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  • Equivalent of scp -l bandwidth_cap for .ssh/config?

    - by Mark Bennett
    Short form: You can limit the bandwidth the scp uses with the -l switch, you pass a number that's in kbits/sec. I'd rather set this in my .ssh/config file for certain names machines. What's the equivalent named setting for -l ? I haven't been able to find it. Followup question: Generally, not sure how to map back and forth between ssh command line options and config names, short of doing Google searches or manually comparing man pages on a case by case basis. Is there a table that directly equates the two? Longer form of first question, with context: I've started using ssh config quite a bit, especially now that I need to go through a proxy and do lots of port mappings. I even define the same machine more than once depending on what type of tunneling I need. However, when uploading a large file, it's difficult to do anything else on my machine. Even though I have more download bandwidth than up, I think that scp saturates the link so even my small requests can't reach the Internet. There's a fix for this, using the -l bandwidth command line switch for scp. scp -l 1000 bigfile.zip titan: I'd like to use this in my config instead, so I'd create an additional named entry called "titan-upload" and I'd use that as the target whenever I upload. So instead of: scp bigfile.zip titan: I'd say: scp bigfile.zip titan-upload Or even set different caps depending on where I am: scp bigfile.zip titan-upload-from-home vs. scp bigfile.zip titan-upload-from-work I'm generally on Mac and Linux.

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  • FreeNAS pool configuration - RAID1 + other drives

    - by trnelson
    Simple questions, really. I found this answer with a similar setup, but not sure it answers my question. If it does, I'm curious why since the answer seems a bit unsure: ZFS Hard Drive Configuration in FreeNAS I'm building a server which will be used primarily for backup, plus some media streaming, possibly with Plex. I seem to understand most everything I need, but I'm still a bit confused on how pools work, and how to configure them for my scenario. I will have 2x 2TB WD Red drives, which I plan on using in a mirrored set up (RAID1). This would be for backup, and I'd also like to do offsite backup to my CrashPlan account from this array. I also have a few other drives: 1.5TB, 320GB, 250GB. I'm not sure exactly what to do with them yet, but looking for options. FreeNAS OS will be running from a 16GB USB Flash drive. Would it be wise to use the 1.5TB as a backup-backup, essentially as a mirror or perhaps for snapshots of the 2TB RAID1? I'm still learning about snapshots. Should the 2TB mirrored drives be in their own pool? Should the other drives be set up in their own pools as well, or should they be JBOD in a single pool? They may or may not get much use since the 2TB array is plenty for me. Does a dataset basically mimic the idea of a partition or a network share? In other words, I would map \SERVER\Share to X: on my laptop? Let's say I wanted to use the 250GB drive as an encrypted drive to store all of my cat pictures. Would it have to be in its own pool? If I use jails apps, should they go in the backup RAID1, or in another place? Thank you!

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  • Two internet connections at once in Windows 7

    - by webmasters
    I have a 3G wireless modem and I have a LAN - Right now they are both connected. I need a way to choose which applications will use the 3G connection and which applications will use the LAN. My Operating System is windows 7. How can I do this? Any ideas? Here is a route print: - the 3G modem's IP is 10.81.132.96 Lets say, for example, map google.com to using the 3G internet connection. IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.102 20 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.81.132.97 10.81.132.111 286 10.81.132.96 255.255.255.224 On-link 10.81.132.111 286 10.81.132.111 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.81.132.111 286 10.81.132.127 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.81.132.111 286 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.2.102 276 192.168.2.102 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.2.102 276 192.168.2.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.2.102 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.2.102 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 10.81.132.111 286 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.2.102 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.81.132.111 286 ===========================================================================

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  • How to limit reverse SSH tunelling ports?

