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• Apt-Get Update: failure to fetch; can't connect to any sources

  - by weberc2

  I realize there are dozens of "apt-get update: failure to fetch" questions (I read through all I could find), but my present circumstance is unique to 12.04 and it affects all sources; not just launchpad. Additionally, I've tried several different servers in Europe and the U.S. as well as the "main server" (wherever that is) and they all yield the same result: I can't connect to any software sources. Additionally, I'm fairly certain the problem stems from the upgrade from 11.10-12.04 I performed this morning, as updates worked immediately before. Updates from the Update Manager worked fine and I could download some things (mutter) from the Software Center without incident, which makes me think I can connect to some subset of the Ubuntu servers (however, several other Ubuntu servers--like extras--and some canonical servers are listed as 'unable to connect'). Here is the output from sudo apt-get update: sudo apt-get update Ign http://ftp.u-picardie.fr precise InRelease Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise InRelease Ign http://ftp.u-picardie.fr precise-updates InRelease Ign http://ftp.u-picardie.fr precise-backports InRelease Err http://ftp.u-picardie.fr precise-security InRelease Err http://ftp.u-picardie.fr precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ftp.u-picardie.fr:http: Err http://ftp.u-picardie.fr precise-updates Release.gpg Unable to connect to ftp.u-picardie.fr:http: Err http://ftp.u-picardie.fr precise-backports Release.gpg Unable to connect to ftp.u-picardie.fr:http: Err http://ftp.u-picardie.fr precise-security Release.gpg Unable to connect to ftp.u-picardie.fr:http: Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise Release.gpg Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise Release Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner i386 Packages Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner TranslationIndex Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease Err http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner Translation-en_US Unable to connect to archive.canonical.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.150 80] Err http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner Translation-en Unable to connect to archive.canonical.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.150 80] Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise InRelease Get:1 http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg [198 B] Err http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg Could not connect to extras.ubuntu.com:80 (91.189.88.33). - connect (111: Connection refused) Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Get:2 http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg [198 B] Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: Get:3 http://dl.google.com stable Release [1,347 B] Get:4 http://dl.google.com stable Release [1,347 B] Get:5 http://dl.google.com stable/main i386 Packages [1,268 B] Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main TranslationIndex Get:6 http://dl.google.com stable/main i386 Packages [769 B] Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main TranslationIndex Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en_US Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en_US Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en Fetched 5,127 B in 7s (673 B/s) Reading package lists... Done W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/elementary-os/stable/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/elementaryart/elementary-dev/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/midori/ppa/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/nemequ/sqlheavy/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/ricotz/docky/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/sgringwe/beatbox/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/y-ppa-manager/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/yorba/ppa/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ftp.u-picardie.fr:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/dists/precise-updates/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ftp.u-picardie.fr:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ftp.u-picardie.fr:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ftp.u-picardie.fr:http: W: Failed to fetch http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/partner/i18n/Translation-en_US Unable to connect to archive.canonical.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.150 80] W: Failed to fetch http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/partner/i18n/Translation-en Unable to connect to archive.canonical.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.150 80] W: Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Could not connect to extras.ubuntu.com:80 (91.189.88.33). - connect (111: Connection refused) W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/caffeine-developers/ppa/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/elementary-os/stable/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/elementaryart/elementary-dev/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/midori/ppa/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/nemequ/sqlheavy/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/ricotz/docky/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/sgringwe/beatbox/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/y-ppa-manager/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/yorba/ppa/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead. W: Duplicate sources.list entry http://ppa.launchpad.net/nemequ/sqlheavy/ubuntu/ precise/main i386 Packages (/var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_nemequ_sqlheavy_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_binary-i386_Packages) W: Duplicate sources.list entry http://ppa.launchpad.net/sgringwe/beatbox/ubuntu/ precise/main i386 Packages (/var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_sgringwe_beatbox_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_binary-i386_Packages) Contents of /etc/apt/sources.list: # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 11.10 _Oneiric Ocelot_ - Release i386 (20111012)]/ oneiric main restricted deb-src http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise main restricted #Added by software-properties # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise main restricted deb-src http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise multiverse universe #Added by software-properties ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted deb-src http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-updates restricted main multiverse universe #Added by software-properties ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise universe deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise multiverse deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted deb-src http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-security restricted main multiverse universe #Added by software-properties deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-security universe deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-security multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users. # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu oneiric partner # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu oneiric partner ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party ## developers who want to ship their latest software. deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main Testing Alternate sources.list file These are the steps I followed to produce the following output: Please backup your sources.list: sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup and then replace the contents of /etc/apt/sources.list with the below lines and run apt-get update: deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main Output: someone@someone-UBook:~$ sudo apt-get update Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise InRelease Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise Release.gpg Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise Release Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com precise InRelease Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise InRelease Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates InRelease Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner i386 Packages Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports InRelease Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner TranslationIndex Err http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner Translation-en_US Unable to connect to archive.canonical.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.150 80] Err http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner Translation-en Unable to connect to archive.canonical.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.150 80] Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg [198 B] Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease Err http://dl.google.com stable InRelease Err http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg Unable to connect to dl.google.com:http: [IP: 173.194.34.38 80] Err http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg Unable to connect to dl.google.com:http: [IP: 173.194.34.38 80] Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release.gpg [198 B] Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main i386 Packages Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release.gpg [198 B] Ign http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security InRelease Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main TranslationIndex Err http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en_US Unable to connect to extras.ubuntu.com:http: Err http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en Unable to connect to extras.ubuntu.com:http: Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security Release.gpg [198 B] Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise Release [49.6 kB] Get:6 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security Release [49.6 kB] Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release [49.6 kB] Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release [49.6 kB] Get:9 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main i386 Packages [32.9 kB] Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/main i386 Packages [1,274 kB] Get:11 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted i386 Packages [14 B] Get:12 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe i386 Packages [8,594 B] Get:13 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse i386 Packages [1,393 B] Get:14 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main TranslationIndex [73 B] Get:15 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse TranslationIndex [71 B] Get:16 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted TranslationIndex [70 B] Get:17 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe TranslationIndex [72 B] Get:18 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main Translation-en [13.6 kB] Get:19 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse Translation-en [587 B] Get:20 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted Translation-en [14 B] Get:21 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe Translation-en [6,261 B] Get:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted i386 Packages [8,431 B] Get:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe i386 Packages [4,796 kB] Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Get:24 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg [316 B] Get:25 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg [316 B] Get:26 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg [316 B] Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Get:27 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg [316 B] Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Get:28 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg [316 B] Get:29 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg [316 B] Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Get:30 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg [316 B] Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Get:31 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release [11.9 kB] Get:32 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release [11.9 kB] Get:33 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse i386 Packages [121 kB] Get:34 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release [11.9 kB] Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release Get:35 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release [11.9 kB] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/main TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse TranslationIndex Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted TranslationIndex Get:36 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release [11.9 kB] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe TranslationIndex Get:37 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release [11.9 kB] Get:38 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main i386 Packages [96.5 kB] Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release Get:39 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release [11.9 kB] Get:40 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted i386 Packages [770 B] Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release Get:41 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe i386 Packages [27.7 kB] Get:42 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources [524 B] Get:43 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse i386 Packages [1,393 B] Get:44 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages [507 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main TranslationIndex Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted TranslationIndex Get:45 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources [932 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe TranslationIndex Get:46 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages [1,017 B] Get:47 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main i386 Packages [559 B] Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Get:48 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted i386 Packages [14 B] Get:49 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe i386 Packages [1,391 B] Get:50 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources [1,402 B] Get:51 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse i386 Packages [14 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main TranslationIndex Get:52 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages [1,605 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse TranslationIndex Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse Translation-en Get:53 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources [931 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted Translation-en Get:54 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages [1,079 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main Translation-en Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse Translation-en Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe Translation-en Get:55 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources [3,611 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main Translation-en Get:56 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages [2,468 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted Translation-en Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe Translation-en Get:57 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources [1,524 B] Get:58 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages [2,719 B] Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Get:59 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources [1,052 B] Get:60 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages [1,388 B] Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Get:61 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources [1,185 B] Get:62 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages [1,698 B] Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources 404 Not Found Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages 404 Not Found Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Fetched 6,699 kB in 15s (445 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done W: Failed to fetch http://dl.google.com/linux/talkplugin/deb/dists/stable/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/partner/i18n/Translation-en_US Unable to connect to archive.canonical.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.150 80] W: Failed to fetch http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/partner/i18n/Translation-en Unable to connect to archive.canonical.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.150 80] W: Failed to fetch http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/dists/sta

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• 12.04: Apt-Get Update: failure to fetch; can't connect to any sources

  - by weberc2

  I realize there are dozens of "apt-get update: failure to fetch" questions (I read through all I could find), but my present circumstance is unique to 12.04 and it affects all sources; not just launchpad. Additionally, I've tried several different servers in Europe and the U.S. as well as the "main server" (wherever that is) and they all yield the same result: I can't connect to any software sources. Additionally, I'm fairly certain the problem stems from the upgrade from 11.10-12.04 I performed this morning, as updates worked immediately before. Updates from the Update Manager worked fine and I could download some things (mutter) from the Software Center without incident, which makes me think I can connect to some subset of the Ubuntu servers (however, several other Ubuntu servers--like extras--and some canonical servers are listed as 'unable to connect'). Here is the output from sudo apt-get update: sudo apt-get update Ign http://ftp.u-picardie.fr precise InRelease Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise InRelease Ign http://ftp.u-picardie.fr precise-updates InRelease Ign http://ftp.u-picardie.fr precise-backports InRelease Err http://ftp.u-picardie.fr precise-security InRelease Err http://ftp.u-picardie.fr precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ftp.u-picardie.fr:http: Err http://ftp.u-picardie.fr precise-updates Release.gpg Unable to connect to ftp.u-picardie.fr:http: Err http://ftp.u-picardie.fr precise-backports Release.gpg Unable to connect to ftp.u-picardie.fr:http: Err http://ftp.u-picardie.fr precise-security Release.gpg Unable to connect to ftp.u-picardie.fr:http: Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise Release.gpg Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise Release Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner i386 Packages Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner TranslationIndex Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease Err http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner Translation-en_US Unable to connect to archive.canonical.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.150 80] Err http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner Translation-en Unable to connect to archive.canonical.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.150 80] Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise InRelease Get:1 http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg [198 B] Err http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg Could not connect to extras.ubuntu.com:80 (91.189.88.33). - connect (111: Connection refused) Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Get:2 http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg [198 B] Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: Get:3 http://dl.google.com stable Release [1,347 B] Get:4 http://dl.google.com stable Release [1,347 B] Get:5 http://dl.google.com stable/main i386 Packages [1,268 B] Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main TranslationIndex Get:6 http://dl.google.com stable/main i386 Packages [769 B] Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main TranslationIndex Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en_US Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en_US Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en Fetched 5,127 B in 7s (673 B/s) Reading package lists... Done W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/elementary-os/stable/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/elementaryart/elementary-dev/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/midori/ppa/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/nemequ/sqlheavy/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/ricotz/docky/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/sgringwe/beatbox/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/y-ppa-manager/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/yorba/ppa/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ftp.u-picardie.fr:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/dists/precise-updates/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ftp.u-picardie.fr:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ftp.u-picardie.fr:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ftp.u-picardie.fr:http: W: Failed to fetch http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/partner/i18n/Translation-en_US Unable to connect to archive.canonical.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.150 80] W: Failed to fetch http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/partner/i18n/Translation-en Unable to connect to archive.canonical.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.150 80] W: Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Could not connect to extras.ubuntu.com:80 (91.189.88.33). - connect (111: Connection refused) W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/caffeine-developers/ppa/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/elementary-os/stable/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/elementaryart/elementary-dev/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/midori/ppa/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/nemequ/sqlheavy/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/ricotz/docky/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/sgringwe/beatbox/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/y-ppa-manager/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/yorba/ppa/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg Unable to connect to ppa.launchpad.net:http: W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead. W: Duplicate sources.list entry http://ppa.launchpad.net/nemequ/sqlheavy/ubuntu/ precise/main i386 Packages (/var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_nemequ_sqlheavy_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_binary-i386_Packages) W: Duplicate sources.list entry http://ppa.launchpad.net/sgringwe/beatbox/ubuntu/ precise/main i386 Packages (/var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_sgringwe_beatbox_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_binary-i386_Packages) Contents of /etc/apt/sources.list: # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 11.10 _Oneiric Ocelot_ - Release i386 (20111012)]/ oneiric main restricted deb-src http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise main restricted #Added by software-properties # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise main restricted deb-src http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise multiverse universe #Added by software-properties ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted deb-src http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-updates restricted main multiverse universe #Added by software-properties ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise universe deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise multiverse deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted deb-src http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-security restricted main multiverse universe #Added by software-properties deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-security universe deb http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/ubuntu/ubuntu/ precise-security multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users. # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu oneiric partner # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu oneiric partner ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party ## developers who want to ship their latest software. deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main Testing Alternate sources.list file These are the steps I followed to produce the following output: Please backup your sources.list: sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup and then replace the contents of /etc/apt/sources.list with the below lines and run apt-get update: deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main Output: someone@someone-UBook:~$ sudo apt-get update Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise InRelease Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise Release.gpg Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise Release Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com precise InRelease Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise InRelease Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates InRelease Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner i386 Packages Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports InRelease Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner TranslationIndex Err http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner Translation-en_US Unable to connect to archive.canonical.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.150 80] Err http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner Translation-en Unable to connect to archive.canonical.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.150 80] Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg [198 B] Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease Err http://dl.google.com stable InRelease Err http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg Unable to connect to dl.google.com:http: [IP: 173.194.34.38 80] Err http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg Unable to connect to dl.google.com:http: [IP: 173.194.34.38 80] Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release.gpg [198 B] Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main i386 Packages Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release.gpg [198 B] Ign http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security InRelease Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main TranslationIndex Err http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en_US Unable to connect to extras.ubuntu.com:http: Err http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en Unable to connect to extras.ubuntu.com:http: Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security Release.gpg [198 B] Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise Release [49.6 kB] Get:6 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security Release [49.6 kB] Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release [49.6 kB] Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release [49.6 kB] Get:9 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main i386 Packages [32.9 kB] Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/main i386 Packages [1,274 kB] Get:11 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted i386 Packages [14 B] Get:12 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe i386 Packages [8,594 B] Get:13 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse i386 Packages [1,393 B] Get:14 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main TranslationIndex [73 B] Get:15 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse TranslationIndex [71 B] Get:16 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted TranslationIndex [70 B] Get:17 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe TranslationIndex [72 B] Get:18 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main Translation-en [13.6 kB] Get:19 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse Translation-en [587 B] Get:20 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted Translation-en [14 B] Get:21 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe Translation-en [6,261 B] Get:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted i386 Packages [8,431 B] Get:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe i386 Packages [4,796 kB] Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Get:24 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg [316 B] Get:25 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg [316 B] Get:26 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg [316 B] Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Get:27 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg [316 B] Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Get:28 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg [316 B] Get:29 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg [316 B] Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Get:30 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg [316 B] Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Get:31 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release [11.9 kB] Get:32 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release [11.9 kB] Get:33 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse i386 Packages [121 kB] Get:34 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release [11.9 kB] Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release Get:35 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release [11.9 kB] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/main TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse TranslationIndex Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted TranslationIndex Get:36 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release [11.9 kB] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe TranslationIndex Get:37 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release [11.9 kB] Get:38 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main i386 Packages [96.5 kB] Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release Get:39 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release [11.9 kB] Get:40 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted i386 Packages [770 B] Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release Get:41 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe i386 Packages [27.7 kB] Get:42 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources [524 B] Get:43 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse i386 Packages [1,393 B] Get:44 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages [507 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main TranslationIndex Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted TranslationIndex Get:45 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources [932 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe TranslationIndex Get:46 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages [1,017 B] Get:47 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main i386 Packages [559 B] Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Get:48 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted i386 Packages [14 B] Get:49 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe i386 Packages [1,391 B] Get:50 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources [1,402 B] Get:51 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse i386 Packages [14 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main TranslationIndex Get:52 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages [1,605 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse TranslationIndex Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse Translation-en Get:53 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources [931 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted Translation-en Get:54 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages [1,079 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main Translation-en Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse Translation-en Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe Translation-en Get:55 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources [3,611 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main Translation-en Get:56 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages [2,468 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted Translation-en Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe Translation-en Get:57 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources [1,524 B] Get:58 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages [2,719 B] Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Get:59 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources [1,052 B] Get:60 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages [1,388 B] Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Get:61 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources [1,185 B] Get:62 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages [1,698 B] Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources 404 Not Found Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages 404 Not Found Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Fetched 6,699 kB in 15s (445 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done W: Failed to fetch http://dl.google.com/linux/talkplugin/deb/dists/stable/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/partner/i18n/Translation-en_US Unable to connect to archive.canonical.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.150 80] W: Failed to fetch http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/partner/i18n/Translation-en Unable to connect to archive.canonical.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.150 80] W: Failed to fetch http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/dists/sta

