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• Is it acceptable to wrap PHP library functions solely to change the names?

  - by Carson Myers

  I'm going to be starting a fairly large PHP application this summer, on which I'll be the sole developer (so I don't have any coding conventions to conform to aside from my own). PHP 5.3 is a decent language IMO, despite the stupid namespace token. But one thing that has always bothered me about it is the standard library and its lack of a naming convention. So I'm curious, would it be seriously bad practice to wrap some of the most common standard library functions in my own functions/classes to make the names a little better? I suppose it could also add or modify some functionality in some cases, although at the moment I don't have any examples (I figure I will find ways to make them OO or make them work a little differently while I am working). If you saw a PHP developer do this, would you think "Man, this is one shoddy developer?" Additionally, I don't know much (or anything) about if/how PHP is optimized, and I know that usually PHP performace doesn't matter. But would doing something like this have a noticeable impact on the performance of my application?

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• Cast base class object to derived class

  - by Popgalop

  Lets say I have two classes, animal and dog like this. class Animal { }; class Dog : public Animal { }; And I have an animal object named animal, that is actually an instance of dog, how would I cast it back to dog? This may seem like an odd question, but I need it because I am writing a programming language interpreter, and on the stack everything is stored as a BaseObject, and all the other datatypes extend BaseObject. How would I cast the base object from the stack, to a specific data type? I have tried something like this Dog dog = static_cast<Dog>(animal); But it gives me an error 1>------ Build started: Project: StackTests, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------ 1> StackTests.cpp 1>c:\users\owner\documents\visual studio 2012\projects\stacktests\stacktests\stacktests.cpp(173): error C2440: 'static_cast' : cannot convert from 'Animal' to 'Dog' 1> No constructor could take the source type, or constructor overload resolution was ambiguous 1>c:\users\owner\documents\visual studio 2012\projects\stacktests\stacktests\stacktests.cpp(173): error C2512: 'Dog' : no appropriate default constructor available ========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========

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• Omit Properties from WebControl Serialization

  - by Laramie

  I have to serialize several objects inheriting from WebControl for database storage. These include several unecessary (to me) properties that I would prefer to omit from serialization. For example BackColor, BorderColor, etc. Here is an example of an XML serialization of one of my controls inheriting from WebControl. <Control xsi:type="SerializePanel"> <ID>grCont</ID> <Controls /> <BackColor /> <BorderColor /> <BorderWidth /> <CssClass>grActVid bwText</CssClass> <ForeColor /> <Height /> <Width /> ... </Control> I have been trying to create a common base class for my controls that inherits from WebControl and uses the "xxxSpecified" trick to selectively choose not to serialize certain properties. For example to ignore an empty BorderColor property, I'd expect [XmlIgnore] public bool BorderColorSpecified() { return !base.BorderColor.IsEmpty; } to work, but it's never called during serialization. I've also tried it in the class to be serialized as well as the base class. Since the classes themselves might change, I'd prefer not to have to create a custom serializer. Any ideas?

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• C++ class derivation and superconstructor confusion

  - by LukeN

  Hey, in a tutorial C++ code, I found this particular piece of confusion: PlasmaTutorial1::PlasmaTutorial1(QObject *parent, const QVariantList &args) : Plasma::Applet(parent, args), // <- Okay, Plasma = namespace, Applet = class m_svg(this), // <- A member function of class "Applet"? m_icon("document") // <- ditto? { m_svg.setImagePath("widgets/background"); // this will get us the standard applet background, for free! setBackgroundHints(DefaultBackground); resize(200, 200); } I'm not new to object oriented programming, so class derivation and super-classes are nothing complicated, but this syntax here got me confused. The header file defines the class like this: class PlasmaTutorial1 : public Plasma::Applet { Similar to above, namespace Plasma and class Applet. But what's the public doing there? I fear that I already know the concept but don't grasp the C++ syntax/way of doing it. In this question I picked up that these are called "superconstructors", at least that's what stuck in my memory, but I don't get this to the full extend. If we glance back at the first snippet, we see Constructor::Class(...) : NS::SuperClass(...), all fine 'till here. But what are m_svg(this), m_icon("document") doing there? Is this some kind of method to make these particular functions known to the derivated class? Is this part of C++ basics or more immediate? While I'm not completly lost in C++, I feel much more at home in C :) Most of the OOP I have done so far was done in D, Ruby or Python. For example in D I would just define class MyClass : MySuperClass, override what I needed to and call the super class' constructor if I'd need to.