    - by funktku
    We have a public server which accepts SSH connections from multiple clients behind firewalls. Each of these clients create a Reverse SSH tunnel by using the ssh -R command from their web servers at port 80 to our public server. The destination port(at the client side) of the Reverse SSH Tunnel is 80 and the source port(at public server side) depends on the user. We are planning on maintaining a map of port addresses for each user. For example, client A would tunnel their web server at port 80 to our port 8000; client B from 80 to 8001; client C from 80 to 8002. Client A: ssh -R 8000:internal.webserver:80 clienta@publicserver Client B: ssh -R 8001:internal.webserver:80 clientb@publicserver Client C: ssh -R 8002:internal.webserver:80 clientc@publicserver Basically, what we are trying to do is bind each user with a port and not allow them to tunnel to any other ports. If we were using the forward tunneling feature of SSH with ssh -L, we could permit which port to be tunneled by using the permitopen=host:port configuration. However, there is no equivalent for reverse SSH tunnel. Is there a way of restricting reverse tunneling ports per user?

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  • F2 in Paste mode

    - by dotancohen
    Vim has a terrific paste mode, in which abbreviations and mappings are ignored. Frustratingly, even keys that do not map to pastable ASCII characters, such as the function keys, are pasted literally. For instance the key F2 is pasted as <F2>. Is there anyway around this? Note that pastetoggle can in fact be mapped to a function key to easily leave paste mode, however the function that I am writing changes other values when entering or leaving paste mode (such as enabling or disabling line numbers and other things). Therefore I would really like to find a workaround. For reference, here is the current version of the function (that gets stuck in paste mode): iab if if<Space>(<Space>{{<Esc>kA<Left><Left><Left><Left><C-R>=Eatchar('\s')<CR> " Triple-toggle Insert Modes: coding, prose, and paste let g:insertModeGlobal=1 function! Te() if g:insertModeGlobal==3 " Was in paste insert mode, go to coding insert mode set nu set nopaste let g:insertModeGlobal=4 endif if g:insertModeGlobal==2 " Was in prose insert mode, go to paste insert mode set nolinebreak nnoremap j j nnoremap k k nnoremap gj gj nnoremap gk gk set relativenumber execute ":Signs" iab if if<Space>(<Space>{{<Esc>kA<Left><Left><Left><Left><C-R>=Eatchar('\s')<CR> set nonu set paste let g:insertModeGlobal=3 endif if g:insertModeGlobal==1 " Was in coding insert mode, go to prose insert mode set linebreak nnoremap j gj nnoremap k gk nnoremap gj j nnoremap gk k set number execute ":DisableSigns" iab if if let g:insertModeGlobal=2 endif if g:insertModeGlobal==4 let g:insertModeGlobal=1 endif endfunction

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  • Home Network Stopped Working

    - by James
    I have a home network where a machine running Windows 7 Ultimate N acts as a central hub for other devices to access media. This has been running for around 2 years now and there has been no recent configuration changes. The machine has a static IP address (192.168.0.3), which also has not been changed. A few laptops, Sonos music system and mobiles are using the machine for music/video mostly. Additionally, post 3389 was also open for RDP. I used a no-ip agent to map a hostname so I could RDP to the machine from the internet. As of yesterday when I try to ping the machine, I get PING:Transmit Failed, General Error I noticed however, the IP it is pinging is 0.0.2.233. All shares etc are no longer functioning including RDP. On the machine itself, an IP config shows like nothing has changed. It still shows the expected IP. If I ping itself from its hostname, I get the same error as above. machine has been rebooted, the router has been also. Any ideas where to even start on this?

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  • Cisco configuration for public library internet

    - by AlternateZ
    I'm a C/C++ computer programmer turned IT support guy working for a public library. My day is usually spent helping random grandparents learn how to use email, so my networking knowledge is limited to what I can glean from google. Here's the situation. We have a public library with 20 PCs on a LAN and also public wifi access. Previously we were running all of this on 1 ADSL connection and people complained about low speeds. We hired a networking company to set up a Cisco dual-WAN router for us, and purchased an additional ADSL connection. The intention was to give the LAN PCs a guaranteed amount of bandwidth each, and then let the wifi users split the rest. The results were far worse than what we expected, and all we got from the company was excuses and they've since washed their hands of us. During busy periods, net performance on the LAN PCs are so poor that attaching files to gmail etc often times out and fails - far from the "guaranteed amount of bandwidth each" that we hope for! Sometimes it feels like performance is worse than before when we had 1 ADSL link and an unconfigured router? Anyways, surely this is a problem encountered a million times over across the world? (Sharing internet across many users effectively.) What are standard solutions for something like this? I admit to not even knowing the right jargon to google for (load balancing?) I'd appreciate any links to resources/guides that might help me get a better understanding of the problem/solutions, and perhaps some stories of your own experience in solving similar problems. This will help us evaluate and negotiate with network consultants in the future. If its relevant, our router config contains a section "policy-map" with "bandwidth percent" for each class of user (LAN, wifi), and "fair queue".

