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• NDepend 4.0 Released

  - by Anthony Trudeau

  Last week version 4.0 of NDepend was released.  NDepend is a Visual Studio add-in designed for intense code analysis with the goal of high quality code.  A month ago I wrapped up my evaluation of the previous version of NDepend. The new version contains many minor changes, several bug fixes, and adds about 50 new code rules.  The version also adds support for Visual Studio 11, .NET Framework 4.5, and SilverLight 5.0.  But, the biggest change was the shift from CQL to CQLinq. Introducing CQLinq The latest version replaces the CQL rules language with CQLinq (CQL is still an option although the editor is buried).  As you might guess CQLinq is a flavor of Linq designed specifically for the code rules. The best way to illustrate the differences is with an example.  I used the following CQL example in Part 3 of my review: WARN IF Count > 0 IN SELECT TYPES WHERE IsInterface AND !NameLike “I” This same query looks like this when implemented in CQLinq: warnif count > 0 from t in Types where t.IsInterface == true && !t.NameLike(“I”) select t I like the syntax and it is a natural fit, but I found writing the queries frustrating in the Queries and Rules Edit window.  The Queries and Rules Edit window replaces the CQL Query Edit window.  The new editor has the same style of Intellisense as the previous editor.  However, it has a few annoyances.  The error indicator is a red block.  It has the tendency of obscuring your cursor.  Additionally, writing CQLing queries is like writing plain old Linq queries, so the fact that the editor uses Enter to select from Intellisense instead of Tab is jarring.  These issues can be an obstacle to writing queries quickly.CQLinq makes it possible to write rules that weren't possible before.  Additionally, a JustMyCode domain is now possible making it easy to eliminate generated code from the analysis.Should you Buy? I recommend NDepend overall.  It has some rough points for me that I have detailed in my earlier evaluation (starting here).  But, it’s definitely worth the money.  The bigger question is: should I pay for the upgrade to 4.0?  At this point I’m on the fence, but I would go for it if you need support for Visual Studio 2011, .NET Framework 4.5, or Silverlight 5.0; or if you need one of the many rules that weren't possible before CQLinq. Disclaimer: Patrick Smacchia contacted me about reviewing NDepend. I received a free license in return for sharing my experiences and talking about the capabilities of the add-in on this site. There is no expectation of a positive review elicited from the author of NDepend. Resources: NDepend Release Notes

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• What economic books would you suggest for learning about economic valuation of goods and simulations thereof?

  - by Rushyo

  I'm looking to create an economic model for a game based on goods created procedurally. Every natural resource and produced good would be procedurally generated, with certain goods being assigned certain uses. Fakesium might be used for the production of Weapon A and produced from Fakesium factories which use Dilithium and Widgets as reagents, where Widgets are also the product of Foo and Bar The problem is not creating the resources and their various production utlities - but getting the game's AI empires and merchants to (Addendum: somewhat) correctly value the goods according to their scarcity, utility and production costs. I need to create a simulation of goods which allows the various game factions to assign a common value denominator (credits) to each resource, depending on how much its worth to that empire. I see the simulation being something like: "I have a high requirement for Weapon A. Since I don't have much of Fakesium, which is needed for Weapon A - I must have a high demand for Fakesium. If I can acquire Fakesium, devalue it. If not, increase its value - and also increase demand for Dilithium and Widgets too." This is very naive - because it may be much much cheaper for the empire to simply purchase Dilithium and Widgets directly rather than purchasing Fakesium, for example. Another example is two resources might allow the creation of Weapon A (Fakesium and Lieron), so we'd need to consider that. I've been scratching my head over the problem and it keeps growing. By the time the player joins the world, I'd expect enough iterations of this process to have occurred that prices would have largely normalised - and would then only trigger rarely to compensate for major changes (eg. if the player blows up the world's only Foo mine!) Could anyone suggest resources (books, largely) which outline this style of modelling, preferably in the context of simulations? Since this problem would never occur outside fantasy worlds, I figured this is probably the most likely place to find people who have encountered similar problems and I'm sure there's people who know of good places for Games Developers to start looking at less specific economic theory too. Additionally, does anyone know of any developers with blogs whose games or research applications perform similar modelling? EDIT: I think I should underline that I'm not looking for optimal solutions. I'm looking to make the actors impulsive - making rudimentary decisions based on fuzzy inputs about what they care about or don't. I'm aiming to understand the problem area better not derive answers. All the textbooks I've found seem to be about real-world economics or how to solve complex theoretical problems, neither of which are terribly relevant to the actor's decision making.

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• Towards Ultra-Reusability for ADF - Adaptive Bindings

  - by Duncan Mills

  The task flow mechanism embodies one of the key value propositions of the ADF Framework, it's primary contribution being the componentization of your applications and implicitly the introduction of a re-use culture, particularly in large applications. However, what if we could do more? How could we make task flows even more re-usable than they are today? Well one great technique is to take advantage of a feature that is already present in the framework, a feature which I will call, for want of a better name, "adaptive bindings". What's an adaptive binding? well consider a simple use case.  I have several screens within my application which display tabular data which are all essentially identical, the only difference is that they happen to be based on different data collections (View Objects, Bean collections, whatever) , and have a different set of columns. Apart from that, however, they happen to be identical; same toolbar, same key functions and so on. So wouldn't it be nice if I could have a single parametrized task flow to represent that type of UI and reuse it? Hold on you say, great idea, however, to do that we'd run into problems. Each different collection that I want to display needs different entries in the pageDef file and: I want to continue to use the ADF Bindings mechanism rather than dropping back to passing the whole collection into the taskflow   If I do use bindings, there is no way I want to have to declare iterators and tree bindings for every possible collection that I might want the flow to handle  Ah, joy! I reply, no need to panic, you can just use adaptive bindings. Defining an Adaptive Binding  It's easiest to explain with a simple before and after use case.  Here's a basic pageDef definition for our familiar Departments table.  <executables> <iterator Binds="DepartmentsView1" DataControl="HRAppModuleDataControl" RangeSize="25"             id="DepartmentsView1Iterator"/> </executables> <bindings> <tree IterBinding="DepartmentsView1Iterator" id="DepartmentsView1">   <nodeDefinition DefName="oracle.demo.model.vo.DepartmentsView" Name="DepartmentsView10">     <AttrNames>       <Item Value="DepartmentId"/>         <Item Value="DepartmentName"/>         <Item Value="ManagerId"/>         <Item Value="LocationId"/>       </AttrNames>     </nodeDefinition> </tree> </bindings>  Here's the adaptive version: <executables> <iterator Binds="${pageFlowScope.voName}" DataControl="HRAppModuleDataControl" RangeSize="25"             id="TableSourceIterator"/> </executables> <bindings> <tree IterBinding="TableSourceIterator" id="GenericView"> <nodeDefinition Name="GenericViewNode"/> </tree> </bindings>  You'll notice three changes here.   Most importantly, you'll see that the hard-coded View Object name  that formally populated the iterator Binds attribute is gone and has been replaced by an expression (${pageFlowScope.voName}). This of course, is key, you can see that we can pass a parameter to the task flow, telling it exactly what VO to instantiate to populate this table! I've changed the IDs of the iterator and the tree binding, simply to reflect that they are now re-usable The tree binding itself has simplified and the node definition is now empty.  Now what this effectively means is that the #{node} map exposed through the tree binding will expose every attribute of the underlying iterator's collection - neat! (kudos to Eugene Fedorenko at this point who reminded me that this was even possible in his excellent "deep dive" session at OpenWorld  this year) Using the adaptive binding in the UI Now we have a parametrized  binding we have to make changes in the UI as well, first of all to reflect the new ID that we've assigned to the binding (of course) but also to change the column list from being a fixed known list to being a generic metadata driven set: <af:table value="#{bindings.GenericView.collectionModel}" rows="#{bindings.GenericView.rangeSize}"         fetchSize="#{bindings.GenericView.rangeSize}"           emptyText="#{bindings.GenericView.viewable ? 'No data to display.' : 'Access Denied.'}"           var="row" rowBandingInterval="0"           selectedRowKeys="#{bindings.GenericView.collectionModel.selectedRow}"           selectionListener="#{bindings.GenericView.collectionModel.makeCurrent}"           rowSelection="single" id="t1"> <af:forEach items="#{bindings.GenericView.attributeDefs}" var="def">   <af:column headerText="#{bindings.GenericView.labels[def.name]}" sortable="true"            sortProperty="#{def.name}" id="c1">     <af:outputText value="#{row[def.name]}" id="ot1"/>     </af:column>   </af:forEach> </af:table> Of course you are not constrained to a simple read only table here.  It's a normal tree binding and iterator that you are using behind the scenes so you can do all the usual things, but you can see the value of using ADFBC as the back end model as you have the rich pantheon of UI hints to use to derive things like labels (and validators and converters...)  One Final Twist  To finish on a high note I wanted to point out that you can take this even further and achieve the ultra-reusability I promised. Here's the new version of the pageDef iterator, see if you can notice the subtle change? <iterator Binds="{pageFlowScope.voName}"  DataControl="${pageFlowScope.dataControlName}" RangeSize="25"           id="TableSourceIterator"/>  Yes, as well as parametrizing the collection (VO) name, we can also parametrize the name of the data control. So your task flow can graduate from being re-usable within an application to being truly generic. So if you have some really common patterns within your app you can wrap them up and reuse then across multiple developments without having to dictate data control names, or connection names. This also demonstrates the importance of interacting with data only via the binding layer APIs. If you keep any code in the task flow generic in that way you can deal with data from multiple types of data controls, not just one flavour. Enjoy!

