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  • Can You Have "Empty" Abstract/Classes?

    - by ShrimpCrackers
    Of course you can, I'm just wondering if it's rational to design in such a way. I'm making a breakout clone and was doing some class design. I wanted to use inheritance, even though I don't have to, to apply what I've learned in C++. I was thinking about class design and came up with something like this: GameObject - base class (consists of data members like x and y offsets, and a vector of SDL_Surface* MovableObject : GameObject - abstract class + derived class of GameObject (one method void move() = 0; ) NonMovableObject : GameObject - empty class...no methods or data members other than constructor and destructor(at least for now?). Later I was planning to derive a class from NonMovableObject, like Tileset : NonMovableObject. I was just wondering if "empty" abstract classes or just empty classes are often used...I notice that the way I'm doing this, I'm just creating the class NonMovableObject just for sake of categorization. I know I'm overthinking things just to make a breakout clone, but my focus is less on the game and more on using inheritance and designing some sort of game framework.

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  • BIP and Mapviewer Mash Up I

    - by Tim Dexter
    I was out in Yellowstone last week soaking up various wildlife and a bit too much rain ... good to be back until the 95F heat yesterday. Taking a little break from the Excel templates; the dev folks are planing an Excel patch in the next week or so that will add a mass of new functionality. At the risk of completely mis leading you I'm going to hang back a while. What I have written so far holds true and will continue to do so. This week, I have been mostly eating 'mapviewer' ... answers on a post card please, TV show and character. I had a request to show how BIP can call mapviewer and render a dynamic map in an output. So I hit the books and colleagues for some answers. Mapviewer is Oracle's geographic information system, hereby known as GIS. I use it a lot in our BIEE demos where the interaction with the maps is very impressive. Need a map of California and its congressional districts? I have contacts; Jerry and David with their little black box of maps. Once in my possession I can build highly interactive, clickable maps that allow the user to drill into more information using a very friendly interface driving BIEE content and navigation. But what about maps in BIP output? Bryan Wise, who has written some articles on this blog did some work a while back with the PL/SQL API interface. The extract for the report called a function that in turn called the mapviewer server, passing a set of mapping requirements, it then returned a URL to a cached copy of that map. Easy to then have BIP render that image. Thats still very doable. You need to install a couple of packages and then load the mapviewer java APIs into the database. Then you can write your function to the APIs. A little involved? Maybe, but the database is doing all the heavy lifting for you. I thought I would investigate another method for getting the maps back into BIP. There is a URL interface you can call, this involves building an XML message to be passed to the mapviewer server. It's pretty straightforward to use on the mapviewer side. On the BIP side things are little more tricksy. After some unexpected messing about I finally got the ubiquitous Hello World map to render using the URL method. Not the most exciting map in the world, lots of ocean and a rather long URL to get it to render. http://127.0.0.1:9704/mapviewer/omserver?xml_request=%3Cmap_request%20title=%22Hello%20World%22%20datasource=%22cagis%22%20format=%22GIF_STREAM%22/%3E Notice all of the encoding in the URL string to handle the spaces, quotes, etc. All necessary to get BIP to make the call to the mapviewer server correctly without truncating the URL if it hits a real space rather than a %20. With that in mind constructing the URL was pretty simple. I'm not going to get into the content of the URL too much, for that you need to bone up on the mapviewer XML API. Check out the home page here and the documentation here. To make the template portable I used the standard CURRENT_SERVER_URL parameter from the BIP server and declared that in my template. <?param@begin:CURRENT_SERVER_URL;'myserver'?> Ignore the 'myserver', that was just a dummy value for testing at runtime it will resolve to: 'http://yourserver:port/xmlpserver' Not quite what we need as mapviewer has its own server path, in my case I needed 'mapviewer/omserver?xml_request=' as the fixed path to the mapviewer request URL. A little concatenation and substringing later I came up with <?param@begin:mURL;concat(substring($CURRENT_SERVER_URL,1,22),'mapviewer/omserver?xml_request=')?> Thats the basic URL that I can then build on. To get the Hello World map I need to add the following: <map_request title="Hello World" datasource="cagis" format="GIF_STREAM"/> Those angle brackets were the source of my headache, BIPs XSLT engine was attempting to process them rather than just pass them. Hok Min to the rescue ... again. I owe him lunch when I get out to HQ again! To solve the problem, I needed to escape all the characters and white space and then use native XSL to assign the string to a parameter. <xsl:param xdofo:ctx="begin"name="pXML">%3Cmap_request%20title=%22Hello%20World%22 %20datasource=%22cagis%22%20format=%22GIF_STREAM%22/%3E</xsl:param> I did not need to assign it to a parameter but I felt that if I were going to do anything more serious than Hello World like plotting points of interest on the map. I would need to dynamically build the URL, so using a set of parameters or variables that I then concatenated would be easier. Now I had the initial server string and the request all I then did was combine the two using a concat: concat($mURL,$pXML) Embedding that into an image tag: <fo:external-graphic src="url({concat($mURL,$pXML)})"/> and I was done. Notice the curly braces to get the concat evaluated prior to the image call. As you will see next time, building the XML message to go onto the URL can get quite complex but I have used it with some data. Ultimately, it would be easier to build an extension to BIP to handle the data to be plotted, it would then build the XML message, call mapviewer and return a URL to the map image for BIP to render. More on that next time ...

