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  • Speed comparison - Template specialization vs. Virtual Function vs. If-Statement

    - by Person
    Just to get it out of the way... Premature optimization is the root of all evil Make use of OOP etc. I understand. Just looking for some advice regarding the speed of certain operations that I can store in my grey matter for future reference. Say you have an Animation class. An animation can be looped (plays over and over) or not looped (plays once), it may have unique frame times or not, etc. Let's say there are 3 of these "either or" attributes. Note that any method of the Animation class will at most check for one of these (i.e. this isn't a case of a giant branch of if-elseif). Here are some options. 1) Give it boolean members for the attributes given above, and use an if statement to check against them when playing the animation to perform the appropriate action. Problem: Conditional checked every single time the animation is played. 2) Make a base animation class, and derive other animations classes such as LoopedAnimation and AnimationUniqueFrames, etc. Problem: Vtable check upon every call to play the animation given that you have something like a vector<Animation>. Also, making a separate class for all of the possible combinations seems code bloaty. 3) Use template specialization, and specialize those functions that depend on those attributes. Like template<bool looped, bool uniqueFrameTimes> class Animation. Problem: The problem with this is that you couldn't just have a vector<Animation> for something's animations. Could also be bloaty. I'm wondering what kind of speed each of these options offer? I'm particularly interested in the 1st and 2nd option because the 3rd doesn't allow one to iterate through a general container of Animations. In short, what is faster - a vtable fetch or a conditional?

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  • crash when using stl vector at instead of operator[]

    - by Jamie Cook
    I have a method as follows (from a class than implements TBB task interface - not currently multithreading though) My problem is that two ways of accessing a vector are causing quite different behaviour - one works and the other causes the entire program to bomb out quite spectacularly (this is a plugin and normally a crash will be caught by the host - but this one takes out the host program as well! As I said quite spectacular) void PtBranchAndBoundIterationOriginRunner::runOrigin(int origin, int time) const // NOTE: const method { BOOST_FOREACH(int accessMode, m_props->GetAccessModes()) { // get a const reference to appropriate vector from member variable // map<int, vector<double>> m_rowTotalsByAccessMode; const vector<double>& rowTotalsForAccessMode = m_rowTotalsByAccessMode.find(accessMode)->second; if (origin != 129) continue; // Additional debug constrain: I know that the vector only has one non-zero element at index 129 m_job->Write("size: " + ToString(rowTotalsForAccessMode.size())); try { // check for early return... i.e. nothing to do for this origin if (!rowTotalsForAccessMode[origin]) continue; // <- this works if (!rowTotalsForAccessMode.at(origin)) continue; // <- this crashes } catch (...) { m_job->Write("Caught an exception"); // but its not an exception } // do some other stuff } } I hate not putting in well defined questions but at the moment my best phrasing is : "WTF?" I'm compiling this with Intel C++ 11.0.074 [IA-32] using Microsoft (R) Visual Studio Version 9.0.21022.8 and my implementation of vector has const_reference operator[](size_type _Pos) const { // subscript nonmutable sequence #if _HAS_ITERATOR_DEBUGGING if (size() <= _Pos) { _DEBUG_ERROR("vector subscript out of range"); _SCL_SECURE_OUT_OF_RANGE; } #endif /* _HAS_ITERATOR_DEBUGGING */ _SCL_SECURE_VALIDATE_RANGE(_Pos < size()); return (*(_Myfirst + _Pos)); } (Iterator debugging is off - I'm pretty sure) and const_reference at(size_type _Pos) const { // subscript nonmutable sequence with checking if (size() <= _Pos) _Xran(); return (*(begin() + _Pos)); } So the only difference I can see is that at calls begin instead of simply using _Myfirst - but how could that possibly be causing such a huge difference in behaviour?