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• How do we provide valid time estimates during Sprint Planning without doing "too much" design?

  - by Michael Edenfield

  My team is getting up to speed with Scrum, but most of us are more familiar with non-agile or "pseudo-"agile methodologies. The part that is the biggest hurdle for us is running an efficient Sprint Planning meeting where we break our backlog items into tasks, and estimate hours. (I'm using the terminology from the VS2010 Scrum Template; apologies if I use the wrong word somewhere.) When we try to figure out how long a task is going to take, we often fall into the trap of designing the feature at the code level -- table layout, interfaces, etc -- in order to figure out how long that's going to take. I'm pretty sure this is not the appropriate place to be doing that kind of design. We should be scheduling tasks for these design meetings during the sprint. However, we are having trouble figuring out how else to come up with meaningful estimates for the tasks. Are there any practical habits/techniques/etc. for making a judgement call about how long a feature is going to take, without knowing how you plan to implement it? If our time estimates are going to change significantly once the design has been completed, how can we properly budget our Sprint backlog ahead of time? EDIT: Just to clarify, since some of the comments/answers are very valid but I think addressing the wrong question. We know that what we're doing is not right, and that we should be building time into the sprint for this design. Conceptually all of the developers understand that. We also also bringing in a team member with Scrum experience to keep us on track if we start going off into the weeds. The problem is that, without going through this design process, we are finding it difficult to provide concrete time estimates for anything. We are constantly saying things like "well if we design it this way it might take 8 hours but if we end up having to do this other way instead that will take about 32 but it might not be as bad once we start trying to write it...". I also assume that this process will get better once we have some historical velocity to work from, but many of the technologies and architectural patterns we are using are new to us. But if potentially-wildly-wrong estimates are just a natural part of adapting this process then we will just need to recondition ourselves to accept that :)

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• Help with OpenVPN setup on Windows Server 2003

  - by Bill Johnson

  Hi all, Just wondering if someone can assist me further with the set-up of OpenVPN on my Windows Server 2003. I have configured Win Server as per the following guide: http://tinyurl.com/kxusv and I'm now at the stage of Creating the config files. I have a few questions that I need some assistance with. My server IP is 192.168.1.10 and my routers IP address is 192.168.1.1 (the router is a Netgear DGN2000). I have edited the server.ovpn file as per the following: push "dhcp-option DNS X.X.X.X" # Replace the Xs with the IP address of the DNS for your home network (usually your ISP's DNS) push "dhcp-option DNS X.X.X.X" # A second DNS server if you have one to include my ISP DNS and I have not edited anything else. Now my issue is with the client1.opvpn file as per the below: client dev tap #dev-node MyTAP #If you renamed your TAP interface or have more than one TAP interface then remove the # at the beginning and change "MyTAP" to its name proto udp remote YOURHOST.dyndns.org 1194 #You will need to enter you dyndns account or static IP address here. The number following it is the port you set in the server's config route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway 3 #This it the IP address scheme and subnet of your normal network your server is on. Your router would usually be 192.168.1.1 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\easy-rsa\\keys\\ca.crt" cert "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\easy-rsa\\keys\\client1.crt" # Change the next two lines to match the files in the keys directory. This should be be different for each client. key "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\easy-rsa\\keys\\client1.key" # This file should be kept secret ns-cert-type server cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default) encrytion comp-lzo verb 1 To me it looks like I will need to amend the following: remote YOURHOST.dyndns.org 1194 #You will need to enter you dyndns account or static IP address here. The number following it is the port you set in the server's config route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway 3 #This it the IP address scheme and subnet of your normal network your server is on. Your router would usually be 192.168.1.1 So, should the first line be the static IP of the machine that I'm applying this to? The IP address of the server (192.168.1.10) or something else? I'm also stuck on the second part 'route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway 3' Should this be the router IP which is 192.168.1.1 and the subnet is 255.255.255.0 and that is all I need to alter? The final part that I'm stuggling with is Configuring the router. Basically I have a Netgear DGN2000 and as it mentions that the router should be configured to port forward port 1194 to the server’s IP address of 192.168.1.150 all I have been able to do is in 'Firewall Rules' and on 'Inbound Services', set the Service to 'Any(ALL) and Send to LAN Server point to 1923.168.1.150. I'm not sure if this is correct? It is the following stage of the help guide that I'm struggling with and really need some help with: You need to make sure the port you configured OpenVPN to listen on is forwarded on the router to the IP address of your server. On the WRT54G, port forwarding is configured in the “Applications & Gaming” section. Enter 1194 for the port, UDP for the protocol, and 192.168.1.150 for the IP address. Make sure the entry is enabled and then save the setting. Next, you need to add an entry to the router’s Routing Table. This will enable the router to properly route requests from the clients to the TAP interface of the server. On the WRT54G you would go to the “Setup” page and then the “Advanced Routing” section. Enter the follwing info to make the entry: Enter Route Name: openVPN Destination LAN IP: 192.168.10.0 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.252 Default Gateway: 192.168.1.150 Interface: LAN & Wireless Once the info has been typed in make sure you save the setting. Can anyone possibly guide me through setting this part up with my Netgear router. I see that once I have these 2 parts complete I'm there so I would really appreciate someone walking me through what is required in completing this. Much appreciated.

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• F# Project Euler Problem 1

  - by MarkPearl

  Every now and then I give project Euler a quick browse. Since I have been playing with F# I have found it a great way to learn the basics of the language. Today I thought I would give problem 1 an attempt… Problem 1 If we list all the natural numbers below 10 that are multiples of 3 or 5, we get 3, 5, 6 and 9. The sum of these multiples is 23. Find the sum of all the multiples of 3 or 5 below 1000. My F# Solution I broke this problem into two functions… 1) be able to generate a collection of numbers that are multiples of a number but but are smaller than another number. let GenerateMultiplesOfXbelowY X Y = X |> Seq.unfold (fun i -> if (i<Y) then Some(i, i+X) else None) I then needed something that generated collections for multiples of 3 & 5 and then removed any duplicates. Once this was done I would need to sum these all together to get a result. I found the Seq object to be extremely useful to achieve this… let Multiples = Seq.append (GenerateMultiplesOfXbelowY 3 1000) (GenerateMultiplesOfXbelowY 5 1000) |> Seq.distinct |> Seq.fold(fun acc a -> acc + a) 0 |> Console.WriteLine |> Console.ReadLine My complete solution was … open System let GenerateMultiplesOfXbelowY X Y = X |> Seq.unfold (fun i -> if (i<Y) then Some(i, i+X) else None) let Multiples = Seq.append (GenerateMultiplesOfXbelowY 3 1000) (GenerateMultiplesOfXbelowY 5 1000) |> Seq.distinct |> Seq.fold(fun acc a -> acc + a) 0 |> Console.WriteLine |> Console.ReadLine   Which seemed to generate the correct result in a relatively short period of time although I am sure I will get some comments from the experts who know of some intrinsic method to achieve all of this in one method call.

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• Office lights on or off in programming department? How to decide? [closed]

  - by smp7d

  At my company, the programmers who sit in the same area are constantly fighting over whether the lights stay on or off. Because there is no official policy it makes it a particularly sticky situation. We are a typical cube-farm and we have those typical cube-farm fluorescent lights and smaller ones at our desks. With the lights off, it is difficult to read and you would probably need to turn on your desk light (which some people do anyway). All programmers in our department do most of their reading on their monitor because of the nature of our business. Some feel that we should have a vote to decide whether the lights stay on or off. A couple who prefer 'lights on' feel that the vote would need to be unanimous to turn them off as having them on is the more natural office setting. Those who want them off point out that all other departments keep their lights off. I have heard all of the arguments: -Fluorescent lights cause eye strain -Reading in dark causes eye strain -The desk lights can be used if light is needed -People from other departments feel uncomfortable approaching us in the "dark" -The monitors are harder to see in the light ... Right now, some of the developers turn off the lights and some turn them on. It really just depends who last walked by the switch. I am a bit sick of the controversy as it feels a bit childish at the moment. I'm tired of hearing about it and I'm tired of having to talk about it. I tried to help them decide but as I explained, voting wasn't enough. Do other programming departments have this same argument? What is the standard or traditionally accepted option in a programming area? Are there any good reasons for one way or the other outside of preference? How can we decide fairly? EDIT Just a little more info... We do not have clients/visitors come into our office. We do have windows and hall lights that make our environment plenty bearable with the lights off. It kind of resembles a meeting room that has the lights off during a powerpoint presentation.

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• while(true) and loop-breaking - anti-pattern?