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  • Make a drive from one machine appear as a physical disk in another machine.

    - by Roberto Sebestyen
    I want to take a physical disk (or part of a disk) in one machine (call it machine-A) and I want to make it available in another machine (machine-B). But I don't want to map a network drive. I want it to appear in machine-B as a physical drive. Even though it is not a physical drive. The reason I want to do this is i want the ability to create shares in machine-B on that drive. Since I cannot do that on mapped drives, I need to use some utility that fools machine-B to think that it is a physical drive, and treat it as such. Both of these machines are windows server 2003. I heard about NFS, It sounds like what could be the solution to my problem. But isn't that a Linux/Unix protocol? What tools can I use to make this happen? Are there any open source solutions? I don't care what the solution is, as long as it achieves the end result, preferably open source solution though. Thanks for reading guys and gals!

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  • How to make Firefox file associations consistent with Ubuntu file associations?

    - by wbharding
    This seems to be a pretty commonly Google question, but one for which there are no answers. http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-software-2/firefox-download-mime-types-378902 http://www.birkit.com/content/kubuntu-linux/internet/firefox/fix-file-associations-in-firefox.html Being three links amongst the many. The gist of what I want to accomplish is to have Firefox understand the file associations I download without me having to manually map all of them myself. Gnome knows the file extensions, so I would have expected that Firefox could just use the already-known file mappings there to open the right stuff (as I presume Chrome does). But it doesn't. At least not for me, using Firefox 4, and not by default. When I click on a downloaded file right now, Firefox always has to ask me what application should be used to open the file. A handful of Google results tell me that I can reassociate my file extensions by deleting ~/.mozilla/firefox/[profile name]/mimeTypes.rdf, but while deleting that file does in fact result in a new mimeTypes file being generated, the new mimeTypes is just as barren as the old one had been. Based on the amount of unanswered Qs on the Googlesphere, I know this is a very common problem for Ubuntu users, but it seems to be one for which nobody has chimed in with a good solution. Maybe Superuser can finally be the panacea for us all?

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  • Windows Share permissions

    - by Armando
    I have a SQL/File server that I am replicating a File Share and SQL instance, using ArcServer RHA, to a Replica server. Everything seems to work as far as the replication of the SLQ instance and Share is concerned. When I fail over to the Replica server the DNS Host A record is modified to point to the Replica Server IP Address so if I do an NSLOOKUP on ServerA it then points to the IP Address of ServerB. Ans since the SQL instance is named the same I can still map my ODBC connections to ServerA and I can still make a SQL connection. When I try to do a \ServerA\Share I get an error that says I do not have permissions to the Share. I think this is because it uses keberose authentication and the Share is tied to the actual sever host name. I have tried puting in a CNAME and pointing it to ServerA and Disabling Strict Name Checking on ServerB as well as adding the CNAME to the OptionalNames in the registry but I am still getting the error when I have the ServerA powered off. Is there a way to reset the Authentication of the Share to use the DNS Cname?