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• SQL SERVER – Securing TRUNCATE Permissions in SQL Server

  - by pinaldave

  Download the Script of this article from here. On December 11, 2010, Vinod Kumar, a Databases & BI technology evangelist from Microsoft Corporation, graced Ahmedabad by spending some time with the Community during the Community Tech Days (CTD) event. As he was running through a few demos, Vinod asked the audience one of the most fundamental and common interview questions – “What is the difference between a DELETE and TRUNCATE?“ Ahmedabad SQL Server User Group Expert Nakul Vachhrajani has come up with excellent solutions of the same. I must congratulate Nakul for this excellent solution and as a encouragement to User Group member, I am publishing the same article over here. Nakul Vachhrajani is a Software Specialist and systems development professional with Patni Computer Systems Limited. He has functional experience spanning legacy code deprecation, system design, documentation, development, implementation, testing, maintenance and support of complex systems, providing business intelligence solutions, database administration, performance tuning, optimization, product management, release engineering, process definition and implementation. He has comprehensive grasp on Database Administration, Development and Implementation with MS SQL Server and C, C++, Visual C++/C#. He has about 6 years of total experience in information technology. Nakul is an member of the Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar SQL Server User Groups, and actively contributes to the community by actively participating in multiple forums and websites like SQLAuthority.com, BeyondRelational.com, SQLServerCentral.com and many others. Please note: The opinions expressed herein are Nakul own personal opinions and do not represent his employer’s view in anyway. All data from everywhere here on Earth go through a series of  four distinct operations, identified by the words: CREATE, READ, UPDATE and DELETE, or simply, CRUD. Putting in Microsoft SQL Server terms, is the process goes like this: INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE and DELETE/TRUNCATE. Quite a few interesting responses were received and evaluated live during the session. To summarize them, the most important similarity that came out was that both DELETE and TRUNCATE participate in transactions. The major differences (not all) that came out of the exercise were: DELETE: DELETE supports a WHERE clause DELETE removes rows from a table, row-by-row Because DELETE moves row-by-row, it acquires a row-level lock Depending upon the recovery model of the database, DELETE is a fully-logged operation. Because DELETE moves row-by-row, it can fire off triggers TRUNCATE: TRUNCATE does not support a WHERE clause TRUNCATE works by directly removing the individual data pages of a table TRUNCATE directly occupies a table-level lock. (Because a lock is acquired, and because TRUNCATE can also participate in a transaction, it has to be a logged operation) TRUNCATE is, therefore, a minimally-logged operation; again, this depends upon the recovery model of the database Triggers are not fired when TRUNCATE is used (because individual row deletions are not logged) Finally, Vinod popped the big homework question that must be critically analyzed: “We know that we can restrict a DELETE operation to a particular user, but how can we restrict the TRUNCATE operation to a particular user?” After returning home and having a nice cup of coffee, I noticed that my gray cells immediately started to work. Below was the result of my research. As what is always said, the devil is in the details. Upon looking at the Permissions section for the TRUNCATE statement in Books On Line, the following jumps right out: “The minimum permission required is ALTER on table_name. TRUNCATE TABLE permissions default to the table owner, members of the sysadmin fixed server role, and the db_owner and db_ddladmin fixed database roles, and are not transferable. However, you can incorporate the TRUNCATE TABLE statement within a module, such as a stored procedure, and grant appropriate permissions to the module using the EXECUTE AS clause.“ Now, what does this mean? Unlike DELETE, one cannot directly assign permissions to a user/set of users allowing or revoking TRUNCATE rights. However, there is a way to circumvent this. It is important to recall that in Microsoft SQL Server, database engine security surrounds the concept of a “securable”, which is any object like a table, stored procedure, trigger, etc. Rights are assigned to a principal on a securable. Refer to the image below (taken from the SQL Server Books On Line). urable”, which is any object like a table, stored procedure, trigger, etc. Rights are assigned to a principal on a securable. Refer to the image below (taken from the SQL Server Books On Line). SETTING UP THE ENVIRONMENT – (01A_Truncate Table Permissions.sql) Script Provided at the end of the article. By the end of this demo, one will be able to do all the CRUD operations, except the TRUNCATE, and the other will only be able to execute the TRUNCATE. All you will need for this test is any edition of SQL Server 2008. (With minor changes, these scripts can be made to work with SQL 2005.) We begin by creating the following: 1.       A test database 2.        Two database roles: associated logins and users 3.       Switch over to the test database and create a test table. Then, add some data into it. I am using row constructors, which is new to SQL 2008. Creating the modules that will be used to enforce permissions 1.       We have already created one of the modules that we will be assigning permissions to. That module is the table: TruncatePermissionsTest 2.       We will now create two stored procedures; one is for the DELETE operation and the other for the TRUNCATE operation. Please note that for all practical purposes, the end result is the same – all data from the table TruncatePermissionsTest is removed Assigning the permissions Now comes the most important part of the demonstration – assigning permissions. A permissions matrix can be worked out as under: To apply the security rights, we use the GRANT and DENY clauses, as under: That’s it! We are now ready for our big test! THE TEST (01B_Truncate Table Test Queries.sql) Script Provided at the end of the article. I will now need two separate SSMS connections, one with the login AllowedTruncate and the other with the login RestrictedTruncate. Running the test is simple; all that’s required is to run through the script – 01B_Truncate Table Test Queries.sql. What I will demonstrate here via screen-shots is the behavior of SQL Server when logged in as the AllowedTruncate user. There are a few other combinations than what are highlighted here. I will leave the reader the right to explore the behavior of the RestrictedTruncate user and these additional scenarios, as a form of self-study. 1.       Testing SELECT permissions 2.       Testing TRUNCATE permissions (Remember, “deny by default”?) 3.       Trying to circumvent security by trying to TRUNCATE the table using the stored procedure Hence, we have now proved that a user can indeed be assigned permissions to specifically assign TRUNCATE permissions. I also hope that the above has sparked curiosity towards putting some security around the probably “destructive” operations of DELETE and TRUNCATE. I would like to wish each and every one of the readers a very happy and secure time with Microsoft SQL Server. (Please find the scripts – 01A_Truncate Table Permissions.sql and 01B_Truncate Table Test Queries.sql that have been used in this demonstration. Please note that these scripts contain purely test-level code only. These scripts must not, at any cost, be used in the reader’s production environments). 01A_Truncate Table Permissions.sql /* ***************************************************************************************************************** Developed By          : Nakul Vachhrajani Functionality         : This demo is focused on how to allow only TRUNCATE permissions to a particular user How to Use            : 1. Run through, step-by-step through the sequence till Step 08 to create a test database 2. Switch over to the "Truncate Table Test Queries.sql" and execute it step-by-step in two different SSMS windows, one where you have logged in as 'RestrictedTruncate', and the other as 'AllowedTruncate' 3. Come back to "Truncate Table Permissions.sql" 4. Execute Step 10 to cleanup! Modifications         : December 13, 2010 - NAV - Updated to add a security matrix and improve code readability when applying security December 12, 2010 - NAV - Created ***************************************************************************************************************** */ -- Step 01: Create a new test database CREATE DATABASE TruncateTestDB GO USE TruncateTestDB GO -- Step 02: Add roles and users to demonstrate the security of the Truncate operation -- 2a. Create the new roles CREATE ROLE AllowedTruncateRole; GO CREATE ROLE RestrictedTruncateRole; GO -- 2b. Create new logins CREATE LOGIN AllowedTruncate WITH PASSWORD = 'truncate@2010', CHECK_POLICY = ON GO CREATE LOGIN RestrictedTruncate WITH PASSWORD = 'truncate@2010', CHECK_POLICY = ON GO -- 2c. Create new Users using the roles and logins created aboave CREATE USER TruncateUser FOR LOGIN AllowedTruncate WITH DEFAULT_SCHEMA = dbo GO CREATE USER NoTruncateUser FOR LOGIN RestrictedTruncate WITH DEFAULT_SCHEMA = dbo GO -- 2d. Add the newly created login to the newly created role sp_addrolemember 'AllowedTruncateRole','TruncateUser' GO sp_addrolemember 'RestrictedTruncateRole','NoTruncateUser' GO -- Step 03: Change over to the test database USE TruncateTestDB GO -- Step 04: Create a test table within the test databse CREATE TABLE TruncatePermissionsTest (Id INT IDENTITY(1,1), Name NVARCHAR(50)) GO -- Step 05: Populate the required data INSERT INTO TruncatePermissionsTest VALUES (N'Delhi'), (N'Mumbai'), (N'Ahmedabad') GO -- Step 06: Encapsulate the DELETE within another module CREATE PROCEDURE proc_DeleteMyTable WITH EXECUTE AS SELF AS DELETE FROM TruncateTestDB..TruncatePermissionsTest GO -- Step 07: Encapsulate the TRUNCATE within another module CREATE PROCEDURE proc_TruncateMyTable WITH EXECUTE AS SELF AS TRUNCATE TABLE TruncateTestDB..TruncatePermissionsTest GO -- Step 08: Apply Security /* *****************************SECURITY MATRIX*************************************** =================================================================================== Object                   | Permissions |                 Login |             | AllowedTruncate   |   RestrictedTruncate |             |User:NoTruncateUser|   User:TruncateUser =================================================================================== TruncatePermissionsTest  | SELECT,     |      GRANT        |      (Default) | INSERT,     |                   | | UPDATE,     |                   | | DELETE      |                   | -------------------------+-------------+-------------------+----------------------- TruncatePermissionsTest  | ALTER       |      DENY         |      (Default) -------------------------+-------------+----*/----------------+----------------------- proc_DeleteMyTable | EXECUTE | GRANT | DENY -------------------------+-------------+-------------------+----------------------- proc_TruncateMyTable | EXECUTE | DENY | GRANT -------------------------+-------------+-------------------+----------------------- *****************************SECURITY MATRIX*************************************** */ /* Table: TruncatePermissionsTest*/ GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON TruncateTestDB..TruncatePermissionsTest TO NoTruncateUser GO DENY ALTER ON TruncateTestDB..TruncatePermissionsTest TO NoTruncateUser GO /* Procedure: proc_DeleteMyTable*/ GRANT EXECUTE ON TruncateTestDB..proc_DeleteMyTable TO NoTruncateUser GO DENY EXECUTE ON TruncateTestDB..proc_DeleteMyTable TO TruncateUser GO /* Procedure: proc_TruncateMyTable*/ DENY EXECUTE ON TruncateTestDB..proc_TruncateMyTable TO NoTruncateUser GO GRANT EXECUTE ON TruncateTestDB..proc_TruncateMyTable TO TruncateUser GO -- Step 09: Test --Switch over to the "Truncate Table Test Queries.sql" and execute it step-by-step in two different SSMS windows: --    1. one where you have logged in as 'RestrictedTruncate', and --    2. the other as 'AllowedTruncate' -- Step 10: Cleanup sp_droprolemember 'AllowedTruncateRole','TruncateUser' GO sp_droprolemember 'RestrictedTruncateRole','NoTruncateUser' GO DROP USER TruncateUser GO DROP USER NoTruncateUser GO DROP LOGIN AllowedTruncate GO DROP LOGIN RestrictedTruncate GO DROP ROLE AllowedTruncateRole GO DROP ROLE RestrictedTruncateRole GO USE MASTER GO DROP DATABASE TruncateTestDB GO 01B_Truncate Table Test Queries.sql /* ***************************************************************************************************************** Developed By          : Nakul Vachhrajani Functionality         : This demo is focused on how to allow only TRUNCATE permissions to a particular user How to Use            : 1. Switch over to this from "Truncate Table Permissions.sql", Step #09 2. Execute this step-by-step in two different SSMS windows a. One where you have logged in as 'RestrictedTruncate', and b. The other as 'AllowedTruncate' 3. Return back to "Truncate Table Permissions.sql" 4. Execute Step 10 to cleanup! Modifications         : December 12, 2010 - NAV - Created ***************************************************************************************************************** */ -- Step 09A: Switch to the test database USE TruncateTestDB GO -- Step 09B: Ensure that we have valid data SELECT * FROM TruncatePermissionsTest GO -- (Expected: Following error will occur if logged in as "AllowedTruncate") -- Msg 229, Level 14, State 5, Line 1 -- The SELECT permission was denied on the object 'TruncatePermissionsTest', database 'TruncateTestDB', schema 'dbo'. --Step 09C: Attempt to Truncate Data from the table without using the stored procedure TRUNCATE TABLE TruncatePermissionsTest GO -- (Expected: Following error will occur) --  Msg 1088, Level 16, State 7, Line 2 --  Cannot find the object "TruncatePermissionsTest" because it does not exist or you do not have permissions. -- Step 09D:Regenerate Test Data INSERT INTO TruncatePermissionsTest VALUES (N'London'), (N'Paris'), (N'Berlin') GO -- (Expected: Following error will occur if logged in as "AllowedTruncate") -- Msg 229, Level 14, State 5, Line 1 -- The INSERT permission was denied on the object 'TruncatePermissionsTest', database 'TruncateTestDB', schema 'dbo'. --Step 09E: Attempt to Truncate Data from the table using the stored procedure EXEC proc_TruncateMyTable GO -- (Expected: Will execute successfully with 'AllowedTruncate' user, will error out as under with 'RestrictedTruncate') -- Msg 229, Level 14, State 5, Procedure proc_TruncateMyTable, Line 1 -- The EXECUTE permission was denied on the object 'proc_TruncateMyTable', database 'TruncateTestDB', schema 'dbo'. -- Step 09F:Regenerate Test Data INSERT INTO TruncatePermissionsTest VALUES (N'Madrid'), (N'Rome'), (N'Athens') GO --Step 09G: Attempt to Delete Data from the table without using the stored procedure DELETE FROM TruncatePermissionsTest GO -- (Expected: Following error will occur if logged in as "AllowedTruncate") -- Msg 229, Level 14, State 5, Line 2 -- The DELETE permission was denied on the object 'TruncatePermissionsTest', database 'TruncateTestDB', schema 'dbo'. -- Step 09H:Regenerate Test Data INSERT INTO TruncatePermissionsTest VALUES (N'Spain'), (N'Italy'), (N'Greece') GO --Step 09I: Attempt to Delete Data from the table using the stored procedure EXEC proc_DeleteMyTable GO -- (Expected: Following error will occur if logged in as "AllowedTruncate") -- Msg 229, Level 14, State 5, Procedure proc_DeleteMyTable, Line 1 -- The EXECUTE permission was denied on the object 'proc_DeleteMyTable', database 'TruncateTestDB', schema 'dbo'. --Step 09J: Close this SSMS window and return back to "Truncate Table Permissions.sql" Thank you Nakul to take up the challenge and prove that Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar SQL Server User Group has talent to solve difficult problems. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Best Practices, Pinal Dave, Readers Contribution, Readers Question, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Security, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Solaris 11.1: Changes to included FOSS packages

