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  • True or False: Good design calls for every table to have a primary key, if nothing else, a running i

    - by Velika
    Consider a grocery store scenario (I'm making this up) where you have FACT records that represent a sale transaction, where the columns of the Fact table include SaleItemFact Table ------------------ CustomerID ProductID Price DistributorID DateOfSale Etc Etc Etc Even if there are duplicates in the table when you consider ALL the keys, I would contend that a surrogate running numeric key (i.e. identity column) should be made up, e.g., TransactionNumber of type Integer. I can see someone arguing that a Fact table might not have a unique key (though I'd invent one and waste the 4 bytes, but how about a dimension table?

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  • sqlite3 date operations when joining two tables in a view?

    - by duncan
    In short, how to add minutes to a datetime from an integer located in another table, in one select statement, by joining them? I have a table P(int id, ..., int minutes) and a table S(int id, int p_id, datetime start) I want to generate a view that gives me PS(S.id, P.id, S.start + P.minutes) by joining S.p_id=P.id The problem is, if I was generating the query from the application, I can do stuff like: select datetime('2010-04-21 14:00', '+20 minutes'); 2010-04-21 14:20:00 By creating the string '+20 minutes' in the application and then passing it to sqlite. However I can't find a way to create this string in the select itself: select p.*,datetime(s.start_at, formatstring('+%s minutes', p.minutes)) from p,s where s.p_id=p.id; Because sqlite as far the documentation tells, does not provide any string format function, nor can I see any alternative way of expressing the date modifiers.

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  • Decimal rounding strategies in enterprise applications

    - by Sapphire
    Well, I am wondering about a thing with rounding decimals, and storing them in DB. Problem is like this: Let's say we have a customer and a invoice. The invoice has total price of $100.495 (due to some discount percentage which is not integer number), but it is shown as $100.50 (when rounded, just for print on invoice). It is stored in the DB with the price of $100.495, which means that when customer makes a deposit of $100.50 it will have $0.005 extra on the account. If this is rounded, it will appear as $0, but after couple of invoices it would keep accumulating, which would appear wrong (although it actually is not). What is best to do in this case. Store the value of $100.50, or leave everything as-is?

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  • many-to-many-to-many, incl alignment of data from diff sources

    - by JefeCoon
    Re-factoring dbase to support many:many:many. At the second and third levels we need to preserve end-user 'mapping' or aligning of data from different sources, e.g. Order 17 FirstpartyOrderID => aha LineItem_for_BigShinyThingy => AA-1 # maps to 77-a LineItem_for_BigShinyThingy => AA-2 # maps to 77-b, 77-c LineItem_for_LittleWidget => AA-x # maps to 77-zulu, 77-alpha, 99-foxtrot LineItem_for_LittleWidget => AA-y # maps to 77-zulu, 99-foxtrot LineItem_for_LittleWidget => AA-z # maps to 77-alpha ThirdpartyOrderID => foo LineItem_for_BigShinyThingy => 77-a LineItem_for_BigShinyThingy => 77-b LineItem_for_BigShinyThingy => 77-c LineItem_for_LittleWidget => 77-zulu LineItem_for_LittleWidget => 77-alpha ThirdpartyOrderID => bar LineItem_for_LittleWidget => 99-foxtrot Each LineItem has daily datapoints reported from its own source (Firstparty|Thirdparty). In our UI & app we provide tools to align these, then we'd like to save them into the cleanest possible schema for querying, enabling us to diff the reported daily datapoints, and perform other daily calculations (which we'll store in the dbase also, fortunately that should be cake once we've nailed this). We need to map related [firstparty|thirdparty]line_items which have their own respective datapoints. We'll be using the association to pull each line_items collection of datapoints for summary and discrepancy calculations. I'm considering two options, std has_many,through x2 --or-- possibly (scary) ubermasterjoin table OptionA: order<<-->> order_join_table[id,order_id,firstparty_order_id,thirdparty_order_id] <<-->>line_item order_join_table[firstparty_order_id]-->raw_order[id] order_join_table[thirdparty_order_id]-->raw_order[id] raw_order-->raw_line_items[raw_order_id] line_item<<-->> line_item_join[id,LI_join_id,firstparty_LI,thirdparty_LI <<-->>raw_line_items line_item_join[firstparty_LI]-->raw_line_item[id] line_item_join[thirdparty_LI]-->raw_line_item[id] raw_line_item<<-->>datapoints = we rely upon join to store all mappings of first|third orders & line_items = keys to raw_* enable lookup of these order & line_item details = concerns about circular references and/or lack of correct mapping logic, e.g order--line_item--raw_line_items vs. order--raw_order--raw_line_items OptionB: order<<-->> join_master[id,order_id,FP_order_id,TP_order_id,FP_line_item_id,TP_line_item_id] join_master[FP_order_id & TP_order_id]-->raw_order[id] join_master[FP_line_item_id & TP_line_item_id]-->raw_line_item[id] = every combo of FP_line_item + TP_line_item writes a record into the join_master table = "theoretically" queries easy/fast/flexible/sexy At long last, my questions: a) any learnings from painful firsthand experience about how best to implement/tune/optimize many-to-many-to-many relationships b) in rails? c) any painful gotchas (circular references, slow queries, spaghetti-monsters) to watch out for? d) any joy & goodness in Rails3 that makes this magically easy & joyful? e) anyone written the "how to do many-to-many-to-many schema in Rails and make it fast & sexy?" tutorial that I somehow haven't found? If not, I'll follow up with our learnings in the hope it's helpful.. Thanks in advance- --Jeff