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  • Having Fun with Roughriders

    - by D'Arcy Lussier
    So I’m in Regina for a conference, and I happen to notice that some RoughRiders (Weston Dressler, Wes Cates, and Marcus Adams) are going to be signing autographs at the local SaskTel store on Thursday. So a plan gets hatched, and I call my buddy Mike who hasn’t left Winnipeg yet and have him pick up my Alouette jersey from home. My buddy Dylan who was here too happened to bring his Bomber jersey. And so we set off on our adventure: to get three Saskatchewan Roughrider players to autograph a calculator (cause, y’know…tough counting to 13 and all). Below is the footage. And continued… And here’s the autographed calculator: Thanks for being good sports guys! D Technorati Tags: CFL,Roughriders,Alouettes

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  • How do I consistently re-size my game window and elements?

    - by Milo
    In my 2D game, I have a flow layout. Inside the flow layout are tables. I have a slider that lets the user make the tables larger or smaller. This makes the background larger or smaller too. Everything should scale proportionally which means the background should stay at the same position when I make things larger, and it almost does. When the scrollbar is at 0, it does exactly this. As the scrollbar gets further down problems arise. I'll toggle the slider maybe 3 times and on the fourth time, the background jumps a little lower on the Y axis. In order to be efficient, I only start rendering the background near the parent of the flow layout. Here it is: void LobbyTableManager::renderBG( GraphicsContext* g, agui::Rectangle& absRect, agui::Rectangle& childRect ) { int cx, cy, cw, ch; g->getClippingRect(cx,cy,cw,ch); g->setClippingRect(absRect.getX(),absRect.getY(),absRect.getWidth(),absRect.getHeight()); float scale = 0.35f; int w = m_bgSprite->getWidth() * getTableScale() * scale; int h = m_bgSprite->getHeight() * getTableScale() * scale; int numX = ceil(absRect.getWidth() / (float)w) + 2; int numY = ceil(absRect.getHeight() / (float)h) + 2; float offsetX = m_activeTables[0]->getLocation().getX() - w; float offsetY = m_activeTables[0]->getLocation().getY() - h; int startY = childRect.getY(); if(moo) { std::cout << "S=" << startY << ","; } int numAttempts = 0; while(startY + h < absRect.getY() && numAttempts < 1000) { startY += h; if(moo) { std::cout << startY << ","; } numAttempts++; } if(moo) { std::cout << "\n"; moo = false; } g->holdDrawing(); for(int i = 0; i < numX; ++i) { for(int j = 0; j < numY; ++j) { g->drawScaledSprite(m_bgSprite,0,0,m_bgSprite->getWidth(),m_bgSprite->getHeight(), absRect.getX() + (i * w) + (offsetX),absRect.getY() + (j * h) + startY,w,h,0); } } g->unholdDrawing(); g->setClippingRect(cx,cy,cw,ch); } The numeric problem seems to be in the value of startY. I outputted startY figuring out its value: As you can see here, this is me only zooming in, pay attention to the final number before the next s=. You'll notice that, what should happen is, the numbers should be linear, ex: -40, -38, -36, -34, -32, -30, etc. As you'll notice, the start numbers linearly correlate ex: 62k, 64k, 66k, 68k, 70k etc.. but the end result is wrong every third or 4th time. Here is most of the resize code: void LobbyTableManager::setTableScale( float scale ) { scale += 0.3f; scale *= 2.0f; agui::Gui* gotGui = getGui(); float scrollRel = m_vScroll->getRelativeValue(); setScale(scale); rescaleTables(); resizeFlow(); if(gotGui) { gotGui->toggleWidgetLocationChanged(false); } updateScrollBars(); float newVal = scrollRel * m_vScroll->getMaxValue(); if((int)(newVal + 0.5f) > (int)newVal) { newVal++; } m_vScroll->setValue(newVal); static int x = 0; x++; moo = true; //std::cout << m_vScroll->getValue() << std::endl; if(gotGui) { gotGui->toggleWidgetLocationChanged(true); } if(gotGui) { gotGui->_widgetLocationChanged(); } } void LobbyTableManager::valueChanged( agui::VScrollBar* source,int val ) { if(getGui()) { getGui()->toggleWidgetLocationChanged(false); } m_flow->setLocation(0,-val); if(getGui()) { getGui()->toggleWidgetLocationChanged(true); getGui()->_widgetLocationChanged(); } }