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• what patern is layerd architechture in asp.net ?

  - by haansi

  Hi, I am a asp.net developer and don't know much about patterns and architecture. I will very thankful if you can please guide me here. In my web applications I use 4 layers. Web site project (having web forms + code behind cs files, user controls + code behind cs files, master pages + code behind cs files) CustomTypesLayer a class library (having custom types, enumerations, DTOs, constructers, get, set and validations) BusinessLogicLayer a class library (having all business logic, rules and all calls to DAL functions) DataAccessLayer a class library( having just classes communicating to database.) -My user interface just calls BusinessLogicLayer. BusinessLogicLayer do proecessign in it self and for data it calls DataAccessLayer funtions. -Web forms do not calls directly DAL. -CustomTypesLayer is shared by all layers. Please guide me is this approach a pattern ? I though it may be MVC or MVP but pages have there code behind files as well which are confusing me. If it is no patren is it near to some patren ? pleaes guide thanks

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• "Abstract static" method - how?

  - by polyglot

  There are already several SO questions on why there is not abstract static method/field as such, but I'm wondering about how one would go about implementing the following psuedo-code: class Animal { abstract static int getNumberOfLegs(); // not possible } class Chicken inherits Animal { static int getNumberOfLegs() { return 2; } class Dog inherits Animal { static int getNumberOfLegs() { return 4; } Here is the problem: Assuming that I want make sure that every class that inherits Animal to contain getNumberOfLegs() method (i.e. almost like an interface, except I do want the abstract class to implement several methods that are common to all child classes, hence pure interface does not work here). getNumberOfLegs() obviously should be a static method (assuming that in a perfect world we dont' have crippled chicken and dogs so getNumberOfLegs is not instance-dependent). Without an "abstract static" method/field, one can either leave the method out from Animal class, then there is the risk that some child class do not have that method. Or one can make getNumberOfLegs an instance method, but then one would have to instantiate a class to find out how many legs that animal has - even though it is not necessary. How do one usually go about implementing this situation?

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• error catching exception while System.out.print

  - by user1702633

  I have 2 classes, one that implements a double lookup( int i); and one where I use that lookup(int i) in solving a question, or in this case printing the lookup values. This case is for an array. So I read the exception documentation or google/textbook and come with the following code: public double lookup(int i) throws Exception { if( i > numItems) throw new Exception("out of bounds"); return items[i]; } and take it over to my class and try to print my set, where set is a name of the object type I define in the class above. public void print() { for (int i = 0; i < set.size() - 1; i++) { System.out.print(set.lookup(i) + ","); } System.out.print(set.lookup(set.size())); } I'm using two print()'s to avoid the last "," in the print, but am getting an unhandled exception Exception (my exception's name was Exception) I think I have to catch my exception in my print() but cannot find the correct formatting online. Do I have to write catch exception Exception? because that gives me a syntax error saying invalid type on catch. Sources like http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/exceptions/ are of little help to me, I'm can't seem to grasp what the text is telling me. I'm also having trouble finding sources with multiple examples where I can actually understand the coding in the examples. so could anybody give me a source/example for the above catch phrase and perhaps a decent source of examples for new Java programmers? my book is horrendous and I cannot seem to find an understandable example for the above catch phrase online.

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• Which options do I have for Java process communication?