  - by alanc

  Besides the documentation changes I mentioned last time, another place you can see Solaris 11.1 changes before upgrading is in the online package repository, now that the 11.1 packages have been published to http://pkg.oracle.com/solaris/release/, as the “0.175.1.0.0.24.2” branch. (Oracle Solaris Package Versioning explains what each field in that version string means.) When you’re ready to upgrade to the packages from either this repo, or the support repository, you’ll want to first read How to Update to Oracle Solaris 11.1 Using the Image Packaging System by Pete Dennis, as there are a couple issues you will need to be aware of to do that upgrade, several of which are due to changes in the Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) packages included with Solaris, as I’ll explain in a bit. Solaris 11 can update more readily than Solaris 10 In the Solaris 10 and older update models, the way the updates were built constrained what changes we could make in those releases. To change an existing SVR4 package in those releases, we created a Solaris Patch, which applied to a given version of the SVR4 package and replaced, added or deleted files in it. These patches were released via the support websites (originally SunSolve, now My Oracle Support) for applying to existing Solaris 10 installations, and were also merged into the install images for the next Solaris 10 update release. (This Solaris Patches blog post from Gerry Haskins dives deeper into that subject.) Some of the restrictions of this model were that package refactoring, changes to package dependencies, and even just changing the package version number, were difficult to do in this hybrid patch/OS update model. For instance, when Solaris 10 first shipped, it had the Xorg server from X11R6.8. Over the first couple years of update releases we were able to keep it up to date by replacing, adding, & removing files as necessary, taking it all the way up to Xorg server release 1.3 (new version numbering begun after the X11R7 split of the X11 tree into separate modules gave each module its own version). But if you run pkginfo on the SUNWxorg-server package, you’ll see it still displayed a version number of 6.8, confusing users as to which version was actually included. We stopped upgrading the Xorg server releases in Solaris 10 after 1.3, as later versions added new dependencies, such as HAL, D-Bus, and libpciaccess, which were very difficult to manage in this patching model. (We later got libpciaccess to work, but HAL & D-Bus would have been much harder due to the greater dependency tree underneath those.) Similarly, every time the GNOME team looked into upgrading Solaris 10 past GNOME 2.6, they found these constraints made it so difficult it wasn’t worthwhile, and eventually GNOME’s dependencies had changed enough it was completely infeasible. Fortunately, this worked out for both the X11 & GNOME teams, with our management making the business decision to concentrate on the “Nevada” branch for desktop users - first as Solaris Express Desktop Edition, and later as OpenSolaris, so we didn’t have to fight to try to make the package updates fit into these tight constraints. Meanwhile, the team designing the new packaging system for Solaris 11 was seeing us struggle with these problems, and making this much easier to manage for both the development teams and our users was one of their big goals for the IPS design they were working on. Now that we’ve reached the first update release to Solaris 11, we can start to see the fruits of their labors, with more FOSS updates in 11.1 than we had in many Solaris 10 update releases, keeping software more up to date with the upstream communities. Of course, just because we can more easily update now, doesn’t always mean we should or will do so, it just removes the package system limitations from forcing the decision for us. So while we’ve upgraded the X Window System in the 11.1 release from X11R7.6 to 7.7, the Solaris GNOME team decided it was not the right time to try to make the jump from GNOME 2 to GNOME 3, though they did update some individual components of the desktop, especially those with security fixes like Firefox. In other parts of the system, decisions as to what to update were prioritized based on how they affected other projects, or what customer requests we’d gotten for them. So with all that background in place, what packages did we actually update or add between Solaris 11.0 and 11.1? Core OS Functionality One of the FOSS changes with the biggest impact in this release is the upgrade from Grub Legacy (0.97) to Grub 2 (1.99) for the x64 platform boot loader. This is the cause of one of the upgrade quirks, since to go from Solaris 11.0 to 11.1 on x64 systems, you first need to update the Boot Environment tools (such as beadm) to a new version that can handle boot environments that use the Grub2 boot loader. System administrators can find the details they need to know about the new Grub in the Administering the GRand Unified Bootloader chapter of the Booting and Shutting Down Oracle Solaris 11.1 Systems guide. This change was necessary to be able to support new hardware coming into the x64 marketplace, including systems using UEFI firmware or booting off disk drives larger than 2 terabytes. For both platforms, Solaris 11.1 adds rsyslog as an optional alternative to the traditional syslogd, and OpenSCAP for checking security configuration settings are compliant with site policies. Note that the support repo actually has newer versions of BIND & fetchmail than the 11.1 release, as some late breaking critical fixes came through from the community upstream releases after the Solaris 11.1 release was frozen, and made their way to the support repository. These are responsible for the other big upgrade quirk in this release, in which to upgrade a system which already installed those versions from the support repo, you need to either wait for those packages to make their way to the 11.1 branch of the support repo, or follow the steps in the aforementioned upgrade walkthrough to let the package system know it's okay to temporarily downgrade those. Developer Stack While Solaris 11.0 included Python 2.7, many of the bundled python modules weren’t packaged for it yet, limiting its usability. For 11.1, many more of the python modules include 2.7 versions (enough that I filtered them out of the below table, but you can always search on the package repository server for them. For other language runtimes and development tools, 11.1 expands the use of IPS mediated links to choose which version of a package is the default when the packages are designed to allow multiple versions to install side by side. For instance, in Solaris 11.0, GNU automake 1.9 and 1.10 were provided, and developers had to run them as either automake-1.9 or automake-1.10. In Solaris 11.1, when automake 1.11 was added, also added was a /usr/bin/automake mediated link, which points to the automake-1.11 program by default, but can be changed to another version by running the pkg set-mediator command. Mediated links were also used for the Java runtime & development kits in 11.1, changing the default versions to the Java 7 releases (the 1.7.0.x package versions), while allowing admins to switch links such as /usr/bin/javac back to Java 6 if they need to for their site, to deal with Java 7 compatibility or other issues, without having to update each usage to use the full versioned /usr/jdk/jdk1.6.0_35/bin/javac paths for every invocation. Desktop Stack As I mentioned before, we upgraded from X11R7.6 to X11R7.7, since a pleasant coincidence made the X.Org release dates line up nicely with our feature & code freeze dates for this release. (Or perhaps it wasn’t so coincidental, after all, one of the benefits of being the person making the release is being able to decide what schedule is most convenient for you, and this one worked well for me.) For the table below, I’ve skipped listing the packages in which we use the X11 “katamari” version for the Solaris package version (mainly packages combining elements of multiple upstream modules with independent version numbers), since they just all changed from 7.6 to 7.7. In the graphics drivers, we worked with Intel to update the Intel Integrated Graphics Processor support to support 3D graphics and kernel mode setting on the Ivy Bridge chipsets, and updated Nvidia’s non-FOSS graphics driver from 280.13 to 295.20. Higher up in the desktop stack, PulseAudio was added for audio support, and liblouis for Braille support, and the GNOME applications were built to use them. The Mozilla applications, Firefox & Thunderbird moved to the current Extended Support Release (ESR) versions, 10.x for each, to bring up-to-date security fixes without having to be on Mozilla’s agressive 6 week feature cycle release train. Detailed list of changes This table shows most of the changes to the FOSS packages between Solaris 11.0 and 11.1. As noted above, some were excluded for clarity, or to reduce noise and duplication. All the FOSS packages which didn't change the version number in their packaging info are not included, even if they had updates to fix bugs, security holes, or add support for new hardware or new features of Solaris. Package11.011.1 archiver/unrar 3.8.5 4.1.4 audio/sox 14.3.0 14.3.2 backup/rdiff-backup 1.2.1 1.3.3 communication/im/pidgin 2.10.0 2.10.5 compress/gzip 1.3.5 1.4 compress/xz not included 5.0.1 database/sqlite-3 3.7.6.3 3.7.11 desktop/remote-desktop/tigervnc 1.0.90 1.1.0 desktop/window-manager/xcompmgr 1.1.5 1.1.6 desktop/xscreensaver 5.12 5.15 developer/build/autoconf 2.63 2.68 developer/build/autoconf/xorg-macros 1.15.0 1.17 developer/build/automake-111 not included 1.11.2 developer/build/cmake 2.6.2 2.8.6 developer/build/gnu-make 3.81 3.82 developer/build/imake 1.0.4 1.0.5 developer/build/libtool 1.5.22 2.4.2 developer/build/makedepend 1.0.3 1.0.4 developer/documentation-tool/doxygen 1.5.7.1 1.7.6.1 developer/gnu-binutils 2.19 2.21.1 developer/java/jdepend not included 2.9 developer/java/jdk-6 1.6.0.26 1.6.0.35 developer/java/jdk-7 1.7.0.0 1.7.0.7 developer/java/jpackage-utils not included 1.7.5 developer/java/junit 4.5 4.10 developer/lexer/jflex not included 1.4.1 developer/parser/byaccj not included 1.14 developer/parser/java_cup not included 0.10 developer/quilt 0.47 0.60 developer/versioning/git 1.7.3.2 1.7.9.2 developer/versioning/mercurial 1.8.4 2.2.1 developer/versioning/subversion 1.6.16 1.7.5 diagnostic/constype 1.0.3 1.0.4 diagnostic/nmap 5.21 5.51 diagnostic/scanpci 0.12.1 0.13.1 diagnostic/wireshark 1.4.8 1.8.2 diagnostic/xload 1.1.0 1.1.1 editor/gnu-emacs 23.1 23.4 editor/vim 7.3.254 7.3.600 file/lndir 1.0.2 1.0.3 image/editor/bitmap 1.0.5 1.0.6 image/gnuplot 4.4.0 4.6.0 image/library/libexif 0.6.19 0.6.21 image/library/libpng 1.4.8 1.4.11 image/library/librsvg 2.26.3 2.34.1 image/xcursorgen 1.0.4 1.0.5 library/audio/pulseaudio not included 1.1 library/cacao 2.3.0.0 2.3.1.0 library/expat 2.0.1 2.1.0 library/gc 7.1 7.2 library/graphics/pixman 0.22.0 0.24.4 library/guile 1.8.4 1.8.6 library/java/javadb 10.5.3.0 10.6.2.1 library/java/subversion 1.6.16 1.7.5 library/json-c not included 0.9 library/libedit not included 3.0 library/libee not included 0.3.2 library/libestr not included 0.1.2 library/libevent 1.3.5 1.4.14.2 library/liblouis not included 2.1.1 library/liblouisxml not included 2.1.0 library/libtecla 1.6.0 1.6.1 library/libtool/libltdl 1.5.22 2.4.2 library/nspr 4.8.8 4.8.9 library/openldap 2.4.25 2.4.30 library/pcre 7.8 8.21 library/perl-5/subversion 1.6.16 1.7.5 library/python-2/jsonrpclib not included 0.1.3 library/python-2/lxml 2.1.2 2.3.3 library/python-2/nose not included 1.1.2 library/python-2/pyopenssl not included 0.11 library/python-2/subversion 1.6.16 1.7.5 library/python-2/tkinter-26 2.6.4 2.6.8 library/python-2/tkinter-27 2.7.1 2.7.3 library/security/nss 4.12.10 4.13.1 library/security/openssl 1.0.0.5 (1.0.0e) 1.0.0.10 (1.0.0j) mail/thunderbird 6.0 10.0.6 network/dns/bind 9.6.3.4.3 9.6.3.7.2 package/pkgbuild not included 1.3.104 print/filter/enscript not included 1.6.4 print/filter/gutenprint 5.2.4 5.2.7 print/lp/filter/foomatic-rip 3.0.2 4.0.15 runtime/java/jre-6 1.6.0.26 1.6.0.35 runtime/java/jre-7 1.7.0.0 1.7.0.7 runtime/perl-512 5.12.3 5.12.4 runtime/python-26 2.6.4 2.6.8 runtime/python-27 2.7.1 2.7.3 runtime/ruby-18 1.8.7.334 1.8.7.357 runtime/tcl-8/tcl-sqlite-3 3.7.6.3 3.7.11 security/compliance/openscap not included 0.8.1 security/nss-utilities 4.12.10 4.13.1 security/sudo 1.8.1.2 1.8.4.5 service/network/dhcp/isc-dhcp 4.1 4.1.0.6 service/network/dns/bind 9.6.3.4.3 9.6.3.7.2 service/network/ftp (ProFTPD) 1.3.3.0.5 1.3.3.0.7 service/network/samba 3.5.10 3.6.6 shell/conflict 0.2004.9.1 0.2010.6.27 shell/pipe-viewer 1.1.4 1.2.0 shell/zsh 4.3.12 4.3.17 system/boot/grub 0.97 1.99 system/font/truetype/liberation 1.4 1.7.2 system/library/freetype-2 2.4.6 2.4.9 system/library/libnet 1.1.2.1 1.1.5 system/management/cim/pegasus 2.9.1 2.11.0 system/management/ipmitool 1.8.10 1.8.11 system/management/wbem/wbemcli 1.3.7 1.3.9.1 system/network/routing/quagga 0.99.8 0.99.19 system/rsyslog not included 6.2.0 terminal/luit 1.1.0 1.1.1 text/convmv 1.14 1.15 text/gawk 3.1.5 3.1.8 text/gnu-grep 2.5.4 2.10 web/browser/firefox 6.0.2 10.0.6 web/browser/links 1.0 1.0.3 web/java-servlet/tomcat 6.0.33 6.0.35 web/php-53 not included 5.3.14 web/php-53/extension/php-apc not included 3.1.9 web/php-53/extension/php-idn not included 0.2.0 web/php-53/extension/php-memcache not included 3.0.6 web/php-53/extension/php-mysql not included 5.3.14 web/php-53/extension/php-pear not included 5.3.14 web/php-53/extension/php-suhosin not included 0.9.33 web/php-53/extension/php-tcpwrap not included 1.1.3 web/php-53/extension/php-xdebug not included 2.2.0 web/php-common not included 11.1 web/proxy/squid 3.1.8 3.1.18 web/server/apache-22 2.2.20 2.2.22 web/server/apache-22/module/apache-sed 2.2.20 2.2.22 web/server/apache-22/module/apache-wsgi not included 3.3 x11/diagnostic/xev 1.1.0 1.2.0 x11/diagnostic/xscope 1.3 1.3.1 x11/documentation/xorg-docs 1.6 1.7 x11/keyboard/xkbcomp 1.2.3 1.2.4 x11/library/libdmx 1.1.1 1.1.2 x11/library/libdrm 2.4.25 2.4.32 x11/library/libfontenc 1.1.0 1.1.1 x11/library/libfs 1.0.3 1.0.4 x11/library/libice 1.0.7 1.0.8 x11/library/libsm 1.2.0 1.2.1 x11/library/libx11 1.4.4 1.5.0 x11/library/libxau 1.0.6 1.0.7 x11/library/libxcb 1.7 1.8.1 x11/library/libxcursor 1.1.12 1.1.13 x11/library/libxdmcp 1.1.0 1.1.1 x11/library/libxext 1.3.0 1.3.1 x11/library/libxfixes 4.0.5 5.0 x11/library/libxfont 1.4.4 1.4.5 x11/library/libxft 2.2.0 2.3.1 x11/library/libxi 1.4.3 1.6.1 x11/library/libxinerama 1.1.1 1.1.2 x11/library/libxkbfile 1.0.7 1.0.8 x11/library/libxmu 1.1.0 1.1.1 x11/library/libxmuu 1.1.0 1.1.1 x11/library/libxpm 3.5.9 3.5.10 x11/library/libxrender 0.9.6 0.9.7 x11/library/libxres 1.0.5 1.0.6 x11/library/libxscrnsaver 1.2.1 1.2.2 x11/library/libxtst 1.2.0 1.2.1 x11/library/libxv 1.0.6 1.0.7 x11/library/libxvmc 1.0.6 1.0.7 x11/library/libxxf86vm 1.1.1 1.1.2 x11/library/mesa 7.10.2 7.11.2 x11/library/toolkit/libxaw7 1.0.9 1.0.11 x11/library/toolkit/libxt 1.0.9 1.1.3 x11/library/xtrans 1.2.6 1.2.7 x11/oclock 1.0.2 1.0.3 x11/server/xdmx 1.10.3 1.12.2 x11/server/xephyr 1.10.3 1.12.2 x11/server/xorg 1.10.3 1.12.2 x11/server/xorg/driver/xorg-input-keyboard 1.6.0 1.6.1 x11/server/xorg/driver/xorg-input-mouse 1.7.1 1.7.2 x11/server/xorg/driver/xorg-input-synaptics 1.4.1 1.6.2 x11/server/xorg/driver/xorg-input-vmmouse 12.7.0 12.8.0 x11/server/xorg/driver/xorg-video-ast 0.91.10 0.93.10 x11/server/xorg/driver/xorg-video-ati 6.14.1 6.14.4 x11/server/xorg/driver/xorg-video-cirrus 1.3.2 1.4.0 x11/server/xorg/driver/xorg-video-dummy 0.3.4 0.3.5 x11/server/xorg/driver/xorg-video-intel 2.10.0 2.18.0 x11/server/xorg/driver/xorg-video-mach64 6.9.0 6.9.1 x11/server/xorg/driver/xorg-video-mga 1.4.13 1.5.0 x11/server/xorg/driver/xorg-video-openchrome 0.2.904 0.2.905 x11/server/xorg/driver/xorg-video-r128 6.8.1 6.8.2 x11/server/xorg/driver/xorg-video-trident 1.3.4 1.3.5 x11/server/xorg/driver/xorg-video-vesa 2.3.0 2.3.1 x11/server/xorg/driver/xorg-video-vmware 11.0.3 12.0.2 x11/server/xserver-common 1.10.3 1.12.2 x11/server/xvfb 1.10.3 1.12.2 x11/server/xvnc 1.0.90 1.1.0 x11/session/sessreg 1.0.6 1.0.7 x11/session/xauth 1.0.6 1.0.7 x11/session/xinit 1.3.1 1.3.2 x11/transset 0.9.1 1.0.0 x11/trusted/trusted-xorg 1.10.3 1.12.2 x11/x11-window-dump 1.0.4 1.0.5 x11/xclipboard 1.1.1 1.1.2 x11/xclock 1.0.5 1.0.6 x11/xfd 1.1.0 1.1.1 x11/xfontsel 1.0.3 1.0.4 x11/xfs 1.1.1 1.1.2 P.S. To get the version numbers for this table, I ran a quick perl script over the output from: % pkg contents -H -r -t depend -a type=incorporate -o fmri \ `pkg contents -H -r -t depend -a type=incorporate -o fmri [email protected],5.11-0.175.1.0.0.24` \ | sort /tmp/11.1 % pkg contents -H -r -t depend -a type=incorporate -o fmri \ `pkg contents -H -r -t depend -a type=incorporate -o fmri [email protected],5.11-0.175.0.0.0.2` \ | sort /tmp/11.0