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  • How to safely use grub rescue> in Fedora 16? System does not boot anymore

    - by YumYumYum
    When i boot my PC, i get this in my Fedora 16 distro. I have tried as following but none allowing me to boot anymore. Any help please? I am blocked completely. Grub loading. Welcome to GRUB! error: file not found. Entering rescue mode... grub rescue> grub rescue> ls (hd0) (hd0,gpt3) (hd0,gpt2) (hd0,gpt1) grub rescue> ls (hd0,gpt2)/ ./ ../ lost+found/ memtest86+-4.20 grub2/ System.map-3.1.0-0.rc3.git0.0.fc16.i686 config 3.1.0.0.rc3.git0.0.fc16.i686 grub/ vmlinuz-3.1.0.0.rc3.git0.0.fc16.i686 elf-memtest86+-4.20 initramfs-3.1.0.0.rc3.git0.0.fc16.i686.img initramfs-3.1.0.0.rc4.git0.0.fc16.i686.img System.mpa-3.1.0.0.rc3.git0.0.fc16.i686 config-3.1.0.0.rc3.git0.0.fc16.i686 vmlinuz-3.1.0.0.rc3.git0.0.fc16.i686 grub rescue> set prefix=(hd0,gpt2)/boot/grub grub rescue> set root=(hd0,gpt2) grub rescue>insmod normal error unknown filesystem. or sometimes "error: file not found." grub rescue>normal unknown command normal

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  • Separate Certificate by Subdomain (With multiple IPs)

    - by Brian
    Note: Yes, I realize this problem is easier to solve by just using 1 multi-domain or wildcard certificate. I wish to have an ASP.NET site running on IIS with 2 SSL domains sharing 1 web application but using separate certificates. Assuming I have 2 certificates, this can be solved on IIS7 as follows: Web Application1: Binding 1: http, 80, IP Address *, Host Name * Binding 2: https, 443, IPADDRESS1, using CERTDOMAIN1 (DOMAIN1 resolves to IPADDRESS1) Binding 3: https, 443, IPADDRESS2, using CERTDOMAIN2 (DOMAIN2 resolves to IPADDRESS2) That is to say, 2 certificates and 2 ip addresses, but both mapped to the same web application. In IIS6, the closest I have been able to come to this configuration is: Web Application1: Binding 1: http, 80, IPADDRESS1 Binding 2: https, 443, IPADDRESS1, using CERTDOMAIN1 (DOMAIN1 resolves to IPADDRESS1) Web Application2: Binding 1: http, 80, IPADDRESS2 Binding 2: https, 443, IPADDRESS2, using CERTDOMAIN2 (DOMAIN2 resolves to IPADDRESS2) That is to say, 2 certificates and 2 IP addresses, 2 web applications, both mapped to the same file location. The IIS6 solution is not optimal. Even if sharing an application pool, there are still costs associated with running the same site as two applications. Is upgrading from IIS6 to IIS7 a legitimate way to resolve this problem? Is there an IIS6 way to map 2 IP addresses within the same web application to different certificates?

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  • Server Intermittently Inaccessible Externally (but Accessible Internally Continuously)

    - by nicorellius
    I have a CRM on a server on a network. We have a static IP and another server outward facing. We use port-forwarding to map to the CRM, so that when you go to the IP or the FQDN, you get to the CRM: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx crm.example.com Internally, we can access the CRM by going to crm or crm.example.com Lately, I've been noticing that accessing the server from outside the network times out or gives 503, bad gateway. During that time, I can also SSH (different port, so this works) into the outward facing computer and access the server just fine. I have a robot monitoring the site and indeed via HTTP monitoring the site is going down periodically. I looked through the Apache server access and error logs and nothing stuck out at me so I'm a bit confused as to what could be going on. I also searched the access logs for 503 and found nothing. When I run tracert from outside the network, it appears the packets basically make it through the wider area servers (Comcast city and county servers) and end up dropping at the CRM server's front step. I'm tempted to replace the server because it is older and underpowered but it would be nice to know what is going on. Any ideas what to do next?

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  • Window too big to fit the screen!

