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  • Clarification How CRF(Conditional random Field) works using examples

    - by Moges.A
    I read different documents how CRF(conditional random field) works but all the papers puts the formula only. Is there any one who can send me a paper that describes about CRF with examples like if we have a sentence "Mr.Smith was born in New York. He has been working for the last 20 years in Microsoft company." if the above sentence is given as an input to train, how does the Model works during the training taking in to consideration for the formula for CRF? Moges.A

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  • how can I future-proof migration of a ADO.net local data layer to a future web based interface (web-

    - by Greg
    Hi, BACKGROUND: I am working on a .NET WinForms application now (C#) with an ADO.net database for the data layer. QUESTION: How an I develop this now such that it would be easy to migrate to a model where the data layer is abstracted via a HTTP web-service or REST interface? For example would just use of a standard C# interface with a Factory to obtain a concrete implementation of the interface where this uses ADO.net be the best? thanks

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  • MVC and Pagination

    - by gms8994
    As an MVC newb, I keep getting caught up in the details. One in particular is making me pause longer than I'd expect; pagination. Should pagination go in the model, or in the controller? In case it matters, I'm using ZF, and would like to paginate the results of some SQL data.

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  • How to represent different entities that have identical behavior?

    - by Dominik
    I have several different entities in my domain model (animal species, let's say), which have a few properties each. The entities are readonly (they do not change state during the application lifetime) and they have identical behavior (the differ only by the values of properties). How to implement such entities in code? Unsuccessful attempts: Enums I tried an enum like this: enum Animals { Frog, Duck, Otter, Fish } And other pieces of code would switch on the enum. However, this leads to ugly switching code, scattering the logic around and problems with comboboxes. There's no pretty way to list all possible Animals. Serialization works great though. Subclasses I also thought about where each animal type is a subclass of a common base abstract class. The implementation of Swim() is the same for all Animals, though, so it makes little sense and serializability is a big issue now. Since we represent an animal type (species, if you will), there should be one instance of the subclass per application, which is hard and weird to maintain when we use serialization. public abstract class AnimalBase { string Name { get; set; } // user-readable double Weight { get; set; } Habitat Habitat { get; set; } public void Swim(); { /* swim implementation; the same for all animals but depends uses the value of Weight */ } } public class Otter: AnimalBase{ public Otter() { Name = "Otter"; Weight = 10; Habitat = "North America"; } } // ... and so on Just plain awful. Static fields This blog post gave me and idea for a solution where each option is a statically defined field inside the type, like this: public class Animal { public static readonly Animal Otter = new Animal { Name="Otter", Weight = 10, Habitat = "North America"} // the rest of the animals... public string Name { get; set; } // user-readable public double Weight { get; set; } public Habitat Habitat { get; set; } public void Swim(); } That would be great: you can use it like enums (AnimalType = Animal.Otter), you can easily add a static list of all defined animals, you have a sensible place where to implement Swim(). Immutability can be achieved by making property setters protected. There is a major problem, though: it breaks serializability. A serialized Animal would have to save all its properties and upon deserialization it would create a new instance of Animal, which is something I'd like to avoid. Is there an easy way to make the third attempt work? Any more suggestions for implementing such a model?

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  • How powerful is the <script> tag in ASP.NET ?

    - by MarceloRamires
    I'm new at web development with .NET, and I'm currently studying a page where I have both separated codebehinds (in my case, a .CS file associated to the ASPX file), and codebehind that is inside the ASPX file inside tags like this: <script runat="server"> //code </script> Q1:What is the main difference (besides logical matters like organization, readability and ETC), what could be done in one way that could not be done in another? What is each mode best suited for ? Q2:If I'm going to develop a simple page with database connection, library imports, access to controls (ascx) and image access in other folders.. which method should I choose ?

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  • Get the date of a given day in a given week...