  - by KeithS

  Consider the following code: public void doSomething(int input) { while(true) { TransformInSomeWay(input); if(ProcessingComplete(input)) break; DoSomethingElseTo(input); } } Assume that this process involves a finite but input-dependent number of steps; the loop is designed to terminate on its own as a result of the algorithm, and is not designed to run indefinitely (until cancelled by an outside event). Because the test to see if the loop should end is in the middle of a logical set of steps, the while loop itself currently doesn't check anything meaningful; the check is instead performed at the "proper" place within the conceptual algorithm. I was told that this is bad code, because it is more bug-prone due to the ending condition not being checked by the loop structure. It's more difficult to figure out how you'd exit the loop, and could invite bugs as the breaking condition might be bypassed or omitted accidentally given future changes. Now, the code could be structured as follows: public void doSomething(int input) { TransformInSomeWay(input); while(!ProcessingComplete(input)) { DoSomethingElseTo(input); TransformInSomeWay(input); } } However, this duplicates a call to a method in code, violating DRY; if TransformInSomeWay were later replaced with some other method, both calls would have to be found and changed (and the fact that there are two may be less obvious in a more complex piece of code). You could also write it like: public void doSomething(int input) { var complete = false; while(!complete) { TransformInSomeWay(input); complete = ProcessingComplete(input); if(!complete) { DoSomethingElseTo(input); } } } ... but you now have a variable whose only purpose is to shift the condition-checking to the loop structure, and also has to be checked multiple times to provide the same behavior as the original logic. For my part, I say that given the algorithm this code implements in the real world, the original code is the most readable. If you were going through it yourself, this is the way you'd think about it, and so it would be intuitive to people familiar with the algorithm. So, which is "better"? is it better to give the responsibility of condition checking to the while loop by structuring the logic around the loop? Or is it better to structure the logic in a "natural" way as indicated by requirements or a conceptual description of the algorithm, even though that may mean bypassing the loop's built-in capabilities?

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• Is it dangerous for me to give some of my Model classes Control-like methods?

  - by Pureferret

  In my personal project I have tried to stick to MVC, but I've also been made aware that sticking to MVC too tightly can be a bad thing as it makes writing awkward and forces the flow of the program in odd ways (i.e. some simple functions can be performed by something that normally wouldn't, and avoid MVC related overheads). So I'm beginning to feel justified in this compromise: I have some 'manager programs' that 'own' data and have some way to manipulate it, as such I think they'd count as both part of the model, and part of the control, and to me this feels more natural than keepingthem separate. For instance: One of my Managers is the PlayerCharacterManager that has these methods: void buySkill(PlayerCharacter playerCharacter, Skill skill); void changeName(); void changeRole(); void restatCharacter(); void addCharacterToGame(); void createNewCharacter(); PlayerCharacter getPlayerCharacter(); List<PlayerCharacter> getPlayersCharacter(Player player); List<PlayerCharacter> getAllCharacters(); I hope the mothod names are transparent enough that they don't all need explaining. I've called it a manager because it will help manage all of the PlayerCharacter 'model' objects the code creates, and create and keep a map of these. I may also get it to store other information in the future. I plan to have another two similar classes for this sort of control, but I will orchestrate when and how this happens, and what to do with the returned data via a pure controller class. This splitting up control between informed managers and the controller, as opposed to operating just through a controller seems like it will simplify my code and make it flow more. My question is, is this a dangerous choice, in terms of making the code harder to follow/test/fix? Is this somethign established as good or bad or neutral? I oculdn't find anything similar except the idea of Actors but that's not quite why I'm trying to do. Edit: Perhaps an example is needed; I'm using the Controller to update the view and access the data, so when I click the 'Add new character to a player button' it'll call methods in the controller that then go and tell the PlayerCharacterManager class to create a new character instance, it'll call the PlayerManager class to add that new character to the player-character map, and then it'll add this information to the database, and tell the view to update any GUIs effected. That is the sort of 'control sequence' I'm hoping to create with these manager classes.

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• Response: Agile's Second Chasm

  - by Malcolm Anderson

  William Pietri over at Agile Focus has written an interesting article entitled, "Agile’s Second Chasm (and how we fell in)" in which he talks about how agile development has fallen into a common trap where large companies are now spending a lot of money hiring agile (Scrum) consultants just so that they can say they are agile, but all the while avoiding any change that is required by Scrum.   It echoes the questions that I've been asking for a while, "Can a fortune 500 company actually do agile development?"  I'm starting to think that the answer is "usually not"   William ask 3 questions at the end of his article that I will answer here.   1) Have I seen agile development brought in and then preemptively customized (read: made into ScrummerFall)?   Yes, Scrum is hard and disruptive.  It's a spotlight on company dysfunction.  In a low trust environment like most fortune 500 companies Scrum will be subverted by anyone who has ever seen "transparency" translate into someone being laid off.   2) If I had to do it all over again, would I change anything?  No, this is a natural progression, but the agile principles are powerful enough, that the companies that don't adopt them will no longer be competitive and will start to fail.   3) Is this situation solvable?  I think it is.  I think that one of the issues is that you often see companies implementing Scrum, but avoiding the agile engineering practices.  I believe that you cannot do one without the other.  Scrum keeps the ship sailing in smooth deep waters.  The agile engineering practices keep the engine running smoothly and cleanly.  If you implement agile engineering practices without Scrum, you run the risk of ending up with a great running piece of software that is useful to no one.  On the other hand, implementing cargo-cult Scrum without the agile engineering practices and you end up (especially in a fortune 500 company) being steered in the right direction, but with your development practices coming to a dead halt because you have code that can not keep up with the changes in requirements.   If you are trying to do Scrum, make sure that you hire some agile engineering coaches, or else you may find your deveolpment engines grinding to a dead halt in the middle of the open ocean.

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• Development Approach: User Interface In or Domain Model Out?

  - by Berin Loritsch

  While I've never delivered anything using Smalltalk, my brief time playing with it has definitely left its mark. The only way to describe the experience is MVC the way it was meant to be. Essentially, all the heavy lifting for your application is done in the business objects (or domain model if you are so inclined). The standard controls are bound to the business objects in some way. For example, a text box is mapped to an object's field (the field itself is an object so it's easy to do). A button would mapped to a method. This is all done with a very simple and natural API. We don't have to think about binding objects, etc. It just works. Yet, in many newer languages and APIs you are forced to think from the outside in. First with C++ and MFC, and now with C# and WPF, Microsoft has gotten it's developer world hooked on GUI builders where you build your application by implementing event handlers. Java Swing development isn't so different, only you are writing the code to instantiate the controls on the form yourself. For some projects, there may never even be a domain model--just event handlers. I've been in and around this model for most of my carreer. Each way forces you to think differently. With the Smalltalk approach, your domain is smart while your GUI is dumb. With the default VisualStudio approach, your GUI is smart while your domain model (if it exists) is rather anemic. Many developers that I work with see value in the Smalltalk approach, and try to shoehorn that approach into the VisualStudio environment. WPF has some dynamic binding features that makes it possible; but there are limitations. Inevitably some code that belongs in the domain model ends up in the GUI classes. So, which way do you design/develop your code? Why? GUI first. User interaction is paramount. Domain first. I need to make sure the system is correct before we put a UI on it. There's pros and cons for either approach. Domain model fits in there with crystal cathedrals and pie in the sky. GUI fits in there with quick and dirty (sometimes really dirty). And for an added bonus: How do you make sure the code is maintainable?

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• The term "interface" in C++

  - by Flexo

  Java makes a clear distinction between class and interface. (I believe C# does also, but I have no experience with it). When writing C++ however there is no language enforced distinction between class and interface. Consequently I've always viewed interface as a workaround for the lack of multiple inheritance in Java. Making such a distinction feels arbitrary and meaningless in C++. I've always tended to go with the "write things in the most obvious way" approach, so if in C++ I've got what might be called an interface in Java, e.g.: class Foo { public: virtual void doStuff() = 0; ~Foo() = 0; }; and I then decided that most implementers of Foo wanted to share some common functionality I would probably write: class Foo { public: virtual void doStuff() = 0; ~Foo() {} protected: // If it needs this to do its thing: int internalHelperThing(int); // Or if it doesn't need the this pointer: static int someOtherHelper(int); }; Which then makes this not an interface in the Java sense anymore. Instead C++ has two important concepts, related to the same underlying inheritance problem: virtual inhertiance Classes with no member variables can occupy no extra space when used as a base "Base class subobjects may have zero size" Reference Of those I try to avoid #1 wherever possible - it's rare to encounter a scenario where that genuinely is the "cleanest" design. #2 is however a subtle, but important difference between my understanding of the term "interface" and the C++ language features. As a result of this I currently (almost) never refer to things as "interfaces" in C++ and talk in terms of base classes and their sizes. I would say that in the context of C++ "interface" is a misnomer. It has come to my attention though that not many people make such a distinction. Do I stand to lose anything by allowing (e.g. protected) non-virtual functions to exist within an "interface" in C++? (My feeling is the exactly the opposite - a more natural location for shared code) Is the term "interface" meaningful in C++ - does it imply only pure virtual or would it be fair to call C++ classes with no member variables an interface still?