    - by syockit
    I'm using Windows 7 on a 8.9' monitor with 1280x768 screen resolution. Using the might of arithmetics, I'm able to determine that my dpi (actually ppi) should be 167. Win7 is really helpful in that it doesn't have to restart to apply new dpi settings, unlike its predecessors (though I'd rather it applies straight away). The problem with small monitors in Windows is that when you come across windows too big to fit the screen, you can't move the title bar far above it. In X window managers I used in the past, you could alt-drag the window to anywhere you want, but in Windows, even if you alt-space and select move, it will automatically push the window back until the title bar is visible. I'm looking for a solution that either: allows me to move window freely without regard to titlebar visibility, or attach a scrollbar to existing window, or EDIT: create virtual desktops that allow me to span windows over 2 desktops, or EDIT 2: allow me to set larger virtual resolution, then pan & scan. EDIT 3: I found some progs that might do some of the above: 1) AltDrag allows me to drag, resize using alt and left/right mouse button. Neat! Best solution so far. 2) GiMeSpace Desktop Extender is supposed to allow me to scroll desktop. Didn't work. The other new version, GiMeSpace Ultimate Taskbar worked, but it destroys my Superbar, replacing it with its map.

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  • Simulate a DFS share for a user not on domain with a folder in path

    - by user223655
    I have a consultant whose computer is not on the domain and needs to access various network resources. Unfortunately while adding a computer to the domain is a difficult bureaucratic process (and would disallow much of his development software from even running given the domain restrictions), we can allow him to have credentials to access network resources. As such, he accesses various network resources via NET USE etc. without using DFS. There is one piece of software which requires him to have the same hardcoded path as other domain users but that path is a DFS path which he can't map (i.e., the software checks the path at runtime and will only run if it matches the registered path and will reject it in the context of using a DFS versus conventional machine path) I was wondering if there's some method to simulate the DFS path without actually using DFS. e.g., the path the software needs to see is "\ABC\DFS\software\app.exe" whereas the non DFS path is "\DEF\Software\app.exe" while I could make his hosts file point DEF to ABC, I'm not sure if I can somehow make it point there with the DFS "folder" as well are there any methods for this short of making changes to the AD to allow him to use DFS or add him to the domain (both of which are politically/technically challenging sadly)? Thanks guys

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  • Wildcard subdomain setup ... want to change host IP throws off client A records... what to do...

    - by Joe
    Here is the current set up (in a nutshell). The site is set up with a wildcard subdomain, so *.website.com is accessible. Clients can then domain map their own domains with an A record to the server IP address and it will translate the to appropriate *.website.com with re directions and env variables in htaccess. Everything is working perfect... but now comes the problem. The site has grown larger than a single DQC Xeon server can handle at peak times. Looking at cloud options seems tempting, but clients are pointing their domains to a single IP address with the A record (our server). Now, this was probably bad planing from the start, but the question is, if this was to be done today, how would we set it up so that clients use a CNAME perhaps to point their domains to our server rather than an A record. And, if that is not possible for the root domain, how can we then use multiple IP addresses on our side to translate the incoming http request? Complex enough? Hope I've explained it well!

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  • Cisco FWSM -> ASA upgrade broke our mail server

    - by Mike Pennington
    We send mail with unicode asian characters to our mail server on the other side of our WAN... immediately after upgrading from a FWSM running 2.3(2) to an ASA5550 running 8.2(5), we saw failures on mail jobs that contained unicode. The symptoms are pretty clear... using the ASA's packet capture utility, we snagged the traffic before and after it left the ASA... access-list PCAP line 1 extended permit tcp any host 192.0.2.25 eq 25 capture pcap_inside type raw-data access-list PCAP buffer 1500000 packet-length 9216 interface inside capture pcap_outside type raw-data access-list PCAP buffer 1500000 packet-length 9216 interface WAN I downloaded the pcaps from the ASA by going to https://<fw_addr>/pcap_inside/pcap and https://<fw_addr>/pcap_outside/pcap... when I looked at them with Wireshark Follow TCP Stream, the inside traffic going into the ASA looks like this EHLO metabike AUTH LOGIN YzFwbUlciXNlck== cZUplCVyXzRw But the same mail leaving the ASA on the outside interface looks like this... EHLO metabike AUTH LOGIN YzFwbUlciXNlck== XXXXXXXXXXXX The XXXX characters are concerning... I fixed the issue by disabling ESMTP inspection: wan-fw1(config)# policy-map global_policy wan-fw1(config-pmap)# class inspection_default wan-fw1(config-pmap-c)# no inspect esmtp wan-fw1(config-pmap-c)# end The $5 question... our old FWSM used SMTP fixup without issues... mail went down at the exact moment that we brought the new ASAs online... what specifically is different about the ASA that it is now breaking this mail? Note: usernames / passwords / app names were changed... don't bother trying to Base64-decode this text.