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  • Evil Spam Emails caused hosting account suspension!

    - by Sei
    We have a couple domains hosted rackservers.com.au. Recently our account go suspended without any notice. I then filed a ticket and soon got the answer:'There are some one forging email accounts from your domain, and they have been sending out spam emails. So we do not want you here anymore, take your backup and go.' I am quite shocked by such attitude and more confused by the actions we should take under such situation. Should I take my back up and go? Should I ask them for more details? How can I prevent this from happening again in the future?

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  • In MATLAB, how can 'preallocating' cell arrays improve performance?

    - by Alex McMurray
    I was reading this article on MathWorks about improving MATLAB performance and you will notice that one of the first suggestions is to preallocate arrays, which makes sense. But it also says that preallocating Cell arrays (that is arrays which may contain different, unknown datatypes) will improve performance. But how will doing so improve performance because the datatypes are unknown so it doesn't know how much contiguous memory it will require even if it knows the shape of the cell array, and therefore it can't preallocate the memory surely? So how does this result in any improvement in performance? I apologise if this question is better suited for StackOverflow than Programmers but it isn't asking about a specific problem so I thought it fit better here, please let me know if I am mistaken though. Any explanation would be greatly appreciated :)

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  • Stand-Up Desk 2012 Update

    - by BuckWoody
    One of the more popular topics here on my technical blog doesn't have to do with technology, per-se - it's about the choice I made to go to a stand-up desk work environment. If you're interested in the history of those, check here: Stand-Up Desk Part One Stand-Up Desk Part Two I have made some changes and I was asked to post those here.Yes, I'm still standing - I think the experiment has worked well, so I'm continuing to work this way. I've become so used to it that I notice when I sit for a long time. If I'm flying, or driving a long way, or have long meetings, I take breaks to stand up and move around. That being said, I don't stand as much as I did. I started out by standing the entire day - which did not end well. As you can read in my second post, I found that sitting down for a few minutes each hour worked out much better. And over time I would say that I now stand about 70-80% of the day, depending on the day. Some days I don't even notice I'm standing, so I don't sit as often. Other days I find that I really tire quickly - so I sit more often. But in both cases, I stand more than I sit. In the first post you can read about how I used a simple coffee-table from Ikea to elevate my desktop to the right height. I then adjusted the height where I stand by using a small plastic square and some carpet. Over time I found this did not work as well as I'd like. The primary reason is that the front of these are at the same depth - so my knees would hit the desk or table when I sat down. Also, the desk was at a certain height, and I had to adjust, rather than the other way around.  Also, I like a lot of surface area on top of a desk - almost more of a table. Routing cables and wiring was a pain, and of course moving it was out of the question.   So I've changed what I use. I found a perfect solution for what I was looking for - industrial wire shelving: I bought one, built only half of it (for the right height I wanted) and arranged the shelves the way I wanted. I then got a 5'x4' piece of wood from Lowes, and mounted it to where the top was balanced, but had an over-hang  I could get my knees under easily.My wife sewed a piece of fake-leather for the top. This arrangement provides the following benefits: Very strong Rolls easily, wheels can lock to prevent rolling Long, wide shelves Wire-frame allows me to route any kind of wiring and other things all over the desk I plugged in my UPS and ran it's longer power-cable to the wall outlet. I then ran the router's LAN connection along that wire, and covered both with a large insulation sleeve. I then plugged in everything to the UPS, and routed all the wiring. I can now roll the desk almost anywhere in the room so that I can record, look out the window, get closer to or farther away from the door and more. I put a few boxes on the shelves as "drawers" and tidied that part up. Even my printer fits on a shelf. Laser-dog not included - some assembly required In the second post you can read about the bar-stool I purchased from Target for the desk. I cheaped-out on this one, and it proved to be a bad choice. Because I had to raise it so high, and was constantly sitting on it and then standing up, the gas-cylinder in it just gave out. So it became a very short stool that I ended up getting rid of. In the end, this one from Ikea proved to be a better choice: And so this arrangement is working out perfectly. I'm finding myself VERY productive this way. I hope these posts help you if you decide to try working at a stand-up desk. Although I was skeptical at first, I've found it to be a very healthy, easy way to code, design and especially present over a web-cam. It's natural to stand to speak when you're presenting, and it feels more energetic than sitting down to talk to others.