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• Developing a cloud based app

  - by user134897

  I am a company owner that has developed a cloud based app. My code writer has told me how good he is more than once, well, better stated, he did a good job telling me he was better than everyone else in my rather small community. In the last 18 months I have spent nearly 160,000.00 dollars trying to get this company to the "making money" stage. I am now nearly broke, sitting on the edge of a brilliant marketing plan to launch a much needed cloud based app. We did launch our app last year (late 2013), and the feedback was amazing from the users. One user that signed up to use the free app stated that we needed to call him the moment our company goes public because he wants to be the first to buy stock. Now, here's my problem. We did not originally set out to develop a freemium app, we just sort of ended up there by the natural progression of the app. So, now I have an app that really needs to be scrapped and re-built. Although I do feel my code writer has displayed some brilliance in what he has done, he was extremely weak on graphics and every time we speak he tells me there is a newer better way to code that he is trying to learn. So, here's the million dollar question. Ho do I find code writers that already know the newest, best ways to write code? Or maybe better asked, what is the newest best code writing technique? Second, is it even possible to find code writers that are good at graphics? In short, I am nearly broke and need to start over, but I do not know where to find people qualified to write it good the first time around and display good graphic skills. I am trying to build a team of writers instead of just one person. Maybe 3 good at code and two good at graphics, but I am clueless as to what criteria I should use to determine if I am building the right team members. Please help, I am sure you can tell I am fairly lost by my continued rambling.

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• data validation on wpf passwordbox:type password, re-type password

  - by black sensei

  Hello Experts !! I've built a wpf windows application in with there is a registration form. Using IDataErrorInfo i could successfully bind the field to a class property and with the help of styles display meaningful information about the error to users.About the submit button i use the MultiDataTrigger with conditions (Based on a post here on stackoverflow).All went well. Now i need to do the same for the passwordbox and apparently it's not as straight forward.I found on wpftutorial an article and gave it a try but for some reason it wasn't working. i've tried another one from functionalfun. And in this Functionalfun case the properties(databind,databound) are not recognized as dependencyproperty even after i've changed their name as suggested somewhere in the comments plus i don't have an idea whether it will work for a windows application, since it's designed for web. to give you an idea here is some code on textboxes <Window.Resources> <data:General x:Key="recharge" /> <Style x:Key="validButton" TargetType="{x:Type Button}" BasedOn="{StaticResource {x:Type Button}}" > <Setter Property="IsEnabled" Value="False"/> <Style.Triggers> <MultiDataTrigger> <MultiDataTrigger.Conditions> <Condition Binding="{Binding ElementName=txtRecharge, Path=(Validation.HasError)}" Value="false" /> </MultiDataTrigger.Conditions> <Setter Property="IsEnabled" Value="True" /> </MultiDataTrigger> </Style.Triggers> </Style> <Style x:Key="txtboxerrors" TargetType="{x:Type TextBox}" BasedOn="{StaticResource {x:Type TextBox}}"> <Style.Triggers> <Trigger Property="Validation.HasError" Value="true"> <Setter Property="ToolTip" Value="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}, Path=(Validation.Errors)[0].ErrorContent}"/> <Setter Property="Validation.ErrorTemplate"> <Setter.Value> <ControlTemplate> <DockPanel LastChildFill="True"> <TextBlock DockPanel.Dock="Bottom" FontSize="8" FontWeight="ExtraBold" Foreground="red" Padding="5 0 0 0" Text="{Binding ElementName=showerror, Path=AdornedElement.(Validation.Errors)[0].ErrorContent}"></TextBlock> <Border BorderBrush="Red" BorderThickness="2"> <AdornedElementPlaceholder Name="showerror" /> </Border> </DockPanel> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Trigger> </Style.Triggers> </Style> </Window.Resources> <TextBox Margin="12,69,12,70" Name="txtRecharge" Style="{StaticResource txtboxerrors}"> <TextBox.Text> <Binding Path="Field" Source="{StaticResource recharge}" ValidatesOnDataErrors="True" UpdateSourceTrigger="PropertyChanged"> <Binding.ValidationRules> <ExceptionValidationRule /> </Binding.ValidationRules> </Binding> </TextBox.Text> </TextBox> <Button Height="23" Margin="98,0,0,12" Name="btnRecharge" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Click="btnRecharge_Click" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="75" Style="{StaticResource validButton}">Recharge</Button> some C# : class General : IDataErrorInfo { private string _field; public string this[string columnName] { get { string result = null; if(columnName == "Field") { if(Util.NullOrEmtpyCheck(this._field)) { result = "Field cannot be Empty"; } } return result; } } public string Error { get { return null; } } public string Field { get { return _field; } set { _field = value; } } } So what are suggestion you guys have for me? I mean how would you go about this? how do you do this since the databinding first purpose here is not to load data onto the fields they are just (for now) for data validation. thanks for reading this.

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• Curl, twitter oauth problem

  - by Darxval

  Does anyone see a problem with the following Curl call / how the Oauth request is built? (i am trying to get a correctly setup request so i can finish my app) So i am calling the following CURL call: C:\>curl -v -k --data-urlencode "status=Testing2" -H "Authorization: OAuth realm='', oauth_nonce=1276107867blah, oauth_timestamp=1276107867, oauth_consumer_key=yJDLH7BDdVi1OKIINSV7Q, oauth_signature_method=HMAC-SHA1, oauth_version=1.0, oauth_signature=NWU4MDdlNjk0OGIxYWQ1YTkyNmU5YjU1NGYyOTczMmU5ZDg5 YWNkNA==, staus=Testing2 " http://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml?status=Testing2 and i recieve this: * About to connect() to twitter.com port 80 (#0) * Trying 168.143.162.68... connected * Connected to twitter.com (168.143.162.68) port 80 (#0) > POST /statuses/update.xml?status=Testing2 HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.20.1 (i386-pc-win32) libcurl/7.20.1 OpenSSL/0.9.8n zlib/1.2.5 libidn/1.18 libssh2/1.2.5 > Host: twitter.com > Accept: */* > Authorization: OAuth realm='', oauth_nonce=1276106370blah, oauth_timestamp=1276106370, oauth_consumer_key=yJDLH7BDdVi1OKIINSV7Q, oauth_signature_method=HMAC-SHA1, oauth_version=1.0, oauth_signature=MjQzNDA1MGU4NGRmMWVjMzUwZmQ4YzE5NzMzY2I1ZDJlOTRkNmQ2Zg==, staus=Testing2 > Content-Length: 15 > Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded > < HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized < Date: Wed, 09 Jun 2010 18:00:22 GMT < Server: hi < Status: 401 Unauthorized < WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="Twitter API" < X-Runtime: 0.00548 < Content-Type: application/xml; charset=utf-8 < Content-Length: 164 < Cache-Control: no-cache, max-age=1800 < Set-Cookie: k=209.234.229.21.1276106420885412; path=/; expires=Wed, 16-Jun-10 18:00:20 GMT; domain=.twitter.com < Set-Cookie: guest_id=127610642214871948; path=/; expires=Fri, 09 Jul 2010 18:00:22 GMT < Set-Cookie: _twitter_sess=BAh7CDoPY3JlYXRlZF9hdGwrCIm33h0pAToHaWQiJTkyMjllODE0NTdiYWE1%250AMWU1MzBmNjgwMTFiMDhkYjdlIgpmbGFzaElDOidBY3Rpb25Db250cm9sbGVy%250AOjpGbGFzaDo6Rmxhc2hIYXNoewAGOgpAdXNlZHsA--8ebb3c62d461d28f8fda7b8adab642af66969f7e; domain=.twitter.com; path=/ < Expires: Wed, 09 Jun 2010 18:30:20 GMT < Vary: Accept-Encoding < Connection: close < <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <hash> <request>/statuses/update.xml?status=Testing2</request> <error>Could not authenticate with OAuth.</error> </hash> * Closing connection #0 my Parameters are setup like so: var parameters = [encodeURIComponent("status="+status),encodeURIComponent("oauth_token="+ac_token),encodeURIComponent("oauth_consumer_key="+"yJDLH7BDdVi1OKIINSV7Q"),encodeURIComponent("oauth_nonce="+nonce,"oauth_signature_method=HMAC-SHA1"),encodeURIComponent("oauth_timestamp="+timestamp),encodeURIComponent("oauth_version=1.0")] var join = parameters.join("&"); var eparamjoin =encodeURIComponent(join); The key is like so: var key=con_secret+"&"+ac_secret; Signature base string is: var signaturebs = "POST&"+encodeURIComponent(url)+"&"+eparamjoin; giving this: POST&http%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fstatuses%2Fupdate.xml&status%253DTesting2%26oauth_token%253D142715285-yi2ch324S3zfyKyJby6WDUZOhCsiQuKNUtc3nAGe%26oauth_consumer_key%253DyJDLH7BDdVi1OKIINSV7Q%26oauth_nonce%253D1276107867blah%26oauth_timestamp%253D1276107867%26oauth_version%253D1.0 and signature built like so: var hmac = Crypto.HMAC(Crypto.SHA1, signaturebs,key ); var signature=Base64.encode(hmac); making the signature: NWU4MDdlNjk0OGIxYWQ1YTkyNmU5YjU1NGYyOTczMmU5ZDg5YWNkNA== Any help would be appreciated thank you!