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• C#/.NET Little Wonders: ConcurrentBag and BlockingCollection

  - by James Michael Hare

  In the first week of concurrent collections, began with a general introduction and discussed the ConcurrentStack<T> and ConcurrentQueue<T>.  The last post discussed the ConcurrentDictionary<T> .  Finally this week, we shall close with a discussion of the ConcurrentBag<T> and BlockingCollection<T>. For more of the "Little Wonders" posts, see C#/.NET Little Wonders: A Redux. Recap As you'll recall from the previous posts, the original collections were object-based containers that accomplished synchronization through a Synchronized member.  With the advent of .NET 2.0, the original collections were succeeded by the generic collections which are fully type-safe, but eschew automatic synchronization.  With .NET 4.0, a new breed of collections was born in the System.Collections.Concurrent namespace.  Of these, the final concurrent collection we will examine is the ConcurrentBag and a very useful wrapper class called the BlockingCollection. For some excellent information on the performance of the concurrent collections and how they perform compared to a traditional brute-force locking strategy, see this informative whitepaper by the Microsoft Parallel Computing Platform team here. ConcurrentBag<T> – Thread-safe unordered collection. Unlike the other concurrent collections, the ConcurrentBag<T> has no non-concurrent counterpart in the .NET collections libraries.  Items can be added and removed from a bag just like any other collection, but unlike the other collections, the items are not maintained in any order.  This makes the bag handy for those cases when all you care about is that the data be consumed eventually, without regard for order of consumption or even fairness – that is, it’s possible new items could be consumed before older items given the right circumstances for a period of time. So why would you ever want a container that can be unfair?  Well, to look at it another way, you can use a ConcurrentQueue and get the fairness, but it comes at a cost in that the ordering rules and synchronization required to maintain that ordering can affect scalability a bit.  Thus sometimes the bag is great when you want the fastest way to get the next item to process, and don’t care what item it is or how long its been waiting. The way that the ConcurrentBag works is to take advantage of the new ThreadLocal<T> type (new in System.Threading for .NET 4.0) so that each thread using the bag has a list local to just that thread.  This means that adding or removing to a thread-local list requires very low synchronization.  The problem comes in where a thread goes to consume an item but it’s local list is empty.  In this case the bag performs “work-stealing” where it will rob an item from another thread that has items in its list.  This requires a higher level of synchronization which adds a bit of overhead to the take operation. So, as you can imagine, this makes the ConcurrentBag good for situations where each thread both produces and consumes items from the bag, but it would be less-than-idea in situations where some threads are dedicated producers and the other threads are dedicated consumers because the work-stealing synchronization would outweigh the thread-local optimization for a thread taking its own items. Like the other concurrent collections, there are some curiosities to keep in mind: IsEmpty(), Count, ToArray(), and GetEnumerator() lock collection Each of these needs to take a snapshot of whole bag to determine if empty, thus they tend to be more expensive and cause Add() and Take() operations to block. ToArray() and GetEnumerator() are static snapshots Because it is based on a snapshot, will not show subsequent updates after snapshot. Add() is lightweight Since adding to the thread-local list, there is very little overhead on Add. TryTake() is lightweight if items in thread-local list As long as items are in the thread-local list, TryTake() is very lightweight, much more so than ConcurrentStack() and ConcurrentQueue(), however if the local thread list is empty, it must steal work from another thread, which is more expensive. Remember, a bag is not ideal for all situations, it is mainly ideal for situations where a process consumes an item and either decomposes it into more items to be processed, or handles the item partially and places it back to be processed again until some point when it will complete.  The main point is that the bag works best when each thread both takes and adds items. For example, we could create a totally contrived example where perhaps we want to see the largest power of a number before it crosses a certain threshold.  Yes, obviously we could easily do this with a log function, but bare with me while I use this contrived example for simplicity. So let’s say we have a work function that will take a Tuple out of a bag, this Tuple will contain two ints.  The first int is the original number, and the second int is the last multiple of that number.  So we could load our bag with the initial values (let’s say we want to know the last multiple of each of 2, 3, 5, and 7 under 100. 1: var bag = new ConcurrentBag<Tuple<int, int>> 2: { 3: Tuple.Create(2, 1), 4: Tuple.Create(3, 1), 5: Tuple.Create(5, 1), 6: Tuple.Create(7, 1) 7: }; Then we can create a method that given the bag, will take out an item, apply the multiplier again, 1: public static void FindHighestPowerUnder(ConcurrentBag<Tuple<int,int>> bag, int threshold) 2: { 3: Tuple<int,int> pair; 4:  5: // while there are items to take, this will prefer local first, then steal if no local 6: while (bag.TryTake(out pair)) 7: { 8: // look at next power 9: var result = Math.Pow(pair.Item1, pair.Item2 + 1); 10:  11: if (result < threshold) 12: { 13: // if smaller than threshold bump power by 1 14: bag.Add(Tuple.Create(pair.Item1, pair.Item2 + 1)); 15: } 16: else 17: { 18: // otherwise, we're done 19: Console.WriteLine("Highest power of {0} under {3} is {0}^{1} = {2}.", 20: pair.Item1, pair.Item2, Math.Pow(pair.Item1, pair.Item2), threshold); 21: } 22: } 23: } Now that we have this, we can load up this method as an Action into our Tasks and run it: 1: // create array of tasks, start all, wait for all 2: var tasks = new[] 3: { 4: new Task(() => FindHighestPowerUnder(bag, 100)), 5: new Task(() => FindHighestPowerUnder(bag, 100)), 6: }; 7:  8: Array.ForEach(tasks, t => t.Start()); 9:  10: Task.WaitAll(tasks); Totally contrived, I know, but keep in mind the main point!  When you have a thread or task that operates on an item, and then puts it back for further consumption – or decomposes an item into further sub-items to be processed – you should consider a ConcurrentBag as the thread-local lists will allow for quick processing.  However, if you need ordering or if your processes are dedicated producers or consumers, this collection is not ideal.  As with anything, you should performance test as your mileage will vary depending on your situation! BlockingCollection<T> – A producers & consumers pattern collection The BlockingCollection<T> can be treated like a collection in its own right, but in reality it adds a producers and consumers paradigm to any collection that implements the interface IProducerConsumerCollection<T>.  If you don’t specify one at the time of construction, it will use a ConcurrentQueue<T> as its underlying store. If you don’t want to use the ConcurrentQueue, the ConcurrentStack and ConcurrentBag also implement the interface (though ConcurrentDictionary does not).  In addition, you are of course free to create your own implementation of the interface. So, for those who don’t remember the producers and consumers classical computer-science problem, the gist of it is that you have one (or more) processes that are creating items (producers) and one (or more) processes that are consuming these items (consumers).  Now, the crux of the problem is that there is a bin (queue) where the produced items are placed, and typically that bin has a limited size.  Thus if a producer creates an item, but there is no space to store it, it must wait until an item is consumed.  Also if a consumer goes to consume an item and none exists, it must wait until an item is produced. The BlockingCollection makes it trivial to implement any standard producers/consumers process set by providing that “bin” where the items can be produced into and consumed from with the appropriate blocking operations.  In addition, you can specify whether the bin should have a limited size or can be (theoretically) unbounded, and you can specify timeouts on the blocking operations. As far as your choice of “bin”, for the most part the ConcurrentQueue is the right choice because it is fairly light and maximizes fairness by ordering items so that they are consumed in the same order they are produced.  You can use the concurrent bag or stack, of course, but your ordering would be random-ish in the case of the former and LIFO in the case of the latter. So let’s look at some of the methods of note in BlockingCollection: BoundedCapacity returns capacity of the “bin” If the bin is unbounded, the capacity is int.MaxValue. Count returns an internally-kept count of items This makes it O(1), but if you modify underlying collection directly (not recommended) it is unreliable. CompleteAdding() is used to cut off further adds. This sets IsAddingCompleted and begins to wind down consumers once empty. IsAddingCompleted is true when producers are “done”. Once you are done producing, should complete the add process to alert consumers. IsCompleted is true when producers are “done” and “bin” is empty. Once you mark the producers done, and all items removed, this will be true. Add() is a blocking add to collection. If bin is full, will wait till space frees up Take() is a blocking remove from collection. If bin is empty, will wait until item is produced or adding is completed. GetConsumingEnumerable() is used to iterate and consume items. Unlike the standard enumerator, this one consumes the items instead of iteration. TryAdd() attempts add but does not block completely If adding would block, returns false instead, can specify TimeSpan to wait before stopping. TryTake() attempts to take but does not block completely Like TryAdd(), if taking would block, returns false instead, can specify TimeSpan to wait. Note the use of CompleteAdding() to signal the BlockingCollection that nothing else should be added.  