  - by Dmitriy Matveev

  We have a place in a code of such form: void processParam(Object param) { wrapperForComplexNativeObject result = jniCallWhichMayCrash(param); processResult(result); } processParam - method which is called with many different arguments. jniCallWhichMayCrash - a native method which is intended to do some complex processing of it's parameter and to create some complex object. It can crash in some cases. wrapperForComplexNativeObject - wrapper type generated by SWIG processResult - a method written in pure Java which processes it's parameter by creation of several kinds (by the kinds I'm not meaning classes, maybe some like hierarchies) of objects: 1 - Some non-unique objects which are referencing each other (from the same hierarchy), these objects can have duplicates created from the invocations of processParam() method with different parameter values. Since it's costly to keep all the duplicates it's necessary to cache them. 2 - Some unique objects which are referencing each other (from the same hierarchy) and some of the objects of 1st kind. After processParam is executed for each of the arguments from some set the data created in processResult will be processed together. The problem is in fact that jniCallWhichMayCrash method may crash the entire JVM and this will be very bad. The reason of crash may be such that it can happen for one argument value and not for the other. We've decided that it's better to ignore crashes inside of JVM and just skip some chunks of data when such crashes occur. In order to do this we should run processParam function inside of separate process and pass the result somehow (HOW? HOW?! This is a question) to the main process and in case of any crashes we will only lose some part of data (It's ok) without lose of everything else. So for now the main problem is implementation of transport between different processes. Which options do I have? I can think about serialization and transmitting of binary data by the streams, but serialization may be not very fast due to object complexity. Maybe I have some other options of implementing this?

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• best web database solution for scala for a high traffic site?

  - by egervari

  I am in charge of a rebuilding a website that gets about 250,000 visitors a day. We'd like to use Scala, but it does not work very well with Spring (in some minor cases) and Hibernate (there is a major and very annoying mismatch here if you want to use scala collections, which we do). The application itself is going to have about 40-50 tables. Other than Hibernate, is there an ORM that works awesome with Scala and is as performant and reliable as Hibernate? Does it also have the same capabilities, or are we going to run into leaky-abstractions if we don't use Hibernate? It would be a big risk for us to go with a framework that is newer and doesn't seem to have a lot of industry backing... and at the same time, Hibernate is a real pain to program against when using Scala. 1) The Java Collection <- Scala Collection is absolutely painful. There is a lot more boilerplate and crap to write. 2) The IDE doesn't import JavaConversions and java interfaces automatically... so we this needs to be done manually. Optimizing Imports in IDEA is going to destroy all the manual work. 3) There is also a performance cost to converting back and forth all the time in your domain objects and your dao classes. 4) Not to mention there needs to be a lot of casting, which produces code ugly as sin. I actually would love to write my own orm that is 100% tailored to scala, but obviously this is really outside of the scope of our project for now. So what is the best approach?

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• Compare Properties automatically

  - by juergen d

  I want to get the names of all properties that changed for matching objects. I have these (simplified) classes: public enum PersonType { Student, Professor, Employee } class Person { public string Name { get; set; } public PersonType Type { get; set; } } class Student : Person { public string MatriculationNumber { get; set; } } class Subject { public string Name { get; set; } public int WeeklyHours { get; set; } } class Professor : Person { public List<Subject> Subjects { get; set; } } Now I want to get the objects where the Property values differ: List<Person> oldPersonList = ... List<Person> newPersonList = ... List<Difference> = GetDifferences(oldPersonList, newPersonList); public List<Difference> GetDifferences(List<Person> oldP, List<Person> newP) { //how to check the properties without casting and checking //for each type and individual property?? //can this be done with Reflection even in Lists?? } In the end I would like to have a list of Differences like this: class Difference { public List<string> ChangedProperties { get; set; } public Person NewPerson { get; set; } public Person OldPerson { get; set; } } The ChangedProperties should contain the name of the changed properties.

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• Speed comparison - Template specialization vs. Virtual Function vs. If-Statement