    - by Sean.C
    i need to start at a year-month and work out what the date it is in a given week, on a given day within that week.. i.e year: 2009 month: 10 week: 5 day-number: 0 would return 2009-10-25 00:00:00 which is a sunday. Notice week 5, there is no day 0 in week 5 in 2009-10 as the sunday in that logical week is 2009-11-01 00:00:00... so week 5 would always return the last possible date for the given day in the given month.. if you havn't guessed already i'm messing with the c struct TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION (link text) which is pretty crazy if i'm fair... Date math and SQL are something to be admired, sadly its something i have never really dug deep into beyond stripping times. Any help would be greatly appriciated. PS: mssql 2005 btw..

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  • Mysql::Error: Duplicate entry

    - by Shaliko
    Hi I have a model class Gift < ActiveRecord::Base validates_uniqueness_of :giver_id, :scope => :account_id end add_index(:gifts, [:account_id, :giver_id], :uniq => true) Action def create @gift= Gift.new(params[:gift]) if @gift.save ... else ... end end In the "production" mode, I sometimes get an error ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid: Mysql::Error: Duplicate entry '122394471958-50301499' for key 'index_gifts_on_account_id_and_user_id' What the problem?

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  • Mysql::Error: Duplicate entry

    - by Shaliko
    Hi I have a model class Gift < ActiveRecord::Base validates_uniqueness_of :giver_id, :scope => :account_id end add_index(:gifts, [:account_id, :giver_id], :uniq => true) Action def create @gift= Gift.new(params[:gift]) if @gift.save ... else ... end end In the "production" mode, I sometimes get an error ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid: Mysql::Error: Duplicate entry '122394471958-50301499' for key 'index_gifts_on_account_id_and_giver_id' What the problem?

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  • Retrieving specific fixtures in Rails

    - by Bilal Aslam
    I have a YML file containing fixtures for a Rails model (Comment) which looks like this (pardon the formatting): comment_a: id: 1 text: 'foo' visible: false comment_b: id: 2 text: 'bar' visible: true comment_c: id: 3 text: 'baz' visible: true I know that I can select an individual Comment fixture like so: comments(:comment_a) In one of my acceptance tests, I want to find all the Comments which have visible = true. How do I select a set of Comments that meet certain criteria so I can iterate over them afterwards?

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  • Handling User Authentication in C#.NET?

    - by Daniel
    Hi! I am new to .NET, and don't have much experience in programming. What is the standard way of handling user authentication in .NET in the following situation? In Process A, User inputs ID/Password Process A sends the ID/Password to Process B over a nonsecure public channel. Process B authenticates the user with the recieved ID/Password what are some of the standard cryptographic algorithms I can use in above model? thank you for your time!

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  • str is not callable error in python .