This means that any attempts to TryAdd() or Add() after marked completed will throw an InvalidOperationException.  In addition, once adding is complete you can still continue to TryTake() and Take() until the bin is empty, and then Take() will throw the InvalidOperationException and TryTake() will return false. So let’s create a simple program to try this out.  Let’s say that you have one process that will be producing items, but a slower consumer process that handles them.  This gives us a chance to peek inside what happens when the bin is bounded (by default, the bin is NOT bounded). 1: var bin = new BlockingCollection<int>(5); Now, we create a method to produce items: 1: public static void ProduceItems(BlockingCollection<int> bin, int numToProduce) 2: { 3: for (int i = 0; i < numToProduce; i++) 4: { 5: // try for 10 ms to add an item 6: while (!bin.TryAdd(i, TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(10))) 7: { 8: Console.WriteLine("Bin is full, retrying..."); 9: } 10: } 11:  12: // once done producing, call CompleteAdding() 13: Console.WriteLine("Adding is completed."); 14: bin.CompleteAdding(); 15: } And one to consume them: 1: public static void ConsumeItems(BlockingCollection<int> bin) 2: { 3: // This will only be true if CompleteAdding() was called AND the bin is empty. 4: while (!bin.IsCompleted) 5: { 6: int item; 7:  8: if (!bin.TryTake(out item, TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(10))) 9: { 10: Console.WriteLine("Bin is empty, retrying..."); 11: } 12: else 13: { 14: Console.WriteLine("Consuming item {0}.", item); 15: Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(20)); 16: } 17: } 18: } Then we can fire them off: 1: // create one producer and two consumers 2: var tasks = new[] 3: { 4: new Task(() => ProduceItems(bin, 20)), 5: new Task(() => ConsumeItems(bin)), 6: new Task(() => ConsumeItems(bin)), 7: }; 8:  9: Array.ForEach(tasks, t => t.Start()); 10:  11: Task.WaitAll(tasks); Notice that the producer is faster than the consumer, thus it should be hitting a full bin often and displaying the message after it times out on TryAdd(). 1: Consuming item 0. 2: Consuming item 1. 3: Bin is full, retrying... 4: Bin is full, retrying... 5: Consuming item 3. 6: Consuming item 2. 7: Bin is full, retrying... 8: Consuming item 4. 9: Consuming item 5. 10: Bin is full, retrying... 11: Consuming item 6. 12: Consuming item 7. 13: Bin is full, retrying... 14: Consuming item 8. 15: Consuming item 9. 16: Bin is full, retrying... 17: Consuming item 10. 18: Consuming item 11. 19: Bin is full, retrying... 20: Consuming item 12. 21: Consuming item 13. 22: Bin is full, retrying... 23: Bin is full, retrying... 24: Consuming item 14. 25: Adding is completed. 26: Consuming item 15. 27: Consuming item 16. 28: Consuming item 17. 29: Consuming item 19. 30: Consuming item 18. Also notice that once CompleteAdding() is called and the bin is empty, the IsCompleted property returns true, and the consumers will exit. Summary The ConcurrentBag is an interesting collection that can be used to optimize concurrency scenarios where tasks or threads both produce and consume items.  In this way, it will choose to consume its own work if available, and then steal if not.  However, in situations where you want fair consumption or ordering, or in situations where the producers and consumers are distinct processes, the bag is not optimal. The BlockingCollection is a great wrapper around all of the concurrent queue, stack, and bag that allows you to add producer and consumer semantics easily including waiting when the bin is full or empty. That’s the end of my dive into the concurrent collections.  I’d also strongly recommend, once again, you read this excellent Microsoft white paper that goes into much greater detail on the efficiencies you can gain using these collections judiciously (here). Tweet Technorati Tags: C#,.NET,Concurrent Collections,Little Wonders

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• Root certificate authority works windows/linux but not mac osx - (malformed)

  - by AKwhat

  I have created a self-signed root certificate authority which if I install onto windows, linux, or even using the certificate store in firefox (windows/linux/macosx) will work perfectly with my terminating proxy. I have installed it into the system keychain and I have set the certificate to always trust. Within the chrome browser details it says "The certificate that Chrome received during this connection attempt is not formatted correctly, so Chrome cannot use it to protect your information. Error type: Malformed certificate" I used this code to create the certificate: openssl genrsa -des3 -passout pass:***** -out private/server.key 4096 openssl req -batch -passin pass:***** -new -x509 -nodes -sha1 -days 3600 -key private/server.key -out server.crt -config ../openssl.cnf If the issue is NOT that it is malformed (because it works everywhere else) then what else could it be? Am I installing it incorrectly? To be clear: Within the windows/linux OS, all browsers work perfectly. Within mac only firefox works if it uses its internal certificate store and not the keychain. It's the keychain method of importing a certificate that causes the issue. Thus, all browsers using the keychain will not work. Root CA Cert: -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- **some base64 stuff** -----END CERTIFICATE----- Intermediate CA Cert: Certificate: Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 1 (0x1) Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption Issuer: C=*****, ST=*******, L=******, O=*******, CN=******/emailAddress=****** Validity Not Before: May 21 13:57:32 2014 GMT Not After : Jun 20 13:57:32 2014 GMT Subject: C=*****, ST=********, O=*******, CN=*******/emailAddress=******* Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption RSA Public Key: (4096 bit) Modulus (4096 bit): 00:e7:2d:75:38:23:02:8e:b9:8d:2f:33:4c:2a:11: 6d:d4:f8:29:ab:f3:fc:12:00:0f:bb:34:ec:35:ed: a5:38:10:1e:f3:54:c2:69:ae:3b:22:c0:0d:00:97: 08:da:b9:c9:32:c0:c6:b1:8b:22:7e:53:ea:69:e2: 6d:0f:bd:f5:96:b2:d0:0d:b2:db:07:ba:f1:ce:53: 8a:5e:e0:22:ce:3e:36:ed:51:63:21:e7:45:ad:f9: 4d:9b:8f:7f:33:4c:ed:fc:a6:ac:16:70:f5:96:36: 37:c8:65:47:d1:d3:12:70:3e:8d:2f:fb:9f:94:e0: c9:5f:d0:8c:30:e0:04:23:38:22:e5:d9:84:15:b8: 31:e7:a7:28:51:b8:7f:01:49:fb:88:e9:6c:93:0e: 63:eb:66:2b:b4:a0:f0:31:33:8b:b4:04:84:1f:9e: d5:ed:23:cc:bf:9b:8e:be:9a:5c:03:d6:4f:1a:6f: 2d:8f:47:60:6c:89:c5:f0:06:df:ac:cb:26:f8:1a: 48:52:5e:51:a0:47:6a:30:e8:bc:88:8b:fd:bb:6b: c9:03:db:c2:46:86:c0:c5:a5:45:5b:a9:a3:61:35: 37:e9:fc:a1:7b:ae:71:3a:5c:9c:52:84:dd:b2:86: b3:2e:2e:7a:5b:e1:40:34:4a:46:f0:f8:43:26:58: 30:87:f9:c6:c9:bc:b4:73:8b:fc:08:13:33:cc:d0: b7:8a:31:e9:38:a3:a9:cc:01:e2:d4:c2:a5:c1:55: 52:72:52:2b:06:a3:36:30:0c:5c:29:1a:dd:14:93: 2b:9d:bf:ac:c1:2d:cd:3f:89:1f:bc:ad:a4:f2:bd: 81:77:a9:f4:f0:b9:50:9e:fb:f5:da:ee:4e:b7:66: e5:ab:d1:00:74:29:6f:01:28:32:ea:7d:3f:b3:d7: 97:f2:60:63:41:0f:30:6a:aa:74:f4:63:4f:26:7b: 71:ed:57:f1:d4:99:72:61:f4:69:ad:31:82:76:67: 21:e1:32:2f:e8:46:d3:28:61:b1:10:df:4c:02:e5: d3:cc:22:30:a4:bb:81:10:dc:7d:49:94:b2:02:2d: 96:7f:e5:61:fa:6b:bd:22:21:55:97:82:18:4e:b5: a0:67:2b:57:93:1c:ef:e5:d2:fb:52:79:95:13:11: 20:06:8c:fb:e7:0b:fd:96:08:eb:17:e6:5b:b5:a0: 8d:dd:22:63:99:af:ad:ce:8c:76:14:9a:31:55:d7: 95:ea:ff:10:6f:7c:9c:21:00:5e:be:df:b0:87:75: 5d:a6:87:ca:18:94:e7:6a:15:fe:27:dd:28:5e:c0: ad:d2:91:d3:2d:8e:c3:c0:9f:fb:ff:c0:36:7e:e2: d7:bc:41 Exponent: 65537 (0x10001) X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: DNS:localhost, DNS:dropbox.com, DNS:*.dropbox.com, DNS:filedropper.com, DNS:*.filedropper.com X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: F3:E5:38:5B:3C:AF:1C:73:C1:4C:7D:8B:C8:A1:03:82:65:0D:FF:45 X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:2B:37:39:7B:9F:45:14:FE:F8:BC:CA:E0:6E:B4:5F:D6:1A:2B:D7:B0 DirName:/C=****/ST=******/L=*******/O=*******/CN=******/emailAddress=******* serial:EE:8C:A3:B4:40:90:B0:62 X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:TRUE Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption 46:2a:2c:e0:66:e3:fa:c6:80:b6:81:e7:db:c3:29:ab:e7:1c: f0:d9:a0:b7:a9:57:8c:81:3e:30:8f:7d:ef:f7:ed:3c:5f:1e: a5:f6:ae:09:ab:5e:63:b4:f6:d6:b6:ac:1c:a0:ec:10:19:ce: dd:5a:62:06:b4:88:5a:57:26:81:8e:38:b9:0f:26:cd:d9:36: 83:52:ec:df:f4:63:ce:a1:ba:d4:1c:ec:b6:66:ed:f0:32:0e: 25:87:79:fa:95:ee:0f:a0:c6:2d:8f:e9:fb:11:de:cf:26:fa: 59:fa:bd:0b:74:76:a6:5d:41:0d:cd:35:4e:ca:80:58:2a:a8: 5d:e4:d8:cf:ef:92:8d:52:f9:f2:bf:65:50:da:a8:10:1b:5e: 50:a7:7e:57:7b:94:7f:5c:74:2e:80:ae:1e:24:5f:0b:7b:7e: 19:b6:b5:bd:9d:46:5a:e8:47:43:aa:51:b3:4b:3f:12:df:7f: ef:65:21:85:c2:f6:83:84:d0:8d:8b:d9:6d:a8:f9:11:d4:65: 7d:8f:28:22:3c:34:bb:99:4e:14:89:45:a4:62:ed:52:b1:64: 9a:fd:08:cd:ff:ca:9e:3b:51:81:33:e6:37:aa:cb:76:01:90: d1:39:6f:6a:8b:2d:f5:07:f8:f4:2a:ce:01:37:ba:4b:7f:d4: 62:d7:d6:66:b8:78:ad:0b:23:b6:2e:b0:9a:fc:0f:8c:4c:29: 86:a0:bc:33:71:e5:7f:aa:3e:0e:ca:02:e1:f6:88:f0:ff:a2: 04:5a:f5:d7:fe:7d:49:0a:d2:63:9c:24:ed:02:c7:4d:63:e6: 0c:e1:04:cd:a4:bf:a8:31:d3:10:db:b4:71:48:f7:1a:1b:d9: eb:a7:2e:26:00:38:bd:a8:96:b4:83:09:c9:3d:79:90:e1:61: 2c:fc:a0:2c:6b:7d:46:a8:d7:17:7f:ae:60:79:c1:b6:5c:f9: 3c:84:64:7b:7f:db:e9:f1:55:04:6e:b5:d3:5e:d3:e3:13:29: 3f:0b:03:f2:d7:a8:30:02:e1:12:f4:ae:61:6f:f5:4b:e9:ed: 1d:33:af:cd:9b:43:42:35:1a:d4:f6:b9:fb:bf:c9:8d:6c:30: 25:33:43:49:32:43:a5:a8:d8:82:ef:b0:a6:bd:8b:fb:b6:ed: 72:fd:9a:8f:00:3b:97:a3:35:a4:ad:26:2f:a9:7d:74:08:82: 26:71:40:f9:9b:01:14:2e:82:fb:2f:c0:11:51:00:51:07:f9: e1:f6:1f:13:6e:03:ee:d7:85:c2:64:ce:54:3f:15:d4:d7:92: 5f:87:aa:1e:b4:df:51:77:12:04:d2:a5:59:b3:26:87:79:ce: ee:be:60:4e:87:20:5c:7f -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- **some base64 stuff** -----END CERTIFICATE-----