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  • Follow through - How to setup equivalent USVIDEO.ORG DNS-Proxy on Linux

    - by DNSDC
    I'm quite keen to setup similar service (but FREE) and seems you know how to do this. "you need to run your own private dns with artificial records for example pandora.com you also need a real dns to fall back on. now that all requests for these sites are going to your US located box you can open up port 80 on squid and listen for the traffic. your cache_peer settings should allow you to map each domain to their real ip. The trafic now flows initially from your US located box to the service but then the server responds it responds directly to the host. no magic here. I won't share the fine details as it probably best serves all to not over exploit this." Did you mean we need to 1. Setup Forward-only DNS on a US-based server/ip? 2. Setup cache_peer and cache_peer_domain in Squid, I got this. 3. Any iptables rule, prerouting, postrouting rules needed to accomplish this? Appreciate your expert advice. Cheers, Don

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  • Vim move cursor one character in insert mode without arrow keys

    - by bolov
    This might seem a little too overboard, but I switched to vim and I so happy about the workflow now. I try to discipline myself not to use the arrow keys, as keeping the hands on the alfa-keys all the time is such a big thing when writing. So when I need to navigate I get out of insert mode, move in normal mode and get back in insert mode. There is an exception where this is actually more disrupting: I use clang complete with snippets and super tab which is great. Except every time I get a function auto completed after I fill in the parameters I am left with the cursor before ) so to continue I have to move the cursor one character to the right. As you can imagine this happens very often. The only options I have (as far as I know) are : Escla or ?, and I am not happy about neither of them. The first one makes me hit 3 keys for just a simple 1 character cursor move, the second one makes me move my hand to the arrow keys. A third option would be to map CTRL-L or smth to ?. So what is the best way of doing this? //snippets (clang complete + supertab): foo($`param1`, $`param2`) //after completion: foo(var1, var2|) ^ ^ | | I am here | Need to be here | denotes cursor position

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  • Hungry hungry BIOS: why do I have less than 4 GiB of memory?

    - by Rhymoid
    I thought I had 4 GiB of memory, but just to be sure, let's ask the BIOS about that: ?: sudo dmidecode --type 20 # dmidecode 2.12 SMBIOS 2.6 present. Handle 0x000B, DMI type 20, 19 bytes Memory Device Mapped Address Starting Address: 0x00000000000 Ending Address: 0x0007FFFFFFF Range Size: 2 GB Physical Device Handle: 0x000A Memory Array Mapped Address Handle: 0x000E Partition Row Position: Unknown Interleave Position: Unknown Interleaved Data Depth: Unknown Handle 0x000D, DMI type 20, 19 bytes Memory Device Mapped Address Starting Address: 0x00080000000 Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFF Range Size: 2 GB Physical Device Handle: 0x000C Memory Array Mapped Address Handle: 0x000E Partition Row Position: Unknown Interleave Position: Unknown Interleaved Data Depth: Unknown Alright, 4 GiB it is. But I can't use all of it: ?: cat /proc/meminfo | head -n 1 MemTotal: 3913452 kB Somehow, somewhere, I lost 274 MiB. Where did 6% of my memory go? Now I know the address ranges in DMI are incorrect, because the ACPI memory map reports usable ranges well beyond the ending address of the second memory module: ?: dmesg | grep -E "BIOS-e820: .* usable" [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009e7ff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x00000000dee7bfff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x0000000117ffffff] usable I get pretty much the same info from /proc/iomem (except for the 4 kiB hole 0x000-0xFFF), which also shows that the kernel only accounts for less than 8 MiB. I guess 0x00000000-0x7FFFFFFF is indeed mapped to the first memory module, and 0x80000000-0xDFFFFFFF to part of the second memory module (a bunch of ACPI NVS things live between 0xDEE7C000 and 0xDEF30FFF, and the remaining 16-something MiB of that range are just 'reserved'). I guess the highest 0x18000000 bytes of the second memory module are mapped above the 4 GiB mark. But even then, there are two problems: 128 MiB (0x08000000 bytes, living somewhere between 0xE0000000 and 0xFFFFFFFF) are still completely unaccounted for. To note, my graphics card is on PCI-Express and (allegedly) has 1 GiB dedicated memory, so that shouldn't be the culprit. Did the BIOS screw up in moving the memory, leaving it partially shadowed by MMIO? Even with this mediocre explanation, I only 'found' 128 MiB. But /proc/meminfo is reporting a much larger deficit; where's the other 146 MiB? How does Linux count MemTotal?