  - by Person

  Just to get it out of the way... Premature optimization is the root of all evil Make use of OOP etc. I understand. Just looking for some advice regarding the speed of certain operations that I can store in my grey matter for future reference. Say you have an Animation class. An animation can be looped (plays over and over) or not looped (plays once), it may have unique frame times or not, etc. Let's say there are 3 of these "either or" attributes. Note that any method of the Animation class will at most check for one of these (i.e. this isn't a case of a giant branch of if-elseif). Here are some options. 1) Give it boolean members for the attributes given above, and use an if statement to check against them when playing the animation to perform the appropriate action. Problem: Conditional checked every single time the animation is played. 2) Make a base animation class, and derive other animations classes such as LoopedAnimation and AnimationUniqueFrames, etc. Problem: Vtable check upon every call to play the animation given that you have something like a vector<Animation>. Also, making a separate class for all of the possible combinations seems code bloaty. 3) Use template specialization, and specialize those functions that depend on those attributes. Like template<bool looped, bool uniqueFrameTimes> class Animation. Problem: The problem with this is that you couldn't just have a vector<Animation> for something's animations. Could also be bloaty. I'm wondering what kind of speed each of these options offer? I'm particularly interested in the 1st and 2nd option because the 3rd doesn't allow one to iterate through a general container of Animations. In short, what is faster - a vtable fetch or a conditional?

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• What would be a better implementation of shared variable among subclass

  - by Churk

  So currently I have a spring unit testing application. And it requires me to get a session cookie from a foreign authentication source. Problem what that is, this authentication process is fairly expensive and time consuming, and I am trying to create a structure where I am authenticate once, by any subclass, and any subsequent subclass is created, it will reuse this session cookie without hitting the authentication process again. My problem right now is, the static cookie is null each time another subclass is created. And I been reading that using static as a global variable is a bad idea, but I couldn't think of another way to do this because of Spring framework setting things during run time and how I would set the cookie so that all other classes can use it. Another piece of information. The variable is being use, but is change able during run time. It is not a single user being signed in and used across the board. But more like a Sub1 would call login, and we have a cookie. Then multiple test will be using that login until SubX will come in and say, I am using different credential, so I need to login as something else. And repeats. Here is a outline of my code: public class Parent implements InitializingBean { protected static String BASE_URL; public static Cookie cookie; ... All default InitializingBean methods ... afterPropertiesSet() { cookie = // login process returns a cookie } } public class Sub1 extends Parent { @resource public String baseURL; @PostConstruct public void init() { // set parents with my baseURL; BASE_URL = baseURL; } public void doSomething() { // Do something with cookie, because it should have been set by parent class } } public class Sub2 extends Parent { @resource public String baseURL; @PostConstruct public void init() { // set parents with my baseURL; BASE_URL = baseURL; } public void doSomethingElse() { // Do something with cookie, because it should have been set by parent class } }

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• Unable to delete inherited entity class in EF4

  - by Coding Gorilla

  I have two entities in an EF4 model (using Model First), let's call them EntityA and EntityB. EntityA is marked as abstract, and EntityB inherits from EntityA. They are similar to the following: public class EntityA { public Guid Id; public string Name; public string Uri; } public class EntityB : EntityA { public string AnotherProperty; } The generated database tables look as I would expect them, with EntityA as on table, and then another table like: EntityA_EntityB Id (PK, FK, uniqueidentifier) AnotherProperty (varchar) There is a foreign key constraint on EntityA_EntityB that references EntityA's Id property, no cascades are configured (although I did try changing these myself). The problem is that when I attempt to do something like: Context.DeleteObject(EntityA_EntityB); EF attempts to delete the EntityA_EntityB table record before deleting the EntityA table record, which of course violates the foreign key constraint on EntityA_EntityB table. Using EFProfiler I see the following commands being sent to the database: delete [dbo].[EntityA_EntityB] where (([Id] = '5c02899f-09ea-2ed9-d44b-01aef80f6b64' /* @0 */) followed by delete [dbo].[EntityA] where ([Id] = '5c02899f-09ea-2ed9-d44b-01aef80f6b64' /* @0 */) I'm completely stumped as to how to get around this problem. I would think the EF should know that it needs to delete the base class first, before deleting the inherited class. I know I could do some triggers or other database type solutions, but I'd rather avoid doing that if I can. All my classes are POCO built using some customized T4 templates. I don't want to paste in a lot of extraneous code, but if you need more information I'll provide what I can.

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• c# Why can't open generic types be passed as parameters?