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  • Program always returns binary '>>' : no operator found which takes a left-hand operand of type error

    - by Tom Ward
    So I've been set a task to create a temperature converter in C++ using this equation: Celsius = (5/9)*(Fahrenheit – 32) and so far I've come up with this (I've cut out the 10 lines worth of comments from the start so the code posted begins on line 11, if that makes any sense) #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <iomanip> #include <cmath> using namespace std; int main () { float celsius; float farenheit; std::cout << "**************************" << endl; std::cout << "*4001COMP-Lab5-Question 1*" << endl; std::cout << "**************************" << endl << endl; std::cout << "Please enter a temperature in farenheit: "; std::cin >> farenheit >> endl; std::cout << "Temperature (farenheit): " << endl; std::cout << "Temperature (celsius): " << celsius << endl; std::cin.get(); return 0; } Everytime I try to run this program I get a heap of errors with this one appearing every time: 1m:\visual studio 2010\projects\week 5\week 5\main.cpp(26): error C2678: binary '' : no operator found which takes a left-hand operand of type 'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits' (or there is no acceptable conversion) I've tried everything I can think of to get rid of this error but it reappears every time, any idea on how to fix this?

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  • IS operator behaving a bit strangely

    - by flockofcode
    1) According to my book, IS operator can check whether expression E (E is type) can be converted to the target type only if E is either a reference conversion, boxing or unboxing. Since in the following example IS doesn’t check for either of the three types of conversion, the code shouldn’t work, but it does: int i=100; if (i is long) //returns true, indicating that conversion is possible l = i; 2) a) B b; A a = new A(); if (a is B) b = (B)a; int i = b.l; class A { public int l = 100; } class B:A { } The above code always causes compile time error “Use of unassigned variable”. If condition a is B evaluates to false, then b won’t be assigned a value, but if condition is true, then it will. And thus by allowing such a code compiler would have no way of knowing whether the usage of b in code following the if statement is valid or not ( due to not knowing whether a is b evaluates to true or false) , but why should it know that? Intsead why couldn’t runtime handle this? b) But if instead we’re dealing with non reference types, then compiler doesn’t complain, even though the code is identical.Why? int i = 100; long l; if (i is long) l = i; thank you

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  • LINQ Except operator and object equality

    - by Abhijeet Patel
    Here is an interesting issue I noticed when using the Except Operator: I have list of users from which I want to exclude some users: The list of users is coming from an XML file: The code goes like this: interface IUser { int ID { get; set; } string Name { get; set; } } class User: IUser { #region IUser Members public int ID { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } #endregion public override string ToString() { return ID + ":" +Name; } public static IEnumerable<IUser> GetMatchingUsers(IEnumerable<IUser> users) { IEnumerable<IUser> localList = new List<User> { new User{ ID=4, Name="James"}, new User{ ID=5, Name="Tom"} }.OfType<IUser>(); var matches = from u in users join lu in localList on u.ID equals lu.ID select u; return matches; } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { XDocument doc = XDocument.Load("Users.xml"); IEnumerable<IUser> users = doc.Element("Users").Elements("User").Select (u => new User { ID = (int)u.Attribute("id"), Name = (string)u.Attribute("name") } ).OfType<IUser>(); //still a query, objects have not been materialized var matches = User.GetMatchingUsers(users); var excludes = users.Except(matches); // excludes should contain 6 users but here it contains 8 users } } When I call User.GetMatchingUsers(users) I get 2 matches as expected. The issue is that when I call users.Except(matches) The matching users are not being excluded at all! I am expecting 6 users ut "excludes" contains all 8 users instead. Since all I'm doing in GetMatchingUsers(IEnumerable users) is taking the IEnumerable and just returning the IUsers whose ID's match( 2 IUsers in this case), my understanding is that by default "Except" will use reference equality for comparing the objects to be excluded. Is this not how "Except" behaves? What is even more interesting is that if I materialize the objects using .ToList() and then get the matching users, and call "Except", everything works as expected! Like so: IEnumerable users = doc.Element("Users").Elements("User").Select (u = new User { ID = (int)u.Attribute("id"), Name = (string)u.Attribute("name") } ).OfType().ToList(); //explicity materializing all objects by calling ToList() var matches = User.GetMatchingUsers(users); var excludes = users.Except(matches); // excludes now contains 6 users as expected I don't see why I should need to materialize objects for calling "Except" given that its defined on IEnumerable? Any suggesstions / insights would be much appreciated.