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  • Change permission for ALL folders and files

    - by Xweque
    I've been around Ubuntu for not too long now and I'm getting tired of a thing I used to accept. When I installed Apache and PHP on Ubuntu it was done with root meaning it got permission. So I changed that to me. Now I've just copied a big number of files, (PHP), to be viewed and edited in these directories. Now my problem: I can not view the files from var/www/ because it requires, for some reason, everyone to have access to the files. Not only me, or my group but everyone. No one else is using the computer but me, so I'm cool with it. Though I need a command to change ALL files permission recursively. When I've browsed the questions already been answered I find for example chown -R viktor:viktor /var/www/, or using sudo as well. This worked on the single var/www and the folders inside but not the files inside the folders and very odd I notice I can't do the same thing on example /var/www/dev/.

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  • Tuning Red Gate: #2 of Many

    - by Grant Fritchey
    In the last installment, I used the SQL Monitor tool to get a snapshot view of the current state of the servers at Red Gate that are giving us trouble. That snapshot suggested some areas where I should focus some time, primarily in which queries were being called most frequently or were running the longest. But, you don't want to just run off & start tuning queries. Remember, the foundation for query tuning is the server itself. So, I want to be sure I'm not looking at some major hardware or configuration issues that I need to address first. Rather than look at the current status of the server, I'm going to look at historical data. Clicking on the Analysis tab of SQL Monitor I get a whole list of counters that I can look at. More importantly, I can look at them over a period of time. Even more importantly, I can compare past periods with current periods to see if we're looking at a progressive issue or not. There are counters here that will give me an indication of load, and there are counters here that will tell me specifics about that load. First, I want to just look at the load to understand where the pain points might be. Trying to drill down before you have detailed information is just bad planning. First thing I'm going to check is the CPU, just to see what's up there. I have two servers I'm interested in, so I'll show you both: Looking at the last 30 days for both servers, well, let's just say that the first server is about what I would expect. It has an average baseline behavior with occasional, regular, peaks. This looks like a system with a fairly steady & predictable load that probably has a nightly batch process that spikes the processor. In short, normal stuff. The points there where the CPU drops radically. that might be worth investigating further because something changed the processing on this system a lot. But the first server. It's all over the place. There's no steady CPU behavior at all. It's spike high for long periods of time. It's up, it's down. I'm really going to have to spend time looking at CPU issues on this server to try to figure out what's up. It might be other processes being shared on the server, it might be something else. Either way, I'm going to have to spend time evaluating this CPU, especially those peeks about a week ago. Looking at the Pages/sec, again, just a measure of load, I see that there are some peaks on the rg-sql02 server, but over all, it looks like a fairly standard load. Plus, the peaks are only up to 550 pages/sec. Remember, this isn't a performance measure, but just a load measurement, but from this, I don't think we're looking at major memory issues, but I may want to correlate these counters with the CPU counters. Again, the other server looks like there's stuff going on. The load is not at all consistent. In fact there was a point earlier in the year that looks pretty severe. Plus the spikes here are twice the size of the other system. We've got a lot more load going on here and I will probably need to drill down on memory usage on this server. Taking a look at the disk transfers/sec the load on both systems seems to roughly correspond to the other load indicators. Notice that drop right in the middle of the graph for rg-sql02. I wonder if the office was closed over that period or a system was down for maintenance. If I saw spikes in memory or disk that corresponded to the drip in CPU, you can assume something was using those other resources and causing a drop, but when everything goes down, it just means that the system isn't gettting used. The disk on the rg-sql01 system isn't spiking exactly the same way as the memory & cpu, so there's a good chance (chance mind you) that any performance issues might not be disk related. However, notice that huge jump at the beginning of the month. Several disks were used more than they were for the rest of the month. That's the load on the server. What about the load on SQL Server itself? Next time.