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• solved: puppet master REST API returns 403 when running under passenger works when master runs from command line

  - by Anadi Misra

  I am using the standard auth.conf provided in puppet install for the puppet master which is running through passenger under Nginx. However for most of the catalog, files and certitifcate request I get a 403 response. ### Authenticated paths - these apply only when the client ### has a valid certificate and is thus authenticated # allow nodes to retrieve their own catalog path ~ ^/catalog/([^/]+)$ method find allow $1 # allow nodes to retrieve their own node definition path ~ ^/node/([^/]+)$ method find allow $1 # allow all nodes to access the certificates services path ~ ^/certificate_revocation_list/ca method find allow * # allow all nodes to store their reports path /report method save allow * # unconditionally allow access to all file services # which means in practice that fileserver.conf will # still be used path /file allow * ### Unauthenticated ACL, for clients for which the current master doesn't ### have a valid certificate; we allow authenticated users, too, because ### there isn't a great harm in letting that request through. # allow access to the master CA path /certificate/ca auth any method find allow * path /certificate/ auth any method find allow * path /certificate_request auth any method find, save allow * path /facts auth any method find, search allow * # this one is not stricly necessary, but it has the merit # of showing the default policy, which is deny everything else path / auth any Puppet master however does not seems to be following this as I get this error on client [amisr1@blramisr195602 ~]$ sudo puppet agent --no-daemonize --verbose --server bangvmpllda02.XXXXX.com [sudo] password for amisr1: Starting Puppet client version 3.0.1 Warning: Unable to fetch my node definition, but the agent run will continue: Warning: Error 403 on SERVER: Forbidden request: XX.XXX.XX.XX(XX.XXX.XX.XX) access to /certificate_revocation_list/ca [find] at :110 Info: Retrieving plugin Error: /File[/var/lib/puppet/lib]: Failed to generate additional resources using 'eval_generate: Error 403 on SERVER: Forbidden request: XX.XXX.XX.XX(XX.XXX.XX.XX) access to /file_metadata/plugins [search] at :110 Error: /File[/var/lib/puppet/lib]: Could not evaluate: Error 403 on SERVER: Forbidden request: XX.XXX.XX.XX(XX.XXX.XX.XX) access to /file_metadata/plugins [find] at :110 Could not retrieve file metadata for puppet://devops.XXXXX.com/plugins: Error 403 on SERVER: Forbidden request: XX.XXX.XX.XX(XX.XXX.XX.XX) access to /file_metadata/plugins [find] at :110 Error: Could not retrieve catalog from remote server: Error 403 on SERVER: Forbidden request: XX.XXX.XX.XX(XX.XXX.XX.XX) access to /catalog/blramisr195602.XXXXX.com [find] at :110 Using cached catalog Error: Could not retrieve catalog; skipping run Error: Could not send report: Error 403 on SERVER: Forbidden request: XX.XXX.XX.XX(XX.XXX.XX.XX) access to /report/blramisr195602.XXXXX.com [save] at :110 and the server logs show XX.XXX.XX.XX - - [10/Dec/2012:14:46:52 +0530] "GET /production/certificate_revocation_list/ca? HTTP/1.1" 403 102 "-" "Ruby" XX.XXX.XX.XX - - [10/Dec/2012:14:46:52 +0530] "GET /production/file_metadatas/plugins?links=manage&recurse=true&&ignore=---+%0A++-+%22.svn%22%0A++-+CVS%0A++-+%22.git%22&checksum_type=md5 HTTP/1.1" 403 95 "-" "Ruby" XX.XXX.XX.XX - - [10/Dec/2012:14:46:52 +0530] "GET /production/file_metadata/plugins? HTTP/1.1" 403 93 "-" "Ruby" XX.XXX.XX.XX - - [10/Dec/2012:14:46:53 +0530] "POST /production/catalog/blramisr195602.XXXXX.com HTTP/1.1" 403 106 "-" "Ruby" XX.XXX.XX.XX - - [10/Dec/2012:14:46:53 +0530] "PUT /production/report/blramisr195602.XXXXX.com HTTP/1.1" 403 105 "-" "Ruby" thefile server conf file is as follows (and goin by what they say on puppet site, It is better to regulate access in auth.conf for reaching file server and then allow file server to server all) [files] path /apps/puppet/files allow * [private] path /apps/puppet/private/%H allow * [modules] allow * I am using server and client version 3 Nginx has been compiled using the following options nginx version: nginx/1.3.9 built by gcc 4.4.6 20120305 (Red Hat 4.4.6-4) (GCC) TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/apps/nginx --conf-path=/apps/nginx/nginx.conf --pid-path=/apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid --error-log-path=/apps/nginx/logs/error.log --http-log-path=/apps/nginx/logs/access.log --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --add-module=/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.18/ext/nginx --add-module=/apps/Downloads/nginx/nginx-auth-ldap-master/ and the standard nginx puppet master conf server { ssl on; listen 8140 ssl; server_name _; passenger_enabled on; passenger_set_cgi_param HTTP_X_CLIENT_DN $ssl_client_s_dn; passenger_set_cgi_param HTTP_X_CLIENT_VERIFY $ssl_client_verify; passenger_min_instances 5; access_log logs/puppet_access.log; error_log logs/puppet_error.log; root /apps/nginx/html/rack/public; ssl_certificate /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/bangvmpllda02.XXXXXX.com.pem; ssl_certificate_key /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/bangvmpllda02.XXXXXX.com.pem; ssl_crl /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crl.pem; ssl_client_certificate /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem; ssl_ciphers SSLv2:-LOW:-EXPORT:RC4+RSA; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; ssl_verify_client optional; ssl_verify_depth 1; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:128m; ssl_session_timeout 5m; } Puppet is picking up the correct settings from the files mentioned because config print command points to /etc/puppet [amisr1@bangvmpllDA02 puppet]$ sudo puppet config print | grep conf async_storeconfigs = false authconfig = /etc/puppet/namespaceauth.conf autosign = /etc/puppet/autosign.conf catalog_cache_terminus = store_configs confdir = /etc/puppet config = /etc/puppet/puppet.conf config_file_name = puppet.conf config_version = "" configprint = all configtimeout = 120 dblocation = /var/lib/puppet/state/clientconfigs.sqlite3 deviceconfig = /etc/puppet/device.conf fileserverconfig = /etc/puppet/fileserver.conf genconfig = false hiera_config = /etc/puppet/hiera.yaml localconfig = /var/lib/puppet/state/localconfig name = config rest_authconfig = /etc/puppet/auth.conf storeconfigs = true storeconfigs_backend = puppetdb tagmap = /etc/puppet/tagmail.conf thin_storeconfigs = false I checked the firewall rules on this VM; 80, 443, 8140, 3000 are allowed. Do I still have to tweak any specifics to auth.conf for getting this to work? Update I added verbose logging to the puppet master and restarted nginx; here's the additional info I see in logs Mon Dec 10 18:19:15 +0530 2012 Puppet (err): Could not resolve 10.209.47.31: no name for 10.209.47.31 Mon Dec 10 18:19:15 +0530 2012 access[/] (info): defaulting to no access for 10.209.47.31 Mon Dec 10 18:19:15 +0530 2012 Puppet (warning): Denying access: Forbidden request: 10.209.47.31(10.209.47.31) access to /file_metadata/plugins [find] at :111 Mon Dec 10 18:19:15 +0530 2012 Puppet (err): Forbidden request: 10.209.47.31(10.209.47.31) access to /file_metadata/plugins [find] at :111 10.209.47.31 - - [10/Dec/2012:18:19:15 +0530] "GET /production/file_metadata/plugins? HTTP/1.1" 403 93 "-" "Ruby" On the agent machine facter fqdn and hostname both return a fully qualified host name [amisr1@blramisr195602 ~]$ sudo facter fqdn blramisr195602.XXXXXXX.com I then updated the agent configuration to add dns_alt_names = 10.209.47.31 cleaned all certificates on master and agent and regenerated the certificates and signed them on master using the option --allow-dns-alt-names [amisr1@bangvmpllDA02 ~]$ sudo puppet cert sign blramisr195602.XXXXXX.com Error: CSR 'blramisr195602.XXXXXX.com' contains subject alternative names (DNS:10.209.47.31, DNS:blramisr195602.XXXXXX.com), which are disallowed. Use `puppet cert --allow-dns-alt-names sign blramisr195602.XXXXXX.com` to sign this request. [amisr1@bangvmpllDA02 ~]$ sudo puppet cert --allow-dns-alt-names sign blramisr195602.XXXXXX.com Signed certificate request for blramisr195602.XXXXXX.com Removing file Puppet::SSL::CertificateRequest blramisr195602.XXXXXX.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/requests/blramisr195602.XXXXXX.com.pem' however, that doesn't help either; I get same errors as before. Not sure why in the logs it shows comparing access rules by IP and not hostname. Is there any Nginx configuration to change this behavior?

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• C# 4: The Curious ConcurrentDictionary