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  • Confusion over C++ new operator and classes

    - by Nils
    Hi all I created a simple class in C++ which has a private dynamic array. In the constructor I initialize the array using new and in the destructor I free it using delete. When I instantiate the class using Class a = Class(..); it works as expected, however it seems I cannot instantiate it using the new operator (Like Class *a = new Class(..);), I always get a segmentation fault. What I don't understand is when I should use new to instantiate a class and when just call the constructor or should it be possible to instantiate a class either with new or by just calling the constructor. float** A = new float*[3]; for (int i=0; i<3; i++) { A[i] = new float[3]; } A[0][0] = 3; A[0][1] = 3; A[0][2] = 4; A[1][0] = 5; A[1][1] = 6; A[1][2] = 7; A[2][0] = 1; A[2][1] = 2; A[2][2] = 3; Matrix *M = new Matrix(A, 3, 3); delete[] A; delete M; Below the class definition.. class Matrix { private: int width; int height; int stride; float* elements; public: Matrix(float** a, int n, int m); ~Matrix(); }; Matrix::Matrix(float** a, int n, int m) { // n: num rows // m: elem per rows elements = new float[n*m]; for (int i=0; i<n; i++) { for (int j=0; j<m; j++) { elements[i*n + j] = a[n][m]; } } } Matrix::~Matrix() { delete[] elements; }

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  • trying to make a simple grid-class, non-lvalue in assignment

    - by Tyrfing
    I'm implementing a simple C++ grid class. One Function it should support is accessed through round brackets, so that I can access the elements by writing mygrid(0,0). I overloaded the () operator and i am getting the error message: "non-lvalue in assignment". what I want to be able to do: //main cGrid<cA*> grid(5, 5); grid(0,0) = new cA(); excerpt of my implementation of the grid class: template class cGrid { private: T* data; int mWidth; int mHeight; public: cGrid(int width, int height) : mWidth(width), mHeight(height) { data = new T[width*height]; } ~cGrid() { delete data; } T operator ()(int x, int y) { if (x >= 0 && x <= mWidth) { if (y >= 0 && y <= mHeight) { return data[x + y * mWidth]; } } } const T &operator ()(int x, int y) const { if (x >= 0 && x <= mWidth) { if (y >= 0 && y <= mHeight) { return data[x + y * mWidth]; } } } The rest of the code deals with the implementation of an iterator and should not be releveant.

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  • Why does this cast to Base class in virtual function give a segmentation fault?

    - by dehmann
    I want to print out a derived class using the operator<<. When I print the derived class, I want to first print its base and then its own content. But I ran into some trouble (see segfault below): class Base { public: friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Base&); virtual void Print(std::ostream& out) const { out << "BASE!"; } }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Base& b) { b.Print(out); return out; } class Derived : public Base { public: virtual void Print(std::ostream& out) const { out << "My base: "; //((const Base*)this)->Print(out); // infinite, calls this fct recursively //((Base*)this)->Print(out); // segfault (from infinite loop?) ((Base)*this).Print(out); // OK out << " ... and myself."; } }; int main(int argc, char** argv){ Derived d; std::cout << d; return 0; } Why can't I cast in one of these ways? ((const Base*)this)->Print(out); // infinite, calls this fct recursively ((Base*)this)->Print(out); // segfault (from infinite loop?)

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  • What am i doing wrong

    - by Erik Sapir
    I have the following code. I need B class to have a min priority queue of AToTime objects. AToTime have operator, and yet i receive error telling me than there is no operator matching the operands... #include <queue> #include <functional> using namespace std; class B{ //public functions public: B(); virtual ~B(); //private members private: log4cxx::LoggerPtr m_logger; class AToTime { //public functions public: AToTime(const ACE_Time_Value& time, const APtr a) : m_time(time), m_a(a){} bool operator >(const AToTime& other) { return m_time > other.m_time; } //public members - no point using any private members here public: ACE_Time_Value m_time; APtr m_a; }; priority_queue<AToTime, vector<AToTime>, greater<AToTime> > m_myMinHeap; };