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  • Setting 0/1-to-1 relationship in SQLAlchemy?

    - by Timmy
    is there a proper way of setting up a 0/1-to-1 relationship? i want to be able to check if the related item exists without creating it: if item.relationship is None: item.relationship = item2() but it creates the insert statements on the if statement

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  • has anyone produced an in-memory GIT repository?

    - by Andrew Matthews
    I would like to be able to take advantage of the benefits of GIT (and its workflows), but without the cost of disk access - I just would like to leverage the distributed revision control capabilities of GIT to produce something like a hybrid of memcached and GIT. (preferably in .NET) Is there such a beast out there?

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  • How to point to other table's ID with hibernate?

    - by Wilhelm
    The problem: let's say I have two tables Client, and Product, in which Client has its primary key and a column called products (that points to pk's in Product table)... ok, if I need products to point only one row, it's nice, but if I need it to point for... 1000 rows in Product table, the products column would have to be larger enought... but I can't predict this situation. So, how could I design my table and how would I use hibernate with it, to achieve that "pointing" in a optmized and maybe "easy" way. NOTE: I excluded some columns of the "design" presented here, just to keep the simplicity.

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  • PHP-MySQL: Arranging rows from seperate tables together/Expression to determine row origin

    - by Koroviev
    I'm new to PHP and have a two part question. I need to take rows from two separate tables, and arrange them in descending order by their date. The rows do not correspond in order or number and have no relationship with each other. ---EDIT--- They each contain updates on a site, one table holds text, links, dates, titles etc. from a blog. The other has titles, links, specifications, etc. from images. I want to arrange some basic information (title, date, small description) in an updates section on the main page of the site, and for it to be in order of date. Merging them into one table and modifying it to suit both types isn't what I'd like to do here, the blog table is Wordpress' standard wp_posts and I don't feel comfortable adding columns to make it suit the image table too. I'm afraid it could clash with upgrading later on and it seems like a clumsy solution (but that doesn't mean I'll object if people here advise me it's the best solution). ------EDIT 2------ Here are the DESCRIBES of each table: mysql> describe images; +---------+--------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +---------+--------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | project | varchar(255) | NO | | NULL | | | title | varchar(255) | NO | | NULL | | | time | timestamp | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | | | img_url | varchar(255) | NO | | NULL | | | alt_txt | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | | text | text | YES | | NULL | | | text_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +---------+--------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+ mysql> DESCRIBE wp_posts; +-----------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------------------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-----------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------------------+----------------+ | ID | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | post_author | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | post_date | datetime | NO | | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | | | post_date_gmt | datetime | NO | | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | | | post_content | longtext | NO | | NULL | | | post_title | text | NO | | NULL | | | post_excerpt | text | NO | | NULL | | | post_status | varchar(20) | NO | | publish | | | comment_status | varchar(20) | NO | | open | | | ping_status | varchar(20) | NO | | open | | | post_password | varchar(20) | NO | | | | | post_name | varchar(200) | NO | MUL | | | | to_ping | text | NO | | NULL | | | pinged | text | NO | | NULL | | | post_modified | datetime | NO | | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | | | post_modified_gmt | datetime | NO | | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | | | post_content_filtered | text | NO | | NULL | | | post_parent | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | guid | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | menu_order | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | post_type | varchar(20) | NO | MUL | post | | | post_mime_type | varchar(100) | NO | | | | | comment_count | bigint(20) | NO | | 0 | | +-----------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------------------+----------------+ ---END EDIT--- I can do this easily with a single table like this (I include it here in case I'm using an over-elaborate method without knowing it): $content = mysql_query("SELECT post_title, post_text, post_date FROM posts ORDER BY post_date DESC"); while($row = mysql_fetch_array($content)) { echo $row['post_date'], $row['post_title'], $row['post_text']; } But how is it possible to call both tables into the same array to arrange them correctly? By correctly, I mean that they will intermix their echoed results based on their date. Maybe I'm looking at this from the wrong perspective, and calling them to a single array isn't the answer? Additionally, I need a way to form a conditional expression based on which table they came from, so that rows from table 1 get echoed differently than rows from table 2? I want results from table 1 to be echoed differently (with different strings concatenated around them, I mean) for the purpose of styling them differently than those from table two. And vice versa. I know an if...else statement would work here, but I have no idea how can I write the expression that would determine which table the row is from. All and any help is appreciated, thanks.