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  • Does UX matter for enterprise software?

    - by Ryan
    I've come to notice that a lot of software that companies use for managing things like time, expenses, setting up phone systems, etc is very non-intuitive from a user experience point of view. I know personally I waste a lot of time just trying to figure out how to navigate these systems, especially if I don't have a co-worker close by who I can bug to help me out. The help files are usually just as bad as the user interface itself. Are companies that complacent or are there just not any comparable enterprise products out there which do the job for these sorts of tasks? It seems that on the consumer side there is plenty of market opportunity for creating better user experiences, but how about for enterprise software? Obviously a certain level of slickness is not going to matter to a company, but when a better UX design translates to time saved, it's hard to argue against that. Edit: I'm not referring to in-house applications, but rather off the shelf systems from large software companies.

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  • What kind of steering behaviour or logic can I use to get mobiles to surround another?

    - by Vaughan Hilts
    I'm using path finding in my game to lead a mob to another player (to pursue them). This works to get them overtop of the player, but I want them to stop slightly before their destination (so picking the penultimate node works fine). However, when multiple mobs are pursuing the mobile they sometimes "stack on top of each other". What's the best way to avoid this? I don't want to treat the mobs as opaque and blocked (because they're not, you can walk through them) but I want the mobs to have some sense of structure. Example: Imagine that each snake guided itself to me and should surround "Setsuna". Notice how both snakes have chosen to prong me? This is not a strict requirement; even being slightly offset is okay. But they should "surround" Setsuna.

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  • Fix for EF4 Profiler Issue Coming in next Cumulative Update

    - by Ajarn Mark Caldwell
    Hey!  What do you know?  Microsoft Connect really works! I was very happy this morning to open my email and find a notice from Umachandar on the SQL Programmability Team that they have created a fix for the Odd Profiler Results with EF4 issue that I wrote about last June.  Not only did I blog about it, but I logged an item to Connect with repro steps and sample code.  And now, they have announced that they have a fix for this problem and that it will be included in the next Cumulative Update for SQL Server 2008 R2. For those of you not running 2008 R2, or who prefer to wait for full Service Packs rather than install the latest Cumulative Updates, I also wrote about a workaround for the issue, as long as you do not require the Multiple Active Result Sets feature to be enabled. It is easy with Microsoft to get the feeling that you’re just shouting in the wind, and it is nice to get validation once in a while that they really are listening.

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  • REPLACENULL in SSIS 2012

    - by Davide Mauri
    While preparing my slides e demos for the forthcoming SQL Server Conference 2012 in Italy, I’ve come across a nice addition to DTS Expression language which I never noticed before and that seems unknown also to the blogosphere: REPLACENULL. REPLACENULL is the same of ISNULL in T-SQL. It’s *very* useful especially when loading a fact table of your BI solution when you need to replace unexisting reference to dimension with dummy values. Here’s an example of how it can be used (please notice that in this example I’m NOT loading a fact table): I’ve noticed that the feature was requested by fellow MVP John Welch http://connect.microsoft.com/SQLServer/feedback/details/636057/ssis-add-a-replacenull-function-to-the-expression-language So: Thanks John and Thanks SSIS Team ! Ah, btw, the Help online is here http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh479601(v=sql.110).aspx Enjoy!