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  • User Defined Conversions in C++

    - by wash
    Recently, I was browsing through my copy of the C++ Pocket Reference from O'Reilly Media, and I was surprised when I came across a brief section and example regarding user-defined conversion for user-defined types: #include <iostream> class account { private: double balance; public: account (double b) { balance = b; } operator double (void) { return balance; } }; int main (void) { account acc(100.0); double balance = acc; std::cout << balance << std::endl; return 0; } I've been programming in C++ for awhile, and this is the first time I've ever seen this sort of operator overloading. The book's description of this subject is somewhat brief, leaving me with a few unanswered questions about this feature: Is this a particularly obscure feature? As I said, I've been programming in C++ for awhile and this is the first time I've ever come across this. I haven't had much luck finding more in-depth material regarding this. Is this relatively portable? (I'm compiling on GCC 4.1) Can user-defined conversions to user defined types be done? e.g. operator std::string () { /* code */ }

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  • Managing a log stream in C++ in a cout-like notation

    - by Andry
    Hello! I have a class in c++ in order to write log files for an application of mine. I have already built the class and it works, it is something like this: class Logger { std::string _filename; public: void print(std::string tobeprinted); } Well, it is intuitive that, in order to print a line in the log file, for an object of Logger, it is simply necessary to do the following: Logger mylogger("myfile.log"); mylogger.print(std::string("This is a log line")); Well. Using a method approach is not the same as using a much better pattern like << is. I would like to do the following: Logger mylogger("myfile.log"); mylogger << "This is a log line"; That's all. I suppose I must overload the << operator... But overloading using this signature (the classic one): ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, const MyObj& o); But I do not have a ostream... So, should I do as follows? Logger& operator<<(Logger& output, const std::string& o); Is this the right way? Thanks

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  • Control statements in Haskell?

    - by Nathan
    I am just beginning Haskell, but from all the online tutorials I've found I can't seem to find if there is one accepted way to do a conditional control statement. I have seen if-else, guards, and pattern matching, but they all seem to accomplish the same thing. Is there one generally accepted/faster/more efficient way than the rest?

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  • How to write a contains statement to match a member of a class?

    - by afuzzyllama
    If I have the following structure: Public Class UserData Public ID As String Public Name As String End Class How can I select it in a conditional like this? Dim myUsers As New List(Of UserData) If myUsers.Contains(.ID = "1") = True Then ... I know that myUsers.Contains(.ID = "1") is totally wrong, but I am curious how to do something like that? Is it possible? Is this a job for LINQ?

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  • [jQuery] Form Conditions

    - by Nimbuz
    I have a form that has several conditional form elements. For example If x is selected in dropdown a, show/hide textfield a etc.. Is there a plugin for it or do I have to write those conditions manually? Thanks for your help!

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  • Who can give me a link for the operator= of vector in MSDN?

    - by 8888q8888
    Who can give me a link for the operator= of vector in MSDN? Why I can only find operator[]? If operator= is just something default, like copy everything in A to B, how this following code works? vector<double> v(100,1); v = vector<double>(200,2); // if operator= is just a trivail version, how to make sure the old v get cleared?

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  • Conditionally Rewrite Email Headers (From & Reply-To) Exchange 2010

    - by NorthVandea
    I have a client who maintains Company A (with email addresses %username%@companyA.com) and they own the domain companyB.com however there is no "infrastructure" (no Exchange server) set up specifically for companyB.com. My client needs to be able to have the end users within it's company (companyA.com) add a specific word or phrase to the Subject (or Body) line of the Outgoing email (they are only concerned with outgoing, incoming is a non-issue in this case) that triggers the Exchange 2010 servers to rewrite the header From and Reply-To [email protected] with [email protected] but this re-write should ONLY occur if the user places the key word/phrase in the Subject (or Body). I have attempted using Transport Rules and the New-AddressRewriteEntry cmdlet however each seems to have a limitation. From what I can tell Transport Rules cannot re-write the From/Reply-To fields and New-AddressRewriteEntry cannot be conditionally triggered based on message content. So to recap: User sends email outside the organization: From and Reply-To remain [email protected] User sends email outside the organization WITH "KeyWord" in the Subject or Body: From and Reply-To change to [email protected] automatically. Anyone know how this could be done WITHOUT coding a new Mail Agent? I don't have the programming knowledge to code a custom Agent... I can use any function of Exchange Management Shell or Console. Alternatively if anyone knows of a simple add-on program that could do this that would be good too. Any help would be greatly appreciated! Thank you!!!