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• dynatree: how can i select child node programmatically

  - by Muhammad Adeel Zahid

  hello everyone i m using jquery's dynaTree in my application and i want to select the all the child nodes programmably when a node is selected. the structure of my tree is as follows <div id = "tree"> <ul> <li>package 1 <ul> <li>module 1.1 <ul> <li> document 1.1.1</li> <li> document 1.1.2</li> </ul> </li> <li>module 1.2 <ul> <li>document 1.2.1</li> <li>document 1.2.2</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> package 2 <ul> <li> module 2.1 <ul> <li>document 2.1.1</li> <li>document 2.1.1</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> now what i want is that when i click on tree node with title "package 1" all its child nodes i.e (module 1.1, document 1.1.1, document 1.1.2, module 1.2, document 1.2.1, document 1.2.2) should also be selected below is the approach i tried to use $("#tree").dynatree({ onSelect: function(flag, dtnode) { // This will happen each time a check box is selected/deselected var selectedNodes = dtnode.tree.getSelectedNodes(); var selectedKeys = $.map(selectedNodes, function(node) { //alert(node.data.key); return node.data.key; }); // Set the hidden input field's value to the selected items $('#SelectedItems').val(selectedKeys.join(",")); if (flag) { child = dtnode.childList; alert(child.length); for (i = 0; i < child.length; i++) { var x = child[i].select(true); alert(i); } } }, checkbox: true, onActivate: function(dtnode) { //alert("You activated " + dtnode.data.key); } }); in the if(flag) condition i get all the child nodes of element that is selected by user and it gives me the correct value that i can see from alert(child.length) statement. then i run the loop to select all the children but loop never goes beyond the statement var x = child[i].select(true); and i can never see the statement alert(i) being executed. the result of above statement is that if i select package 1, module 1.1 and document 1.1.1 is also selected but never does it execute alert(i) statement neither other children of package 1 are selected. in my view when first time child[i].select(true) statement is executed it also triggers the on select event of its children thus making a recursion kind of thing is my thinking correct? no matter recursion or what why on earth does it not complete the loop and execute very next instruction alert(i). please help me in solving this problem. i m dying to see that alert any suggestion and help is highly appriciated thanks Adeel

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• NSURLSession and amazon S3 uploads

  - by George Green

  I have an app which is currently uploading images to amazon S3. I have been trying to switch it from using NSURLConnection to NSURLSession so that the uploads can continue while the app is in the background! I seem to be hitting a bit of an issue. The NSURLRequest is created and passed to the NSURLSession but amazon sends back a 403 - forbidden response, if I pass the same request to a NSURLConnection it uploads the file perfectly. Here is the code that creates the response: NSString *requestURLString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"http://%@.%@/%@/%@", BUCKET_NAME, AWS_HOST, DIRECTORY_NAME, filename]; NSURL *requestURL = [NSURL URLWithString:requestURLString]; NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:requestURL cachePolicy:NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalAndRemoteCacheData timeoutInterval:60.0]; // Configure request [request setHTTPMethod:@"PUT"]; [request setValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.%@", BUCKET_NAME, AWS_HOST] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Host"]; [request setValue:[self formattedDateString] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Date"]; [request setValue:@"public-read" forHTTPHeaderField:@"x-amz-acl"]; [request setHTTPBody:imageData]; And then this signs the response (I think this came from another SO answer): NSString *contentMd5 = [request valueForHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-MD5"]; NSString *contentType = [request valueForHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"]; NSString *timestamp = [request valueForHTTPHeaderField:@"Date"]; if (nil == contentMd5) contentMd5 = @""; if (nil == contentType) contentType = @""; NSMutableString *canonicalizedAmzHeaders = [NSMutableString string]; NSArray *sortedHeaders = [[[request allHTTPHeaderFields] allKeys] sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(caseInsensitiveCompare:)]; for (id key in sortedHeaders) { NSString *keyName = [(NSString *)key lowercaseString]; if ([keyName hasPrefix:@"x-amz-"]){ [canonicalizedAmzHeaders appendFormat:@"%@:%@\n", keyName, [request valueForHTTPHeaderField:(NSString *)key]]; } } NSString *bucket = @""; NSString *path = request.URL.path; NSString *query = request.URL.query; NSString *host = [request valueForHTTPHeaderField:@"Host"]; if (![host isEqualToString:@"s3.amazonaws.com"]) { bucket = [host substringToIndex:[host rangeOfString:@".s3.amazonaws.com"].location]; } NSString* canonicalizedResource; if (nil == path || path.length < 1) { if ( nil == bucket || bucket.length < 1 ) { canonicalizedResource = @"/"; } else { canonicalizedResource = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"/%@/", bucket]; } } else { canonicalizedResource = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"/%@%@", bucket, path]; } if (query != nil && [query length] > 0) { canonicalizedResource = [canonicalizedResource stringByAppendingFormat:@"?%@", query]; } NSString* stringToSign = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\n%@\n%@\n%@\n%@%@", [request HTTPMethod], contentMd5, contentType, timestamp, canonicalizedAmzHeaders, canonicalizedResource]; NSString *signature = [self signatureForString:stringToSign]; [request setValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"AWS %@:%@", self.S3AccessKey, signature] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Authorization"]; Then if I use this line of code: [NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:request delegate:self]; It works and uploads the file, but if I use: NSURLSessionUploadTask *task = [self.session uploadTaskWithRequest:request fromFile:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:filePath]]; [task resume]; I get the forbidden error..!? Has anyone tried uploading to S3 with this and hit similar issues? I wonder if it is to do with the way the session pauses and resumes uploads, or it is doing something funny to the request..? One possible solution would be to upload the file to an interim server that I control and have that forward it to S3 when it is complete... but this is clearly not an ideal solution! Any help is much appreciated!! Thanks!

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• Parsing a JSON Response from a .Net webservice

  - by Maskau

  Just to get this out in the open I am new to JAVA, KSOAP, and JSON. So I'll try to explain this the best I can. A while ago I created a webservice to be consumed by Blackberry Apps that we're built using the plug in for Visual Studio. Now the project I am working on, I want to consume the same webservice for Android devices. For the most part I have the base code for the Android app done and working. Here's my problem: I can successfully call the webservice and get a response. I know from creating the webservice that it sends a JSON response. My problem is trying to parse through the JSON response. I have found a few examples that I have been suiting to my needs however I am hung up on one thing. In the JSON each element is preceeded by "anyType" which is forcing my code to return no results (Ultimately I am binding the data to an ArrayList) Here's what I get if I "getProperty(0).toString()... anyType{Artist=anyType{TrackName=Champagne Supernova;}; Here is the code I am using to parse the JSON Object.... SoapObject gr = (SoapObject)envelope.getResponse(); String ro = gr.getProperty(0).toString(); //Added just to see structure of response Artist_Result.add(gr.toString()); if (ro.startsWith("{")) { JSONObject JSONObj = new JSONObject(ro); Iterator<String> itr = JSONObj.keys(); while (itr.hasNext()) { String key = (String)itr.next(); String value = JSONObj.getString(key); //bundleResult.putString(key, value); Artist_Result.add(value); } } else if (ro.startsWith("[")) { JSONArr = new JSONArray(ro); for (int i = 0; i < JSONArr.length(); i++) { JSONObj = (JSONObject)JSONArr.get(i); //bundleResult.putString(String.valueOf(i), JSONObj.toString()); Artist_Result.add(JSONObj.toString()); } } WebService Code: [WebMethod] [return: System.Xml.Serialization.XmlArrayItemAttribute(typeof(Artist))] public Artist[] GetArtist(string ArtistQuery) { // All the SQL Stuff Here SqlDataReader sReader; sReader = cmd.ExecuteReader(); List<Artist> Artists = new List<Artist>(); while (sReader.Read()) { Artist result = new Artist(); result.TrackName = sReader.GetString(0); Artists.Add(result); } sReader.Close(); sqlConn.Close(); return Artists.ToArray(); } public class Artist { public string TrackName; } Sample of XML Output from a browser: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> - <ArrayOfArtist xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://bb.mcrcog.com/"> - <Artist> <TrackName>Champagne Supernova</TrackName> </Artist> - <Artist> <TrackName>Don't Look Back In Anger</TrackName> </Artist> - <Artist> <TrackName>D'you Know What I Mean</TrackName> </Artist> - <Artist> <TrackName>Go Let It Out</TrackName> </Artist> I have a feeling I will need to implement a Class, and Getters/Setters on the Android side. I'm just not sure how to go about doing that. Any help would be greatly appreciated!