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  • HAProxy appsession vs cookie precedence

    - by user1139473
    I am trying to find the best solution for balancing and keeping persistence on our application behind HAProxy. Here is our basic configuration: https://gist.github.com/endzyme/1804046b23c37beba520 After playing around with taking members down and up and also reloading the haproxy (with -sf) I have noticed that appsession isn't 100% effective, it would appear that sometimes it doesn't always 'request-learn'. I also tried to add a cookie JSESSION prefix to balance in case request-learn didn't take. Unfortunately it would present scenarios where the prefix would list svr2 but it was balanced to a different server. I am assuming it's because the appsession table takes first then sticks on that before using the cookie parameter. I have not tested with using cookie as an inserted option (not prefix on existing cookie) but I am thinking it would yield similar results. My question is: Which one is checked first, appsession or cookie, and is it an immediate catch after it reads the first one, or a fall through? Also as a follow up - is it not recommended to use both in the same backend? Cookie as I understand takes less memory resources, is agnostic to reloads and has way better reliability of persistence. Appsession I assume takes less cpu resource, since it's reading not writing. (Bonus Question: is there a way to inspect appsession/cookie table map? socket show table doesn't show anything except stick-tables) Many thanks in advance, -Nick

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  • How does the internet protocol handle network card numbers?

    - by Giorgio
    I know that data packets sent over the internet carry the source and destination IP address, so that the protocol can route the data to the correct destination and keep track of the source address of the packet. But what about the network card address? As far as I know, each network card has a unique identification number. Is this also transmitted with a TCP/IP packet? And when a packet is received at its destination, how is the IP address mapped to a network card number? In other words. On the sender part: does the sender store the sender network card number in the IP packets that it is sending? On the receiver part: which component maps the IP address to the receiver's network card number when a packet is received? E.g., in a home network, does the modem / router map the destination IP address of an incoming packet to a network card number and deliver the packet directly to that network card? A link to documentation on these topics would be of great help.

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  • .htaccess redirect working on localhost but not on server

    - by Thread7
    I want users who hit my web site's root directory to be sent to a subdirectory. So anyone going to: http://MyDomain.com or /index.php would be sent to http://MyDomain.com/subdir I used the .htaccess file to successfully do this on my local machine (with Apache 2). But it doesn't work on the server? Users still see the default index.php in the root directory. Here is my simple .htaccess file. Any ideas? RewriteEngine On Redirect /index.php http://MyDomain.com/subdir/ Now my httpd.conf file AccessFileName .htaccess <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All </Directory> <Directory "/var/www/icons"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> <Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> <IfModule mod_negotiation.c> <IfModule mod_include.c> <Directory "/var/www/error"> AllowOverride None Options IncludesNoExec AddOutputFilter Includes html AddHandler type-map var Order allow,deny Allow from all LanguagePriority en es de fr ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback </Directory> </IfModule> </IfModule>

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  • Is is possible to guide installation of new programs using %ProgramFiles%? [closed]