  - by James Michael Hare

  In my previous post (here) I did a comparison of the new ConcurrentQueue versus the old standard of a System.Collections.Generic Queue with simple locking.  The results were exactly what I would have hoped, that the ConcurrentQueue was faster with multi-threading for most all situations.  In addition, concurrent collections have the added benefit that you can enumerate them even if they're being modified. So I set out to see what the improvements would be for the ConcurrentDictionary, would it have the same performance benefits as the ConcurrentQueue did?  Well, after running some tests and multiple tweaks and tunes, I have good and bad news. But first, let's look at the tests.  Obviously there's many things we can do with a dictionary.  One of the most notable uses, of course, in a multi-threaded environment is for a small, local in-memory cache.  So I set about to do a very simple simulation of a cache where I would create a test class that I'll just call an Accessor.  This accessor will attempt to look up a key in the dictionary, and if the key exists, it stops (i.e. a cache "hit").  However, if the lookup fails, it will then try to add the key and value to the dictionary (i.e. a cache "miss").  So here's the Accessor that will run the tests: 1: internal class Accessor 2: { 3: public int Hits { get; set; } 4: public int Misses { get; set; } 5: public Func<int, string> GetDelegate { get; set; } 6: public Action<int, string> AddDelegate { get; set; } 7: public int Iterations { get; set; } 8: public int MaxRange { get; set; } 9: public int Seed { get; set; } 10:  11: public void Access() 12: { 13: var randomGenerator = new Random(Seed); 14:  15: for (int i=0; i<Iterations; i++) 16: { 17: // give a wide spread so will have some duplicates and some unique 18: var target = randomGenerator.Next(1, MaxRange); 19:  20: // attempt to grab the item from the cache 21: var result = GetDelegate(target); 22:  23: // if the item doesn't exist, add it 24: if(result == null) 25: { 26: AddDelegate(target, target.ToString()); 27: Misses++; 28: } 29: else 30: { 31: Hits++; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } Note that so I could test different implementations, I defined a GetDelegate and AddDelegate that will call the appropriate dictionary methods to add or retrieve items in the cache using various techniques. So let's examine the three techniques I decided to test: Dictionary with mutex - Just your standard generic Dictionary with a simple lock construct on an internal object. Dictionary with ReaderWriterLockSlim - Same Dictionary, but now using a lock designed to let multiple readers access simultaneously and then locked when a writer needs access. ConcurrentDictionary - The new ConcurrentDictionary from System.Collections.Concurrent that is supposed to be optimized to allow multiple threads to access safely. So the approach to each of these is also fairly straight-forward.  Let's look at the GetDelegate and AddDelegate implementations for the Dictionary with mutex lock: 1: var addDelegate = (key,val) => 2: { 3: lock (_mutex) 4: { 5: _dictionary[key] = val; 6: } 7: }; 8: var getDelegate = (key) => 9: { 10: lock (_mutex) 11: { 12: string val; 13: return _dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out val) ? val : null; 14: } 15: }; Nothing new or fancy here, just your basic lock on a private object and then query/insert into the Dictionary. Now, for the Dictionary with ReadWriteLockSlim it's a little more complex: 1: var addDelegate = (key,val) => 2: { 3: _readerWriterLock.EnterWriteLock(); 4: _dictionary[key] = val; 5: _readerWriterLock.ExitWriteLock(); 6: }; 7: var getDelegate = (key) => 8: { 9: string val; 10: _readerWriterLock.EnterReadLock(); 11: if(!_dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out val)) 12: { 13: val = null; 14: } 15: _readerWriterLock.ExitReadLock(); 16: return val; 17: }; And finally, the ConcurrentDictionary, which since it does all it's own concurrency control, is remarkably elegant and simple: 1: var addDelegate = (key,val) => 2: { 3: _concurrentDictionary[key] = val; 4: }; 5: var getDelegate = (key) => 6: { 7: string s; 8: return _concurrentDictionary.TryGetValue(key, out s) ? s : null; 9: };                    Then, I set up a test harness that would simply ask the user for the number of concurrent Accessors to attempt to Access the cache (as specified in Accessor.Access() above) and then let them fly and see how long it took them all to complete.  Each of these tests was run with 10,000,000 cache accesses divided among the available Accessor instances.  All times are in milliseconds. 1: Dictionary with Mutex Locking 2: --------------------------------------------------- 3: Accessors Mostly Misses Mostly Hits 4: 1 7916 3285 5: 10 8293 3481 6: 100 8799 3532 7: 1000 8815 3584 8:  9:  10: Dictionary with ReaderWriterLockSlim Locking 11: --------------------------------------------------- 12: Accessors Mostly Misses Mostly Hits 13: 1 8445 3624 14: 10 11002 4119 15: 100 11076 3992 16: 1000 14794 4861 17:  18:  19: Concurrent Dictionary 20: --------------------------------------------------- 21: Accessors Mostly Misses Mostly Hits 22: 1 17443 3726 23: 10 14181 1897 24: 100 15141 1994 25: 1000 17209 2128 The first test I did across the board is the Mostly Misses category.  The mostly misses (more adds because data requested was not in the dictionary) shows an interesting trend.  In both cases the Dictionary with the simple mutex lock is much faster, and the ConcurrentDictionary is the slowest solution.  But this got me thinking, and a little research seemed to confirm it, maybe the ConcurrentDictionary is more optimized to concurrent "gets" than "adds".  So since the ratio of misses to hits were 2 to 1, I decided to reverse that and see the results. So I tweaked the data so that the number of keys were much smaller than the number of iterations to give me about a 2 to 1 ration of hits to misses (twice as likely to already find the item in the cache than to need to add it).  And yes, indeed here we see that the ConcurrentDictionary is indeed faster than the standard Dictionary here.  I have a strong feeling that as the ration of hits-to-misses gets higher and higher these number gets even better as well.  This makes sense since the ConcurrentDictionary is read-optimized. Also note that I tried the tests with capacity and concurrency hints on the ConcurrentDictionary but saw very little improvement, I think this is largely because on the 10,000,000 hit test it quickly ramped up to the correct capacity and concurrency and thus the impact was limited to the first few milliseconds of the run. So what does this tell us?  Well, as in all things, ConcurrentDictionary is not a panacea.  It won't solve all your woes and it shouldn't be the only Dictionary you ever use.  So when should we use each? Use System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary when: You need a single-threaded Dictionary (no locking needed). You need a multi-threaded Dictionary that is loaded only once at creation and never modified (no locking needed). You need a multi-threaded Dictionary to store items where writes are far more prevalent than reads (locking needed). And use System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary when: You need a multi-threaded Dictionary where the writes are far more prevalent than reads. You need to be able to iterate over the collection without locking it even if its being modified. Both Dictionaries have their strong suits, I have a feeling this is just one where you need to know from design what you hope to use it for and make your decision based on that criteria.

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• Parallel LINQ - PLINQ

  - by nmarun

  Turns out now with .net 4.0 we can run a query like a multi-threaded application. Say you want to query a collection of objects and return only those that meet certain conditions. Until now, we basically had one ‘control’ that iterated over all the objects in the collection, checked the condition on each object and returned if it passed. We obviously agree that if we can ‘break’ this task into smaller ones, assign each task to a different ‘control’ and ask all the controls to do their job - in-parallel, the time taken the finish the entire task will be much lower. Welcome to PLINQ. Let’s take some examples. I have the following method that uses our good ol’ LINQ. 1: private static void Linq(int lowerLimit, int upperLimit) 2: { 3: // populate an array with int values from lowerLimit to the upperLimit 4: var source = Enumerable.Range(lowerLimit, upperLimit); 5:  6: // Start a timer 7: Stopwatch stopwatch = new Stopwatch(); 8: stopwatch.Start(); 9:  10: // set the expectation => build the expression tree 11: var evenNumbers =   from num in source 12: where IsDivisibleBy(num, 2) 13: select num; 14: 15: // iterate over and print the returned items 16: foreach (var number in evenNumbers) 17: { 18: Console.WriteLine(string.Format("** {0}", number)); 19: } 20:  21: stopwatch.Stop(); 22:  23: // check the metrics 24: Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Elapsed {0}ms", stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds)); 25: } I’ve added comments for the major steps, but the only thing I want to talk about here is the IsDivisibleBy() method. I know I could have just included the logic directly in the where clause. I called a method to add ‘delay’ to the execution of the query - to simulate a loooooooooong operation (will be easier to compare the results). 1: private static bool IsDivisibleBy(int number, int divisor) 2: { 3: // iterate over some database query 4: // to add time to the execution of this method; 5: // the TableB has around 10 records 6: for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) 7: { 8: DataClasses1DataContext dataContext = new DataClasses1DataContext(); 9: var query = from b in dataContext.TableBs select b; 10: 11: foreach (var row in query) 12: { 13: // Do NOTHING (wish my job was like this) 14: } 15: } 16:  17: return number % divisor == 0; 18: } Now, let’s look at how to modify this to PLINQ. 1: private static void Plinq(int lowerLimit, int upperLimit) 2: { 3: // populate an array with int values from lowerLimit to the upperLimit 4: var source = Enumerable.Range(lowerLimit, upperLimit); 5:  6: // Start a timer 7: Stopwatch stopwatch = new Stopwatch(); 8: stopwatch.Start(); 9:  10: // set the expectation => build the expression tree 11: var evenNumbers = from num in source.AsParallel() 12: where IsDivisibleBy(num, 2) 13: select num; 14:  15: // iterate over and print the returned items 16: foreach (var number in evenNumbers) 17: { 18: Console.WriteLine(string.Format("** {0}", number)); 19: } 20:  21: stopwatch.Stop(); 22:  23: // check the metrics 24: Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Elapsed {0}ms", stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds)); 25: } That’s it, this is now in PLINQ format. Oh and if you haven’t found the difference, look line 11 a little more closely. You’ll see an extension method ‘AsParallel()’ added to the ‘source’ variable. Couldn’t be more simpler right? So this is going to improve the performance for us. Let’s test it. So in my Main method of the Console application that I’m working on, I make a call to both. 1: static void Main(string[] args) 2: { 3: // set lower and upper limits 4: int lowerLimit = 1; 5: int upperLimit = 20; 6: // call the methods 7: Console.WriteLine("Calling Linq() method"); 8: Linq(lowerLimit, upperLimit); 9: 10: Console.WriteLine(); 11: Console.WriteLine("Calling Plinq() method"); 12: Plinq(lowerLimit, upperLimit); 13:  14: Console.ReadLine(); // just so I get enough time to read the output 15: } YMMV, but here are the results that I got:    It’s quite obvious from the above results that the Plinq() method is taking considerably less time than the Linq() version. I’m sure you’ve already noticed that the output of the Plinq() method is not in order. That’s because, each of the ‘control’s we sent to fetch the results, reported with values as and when they obtained them. This is something about parallel LINQ that one needs to remember – the collection cannot be guaranteed to be undisturbed. This could be counted as a negative about PLINQ (emphasize ‘could’). Nevertheless, if we want the collection to be sorted, we can use a SortedSet (.net 4.0) or build our own custom ‘sorter’. Either way we go, there’s a good chance we’ll end up with a better performance using PLINQ. And there’s another negative of PLINQ (depending on how you see it). This is regarding the CPU cycles. See the usage for Linq() method (used ResourceMonitor): I have dual CPU’s and see the height of the peak in the bottom two blocks and now compare to what happens when I run the Plinq() method. The difference is obvious. Higher usage, but for a shorter duration (width of the peak). Both these points make sense in both cases. Linq() runs for a longer time, but uses less resources whereas Plinq() runs for a shorter time and consumes more resources. Even after knowing all these, I’m still inclined towards PLINQ. PLINQ rocks! (no hard feelings LINQ)

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• And What's Your Brand Worth? ...anything?

  - by [email protected]

  100 Best Global Brands from Business Week Story: The Great Trust Offensive Slide Show: Top Brands 2009 Methodology: Picking the Winners The recession has presented marketing executives around the world with the toughest test of their careers. Some brands have prospered amid the hard times--or at least held their own. Others have slipped a surprising number of places on our ninth annual ranking, compiled by consultancy Interbrand. But for seven brands, impressive performances saw them race up the charts to take their place on this year's list. Here are the numbers behind the rankings Rank 2009 Rank 2008 Employer 2009 Brand value($millions) 2008 Brand value($millions) Percent change(%) Country of Ownership 1 1 Coca-Cola  68,734  66,667  3 U.S. 2 2 IBM  60,211  59,031  2 U.S. 3 3 Microsoft  56,647  59,007  -4 U.S. 4 4 GE  47,777  53,086  -10 U.S. 5 5 Nokia  34,864  35,942  -3 Finland 6 8 McDonald's  32,275  31,049  4 U.S. 7 10 Google  31,980  25,590  25 U.S. 8 6 Toyota  31,330  34,050  -8 Japan 9 7 Intel  30,636  31,261  -2 U.S. 10 9 Disney  28,447  29,251  -3 U.S. 11 12 Hewlett-Packard  24,096  23,509  2 U.S. 12 11 Mercedes-Benz  23,867  25,577  -7 Germany 13 14 Gillette  22,841  22,069  4 U.S. 14 17 Cisco  22,030  21,306  3 U.S. 15 13 BMW  21,671  23,298  -7 Germany 16 16 Louis Vuitton  21,120  21,602  -2 France 17 18 Marlboro  19,010  21,300  -11 U.S. 18 20 Honda  17,803  19,079  -7 Japan 19 21 Samsung  17,518  17,689  -1 S. Korea 20 24 Apple  15,443  13,724  12 U.S. 21 22 H&M  15,375  13,840  11 Sweden 22 15 American Express  14,971  21,940  -32 U.S. 23 26 Pepsi  13,706  13,249  3 U.S. 24 23 Oracle  13,699  13,831  -1 U.S. 25 28 Nescafe  13,317  13,055  2 Switzerland 26 29 Nike  13,179  12,672  4 U.S. 27 31 SAP  12,106  12,228  -1 Germany 28 35 Ikea  12,004  10,913  10 Sweden 29 25 Sony  11,953  13,583  -12 Japan 30 33 Budweiser  11,833  11,438  3 Belgium 31 30 UPS  11,594  12,621  -8 U.S. 32 27 HSBC  10,510  13,143  -20 Britain 33 36 Canon  10,441  10,876  -4 Japan 34 39 Kellogg's  10,428  9,710  7 U.S. 35 32 Dell  10,291  11,695  -12 U.S. 36 19 Citi  10,254  20,174  -49 U.S. 37 37 JPMorgan  9,550  10,773  -11 U.S. 38 38 Goldman Sachs  9,248  10,331  -10 U.S. 39 40 Nintendo  9,210  8,772  5 Japan 40 44 Thomson Reuters  8,434  8,313  1 Canada 41 45 Gucci  8,182  8,254  -1 Italy 42 43 Philips  8,121  8,325  -2 Netherlands 43 58 Amazon  7,858  6,434  22 U.S. 44 51 L'Oreal  7,748  7,508  3 France 45 47 Accenture  7,710  7,948  -3 U.S. 46 46 eBay  7,350  7,991  -8 U.S. 47 48 Siemens  7,308  7,943  -8 Germany 48 56 Heinz  7,244  6,646  9 U.S. 49 49 Ford  7,005  7,896  -11 U.S. 50 62 Zara  6,789  5,955  14 Spain   Valuations do not represent a guarantee of future performance of the brands or companies. Data: Interbrand, BusinessWeek

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• Why does Akonadi on KDE 4.6.0 refuse to start?