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• How do I sign my certificate using the root certificate

  - by Asif Alam

  I am using certificate based authentication between my server and client. I have generated Root Certificate. My client at the time of installation will generate a new Certificate and use the Root Certificate to sign it. I need to use Windows API. Cannot use any windows tools like makecert. Till now I have been able to Install the Root certificate in store. Below code X509Certificate2 ^ certificate = gcnew X509Certificate2("C:\\rootcert.pfx","test123"); X509Store ^ store = gcnew X509Store( "teststore",StoreLocation::CurrentUser ); store->Open( OpenFlags::ReadWrite ); store->Add( certificate ); store->Close(); Then open the installed root certificate to get the context GetRootCertKeyInfo(){ HCERTSTORE hCertStore; PCCERT_CONTEXT pSignerCertContext=NULL; DWORD dwSize = NULL; CRYPT_KEY_PROV_INFO* pKeyInfo = NULL; DWORD dwKeySpec; if ( !( hCertStore = CertOpenStore(CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM, 0, NULL, CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_CURRENT_USER,L"teststore"))) { _tprintf(_T("Error 0x%x\n"), GetLastError()); } pSignerCertContext = CertFindCertificateInStore(hCertStore,MY_ENCODING_TYPE,0,CERT_FIND_ANY,NULL,NULL); if(NULL == pSignerCertContext) { _tprintf(_T("Error 0x%x\n"), GetLastError()); } if(!(CertGetCertificateContextProperty( pSignerCertContext, CERT_KEY_PROV_INFO_PROP_ID, NULL, &dwSize))) { _tprintf(_T("Error 0x%x\n"), GetLastError()); } if(pKeyInfo) free(pKeyInfo); if(!(pKeyInfo = (CRYPT_KEY_PROV_INFO*)malloc(dwSize))) { _tprintf(_T("Error 0x%x\n"), GetLastError()); } if(!(CertGetCertificateContextProperty( pSignerCertContext, CERT_KEY_PROV_INFO_PROP_ID, pKeyInfo, &dwSize))) { _tprintf(_T("Error 0x%x\n"), GetLastError()); } return pKeyInfo; } Then finally created the certificate and signed with the pKeyInfo // Acquire key container if (!CryptAcquireContext(&hCryptProv, _T("trykeycon"), NULL, PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_MACHINE_KEYSET)) { _tprintf(_T("Error 0x%x\n"), GetLastError()); // Try to create a new key container _tprintf(_T("CryptAcquireContext... ")); if (!CryptAcquireContext(&hCryptProv, _T("trykeycon"), NULL, PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_NEWKEYSET | CRYPT_MACHINE_KEYSET)) { _tprintf(_T("Error 0x%x\n"), GetLastError()); return 0; } else { _tprintf(_T("Success\n")); } } else { _tprintf(_T("Success\n")); } // Generate new key pair _tprintf(_T("CryptGenKey... ")); if (!CryptGenKey(hCryptProv, AT_SIGNATURE, 0x08000000 /*RSA-2048-BIT_KEY*/, &hKey)) { _tprintf(_T("Error 0x%x\n"), GetLastError()); return 0; } else { _tprintf(_T("Success\n")); } //some code CERT_NAME_BLOB SubjectIssuerBlob; memset(&SubjectIssuerBlob, 0, sizeof(SubjectIssuerBlob)); SubjectIssuerBlob.cbData = cbEncoded; SubjectIssuerBlob.pbData = pbEncoded; // Prepare algorithm structure for self-signed certificate CRYPT_ALGORITHM_IDENTIFIER SignatureAlgorithm; memset(&SignatureAlgorithm, 0, sizeof(SignatureAlgorithm)); SignatureAlgorithm.pszObjId = szOID_RSA_SHA1RSA; // Prepare Expiration date for self-signed certificate SYSTEMTIME EndTime; GetSystemTime(&EndTime); EndTime.wYear += 5; // Create self-signed certificate _tprintf(_T("CertCreateSelfSignCertificate... ")); CRYPT_KEY_PROV_INFO* aKeyInfo; aKeyInfo = GetRootCertKeyInfo(); pCertContext = CertCreateSelfSignCertificate(NULL, &SubjectIssuerBlob, 0, aKeyInfo, &SignatureAlgorithm, 0, &EndTime, 0); With the above code I am able to create the certificate but it does not looks be signed by the root certificate. I am unable to figure what I did is right or not.. Any help with be greatly appreciated.. Thanks Asif

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• Marrying Core Animation with OpenGL ES

  - by Ole Begemann

  Edit: I suppose instead of the long explanation below I might also ask: Sending -setNeedsDisplay to an instance of CAEAGLLayer does not cause the layer to redraw (i.e., -drawInContext: is not called). Instead, I get this console message: <GLLayer: 0x4d500b0>: calling -display has no effect. Is there a way around this issue? Can I invoke -drawInContext: when -setNeedsDisplay is called? Long explanation below: I have an OpenGL scene that I would like to animate using Core Animation animations. Following the standard approach to animate custom properties in a CALayer, I created a subclass of CAEAGLLayer and defined a property sceneCenterPoint in it whose value should be animated. My layer also holds a reference to the OpenGL renderer: #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> #import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h> #import "ES2Renderer.h" @interface GLLayer : CAEAGLLayer { ES2Renderer *renderer; } @property (nonatomic, retain) ES2Renderer *renderer; @property (nonatomic, assign) CGPoint sceneCenterPoint; I then declare the property @dynamic to let CA create the accessors, override +needsDisplayForKey: and implement -drawInContext: to pass the current value of the sceneCenterPoint property to the renderer and ask it to render the scene: #import "GLLayer.h" @implementation GLLayer @synthesize renderer; @dynamic sceneCenterPoint; + (BOOL) needsDisplayForKey:(NSString *)key { if ([key isEqualToString:@"sceneCenterPoint"]) { return YES; } else { return [super needsDisplayForKey:key]; } } - (void) drawInContext:(CGContextRef)ctx { self.renderer.centerPoint = self.sceneCenterPoint; [self.renderer render]; } ... (If you have access to the WWDC 2009 session videos, you can review this technique in session 303 ("Animated Drawing")). Now, when I create an explicit animation for the layer on the keyPath @"sceneCenterPoint", Core Animation should calculate the interpolated values for the custom properties and call -drawInContext: for each step of the animation: - (IBAction)animateButtonTapped:(id)sender { CABasicAnimation *animation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"sceneCenterPoint"]; animation.duration = 1.0; animation.fromValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointZero]; animation.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(1.0f, 1.0f)]; [self.glView.layer addAnimation:animation forKey:nil]; } At least that is what would happen for a normal CALayer subclass. When I subclass CAEAGLLayer, I get this output on the console for each step of the animation: 2010-12-21 13:59:22.180 CoreAnimationOpenGL[7496:207] <GLLayer: 0x4e0be20>: calling -display has no effect. 2010-12-21 13:59:22.198 CoreAnimationOpenGL[7496:207] <GLLayer: 0x4e0be20>: calling -display has no effect. 2010-12-21 13:59:22.216 CoreAnimationOpenGL[7496:207] <GLLayer: 0x4e0be20>: calling -display has no effect. 2010-12-21 13:59:22.233 CoreAnimationOpenGL[7496:207] <GLLayer: 0x4e0be20>: calling -display has no effect. ... So it seems that, possibly for performance reasons, for OpenGL layers, -drawInContext: is not getting called because these layers do not use the standard -display method to draw themselves. Can anybody confirm that? Is there a way around it? Or can I not use the technique I laid out above? This would mean I would have to implement the animations manually in the OpenGL renderer (which is possible but not as elegant IMO).

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• Delphi: how to create Firebird database programmatically

