure code in a Julia Set example from a book on CUDA. I'm a newbie C programmer and cannot get my head around what it's doing, nor have I found the right thing to read on the web to clear it up. Here's the structure: struct cuComplex { float r; float i; cuComplex( float a, float b ) : r(a), i(b) {} float magnitude2( void ) { return r * r + i * i; } cuComplex operator*(const cuComplex& a) { return cuComplex(r*a.r - i*a.i, i*a.r + r*a.i); } cuComplex operator+(const cuComplex& a) { return cuComplex(r+a.r, i+a.i); } }; and it's called very simply like this: cuComplex c(-0.8, 0.156); cuComplex a(jx, jy); int i = 0; for (i=0; i<200; i++) { a = a * a + c; if (a.magnitude2() > 1000) return 0; } return 1; So, the code did what? Defined something of structure type 'cuComplex' giving the real and imaginary parts of a number. (-0.8 & 0.156) What is getting returned? (Or placed in the structure?) How do I work through the logic of the operator stuff in the struct to understand what is actually calculated and held there? I think that it's probably doing recursive calls back into the stucture float magnitude2 (void) { return return r * r + i * i; } probably calls the '*' operator for r and again for i, and then the results of those two operations call the '+' operator? Is this correct and what gets returned at each step? Just plain confused. Thanks!

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  • How to get the size of a binary tree ?

    - by Andrei Ciobanu
    I have a very simple binary tree structure, something like: struct nmbintree_s { unsigned int size; int (*cmp)(const void *e1, const void *e2); void (*destructor)(void *data); nmbintree_node *root; }; struct nmbintree_node_s { void *data; struct nmbintree_node_s *right; struct nmbintree_node_s *left; }; Sometimes i need to extract a 'tree' from another and i need to get the size to the 'extracted tree' in order to update the size of the initial 'tree' . I was thinking on two approaches: 1) Using a recursive function, something like: unsigned int nmbintree_size(struct nmbintree_node* node) { if (node==NULL) { return(0); } return( nmbintree_size(node->left) + nmbintree_size(node->right) + 1 ); } 2) A preorder / inorder / postorder traversal done in an iterative way (using stack / queue) + counting the nodes. What approach do you think is more 'memory failure proof' / performant ? Any other suggestions / tips ? NOTE: I am probably going to use this implementation in the future for small projects of mine. So I don't want to unexpectedly fail :).

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