  - by Rich Oliver

  Why can't open generic types be passed as parameters. I frequently have classes like: public class Example<T> where T: BaseClass { public int a {get; set;} public List<T> mylist {get; set;} } Lets say BaseClass is as follows; public BaseClass { public int num; } I then want a method of say: public int MyArbitarySumMethod(Example example)//This won't compile Example not closed { int sum = 0; foreach(BaseClass i in example.myList)//myList being infered as an IEnumerable sum += i.num; sum = sum * example.a; return sum; } I then have to write an interface just to pass this one class as a parameter as follows: public interface IExample { public int a {get; set;} public IEnumerable<BaseClass> myIEnum {get;} } The generic class then has to be modified to: public class Example<T>: IExample where T: BaseClass { public int a {get; set;} public List<T> mylist {get; set;} public IEnumerable<BaseClass> myIEnum {get {return myList;} } } That's a lot of ceremony for what I would have thought the compiler could infer. Even if something can't be changed I find it psychologically very helpful if I know the reasons / justifications for the absence of Syntax short cuts.

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• What is the correct approach to using GWT with persistent objects?

  - by dankilman

  Hi, I am currently working on a simple web application through Google App engine using GWT. It should be noted that this is my first attempt at such a task. I have run into to following problem/dilema: I have a simple Class (getters/setters and nothing more. For the sake of clarity I will refer to this Class as DataHolder) and I want to make it persistent. To do so I have used JDO which required me to add some annotations and more specifically add a Key field to be used as the primary key. The problem is that using the Key class requires me to import com.google.appengine.api.datastore.Key which is ok on the server side, but then I can't use DataHolder on the client side, because GWT doesn't allow it (as far as I know). So I have created a sister Class ClientDataHolder which is almost identical, though it doesn't have all the JDO annotations nor the Key field. Now this actually works but It feels like I'm doing something wrong. Using this approach would require maintaining to separate classes for each entity I wish to have. So my question is: Is there a better way of doing this? Thank you.

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• In Java, is there a performance gain in using interfaces for complex models?

  - by Gnoupi

  The title is hardly understandable, but I'm not sure how to summarize that another way. Any edit to clarify is welcome. I have been told, and recommended to use interfaces to improve performances, even in a case which doesn't especially call for the regular "interface" role. In this case, the objects are big models (in a MVC meaning), with many methods and fields. The "good use" that has been recommended to me is to create an interface, with its unique implementation. There won't be any other class implementing this interface, for sure. I have been told that this is better to do so, because it "exposes less" (or something close) to the other classes which will use methods from this class, as these objects are referring to the object from its interface (all public methods from the implementation being reproduced in the interface). This seems quite strange to me, as it seems like a C++ use to me (with header files). There I see the point, but in Java? Is there really a point in making an interface for such unique implementation? I would really appreciate some clarifications on the topic, so I could justify not following such kind of behavior, and the hassle it creates from duplicating all declarations. Edit: Plenty of valid points in most answers, I'm wondering if I won't switch this question for a community wiki, so we can regroup these points in more structured answers.

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• C++, array declaration, templates, linker error

  - by justik

  There is a linker error in my SW. I am using the following structure based on h, hpp, cpp files. Some classes are templatized, some not, some have function templates. Declaration: test.h #ifndef TEST_H #define TEST_H class Test { public: template <typename T> void foo1(); void foo2 () }; #include "test.hpp" #endif Definition: test.hpp #ifndef TEST_HPP #define TEST_HPP template <typename T> void Test::foo1() {} inline void Test::foo2() {} //or in cpp file #endif CPP file: test.cpp #include "test.h" void Test::foo2() {} //or in hpp file as inline I have the following problem. The variable vars[] is declared in my h file test.h #ifndef TEST_H #define TEST_H char *vars[] = { "first", "second"...}; class Test { public: void foo(); }; #include "test.hpp" #endif and used as a local variable inside foo() method defined in hpp file as inline. test.hpp #ifndef TEST_HPP #define TEST_HPP inline void Test::foo() { char *var = vars[0]; //A Linker Error } #endif However, the following linker error occurs: Error 745 error LNK2005: "char * * vars" (?vars@@3PAPADA) already defined in test2.obj How and where to declare vars[] to avoid linker errors? After including #include "test.hpp" it is late to declare it...