  - by Brad

  I'm using D2K9, Zeos 7Alpha, and Firebird 2.1 I had this working before I added the autoinc field. Although I'm not sure I was doing it 100% correctly. I don' know what order to do the SQL code, with the triggers, Generators, etc.. I've tried several combinations, I'm guessing I'm doing something wrong other than just that for this not to work. SQL File From IB Expert : /********************************************/ /* Generated by IBExpert 5/4/2010 3:59:48 PM / /*********************************************/ /********************************************/ /* Following SET SQL DIALECT is just for the Database Comparer / /*********************************************/ SET SQL DIALECT 3; /********************************************/ /* Tables / /*********************************************/ CREATE GENERATOR GEN_EMAIL_ACCOUNTS_ID; CREATE TABLE EMAIL_ACCOUNTS ( ID INTEGER NOT NULL, FNAME VARCHAR(35), LNAME VARCHAR(35), ADDRESS VARCHAR(100), CITY VARCHAR(35), STATE VARCHAR(35), ZIPCODE VARCHAR(20), BDAY DATE, PHONE VARCHAR(20), UNAME VARCHAR(255), PASS VARCHAR(20), EMAIL VARCHAR(255), CREATEDDATE DATE, "ACTIVE" BOOLEAN DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL /* BOOLEAN = SMALLINT CHECK (value is null or value in (0, 1)) /, BANNED BOOLEAN DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL / BOOLEAN = SMALLINT CHECK (value is null or value in (0, 1)) /, "PUBLIC" BOOLEAN DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL / BOOLEAN = SMALLINT CHECK (value is null or value in (0, 1)) */, NOTES BLOB SUB_TYPE 0 SEGMENT SIZE 1024 ); /********************************************/ /* Primary Keys / /*********************************************/ ALTER TABLE EMAIL_ACCOUNTS ADD PRIMARY KEY (ID); /********************************************/ /* Triggers / /*********************************************/ SET TERM ^ ; /********************************************/ /* Triggers for tables / /*********************************************/ /* Trigger: EMAIL_ACCOUNTS_BI */ CREATE OR ALTER TRIGGER EMAIL_ACCOUNTS_BI FOR EMAIL_ACCOUNTS ACTIVE BEFORE INSERT POSITION 0 AS BEGIN IF (NEW.ID IS NULL) THEN NEW.ID = GEN_ID(GEN_EMAIL_ACCOUNTS_ID,1); END ^ SET TERM ; ^ /********************************************/ /* Privileges / /*********************************************/ Triggers: /********************************************/ /* Following SET SQL DIALECT is just for the Database Comparer / /*********************************************/ SET SQL DIALECT 3; CREATE GENERATOR GEN_EMAIL_ACCOUNTS_ID; SET TERM ^ ; CREATE OR ALTER TRIGGER EMAIL_ACCOUNTS_BI FOR EMAIL_ACCOUNTS ACTIVE BEFORE INSERT POSITION 0 AS BEGIN IF (NEW.ID IS NULL) THEN NEW.ID = GEN_ID(GEN_EMAIL_ACCOUNTS_ID,1); END ^ SET TERM ; ^ Generators: CREATE SEQUENCE GEN_EMAIL_ACCOUNTS_ID; ALTER SEQUENCE GEN_EMAIL_ACCOUNTS_ID RESTART WITH 2; /* Old syntax is: CREATE GENERATOR GEN_EMAIL_ACCOUNTS_ID; SET GENERATOR GEN_EMAIL_ACCOUNTS_ID TO 2; */ My Code: procedure TForm2.New1Click(Sender: TObject); var query:string; begin if JvOpenDialog1.Execute then begin ZConnection1.Disconnect; ZConnection1.Database:= jvOpenDialog1.FileName; if not FileExists(ZConnection1.database) then begin ZConnection1.Properties.Add('createnewdatabase=create database '''+ZConnection1.Database+''' user ''sysdba'' password ''masterkey'' page_size 4096 default character set iso8859_2;'); try ZConnection1.Connect; except ShowMessage('Error Connection To Database File'); application.Terminate; end; end else begin ShowMessage('Database File Already Exists.'); exit; end; end; query := 'CREATE DOMAIN BOOLEAN AS SMALLINT CHECK (value is null or value in (0, 1))'; Zconnection1.ExecuteDirect(query); query:='CREATE TABLE EMAIL_ACCOUNTS (ID INTEGER NOT NULL,FNAME VARCHAR(35),LNAME VARCHAR(35),'+ 'ADDRESS VARCHAR(100), CITY VARCHAR(35), STATE VARCHAR(35), ZIPCODE VARCHAR(20),' + 'BDAY DATE, PHONE VARCHAR(20), UNAME VARCHAR(255), PASS VARCHAR(20),' + 'EMAIL VARCHAR(255),CREATEDDATE DATE , '+ '"ACTIVE" BOOLEAN DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,'+ 'BANNED BOOLEAN DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,'+ '"PUBLIC" BOOLEAN DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,' + 'NOTES BLOB SUB_TYPE 0 SEGMENT SIZE 1024)'; //ZConnection.ExecuteDirect('CREATE TABLE NOTES (noteTitle TEXT PRIMARY KEY,noteDate DATE,noteNote TEXT)'); Zconnection1.ExecuteDirect(query); { } query := 'CREATE SEQUENCE GEN_EMAIL_ACCOUNTS_ID;'+ 'ALTER SEQUENCE GEN_EMAIL_ACCOUNTS_ID RESTART WITH 1'; Zconnection1.ExecuteDirect(query); query := 'ALTER TABLE EMAIL_ACCOUNTS ADD PRIMARY KEY (ID)'; Zconnection1.ExecuteDirect(query); query := 'SET TERM ^'; Zconnection1.ExecuteDirect(query); query := 'CREATE OR ALTER TRIGGER EMAIL_ACCOUNTS_BI FOR EMAIL_ACCOUNTS'+ 'ACTIVE BEFORE INSERT POSITION 0'+ 'AS'+ 'BEGIN'+ 'IF (NEW.ID IS NULL) THEN'+ 'NEW.ID = GEN_ID(GEN_EMAIL_ACCOUNTS_ID,1);'+ 'END'+ '^'+ 'SET TERM ; ^'; Zconnection1.ExecuteDirect(query); ZTable1.Active:=true; end;

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• Android 1.5 - 2.1 Search Activity affects Parent Lifecycle

  - by pacoder

  Behavior seems consistent in Android 1.5 to 2.1 Short version is this, it appears that when my (android search facility) search activity is fired from the android QSR due to either a suggestion or search, UNLESS my search activity in turn fires off a VISIBLE activity that is not the parent of the search, the search parents life cycle changes. It will NOT fire onDestroy until I launch a visible activity from it. If I do, onDestroy will fire fine. I need a way to get around this behavior... The long version: We have implemented a SearchSuggestion provider and a Search activity in our application. The one thing about it that is very odd is that if the SearchManager passes control to our custom Search activity, AND that activity does not create a visible Activity the Activity which parented the search does not destroy (onDestroy doesn't run) and it will not until we call a visible Activity from the parent activity. As long as our Search Activity fires off another Activity that gets focus the parent activity will fire onDestroy when I back out of it. The trick is that Activity must have a visual component. I tried to fake it out with a 'pass through' Activity so that my Search Activity could fire off another Intent and bail out but that didn't work either. I have tried setting our SearchActivity to launch singleTop and I also tried setting its noHistory attribute to true, tried setResult(RESULT_OK) in SearchACtivity prior to finish, bunch of other things, nothing is working. This is the chunk of code in our Search Activity onCreate. Couple of notes about it: If Intent is Action_Search (user typed in their own search and didn't pick a suggestion), we display a list of results as our Search Activity is a ListActivity. In this case when the item is picked, the Search Activity closes and our parent Activity does fire onDestroy() when we back out. If Intent is Action_View (user picked a suggestion) when type is "action" we fire off an Intent that creates a new visible Activity. In this case same thing, when we leave that new activity and return to the parent activity, the back key does cause the parent activity to fire onDestroy when leaving. If Intent is Action_View (user picked a suggestion) when type is "pitem" is where the problem lies. It works fine (the method call focuses an item on the parent activity), but when the back button is hit on the parent activity onDestroy is NOT called. IF after this executes I pick an option in the parent activity that fires off another activity and return to the parent then back out it will fire onDestroy() in the parent activity. Note that the "action" intent ends up running the exact same method call as "pitem", it just bring up a new visual Activity first. Also I can take out the method call from "pitem" and just finish() and the behavior is the same, the parent activity doesn't fire onDestroy() when backed out of. if (Intent.ACTION_SEARCH.equals(queryAction)) { this.setContentView(_layoutId); String searchKeywords = queryIntent.getStringExtra(SearchManager.QUERY); init(searchKeywords); } else if(Intent.ACTION_VIEW.equals(queryAction)){ Bundle bundle = queryIntent.getExtras(); String key = queryIntent.getDataString(); String userQuery = bundle.getString(SearchManager.USER_QUERY); String[] keyValues = key.split("-"); if(keyValues.length == 2) { String type = keyValues[0]; String value = keyValues[1]; if(type.equals("action")) { Intent intent = new Intent(this, EventInfoActivity.class); Long longKey = Long.parseLong(value); intent.putExtra("vo_id", longKey); startActivity(intent); finish(); } else if(type.equals("pitem")) { Integer id = Integer.parseInt(value); _application._servicesManager._mapHandlerSelector.selectInfoItem(id); finish(); } } } It just seems like something is being held onto and I can't figure out what it is, in all cases the Search Activity fires onDestroy() when finish() is called so it is definitely going away. If anyone has any suggestions I'd be most appreciative. Thanks, Sean Overby

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• Prevent ListBox from focusing but leave ListBoxItem(s) focusable (wpf)