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  • Solaris syslog.conf. What are root and operator?

    - by cjavapro
    In /etc/syslog.conf #ident "@(#)syslog.conf 1.5 98/12/14 SMI" /* SunOS 5.0 */ # # Copyright (c) 1991-1998 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. # All rights reserved. # # syslog configuration file. # # This file is processed by m4 so be careful to quote (`') names # that match m4 reserved words. Also, within ifdef's, arguments # containing commas must be quoted. # *.err;kern.notice;auth.notice /dev/sysmsg *.err;kern.debug;daemon.notice;mail.crit /var/adm/messages *.alert;kern.err;daemon.err operator *.alert root *.emerg * # if a non-loghost machine chooses to have authentication messages # sent to the loghost machine, un-comment out the following line: #auth.notice ifdef(`LOGHOST', /var/log/authlog, @loghost) mail.debug ifdef(`LOGHOST', /var/log/syslog, @loghost) # # non-loghost machines will use the following lines to cause "user" # log messages to be logged locally. # ifdef(`LOGHOST', , user.err /dev/sysmsg user.err /var/adm/messages user.alert `root, operator' user.emerg * ) I googled some and it seems that root and operator mean email to root and to operator. Is this correct?

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  • Make `mount` choose a device

    - by o_O Tync
    I have a mount point — let it be /media/question — and two possible devices: a physical HDD and a remote NFS folder. Sometimes I plug the device in physically, in other cases I mount it via NFS. Is there a way to specify both of them in fstab so that executing mount /media/question will preferably choose physical volume, and when it's not available — NFS?

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  • Colour table cells in Microsoft Word after mail merge

    - by James
    I have an Excel spreadsheet of student data. For each of 30 topics, students are traffic lighted R, A or G (for red, amber, green) in the spreadsheet. I am mail merging individual result print-outs in Word 2010. However, rather than printing the letter R/A/G next to each topic, I would rather change the background colour of the cell to that colour. How can I do this? Is there an option with merge fields or can it be done with a macro (please provide sample code if so - I don't have experience with macros!)

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  • How to change row color based on a single cell's value?

    - by flyfisher
    I have a spreadsheet where I have cell within a row that will contain specific text via data validation. So for instance a cell could contain the text "Due in 7 Days", "Past Due", or "Closed". I want the row color to change depending on the text that appears in the cell. So if the text "Past Due" appears in the cell I want that entire row to turn red, if "Due In 7 Days" appears the row should turn yellow, and if "Closed" the row would turn gray. How can I do that?

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  • Do something by operator dial specified number in Asterisk?

    - by Rev
    I want to make ability for Asterisk phone Operators to able do something like this: While operator talking to caller, if Operator dial specified number like 244 (or something like that but not Sip-Userid's), do something (like play sound for caller or etc) for that call. So, Is this possible? Is need to change dialplan? ¦¦¦¦¦ I found this. in first paragraph it's say someething like: if operator dial exten go voiceMail.

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  • Unary NOT/Integersize of the architecture

    - by sid_com
    From "Mastering Perl/Chapter 16/Bit Operators/Unary NOT,~": The unary NOT operator (sometimes called the complement operator), ~, returns the bitwise negation, or 1's complement, of the value, based on integer size of the architecture Why does the following script output two different values? #!/usr/local/bin/perl use warnings; use 5.012; use Config; my $int_size = $Config{intsize} * 8; my $value = 0b1111_1111; my $complement = ~ $value; say length sprintf "%${int_size}b", $value; say length sprintf "%${int_size}b", $complement; Output: 32 64

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