    - by mekasperasky
    import sys import md5 from TOSSIM import * from RadioCountMsg import * t = Tossim([]) #The Tossim object is defined here m = t.mac()#The mac layer is defined here , in which the communication takes place r = t.radio()#The radio communication link object is defined here , as the communication needs Rf frequency to transfer t.addChannel("RadioCountToLedsC", sys.stdout)# The various channels through which communication will take place t.addChannel("LedsC", sys.stdout) #The no of nodes that would be required in the simulation has to be entered here print("enter the no of nodes you want ") n=input() for i in range(0, n): m = t.getNode(i) m.bootAtTime((31 + t.ticksPerSecond() / 10) * i + 1) #The booting time is defined so that the time at which the node would be booted is given f = open("topo.txt", "r") #The topography is defined in topo.txt so that the RF frequencies of the transmission between nodes are are set lines = f.readlines() for line in lines: s = line.split() if (len(s) > 0): if (s[0] == "gain"): r.add(int(s[1]), int(s[2]), float(s[3])) #The topogrography is added to the radio object noise = open("meyer-heavy.txt", "r") #The noise model is defined for the nodes lines = noise.readlines() for line in lines: str = line.strip() if (str != ""): val = int(str) for i in range(0, 4): t.getNode(i).addNoiseTraceReading(val) for i in range (0, n): t.getNode(i).createNoiseModel() #The noise model is created for each node for i in range(0,n): t.runNextEvent() fk=open("key.txt","w") for i in range(0,n): if i ==0 : key=raw_input() fk.write(key) ak=key key=md5.new() key.update(str(ak)) ak=key.digest() fk.write(ak) fk.close() fk=open("key.txt","w") plaint=open("pt.txt") for i in range(0,n): msg = RadioCountMsg() msg.set_counter(7) pkt = t.newPacket()#A packet is defined according to a certain format print("enter message to be transported") ms=raw_input()#The message to be transported is taken as input #The RC5 encryption has to be done here plaint.write(ms) pkt.setData(msg.data) pkt.setType(msg.get_amType()) pkt.setDestination(i+1)#The destination to which the packet will be sent is set print "Delivering " + " to" ,i+1 pkt.deliver(i+1, t.time() + 3) fk.close() print "the key to be displayed" ki=raw_input() fk=open("key.txt") for i in range(0,n): if i==ki: ms=fk.readline() for i in range(0,n): msg=RadioCountMsg() msg.set_counter(7) pkt=t.newPacket() msg.data=ms pkt.setData(msg.data) pkt.setType(msg.get_amType()) pkt.setDestination(i+1) pkt.deliver(i+1,t.time()+3) #The key has to be broadcasted here so that the decryption can take place for i in range(0, n): t.runNextEvent(); this code gives me error here key.update(str(ak)) . when i run a similar code on the python terminal there is no such error but this code pops up an error . why so?

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  • StringTokenizer problem of tokenizing

    - by Mr CooL
    String a ="the STRING TOKENIZER CLASS ALLOWS an APPLICATION to BREAK a STRING into TOKENS.  "; StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(a); while (st.hasMoreTokens()){ System.out.println(st.nextToken()); Given above codes, the output is following, the STRING TOKENIZER CLASS ALLOWS an APPLICATION to BREAK a STRING into TOKENS.  My only question is why the "STRING TOKENIZER CLASS" has been combined into one token???????? When I try to run this code, System.out.println("STRING TOKENIZER CLASS".contains(" ")); It printed funny result, FALSE It sound not logical right? I've no idea what went wrong. I found out the reason, the space was not recognized as valid space by Java somehow. But, I don't know how it turned up to be like that from the front processing up to the code that I've posted.

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  • Using MOA to classify new examples?

    - by Sam Zetoloth
    I'm trying to use the java machine learning library MOA to train on a training data stream, then predict classes for a test data stream. The first part works fine, using (for example) java -cp .:moa.jar:weka.jar -javaagent:sizeofag.jar moa.DoTask "LearnModel -l MajorityClass -s (ArffFileStream -f atrain.arff -c -1) -O amodel.moa" But then I cannot figure out how to use the trained model (amodel.moa) on another stream (atest.arff) to predict the classes. Has anyone done this before?

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  • Entity Framework in n-layered application - Lazy loading vs. Eager loading patterns

    - by Marconline
    Hi all. This questions doesn't let me sleep as it's since one year I'm trying to find a solution but... still nothing happened in my mind. Probably you can help me, because I think this is a very common issue. I've a n-layered application: presentation layer, business logic layer, model layer. Suppose for simplicity that my application contains, in the presentation layer, a form that allows a user to search for a customer. Now the user fills the filters through the UI and clicks a button. Something happens and the request arrives to presentation layer to a method like CustomerSearch(CustomerFilter myFilter). This business logic layer now keeps it simple: creates a query on the model and gets back results. Now the question: how do you face the problem of loading data? I mean business logic layer doesn't know that that particular method will be invoked just by that form. So I think that it doesn't know if the requesting form needs just the Customer objects back or the Customer objects with the linked Order entities. I try to explain better: our form just wants to list Customers searching by surname. It has nothing to do with orders. So the business logic query will be something like: (from c in ctx.CustomerSet where c.Name.Contains(strQry) select c).ToList(); now this is working correctly. Two days later your boss asks you to add a form that let you search for customers like the other and you need to show the total count of orders created by each customer. Now I'd like to reuse that query and add the piece of logic that attach (includes) orders and gets back that. How would you front this request? Here is the best (I think) idea I had since now. I'd like to hear from you: my CustomerSearch method in BLL doesn't create the query directly but passes through private extension methods that compose the ObjectQuery like: private ObjectQuery<Customer> SearchCustomers(this ObjectQuery<Customer> qry, CustomerFilter myFilter) and private ObjectQuery<Customer> IncludeOrders(this ObjectQuery<Customer> qry) but this doesn't convince me as it seems too complex. Thanks, Marco