  - by modosansreves

  Here is what happens: I have a listbox with items. Listbox has focus. Some item (say, 5th) is selected (has a blue background), but has no 'border'. When I press 'Down' key, the focus moves from ListBox to the first ListBoxItem. (What I want is to make 6th item selected, regardless of the 'border') When I navigate using 'Tab', the Listbox never receives the focus again. But when the collection is emptied and filled again, ListBox itself gets focus, pressing 'Down' moves the focus to the item. How to prevent ListBox from gaining focus? P.S. listBox1.SelectedItem is my own class, I don't know how to make ListBoxItem out of it to .Focus() it. EDIT: the code Xaml: <UserControl.Resources> <me:BooleanToVisibilityConverter x:Key="visibilityConverter"/> <me:BooleanToItalicsConverter x:Key="italicsConverter"/> </UserControl.Resources> <ListBox x:Name="lbItems"> <ListBox.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate> <Grid> <ProgressBar HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Visibility="{Binding Path=ShowProgress, Converter={StaticResource visibilityConverter}}" Maximum="1" Margin="4,0,0,0" Value="{Binding Progress}" /> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=VisualName}" FontStyle="{Binding Path=IsFinished, Converter={StaticResource italicsConverter}}" Margin="4" /> </Grid> </DataTemplate> </ListBox.ItemTemplate> <me:OuterItem Name="Regular Folder" IsFinished="True" Exists="True" IsFolder="True"/> <me:OuterItem Name="Regular Item" IsFinished="True" Exists="True"/> <me:OuterItem Name="Yet to be created" IsFinished="False" Exists="False"/> <me:OuterItem Name="Just created" IsFinished="False" Exists="True"/> <me:OuterItem Name="In progress" IsFinished="False" Exists="True" Progress="0.7"/> </ListBox> where OuterItem is: public class OuterItem : IOuterItem { public Guid Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public bool IsFolder { get; set; } public bool IsFinished { get; set; } public bool Exists { get; set; } public double Progress { get; set; } /// Code below is of lesser importance, but anyway /// #region Visualization helper properties public bool ShowProgress { get { return !IsFinished && Exists; } } public string VisualName { get { return IsFolder ? "[ " + Name + " ]" : Name; } } #endregion public override string ToString() { if (IsFinished) return Name; if (!Exists) return " ??? " + Name; return Progress.ToString("0.000 ") + Name; } public static OuterItem Get(IOuterItem item) { return new OuterItem() { Id = item.Id, Name = item.Name, IsFolder = item.IsFolder, IsFinished = item.IsFinished, Exists = item.Exists, Progress = item.Progress }; } } ?onverters are: /// Are of lesser importance too (for understanding), but will be useful if you copy-paste to get it working public class BooleanToItalicsConverter : IValueConverter { public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture) { bool normal = (bool)value; return normal ? FontStyles.Normal : FontStyles.Italic; } public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } public class BooleanToVisibilityConverter : IValueConverter { public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture) { bool exists = (bool)value; return exists ? Visibility.Visible : Visibility.Collapsed; } public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } But most important, is that UserControl.Loaded() has: lbItems.Items.Clear(); lbItems.ItemsSource = fsItems; where fsItems is ObservableCollection<OuterItem>. The usability problem I describe takes place when I Clear() that collection (fsItems) and fill with new items.

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• GAE formpreview

  - by Niklas R

  I'm trying to enable form preview with Google App Engine. Getting the following error message I suspect being mistaken somewhere: ... handler = handler_class() TypeError: __call__() takes at least 2 arguments (1 given) Can you tell what's wrong with my attempt? Here is some of the code. from django.contrib.formtools.preview import FormPreview class AFormPreview(FormPreview): def done(self, request, cleaned_data): # Do something with the cleaned_data, then redirect # to a "success" page. self.response.out.write('Done!') class AForm(djangoforms.ModelForm): text = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea(attrs={'rows':'11','cols':'70','class':'foo'}),label=_("content").capitalize()) def clean(self): cleaned_data = self.clean_data name = cleaned_data.get("name") if not name: raise forms.ValidationError("No name.") # Always return the full collection of cleaned data. return cleaned_data class Meta: model = A fields = ['category','currency','price','title','phonenumber','postaladress','name','text','email'] #change the order ... ('/aformpreview/([^/]*)', AFormPreview(AForm)), UPDATE: Here's a complete app where the preview is not working. Any ideas are most welcome: import cgi from google.appengine.api import users from google.appengine.ext import db from google.appengine.ext import webapp from google.appengine.ext.webapp import template from google.appengine.ext.webapp.util import run_wsgi_app from google.appengine.ext.db import djangoforms class Item(db.Model): name = db.StringProperty() quantity = db.IntegerProperty(default=1) target_price = db.FloatProperty() priority = db.StringProperty(default='Medium',choices=[ 'High', 'Medium', 'Low']) entry_time = db.DateTimeProperty(auto_now_add=True) added_by = db.UserProperty() class ItemForm(djangoforms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Item exclude = ['added_by'] from django.contrib.formtools.preview import FormPreview class ItemFormPreview(FormPreview): def done(self, request, cleaned_data): # Do something with the cleaned_data, then redirect # to a "success" page. return HttpResponseRedirect('/') class MainPage(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): self.response.out.write('<html><body>' '<form method="POST" ' 'action="/">' '<table>') # This generates our shopping list form and writes it in the response self.response.out.write(ItemForm()) self.response.out.write('</table>' '<input type="submit">' '</form></body></html>') def post(self): data = ItemForm(data=self.request.POST) if data.is_valid(): # Save the data, and redirect to the view page entity = data.save(commit=False) entity.added_by = users.get_current_user() entity.put() self.redirect('/items.html') else: # Reprint the form self.response.out.write('<html><body>' '<form method="POST" ' 'action="/">' '<table>') self.response.out.write(data) self.response.out.write('</table>' '<input type="submit">' '</form></body></html>') class ItemPage(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): query = db.GqlQuery("SELECT * FROM Item ORDER BY name") for item in query: self.response.out.write('<a href="/edit?id=%d">Edit</a> - ' % item.key().id()) self.response.out.write("%s - Need to buy %d, cost $%0.2f each<br>" % (item.name, item.quantity, item.target_price)) class EditPage(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): id = int(self.request.get('id')) item = Item.get(db.Key.from_path('Item', id)) self.response.out.write('<html><body>' '<form method="POST" ' 'action="/edit">' '<table>') self.response.out.write(ItemForm(instance=item)) self.response.out.write('</table>' '<input type="hidden" name="_id" value="%s">' '<input type="submit">' '</form></body></html>' % id) def post(self): id = int(self.request.get('_id')) item = Item.get(db.Key.from_path('Item', id)) data = ItemForm(data=self.request.POST, instance=item) if data.is_valid(): # Save the data, and redirect to the view page entity = data.save(commit=False) entity.added_by = users.get_current_user() entity.put() self.redirect('/items.html') else: # Reprint the form self.response.out.write('<html><body>' '<form method="POST" ' 'action="/edit">' '<table>') self.response.out.write(data) self.response.out.write('</table>' '<input type="hidden" name="_id" value="%s">' '<input type="submit">' '</form></body></html>' % id) def main(): application = webapp.WSGIApplication( [('/', MainPage), ('/edit', EditPage), ('/items.html', ItemPage), ('/itemformpreview', ItemFormPreview(ItemForm)), ], debug=True) run_wsgi_app(application)

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• OpenGL antialiasing not working

  - by user146780

  I'v been trying to anti alias with OGL. I found a code chunk that is supposed to do this but I see no antialiasing. I also reset my settings in Nvidia Control Panel but no luck. Does this code in fact antialias the cube? GLboolean polySmooth = GL_TRUE; static void init(void) { glCullFace (GL_BACK); glEnable (GL_CULL_FACE); glBlendFunc (GL_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE, GL_ONE); glClearColor (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0); } #define NFACE 6 #define NVERT 8 void drawCube(GLdouble x0, GLdouble x1, GLdouble y0, GLdouble y1, GLdouble z0, GLdouble z1) { static GLfloat v[8][3]; static GLfloat c[8][4] = { {0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0}, {1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0}, {1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0}, {1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0}, {1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0} }; /* indices of front, top, left, bottom, right, back faces */ static GLubyte indices[NFACE][4] = { {4, 5, 6, 7}, {2, 3, 7, 6}, {0, 4, 7, 3}, {0, 1, 5, 4}, {1, 5, 6, 2}, {0, 3, 2, 1} }; v[0][0] = v[3][0] = v[4][0] = v[7][0] = x0; v[1][0] = v[2][0] = v[5][0] = v[6][0] = x1; v[0][1] = v[1][1] = v[4][1] = v[5][1] = y0; v[2][1] = v[3][1] = v[6][1] = v[7][1] = y1; v[0][2] = v[1][2] = v[2][2] = v[3][2] = z0; v[4][2] = v[5][2] = v[6][2] = v[7][2] = z1; #ifdef GL_VERSION_1_1 glEnableClientState (GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glEnableClientState (GL_COLOR_ARRAY); glVertexPointer (3, GL_FLOAT, 0, v); glColorPointer (4, GL_FLOAT, 0, c); glDrawElements(GL_QUADS, NFACE*4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices); glDisableClientState (GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glDisableClientState (GL_COLOR_ARRAY); #else printf ("If this is GL Version 1.0, "); printf ("vertex arrays are not supported.\n"); exit(1); #endif } /* Note: polygons must be drawn from front to back * for proper blending. */ void display(void) { if (polySmooth) { glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glEnable (GL_BLEND); glEnable (GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH); glDisable (GL_DEPTH_TEST); } else { glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glDisable (GL_BLEND); glDisable (GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH); glEnable (GL_DEPTH_TEST); } glPushMatrix (); glTranslatef (0.0, 0.0, -8.0); glRotatef (30.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0); glRotatef (60.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0); drawCube(-0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5); glPopMatrix (); glFlush (); } void reshape(int w, int h) { glViewport(0, 0, (GLsizei) w, (GLsizei) h); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(30.0, (GLfloat) w/(GLfloat) h, 1.0, 20.0); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); } void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y) { switch (key) { case `t': case `T': polySmooth = !polySmooth; glutPostRedisplay(); break; case 27: exit(0); /* Escape key */ break; default: break; } } int main(int argc, char** argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_ALPHA | GLUT_DEPTH); glutInitWindowSize(200, 200); glutCreateWindow(argv[0]); init (); glutReshapeFunc (reshape); glutKeyboardFunc (keyboard); glutDisplayFunc (display); glutMainLoop(); return 0; } Thanks

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