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  • Best Practice for Images in Facebook Pages

    - by BFTrick
    Hello I am looking for best practices when it comes to uploading images on facebook fan pages. I notice on Dell, US Cellular, and the Gap that they load all of their images on one of their web servers. Are there any alternatives? I was hoping for something like being able to upload photos and then hide the gallery. But I couldn't find anything like that. The reason that I ask is that I have access to someone's facebook fan page but not to their webserver so it would be extra work to email someone who does have access the photos and have them upload them to their web server.

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  • Fan control on Acer Aspire One D255 netbook

    - by AdamB
    I have Ubuntu netbook edition on my Acer Aspire One D255 netbook and I notice that I always hear the fan working at 100% despite the actual temperature. I run the sensors command its only at 13c, theres no reason why the fan needs to be running this hard at that temp. root@adam-netbook:~# sensors acpitz-virtual-0 Adapter: Virtual device temp1: +13.0°C (crit = +100.0°C) I'm guessing I may need some drivers in order to interact with the fan? Does anyone have any experience with this? It also seems that "sensors" may not be all that accurate, the temperature never seems to fluctuate.

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  • How should one refer to their social network profiles in prints?

    - by Omne
    In case a person has many different social network profiles, what is the proper way of referring to those profiles in a work that is meant to be printed or may be viewed as an image? For example one owns the username "CoolCompany" on Facebook, Twitter, Google+ and other websites. Should they provide a URL for each profile? for example: Facebook.com/CoolCompany Twitter.com/CoolCompany ... I often notice that in videos or on TV people may only use the logos but I believe it is not very useful, specially in case that the audience are unfamiliar with a social network... Is it acceptable to provide the logos or names of the networks and mention the username only once like this: Facebook & Twitter: @CoolCompany Or Facebook & Twitter: /CoolCompany

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  • HTML Lang ISO Code

    - by jsmoove88
    I have a multi-language site for English and Chinese (Hong Kong). My previous setting for Chinese Hong Kong (zh-hk) had: <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" dir="ltr" lang="zh-hk" xml:lang="zh-hk"> Shortly, I began to notice browser with other Chinese language sub-codes like zh-tw and zh-cn were seeing my English site in search engines instead of Chinese Hong Kong (zh-hk), which makes sense. I want to change my html lang to: <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" dir="ltr" lang="zh" xml:lang="zh"> Would this cover all Chinese language settings? Also, would Google prefer to show pages that match language subcodes of the browser/country (zh-hk for Hong Kong, zh-cn for Taiwan) than a general language code (zh)?

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  • Best practices when loading images for improving page loading speed

    - by Naoise Golden
    I am working on optimizing a page's loading speed. Here are some analytics: Notice how the images, although only accounting for 65% of the total size (1.1MB), are by far the slowest loading assets: 96% of time. I'd like to know which are the recommended practices on optimizing loading speed, only taking images into account. Some of the techniques we are already applying: image compression images hosted on cookieless domain and CDN spriting everything that can be sprited http headers: keep alive and Expires to one year. Disclaimer: I have gone through the available documentation, I think by focusing on image loading optimization I am not creating a duplicate or a subjective question.

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  • Conditional formatting of duplicate values in Excel

    - by jamiet
    One of the infrequent pleasures of being a data geek like me is that one does occasionally stumble across little-known yet incredibly useful features in a tool that you use day-in, day-out. Today this happened to me and the feature is Excel’s ability to highlight dupicate rows in a worksheet. Check this out: Notice that I have got some data in my worksheet that contains duplicated values and simply by selecting Conditional Formatting->Highlight Cells Rules->Duplicate Values… Excel will highlight (shown here in red) which rows are duplicated. It seem such a simple thing but when you’re working on a data integration project and the data that is being sent is of, well, let’s say dubious quality features like this are worth their weight in gold. I tweeted about this and it happened to catch a few people’s attention so I figured it might be worth blogging too. Note that I am using Excel 2013 but I happen to know that the feature exists in Excel 2010 and possibly in earlier versions too. Have a great weekend! @Jamiet