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  • How to prompt user input parameters for SQL Queries in Access 2010

    - by user1848907
    SELECT Transactions.TransactionNumber FROM Transactions WHERE (((Transactions.Date)>=#11/23/12#)) AND (((Transactions.Date)<=#11/23/12#)); The above code returns all the transaction that happened between the specified dates. But I want those dates to be defined by the user every time the query is executed. I tried using the [] operators to have the user define the criteria in the WHERE, something like this: WHERE (((Transactions.Date)>=[Input a Date])) AND (((Transactions.Date)<=[Input a Date])); But microsoft Access throws a Syntax error message. The same happens when I include the # (date operators) like this WHERE (((Transactions.Date)>=#[Input a Date]#)) AND (((Transactions.Date)<=#[Input a Date]#)); Is there anopther way to manage dates that I'm not aware of or is asking a user for dates in a query out of the question

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  • How many colunms in table to keep? - MySQL

    - by Dennis
    I am stuck between row vs colunms table design for storing some items but the decision is which table is easier to manage and if colunms then how many colunms are best to have? For example I have object meta data, ideally there are 45 pieces of information (after being normalized) on the same level that i need to store per object. So is 45 colunms in a heavry read/write table good? Can it work flawless in a real world situation of heavy concurrent read/writes?

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  • How to make Django work with unsupported MySQL drivers such as gevent-mysql or Concurrence's MySQL d

    - by Continuation
    I'm interested in running Django on an async framework like Concurrence or gevent. Both frameworks come with its own async MySQL driver. Problem is Django only officially supports MySQLdb. What do I need to do to make Django work with the MySQL drivers that come with gevent or Concurrence? Is there a step-by-step guide somewhere that I can follow? Is this a major undertaking? Thanks.

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  • Django: How/Where to store a value for a session without unnecessary DB hits

    - by GerardJP
    Hi all, I have an extended userprofile with AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE (ref: http://tinyurl.com/yhracqq) I would like to set a user.is_guru() method similar to user.is_active(). This would results for al views (or rather templates) to e.g. disable/enable certain user messages, displaying of widgets, etc. The boolean is stored in the extended user profile model, but I want to avoid hitting the DB for every view. So the questions is .. Do I use a context_processor, a template tag, session_dict or what have you to, possible cached, store this info for the duration of the users visit. Note: I dont have performance issues, so it's definitely filed under premature optimization. I just want to avoid generating extra work in the future :). Any pointers are very welcome. Thanx and greetz! Gerard.

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  • Is foreign key reference from two different primary key from two different tables valid?