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  • Using Include() with inherited entities problem

    - by Peter Stegnar
    In EF eager loading related entities is easy. But I'm having difficulties including inherited entities when loading data using table-per-type model. This is my model: Entities: ArticleBase (base article entity) ArticleSpecial (inherited from ArticleBase) UserBase (base user entity) UserSpecial (inherited from UserBase) Image Relations are as shown on the image (omitting many columns): In reality my users are always of type UserSpecial, since UserBase is used in another application, thus we can share credentials. That's the only reason I have two separate tables. UserBase table can't be changed in any way shape or form, because the other app would break. Question How am I suppose to load ArticleSpecial with both CreatedBy and EditedBy set, so that both are of type UserSpecial (that defines Image relation)? I've tried (unsuccessfully though) these options: 1. Using lambda expressions: context.ArticleBases .OfType<ArticleSpecial>() .Include("UserCreated.Image") .Include("UserEdited.Image"); In this case the problem is that both CreatedBy and EditedBy are related to UserBase, that doesn't define Image navigation. So I should somehow cast these two to UserSpecial type like: context.ArticleBases .OfType<ArticleSpecial>() .Include("UserCreated<UserSpecial>.Image") .Include("UserEdited<UserSpecial>.Image"); But of course using generics in Include("UserCreated<UserSpecial>.Image") don't work. 2. I have tried using LINQ query var results = from articleSpecial in ctx.ArticleBase.OfType<ArticleSpecial>() join created in ctx.UserBase.OfType<UserSpecial>().Include("Image") on articleSpecial.UserCreated.Id equals created.Id join edited in ctx.UserBase.OfType<UserSpecial>().Include("Image") on articleSpecial.UserEdited.Id equals edited.Id select articleSpecial; In this case I'm only getting ArticleSpecial object instances without related properties being set. I know I should select those somehow, but I don't know how? Select part in my LINQ could be changed to something like select new { articleSpecial, articleSpecial.UserCreated, articleSpecial.UserEdited }; but images are still not loaded into my context. My joins in this case are barely used to filter out articleSpecial results, but they don't load entities into context (I suppose). Can anybody provide any help regarding this problem? I think it's not so uncommon.

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  • Django - Specifying default attr for Custom widget

    - by Pierre de LESPINAY
    I have created this widget class DateTimeWidget(forms.TextInput): attr = {'class': 'datetimepicker'} class Media: js = ('js/jquery-ui-timepicker-addon.js',) Then I use it on my form class SessionForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Session def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(SessionForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.fields['start_time'].widget = DateTimeWidget() self.fields['end_time'].widget = DateTimeWidget() No css class is applied to my fields (I'm expecting datetimepicker applied to both start_time & end_time). I imagine I have put attr at a wrong location. Where am I supposed to specify it ?

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  • Java Swing Generate JTable from POJO at runtime

    - by Guillaume
    I'm looking for a library able to build at runtime, using some configuration (xml, annotations, ...) and reflection, a complete JTable (model + searchable and sortable jtable) from a collection of POJOS. I did not found anything like that on the web and I'm wondering if something already exist before I start to coding this.