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• Convert SVG to PDF

  - by Adrian Smith

  How would one go about converting a SVG file to a PDF programatically? (I need to alter the SVG in certain respects before generating the PDF so simply pre-converting it using a tool won't be sufficient.) Ideally using Java but Perl or PHP would be fine too. Obviously I am basically considering Apache FOP and Batik with Java. However no matter how long I search I cannot find a simple introduction on how to do it. Things like SVGConverter have descriptions like "Defines the interface for classes that are able to convert part or all of a GraphicContext", but I don't really know what that means. I have this feeling there must be an API to do this quite simply, provided by FOP or Batik, but I'm just not able to find it at the moment (or perhaps it really doesn't exist.) In terms of the supported SVG features I need, the file has some paths which are filled with some linear gradients. Ideally if I could pass the SVG in as a DOM Document that would be ideal; then I would load my template SVG file, change it as specified by the user, and then generate the PDF.

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• Is Domain Anaemia appropriate in a Service Oriented Architecture?

  - by Stimul8d

  I want to be clear on this. When I say domain anaemia, I mean intentional domain anaemia, not accidental. In a world where most of our business logic is hidden away behind a bunch of services, is a full domain model really necessary? This is the question I've had to ask myself recently since working on a project where the "domain" model is in reality a persistence model; none of the domain objects contain any methods and this is a very intentional decision. Initially, I shuddered when I saw a library full of what are essentially type-safe data containers but after some thought it struck me that this particular system doesn't do much but basic CRUD operations, so maybe in this case this is a good choice. My problem I guess is that my experience so far has been very much focussed on a rich domain model so it threw me a little. The remainder of the domain logic is hidden away in a group of helpers, facades and factories which live in a separate assembly. I'm keen to hear what people's thoughts are on this. Obviously, the considerations for reuse of these classes are much simpler but is really that great a benefit?

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• I have a bunch of template parameters that I want to hide from my users. How can I do this?

  - by Alex

  I have a superclass which is defined in terms of a few internal types it uses. Subclassing is performed as so: template <class InternalType1, class InternalType2> class Super { ... } class Sub : Super <interalTypeClass1, interalTypeClass2> { ... } But when I want to write a function that takes a pointer to the superclass, this happens : template <class InternalType1, class InternalType2> void function(Super<InternalType1, InternalType2>* in) { ... } The user really shouldn't know anything about the inside classes, and should really just concern himself with the use of the function. Some of these template lists become very very large, and expecting the user to pass them every time is wasteful, in my opinion. Any suggestions? EDIT: The function needs to know the internal types in use, so unless there is a way to access template types at compile time, I think there is no solution? Potential solution: Have each class do the following: #define SubTemplateArgs <SubTypeName, SubInternalType1, SubInternalType2> ?

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• C++ Eclipse error class mynamespace::mynamespace

  - by user2969329

  I'm new to C++, coming from a Java and web programming background. I specified a header file, with class definition. The class and the namespace have the same name. I do not know if that causes this issue, eclipse is very unspecific. Here is the World.h file: `/* * World.h * * Created on: 5 nov. 2013 * Author: Mo */ #ifndef WORLD_H_ #define WORLD_H_ #include "../../lib/tinyxml/tinyxml.h" #include "Layer.h" namespace World { class World { private: Layer layers[]; public: World(); virtual ~World(); TiXmlElement toXML(); }; } /* namespace World */ #endif /* WORLD_H_ */` The error occurs in the class definition. The only thing eclipse shows is: class World::World I have been googling for the last day and a half, and haven't found anything similar. In other classes, World is not seen as a type: "World" does not name a type. What have I done wrong? Help would be greatly appreciated.

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• C++ and Dependency Injection in unit testing

  - by lhumongous

  Suppose I have a C++ class like so: class A { public: A() { } void SetNewB( const B& _b ) { m_B = _b; } private: B m_B; } In order to unit test something like this, I would have to break A's dependency on B. Since class A holds onto an actual object and not a pointer, I would have to refactor this code to take a pointer. Additionally, I would need to create a parent interface class for B so I can pass in my own fake of B when I test SetNewB. In this case, doesn't unit testing with dependency injection further complicate the existing code? If I make B a pointer, I'm now introducing heap allocation, and some piece of code is now responsible for cleaning it up (unless I use ref counted pointers). Additionally, if B is a rather trivial class with only a couple of member variables and functions, why introduce a whole new interface for it instead of just testing with an instance of B? I suppose you could make the argument that it would be easier to refactor A by using an interface. But are there some cases where two classes might need to be tightly coupled?