    - by arundex
    I have a foreign key that has to refer primary keys of two different tables. Table 1: animal animal_ id (primary key) Table 2: bird bird_ id (primary key) Table 3: Pet_info pet_id, type ENUM ('bird', 'animal') foreign key (pet_ id) references animal(animal_id), bird(bird_id) So, I need to check for pet_id either from animal or bird table depending on the need. Is this valid? Or should I go for some restructuring . . . NOTE: I referred this . . but I'm not sure whether I have to change my existing design

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  • Challege: merging csv files intelligently!

    - by Evenz495
    We are in the middle of changing web store platform and we need to import products' data from different sources. We currently have several different csv files from different it systems/databases because each system is missing some information. Fortunatly the product ids are the same so it's possible to relate the data using ids. We need to merge this data into one big csv file so we can import in into our new e-commerce site. My question: is there a general approach when you need to merge csv files with related data into one csv file? Are there any applications or tools that helps you out?

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  • "SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation" in Doctrine

    - by rags
    Hi, i do get an Integrity constraint violation for Doctrine though i really can't see why. Schema.yml User: columns: id: type: integer primary: true autoincrement: true username: type: varchar(64) notnull: true email: type: varchar(128) notnull: true password: type: varchar(128) notnull: true relations: Websites: class: Website local: id foreign: owner type: many foreignType: one onDelete: CASCADE Website: columns: id: type: integer primary: true autoincrement: true active: type: bool owner: type: integer notnull: true plz: type: integer notnull: true longitude: type: double(10,6) notnull: true latitude: type: double(10,6) notnull: true relations: Owner: type: one foreignType: many class: User local: owner foreign: id And here's my data Fixtures (data.yml) Model_User: User_1: username: as email: as****.com password: ***** Model_Website: Website_1: active: true plz: 34222 latitude: 13.12 longitude: 3.56 Owner: User_1

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  • How would you structure your entity model for storing arbitrary key/value data with different data t

    - by Nathan Ridley
    I keep coming across scenarios where it will be useful to store a set of arbitrary data in a table using a per-row key/value model, rather than a rigid column/field model. The problem is, I want to store the values with their correct data type rather than converting everything to a string. This means I have to choose either a single table with multiple nullable columns, one for each data type, or a set of value tables, one for each data type. I'm also unsure as to whether I should use full third normal form and separate the keys into a separate table, referencing them via a foreign key from the value table(s), or if it would be better to keep things simple and store the string keys in the value table(s) and accept the duplication of strings. Old/bad: This solution makes adding additional values a pain in a fluid environment because the table needs to be modified regularly. MyTable ============================ ID Key1 Key2 Key3 int int string date ---------------------------- 1 Value1 Value2 Value3 2 Value4 Value5 Value6 Single Table Solution This solution allows simplicity via a single table. The querying code still needs to check for nulls to determine which data type the field is storing. A check constraint is probably also required to ensure only one of the value fields contains non-nulll data. DataValues ============================================================= ID RecordID Key IntValue StringValue DateValue int int string int string date ------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 Key1 Value1 NULL NULL 2 1 Key2 NULL Value2 NULL 3 1 Key3 NULL NULL Value3 4 2 Key1 Value4 NULL NULL 5 2 Key2 NULL Value5 NULL 6 2 Key3 NULL NULL Value6 Multiple-Table Solution This solution allows for more concise purposing of each table, though the code needs to know the data type in advance as it needs to query a different table for each data type. Indexing is probably simpler and more efficient because there are less columns that need indexing. IntegerValues =============================== ID RecordID Key Value int int string int ------------------------------- 1 1 Key1 Value1 2 2 Key1 Value4 StringValues =============================== ID RecordID Key Value int int string string ------------------------------- 1 1 Key2 Value2 2 2 Key2 Value5 DateValues =============================== ID RecordID Key Value int int string date ------------------------------- 1 1 Key3 Value3 2 2 Key3 Value6 How do you approach this problem? Which solution is better? Also, should the key column be separated into a separate table and referenced via a foreign key or be should it be kept in the value table and bulk updated if for some reason the key name changes?