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  • Why enumerator structs are a really bad idea

    - by Simon Cooper
    If you've ever poked around the .NET class libraries in Reflector, I'm sure you would have noticed that the generic collection classes all have implementations of their IEnumerator as a struct rather than a class. As you will see, this design decision has some rather unfortunate side effects... As is generally known in the .NET world, mutable structs are a Very Bad Idea; and there are several other blogs around explaining this (Eric Lippert's blog post explains the problem quite well). In the BCL, the generic collection enumerators are all mutable structs, as they need to keep track of where they are in the collection. This bit me quite hard when I was coding a wrapper around a LinkedList<int>.Enumerator. It boils down to this code: sealed class EnumeratorWrapper : IEnumerator<int> { private readonly LinkedList<int>.Enumerator m_Enumerator; public EnumeratorWrapper(LinkedList<int> linkedList) { m_Enumerator = linkedList.GetEnumerator(); } public int Current { get { return m_Enumerator.Current; } } object System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current { get { return Current; } } public bool MoveNext() { return m_Enumerator.MoveNext(); } public void Reset() { ((System.Collections.IEnumerator)m_Enumerator).Reset(); } public void Dispose() { m_Enumerator.Dispose(); } } The key line here is the MoveNext method. When I initially coded this, I thought that the call to m_Enumerator.MoveNext() would alter the enumerator state in the m_Enumerator class variable and so the enumeration would proceed in an orderly fashion through the collection. However, when I ran this code it went into an infinite loop - the m_Enumerator.MoveNext() call wasn't actually changing the state in the m_Enumerator variable at all, and my code was looping forever on the first collection element. It was only after disassembling that method that I found out what was going on The MoveNext method above results in the following IL: .method public hidebysig newslot virtual final instance bool MoveNext() cil managed { .maxstack 1 .locals init ( [0] bool CS$1$0000, [1] valuetype [System]System.Collections.Generic.LinkedList`1/Enumerator CS$0$0001) L_0000: nop L_0001: ldarg.0 L_0002: ldfld valuetype [System]System.Collections.Generic.LinkedList`1/Enumerator EnumeratorWrapper::m_Enumerator L_0007: stloc.1 L_0008: ldloca.s CS$0$0001 L_000a: call instance bool [System]System.Collections.Generic.LinkedList`1/Enumerator::MoveNext() L_000f: stloc.0 L_0010: br.s L_0012 L_0012: ldloc.0 L_0013: ret } Here, the important line is 0002 - m_Enumerator is accessed using the ldfld operator, which does the following: Finds the value of a field in the object whose reference is currently on the evaluation stack. So, what the MoveNext method is doing is the following: public bool MoveNext() { LinkedList<int>.Enumerator CS$0$0001 = this.m_Enumerator; bool CS$1$0000 = CS$0$0001.MoveNext(); return CS$1$0000; } The enumerator instance being modified by the call to MoveNext is the one stored in the CS$0$0001 variable on the stack, and not the one in the EnumeratorWrapper class instance. Hence why the state of m_Enumerator wasn't getting updated. Hmm, ok. Well, why is it doing this? If you have a read of Eric Lippert's blog post about this issue, you'll notice he quotes a few sections of the C# spec. In particular, 7.5.4: ...if the field is readonly and the reference occurs outside an instance constructor of the class in which the field is declared, then the result is a value, namely the value of the field I in the object referenced by E. And my m_Enumerator field is readonly! Indeed, if I remove the readonly from the class variable then the problem goes away, and the code works as expected. The IL confirms this: .method public hidebysig newslot virtual final instance bool MoveNext() cil managed { .maxstack 1 .locals init ( [0] bool CS$1$0000) L_0000: nop L_0001: ldarg.0 L_0002: ldflda valuetype [System]System.Collections.Generic.LinkedList`1/Enumerator EnumeratorWrapper::m_Enumerator L_0007: call instance bool [System]System.Collections.Generic.LinkedList`1/Enumerator::MoveNext() L_000c: stloc.0 L_000d: br.s L_000f L_000f: ldloc.0 L_0010: ret } Notice on line 0002, instead of the ldfld we had before, we've got a ldflda, which does this: Finds the address of a field in the object whose reference is currently on the evaluation stack. Instead of loading the value, we're loading the address of the m_Enumerator field. So now the call to MoveNext modifies the enumerator stored in the class rather than on the stack, and everything works as expected. Previously, I had thought enumerator structs were an odd but interesting feature of the BCL that I had used in the past to do linked list slices. However, effects like this only underline how dangerous mutable structs are, and I'm at a loss to explain why the enumerators were implemented as structs in the first place. (interestingly, the SortedList<TKey, TValue> enumerator is a struct but is private, which makes it even more odd - the only way it can be accessed is as a boxed IEnumerator!). I would love to hear people's theories as to why the enumerators are implemented in such a fashion. And bonus points if you can explain why LinkedList<int>.Enumerator.Reset is an explicit implementation but Dispose is implicit... Note to self: never ever ever code a mutable struct.