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• Creating simple calculator with bison & flex in C++ (not C)

  - by ak91

  Hey, I would like to create simple C++ calculator using bison and flex. Please note I'm new to the creating parsers. I already found few examples in bison/flex but they were all written in C. My goal is to create C++ code, where classes would contain nodes of values, operations, funcs - to create AST (evaluation would be done just after creating whole AST - starting from the root and going forward). For example: my_var = sqrt(9 ** 2 - 32) + 4 - 20 / 5 my_var * 3 Would be parsed as: = / \ my_var + / \ sqrt - | / \ - 4 / / \ / \ ** 32 20 5 / \ 9 2 and the second AST would look like: * / \ my_var 3 Then following pseudocode reflects AST: ast_root = create_node('=', new_variable("my_var"), exp) where exp is: exp = create_node(OPERATOR, val1, val2) but NOT like this: $$ = $1 OPERATOR $3 because this way I directly get value of operation instead of creation the Node. I believe the Node should contain type (of operation), val1 (Node), val2 (Node). In some cases val2 would be NULL, like above mentioned sqrt which takes in the end one argument. Right? It will be nice if you can propose me C++ skeleton (without evaluation) for above described problem (including *.y file creating AST) to help me understand the way of creating/holding Nodes in AST. Code can be snipped, just to let me get the idea. I'll also be grateful if you point me to an existing (possibly simple) example if you know any. Thank you all for your time and assistance!

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• How do I use the Enum value from a class in another part of code?

  - by ChiggenWingz

  Coming from a C# background from a night course at a local college, I've sort of started my way in C++. Having a lot pain getting use to the syntax. I'm also still very green when it comes to coding techniques. From my WinMain function, I want to be able to access a variable which is using an enum I declared in another class. (inside core.h) class Core { public: enum GAME_MODE { INIT, MENUS, GAMEPLAY }; GAME_MODE gameMode; Core(); ~Core(); ...OtherFunctions(); }; (inside main.cpp) Core core; int WINAPI WinMain(...) { ... startup code here... core.gameMode = Core.GAME_MODE.INIT; ...etc... } Basically I want to set that gameMode to the enum value of Init or something like that from my WinMain function. I want to also be able to read it from other areas. I get the error... expected primary-expression before '.' token If I try to use core.gameMode = Core::GAME_MODE.INIT;, then I get the same error. I'm not fussed about best practices, as I'm just trying to get the basic understanding of passing around variables in C++ between files. I'll be making sure variables are protected and neatly tucked away later on once I am use to the flexibility of the syntax. If I remember correctly, C# allowed me to use Enums from other classes, and all I had to do was something like Core.ENUMNAME.ENUMVALUE. I hope what I'm wanting to do is clear :\ As I have no idea what a lot of the correct terminology is.

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• How should I handle header files in a bundle?

  - by ldiqual

  I want to develop a program that relies on plugins (here: loadable bundles) to work. Multiple plugins are asked to use the same AFNetworking ressource to make network requests. However, I don't know where to put AFNetworking and CustomPluginProtocol headers. Here is how my program structure looks like for now: MyApp.xcodeproj - AFNetworking - Header.h - Plugins - Plugin1.xcodeproj - PrincipalClass.m - Plugin2.xcodeproj - PrincipalClass.m - Classes - CustomPluginProtocol.h - MainClass.m Of course, every principalClass from PluginN complies to the CustomPluginProtocol. Do the headers have to be copied in each bundle ? Can I just include the main program AFNetworking headers from my plugins ? If so (and that's what I do for now), I don't have any completion. How can I get it ? Edit Ok, so maybe I wasn't clear in my question. I want my plugins to use sources from the main application, let's say CommonClass.m and CommonClass.h. Do the plugins need CommonClass.h in their bundle, and if not, how do I enable completion when I'm in the plugin scope ?

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