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  • Best way to model Customer <--> Address

    - by Jen
    Every Customer has a physical address and an optional mailing address. What is your preferred way to model this? Option 1. Customer has foreign key to Address Customer (id, phys_address_id, mail_address_id) Address (id, street, city, etc.) Option 2. Customer has one-to-many relationship to Address, which contains a field to describe the address type Customer (id) Address (id, customer_id, address_type, street, city, etc.) Option 3. Address information is de-normalized and stored in Customer Customer (id, phys_street, phys_city, etc. mail_street, mail_city, etc.) One of my overriding goals is to simplify the object-relational mappings, so I'm leaning towards the first approach. What are your thoughts?

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  • why does cx_oracle execute() not like my string now?

    - by Frank Stallone
    I've downloaded cx_oracle some time ago and wrote a script to convert data to XML. I've had to reisntall my OS and grabbed the latest version of cx_Oracle (5.0.3) and all of the sudden my code is broken. The first thing was that cx_Oracle.connect wanted unicode rather string for the username and password, that was very easy to fix. But now it keeps failing on the cursor.execute and tells me my string is not a string even when type() tells me it is a string. Here is a test script I initally used ages ago and worked fine on my old version but does not work on cx_Oracle now. import cx_Oracle ip = 'url.to.oracle' port = 1521 SID = 'mysid' dsn_tns = cx_Oracle.makedsn(ip, port, SID) connection = cx_Oracle.connect(u'name', u'pass', dsn_tns) cursor = connection.cursor() cursor.arraysize = 50 sql = "select isbn, title_code from core_isbn where rownum<=20" print type(sql) cursor.execute(sql) for isbn, title_code in cursor.fetchall(): print "Values from DB:", isbn, title_code cursor.close() connection.close() When I run that I get: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\NetBeansProjects\Python\src\db_temp.py", line 48, in cursor.execute(sql) TypeError: expecting None or a string Does anyone know what I may be doing wrong?

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  • Better data-structure design

    - by Tempname
    Currently in my application I have a single table that is giving me a bit of trouble. The issue at hand is I have a value object that is mapped to this table. When the data is returned to me as an array of value objects, I have to then loop through this array and begin my recursion by matching the ParentID to parent ObjectID's. The column ParentID is either null (acts a parent) or it holds the value of an ObjectID. I know there has to be a better way to create this data structure so that I do not have to do recursive loops to match ParentID's with their ObjectID's. Any help with this is greatly appreciated. Here is the table in describe form: +----------------+------------------+------+-----+---------------------+-----------------------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------------+------------------+------+-----+---------------------+-----------------------------+ | ObjectID | int(11) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | ObjectHeight | decimal(6,2) | NO | | NULL | | | ObjectWidth | decimal(6,2) | NO | | NULL | | | ObjectX | decimal(6,2) | NO | | NULL | | | ObjectY | decimal(6,2) | NO | | NULL | | | ObjectLabel | varchar(255) | NO | | NULL | | | TemplateID | int(11) unsigned | NO | MUL | NULL | | | ObjectTypeID | int(11) unsigned | NO | MUL | NULL | | | ParentID | int(11) unsigned | YES | MUL | NULL | | | CreationDate | datetime | YES | | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | | | LastModifyDate | timestamp | YES | | NULL | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | +----------------+------------------+------+-----+---------------------+-----------------------------+e

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  • Data Warehouse: Modelling a future schedule

    - by Pat
    I'm creating a DW that will contain data on financial securities such as bonds and loans. These securities are associated with payment schedules. For example, a bond could pay quarterly, while a mortage would usually pay monthly (sometimes biweekly). The payment schedule is created when the security is traded and, in the majority of cases, will remain unchanged. However, the design would need to accomodate those cases where it does change. I'm currently attempting to model this data and I'm having difficulty coming up with a workable design. One of the most commonly queried fields is "next payment date". Users often want to know when a security will pay next. Therefore, I want to make it as easy as possible for them to get the next payment date and amount for each security. Also, users often run historical queries in which case they'd want the next payment date and amount as of a specific point in time. For example, they may want to look back at 1/31/09 and query the next payment dates (which would usually be in February 2009 for mortgages). It's also common that they want to query a security's entire payment schedule, which might consist of 360 records (30 year mortgage x 12 payments/year). Since the next payment date and amount would be changing each month or even biweekly, these fields wouldn't seem to fit into a slow-changing dimension very well. It would probably make more sense to use a fact table, but I'm unsure of how to model it. Any ideas would be greatly appreciated.

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