    - by ??????? ???????????
    The purpose of this is to have the default "program files" (32 and 64 bit) folders located under an arbitrary path, possibly on a drive separate from where windows lives. Initially I thought that this may be done using a system environment variable through the dialog located under Control Panel - System - Advanced - Environment Variables. These variables turned out to be set in the registry under the key HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion. However, one particular entry is confusing. The ProgramFilesPath entry seems to point at an environment variable that is not defined under the same registry key. I could assume that the difference between ProgramFilesDir and ProgramFilesPath is none and that one of them exists as a backwards compatibility, but having some legitimate resource from Microsoft to look at would be better than guessing. After receiving some worrying feedback about having both 32 and 64bit applications in the same folder, I have decided not to ask about the feasibility of this to avoid discussion. The real question is if the desired effect is possible to attain by "cutting into" the windows setup process and modifying those registry entries as early as possible. These settings should be system wide and not only for software installed by a particular user. If this is indeed something that can be done, I wonder if there are any subtle pitfalls. Programs that expect libraries and other resources to be in default locations can probably be dealt with using the same technique as employed by Windows to re-map the "Documents and Settings" folders and the like (i.e. breaking legacy applications is not real concern).

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  • WinVerifyTrust API problem

    - by Shayan
    I'm using WinVerifyTrust API in windows XP and I don't want any kind of user interaction. But when I set the WTD_UI_NONE attribute, although it doesn't show any dialog boxes, but it waits for a long time on the files that in fact wanted user interaction (I mean files which without mentioning the NO UI it will ask the user for that file). This is my code: WINTRUST_FILE_INFO FileData; memset(&FileData, 0, sizeof(FileData)); FileData.cbStruct = sizeof(WINTRUST_FILE_INFO); wchar_t fileName[32769]; FileData.pcwszFilePath = fileName; FileData.hFile = NULL; FileData.pgKnownSubject = NULL; /* WVTPolicyGUID specifies the policy to apply on the file WINTRUST_ACTION_GENERIC_VERIFY_V2 policy checks: 1) The certificate used to sign the file chains up to a root certificate located in the trusted root certificate store. This implies that the identity of the publisher has been verified by a certification authority. 2) In cases where user interface is displayed (which this example does not do), WinVerifyTrust will check for whether the end entity certificate is stored in the trusted publisher store, implying that the user trusts content from this publisher. 3) The end entity certificate has sufficient permission to sign code, as indicated by the presence of a code signing EKU or no EKU. */ GUID WVTPolicyGUID = WINTRUST_ACTION_GENERIC_VERIFY_V2; WINTRUST_DATA WinTrustData; // Initialize the WinVerifyTrust input data structure. // Default all fields to 0. memset(&WinTrustData, 0, sizeof(WinTrustData)); WinTrustData.cbStruct = sizeof(WinTrustData); // Use default code signing EKU. WinTrustData.pPolicyCallbackData = NULL; // No data to pass to SIP. WinTrustData.pSIPClientData = NULL; // Disable WVT UI. WinTrustData.dwUIChoice = WTD_UI_NONE; // No revocation checking. WinTrustData.fdwRevocationChecks = WTD_REVOKE_NONE; // Verify an embedded signature on a file. WinTrustData.dwUnionChoice = WTD_CHOICE_FILE; // Default verification. WinTrustData.dwStateAction = 0; // Not applicable for default verification of embedded signature. WinTrustData.hWVTStateData = NULL; // Not used. WinTrustData.pwszURLReference = NULL; // Default. WinTrustData.dwProvFlags = WTD_REVOCATION_CHECK_END_CERT; // This is not applicable if there is no UI because it changes // the UI to accommodate running applications instead of // installing applications. WinTrustData.dwUIContext = 0; // Set pFile. WinTrustData.pFile = &FileData; // WinVerifyTrust verifies signatures as specified by the GUID // and Wintrust_Data. lStatus = WinVerifyTrust( (HWND)INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, &WVTPolicyGUID, &WinTrustData); printf("%x\n", lStatus);

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