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  • CakePHP Test Fixtures Drop My Tables Permanently After Running A Test Case

    - by Frank
    I'm not sure what I've done wrong in my CakePHP unit test configuration. Every time I run a test case, the model tables associated with my fixtures are missing form my test database. After running an individual test case I have to re-import my database tables using phpMyAdmin. Here are the relevant files: This is the class I'm trying to test comment.php. This table is dropped after the test. App::import('Sanitize'); class Comment extends AppModel{ public $name = 'Comment'; public $actsAs = array('Tree'); public $belongsTo = array('User' => array('fields'=>array('id', 'username'))); public $validate = array( 'text' = array( 'rule' =array('between', 1, 4000), 'required' ='true', 'allowEmpty'='false', 'message' = "You can't leave your comment text empty!") ); database.php class DATABASE_CONFIG { var $default = array( 'driver' = 'mysql', 'persistent' = false, 'host' = 'project.db', 'login' = 'projectman', 'password' = 'projectpassword', 'database' = 'projectdb', 'prefix' = '' ); var $test = array( 'driver' = 'mysql', 'persistent' = false, 'host' = 'project.db', 'login' = 'projectman', 'password' = 'projectpassword', 'database' = 'testprojectdb', 'prefix' = '' ); } My comment.test.php file. This is the table that keeps getting dropped. <?php App::import('Model', 'Comment'); class CommentTestCase extends CakeTestCase { public $fixtures = array('app.comment', 'app.user'); function start(){ $this-Comment =& ClassRegistry::init('Comment'); $this-Comment-useDbConfig = 'test_suite'; } This is my comment_fixture.php class: <?php class CommentFixture extends CakeTestFixture { var $name = "Comment"; var $import = 'Comment'; } And just in case, here is a typical test method in the CommentTestCase class function testMsgNotificationUserComment(){ $user_id = '1'; $submission_id = '1'; $parent_id = $this-Comment-commentOnModel('Submission', $submission_id, '0', $user_id, "Says: A"); $other_user_id = '2'; $msg_id = $this-Comment-commentOnModel('Submission', $submission_id, $parent_id, $other_user_id, "Says: B"); $expected = array(array('Comment'=array('id'=$msg_id, 'text'="Says: B", 'submission_id'=$submission_id, 'topic_id'='0', 'ack'='0'))); $result = $this-Comment-getMessages($user_id); $this-assertEqual($result, $expected); } I've been dealing with this for a day now and I'm starting to be put off by CakePHP's unit testing. In addition to this issue -- Servral times now I've had data inserted into by 'default' database configuration after running tests! What's going on with my configuration?!

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  • can create a new thread on goog-app-engine ..(python)

    - by zjm1126
    i use this code can crteate ,but someone say it can't create ,why ? class LogText(db.Model): content = db.StringProperty(multiline=True) class MyThread(threading.Thread): def __init__(self,threadname): threading.Thread.__init__(self, name=threadname) def run(self,request): log=LogText() log.content=request.POST.get('content',None) log.put() def Log(request): thr = MyThread('haha') thr.run(request) return HttpResponse('')

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  • Is there a way to unit test an async method?

    - by Jiho Han
    I am using Xunit and NMock on .NET platform. I am testing a presentation model where a method is asynchronous. The method creates an async task and executes it so the method returns immediately and the state I need to check aren't ready yet. I can set a flag upon finish without modifying the SUT but that would mean I would have to keep checking the flag in a while loop for example, with perhaps timeout. What are my options?

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  • Ruby on Rails, Array to HTML table, controller or view?

    - by SooDesuNe
    In my rails app the model is fetching some XML and returning an array. I want each array item (they are all text typed) to ultimately be a cell in an HTML table. Does the logic of turning the array elements into the HTML table belong in the controller or the view? Of course either will work, I'd like your thoughts on best practice.

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  • Good Domain Driven Design samples

    - by jlembke
    I'm learning about DDD and enjoying every minute of it. However, there are some practical issues that are confusing to me that I think seeing some good samples might clear up. So being at peace with those issues, does anyone know of some good working code samples that do a good job of modeling basic DDD concepts? Particularly interested in An illustrative Domain Model Repositories Use of Domain/Application Services Value Objects Aggregate Roots I know I'm probably asking for too much, but anything close will help.

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