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  • How to recover a website's lost robot.txt?

    - by Jessica
    I found my website in the Wayback Machine a few months ago, but today I've tried again and now it tells me it can't find robots.txt. My old webhost stopped paying for their servers back in August without any notice. I was going to do a backup the day it happened. Is there a way just to find the text? I have the old IP, images, but nothing else. None of the big search engines have caches anymore, and I already looked in the cache of three of my Macs with nothing to be found.

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  • Mobile 3D engine renders alpha as full-object transparency

    - by Nils Munch
    I am running a iOS project using the isgl3d framework for showing pod files. I have a stylish car with 0.5 alpha windows, that I wish to render on a camera background, seeking some augmented reality goodness. The alpha on the windows looks okay, but when I add the object, I notice that it renders the entire object transparently, where the windows are. Including interior of the car. Like so (in example, keyboard can be seen through the dashboard, seats and so on. should be solid) The car interior is a seperate object with alpha 1.0. I would rather not show a "ghost car" in my project, but I haven't found a way around this. Have anyone encountered the same issue, and eventually reached a solution ?

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  • iPad Discussion

    - by Dave Campbell
    I had reason to meet up with someone I don't see very often a bit ago. In the course of the conversation, he told me he bought an iPad. I don't know if I was expected to ooh and ahh, but I didn't. After he finished saying how cool it was and how much he and his wife liked it, I commented "no Flash and no Silverlight" after which followed this: Him: "You don't need it, HTML5 can do everything Flash and Silverlight does" Me: "Wait... you're telling me that the iPad converts existing Flash content into HTML5 and then renders it?" Him: "No, but once all the existing sites are converted to HTML 5 it'll be fine and we don't need Flash... or Silverlight" 'all the existing sites' ... huh ... I didn't get a notice, maybe they're doing them alphabetically or something :) Ok Spanky... you keep drinking that Kool-Aide from Steve, I've got mine... it's blue with Silverlight:

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  • How can I locate empty space next to polygon regions?

    - by Stephen
    Let's say I have the following area in a top-down map: The circle is the player, the black square is an obstacle, and the grey polygons with red borders are walk-able areas that will be used as a navigation mesh for enemies. Obstacles and grey polygons are always convex. The grey regions were defined using an algorithm when the world was generated at runtime. Notice the little white column. I need to figure out where any empty space like this is, if at all, after the algorithm builds the grey regions, so that I can fill the space with another region. Basically what I'm hoping for is an algorithm that can detect empty space next to a polygon.

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  • How to create a fountain in UDK

    - by user36425
    I'm trying to make a fountain in my level in UDK, I made the base of the fountain by using a Cylinder build and now I'm trying to put water in it. I went to use the fluidSurfaceActor but I notice that this is square but my fountain is a cylinder. Is there a way that I can change the shape of the fluidSurfaceActor to fit the builder brush shape or is there another way to do this? Or is it hopeless and I have to make my fountain into a cube? Here is a link/picture to the screenprint of what I'm talking about:

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