  - by Patches

  Akonadi refuses to start on my fresh installation of KDE 4.6.0 from the kubuntu-backports PPA on Ubuntu 10.10 Maverick Meerkat, preventing me from usking KMail. Here is the full error output: patches@pleistocene:~/.local/share$ akonadictl start Starting Akonadi Server... done. patches@pleistocene:~/.local/share$ Connecting to deprecated signal QDBusConnectionInterface::serviceOwnerChanged(QString,QString,QString) search paths: ("/home/patches/bin", "/usr/local/sbin", "/usr/local/bin", "/usr/sbin", "/usr/bin", "/sbin", "/bin", "/usr/games", "/usr/sbin", "/usr/local/sbin", "/usr/local/libexec", "/usr/libexec", "/opt/mysql/libexec", "/opt/local/lib/mysql5/bin", "/opt/mysql/sbin") Found mysql_install_db: "/usr/bin/mysql_install_db" Found mysqlcheck: "/usr/bin/mysqlcheck" Database process exited unexpectedly during initial connection! executable: "/usr/sbin/mysqld-akonadi" arguments: ("--defaults-file=/home/patches/.local/share/akonadi//mysql.conf", "--datadir=/home/patches/.local/share/akonadi/db_data/", "--socket=/home/patches/.local/share/akonadi/socket-pleistocene/mysql.socket") stdout: "" stderr: "Could not open required defaults file: /home/patches/.local/share/akonadi//mysql.conf Fatal error in defaults handling. Program aborted 110209 16:41:12 [Warning] Can't create test file /home/patches/.local/share/akonadi/db_data/pleistocene.lower-test 110209 16:41:12 [Warning] Can't create test file /home/patches/.local/share/akonadi/db_data/pleistocene.lower-test 110209 16:41:12 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. /usr/sbin/mysqld-akonadi: Can't find file: './mysql/plugin.frm' (errno: 13) 110209 16:41:12 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it. 110209 16:41:12 InnoDB: Operating system error number 13 in a file operation. InnoDB: The error means mysqld does not have the access rights to InnoDB: the directory. InnoDB: File name ./ibdata1 InnoDB: File operation call: 'create'. InnoDB: Cannot continue operation. " exit code: 1 process error: "Unknown error" "[ 0: akonadiserver(_Z11akBacktracev+0x35) [0x8086055] 1: akonadiserver() [0x8086516] 2: [0xb772e400] 3: [0xb772e416] 4: /lib/libc.so.6(gsignal+0x51) [0xb6e9f941] 5: /lib/libc.so.6(abort+0x182) [0xb6ea2e42] 6: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_Z17qt_message_output9QtMsgTypePKc+0x8c) [0xb74d62dc] 7: akonadiserver(_ZN15FileDebugStream9writeDataEPKcx+0xc4) [0x8087574] 8: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_ZN9QIODevice5writeEPKcx+0x8e) [0xb757168e] 9: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(+0x103425) [0xb7581425] 10: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_ZN11QTextStreamD1Ev+0x3d) [0xb758295d] 11: akonadiserver(_ZN6QDebugD1Ev+0x43) [0x8081b73] 12: akonadiserver(_ZN13DbConfigMysql19startInternalServerEv+0x1c27) [0x810c177] 13: akonadiserver(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServer20startDatabaseProcessEv+0xe3) [0x8087a23] 14: akonadiserver(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServerC1EP7QObject+0xca) [0x8088b6a] 15: akonadiserver(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServer8instanceEv+0x48) [0x808a1d8] 16: akonadiserver(main+0x364) [0x8080fb4] 17: /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe7) [0xb6e8bce7] 18: akonadiserver() [0x8080b81] ] " ProcessControl: Application 'akonadiserver' returned with exit code 255 (Unknown error) search paths: ("/home/patches/bin", "/usr/local/sbin", "/usr/local/bin", "/usr/sbin", "/usr/bin", "/sbin", "/bin", "/usr/games", "/usr/sbin", "/usr/local/sbin", "/usr/local/libexec", "/usr/libexec", "/opt/mysql/libexec", "/opt/local/lib/mysql5/bin", "/opt/mysql/sbin") Found mysql_install_db: "/usr/bin/mysql_install_db" Found mysqlcheck: "/usr/bin/mysqlcheck" Database process exited unexpectedly during initial connection! executable: "/usr/sbin/mysqld-akonadi" arguments: ("--defaults-file=/home/patches/.local/share/akonadi//mysql.conf", "--datadir=/home/patches/.local/share/akonadi/db_data/", "--socket=/home/patches/.local/share/akonadi/socket-pleistocene/mysql.socket") stdout: "" stderr: "Could not open required defaults file: /home/patches/.local/share/akonadi//mysql.conf Fatal error in defaults handling. Program aborted 110209 16:41:12 [Warning] Can't create test file /home/patches/.local/share/akonadi/db_data/pleistocene.lower-test 110209 16:41:12 [Warning] Can't create test file /home/patches/.local/share/akonadi/db_data/pleistocene.lower-test 110209 16:41:12 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. /usr/sbin/mysqld-akonadi: Can't find file: './mysql/plugin.frm' (errno: 13) 110209 16:41:12 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it. 110209 16:41:12 InnoDB: Operating system error number 13 in a file operation. InnoDB: The error means mysqld does not have the access rights to InnoDB: the directory. InnoDB: File name ./ibdata1 InnoDB: File operation call: 'create'. InnoDB: Cannot continue operation. " exit code: 1 process error: "Unknown error" "[ 0: akonadiserver(_Z11akBacktracev+0x35) [0x8086055] 1: akonadiserver() [0x8086516] 2: [0xb77ae400] 3: [0xb77ae416] 4: /lib/libc.so.6(gsignal+0x51) [0xb6f1f941] 5: /lib/libc.so.6(abort+0x182) [0xb6f22e42] 6: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_Z17qt_message_output9QtMsgTypePKc+0x8c) [0xb75562dc] 7: akonadiserver(_ZN15FileDebugStream9writeDataEPKcx+0xc4) [0x8087574] 8: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_ZN9QIODevice5writeEPKcx+0x8e) [0xb75f168e] 9: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(+0x103425) [0xb7601425] 10: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_ZN11QTextStreamD1Ev+0x3d) [0xb760295d] 11: akonadiserver(_ZN6QDebugD1Ev+0x43) [0x8081b73] 12: akonadiserver(_ZN13DbConfigMysql19startInternalServerEv+0x1c27) [0x810c177] 13: akonadiserver(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServer20startDatabaseProcessEv+0xe3) [0x8087a23] 14: akonadiserver(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServerC1EP7QObject+0xca) [0x8088b6a] 15: akonadiserver(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServer8instanceEv+0x48) [0x808a1d8] 16: akonadiserver(main+0x364) [0x8080fb4] 17: /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe7) [0xb6f0bce7] 18: akonadiserver() [0x8080b81] ] " ProcessControl: Application 'akonadiserver' returned with exit code 255 (Unknown error) search paths: ("/home/patches/bin", "/usr/local/sbin", "/usr/local/bin", "/usr/sbin", "/usr/bin", "/sbin", "/bin", "/usr/games", "/usr/sbin", "/usr/local/sbin", "/usr/local/libexec", "/usr/libexec", "/opt/mysql/libexec", "/opt/local/lib/mysql5/bin", "/opt/mysql/sbin") Found mysql_install_db: "/usr/bin/mysql_install_db" Found mysqlcheck: "/usr/bin/mysqlcheck" Database process exited unexpectedly during initial connection! executable: "/usr/sbin/mysqld-akonadi" arguments: ("--defaults-file=/home/patches/.local/share/akonadi//mysql.conf", "--datadir=/home/patches/.local/share/akonadi/db_data/", "--socket=/home/patches/.local/share/akonadi/socket-pleistocene/mysql.socket") stdout: "" stderr: "Could not open required defaults file: /home/patches/.local/share/akonadi//mysql.conf Fatal error in defaults handling. Program aborted 110209 16:41:12 [Warning] Can't create test file /home/patches/.local/share/akonadi/db_data/pleistocene.lower-test 110209 16:41:12 [Warning] Can't create test file /home/patches/.local/share/akonadi/db_data/pleistocene.lower-test 110209 16:41:12 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. /usr/sbin/mysqld-akonadi: Can't find file: './mysql/plugin.frm' (errno: 13) 110209 16:41:12 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it. 110209 16:41:12 InnoDB: Operating system error number 13 in a file operation. InnoDB: The error means mysqld does not have the access rights to InnoDB: the directory. InnoDB: File name ./ibdata1 InnoDB: File operation call: 'create'. InnoDB: Cannot continue operation. " exit code: 1 process error: "Unknown error" "[ 0: akonadiserver(_Z11akBacktracev+0x35) [0x8086055] 1: akonadiserver() [0x8086516] 2: [0xb778b400] 3: [0xb778b416] 4: /lib/libc.so.6(gsignal+0x51) [0xb6efc941] 5: /lib/libc.so.6(abort+0x182) [0xb6effe42] 6: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_Z17qt_message_output9QtMsgTypePKc+0x8c) [0xb75332dc] 7: akonadiserver(_ZN15FileDebugStream9writeDataEPKcx+0xc4) [0x8087574] 8: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_ZN9QIODevice5writeEPKcx+0x8e) [0xb75ce68e] 9: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(+0x103425) [0xb75de425] 10: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_ZN11QTextStreamD1Ev+0x3d) [0xb75df95d] 11: akonadiserver(_ZN6QDebugD1Ev+0x43) [0x8081b73] 12: akonadiserver(_ZN13DbConfigMysql19startInternalServerEv+0x1c27) [0x810c177] 13: akonadiserver(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServer20startDatabaseProcessEv+0xe3) [0x8087a23] 14: akonadiserver(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServerC1EP7QObject+0xca) [0x8088b6a] 15: akonadiserver(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServer8instanceEv+0x48) [0x808a1d8] 16: akonadiserver(main+0x364) [0x8080fb4] 17: /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe7) [0xb6ee8ce7] 18: akonadiserver() [0x8080b81] ] " ProcessControl: Application 'akonadiserver' returned with exit code 255 (Unknown error) search paths: ("/home/patches/bin", "/usr/local/sbin", "/usr/local/bin", "/usr/sbin", "/usr/bin", "/sbin", "/bin", "/usr/games", "/usr/sbin", "/usr/local/sbin", "/usr/local/libexec", "/usr/libexec", "/opt/mysql/libexec", "/opt/local/lib/mysql5/bin", "/opt/mysql/sbin") Found mysql_install_db: "/usr/bin/mysql_install_db" Found mysqlcheck: "/usr/bin/mysqlcheck" Database process exited unexpectedly during initial connection! executable: "/usr/sbin/mysqld-akonadi" arguments: ("--defaults-file=/home/patches/.local/share/akonadi//mysql.conf", "--datadir=/home/patches/.local/share/akonadi/db_data/", "--socket=/home/patches/.local/share/akonadi/socket-pleistocene/mysql.socket") stdout: "" stderr: "Could not open required defaults file: /home/patches/.local/share/akonadi//mysql.conf Fatal error in defaults handling. Program aborted 110209 16:41:12 [Warning] Can't create test file /home/patches/.local/share/akonadi/db_data/pleistocene.lower-test 110209 16:41:12 [Warning] Can't create test file /home/patches/.local/share/akonadi/db_data/pleistocene.lower-test 110209 16:41:12 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. /usr/sbin/mysqld-akonadi: Can't find file: './mysql/plugin.frm' (errno: 13) 110209 16:41:12 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it. 110209 16:41:12 InnoDB: Operating system error number 13 in a file operation. InnoDB: The error means mysqld does not have the access rights to InnoDB: the directory. InnoDB: File name ./ibdata1 InnoDB: File operation call: 'create'. InnoDB: Cannot continue operation. " exit code: 1 process error: "Unknown error" "[ 0: akonadiserver(_Z11akBacktracev+0x35) [0x8086055] 1: akonadiserver() [0x8086516] 2: [0xb784e400] 3: [0xb784e416] 4: /lib/libc.so.6(gsignal+0x51) [0xb6fbf941] 5: /lib/libc.so.6(abort+0x182) [0xb6fc2e42] 6: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_Z17qt_message_output9QtMsgTypePKc+0x8c) [0xb75f62dc] 7: akonadiserver(_ZN15FileDebugStream9writeDataEPKcx+0xc4) [0x8087574] 8: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_ZN9QIODevice5writeEPKcx+0x8e) [0xb769168e] 9: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(+0x103425) [0xb76a1425] 10: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_ZN11QTextStreamD1Ev+0x3d) [0xb76a295d] 11: akonadiserver(_ZN6QDebugD1Ev+0x43) [0x8081b73] 12: akonadiserver(_ZN13DbConfigMysql19startInternalServerEv+0x1c27) [0x810c177] 13: akonadiserver(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServer20startDatabaseProcessEv+0xe3) [0x8087a23] 14: akonadiserver(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServerC1EP7QObject+0xca) [0x8088b6a] 15: akonadiserver(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServer8instanceEv+0x48) [0x808a1d8] 16: akonadiserver(main+0x364) [0x8080fb4] 17: /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe7) [0xb6fabce7] 18: akonadiserver() [0x8080b81] ] " ProcessControl: Application 'akonadiserver' returned with exit code 255 (Unknown error) "akonadiserver" crashed too often and will not be restarted! I tried moving the ~/.local/share/akonadi folder and running it fresh, and I also tried starting Akonadi from a brand new user, all to no avail. Requested by @djeikyb: patches@pleistocene:~$ ls -ld ~/.local drwxrwx--- 3 patches patches 4096 2011-02-07 03:15 /home/patches/.local patches@pleistocene:~$ mysql_upgrade Looking for 'mysql' as: mysql Looking for 'mysqlcheck' as: mysqlcheck Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--port=3306' '--socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' mysqlcheck: Got error: 2002: Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2) when trying to connect FATAL ERROR: Upgrade failed patches@pleistocene:~$ mysql_upgrade -S ~/.local/share/akonadi/socket-pleistocene/ Looking for 'mysql' as: mysql Looking for 'mysqlcheck' as: mysqlcheck Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--port=3306' '--socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' '--socket=/home/patches/.local/share/akonadi/socket-pleistocene/' mysqlcheck: Got error: 2002: Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/home/patches/.local/share/akonadi/socket-pleistocene/' (111) when trying to connect FATAL ERROR: Upgrade failed

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• Set Context User Principal for Customized Authentication in SignalR

  - by Shaun

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/shaunxu/archive/2014/05/27/set-context-user-principal-for-customized-authentication-in-signalr.aspxCurrently I'm working on a single page application project which is built on AngularJS and ASP.NET WebAPI. When I need to implement some features that needs real-time communication and push notifications from server side I decided to use SignalR. SignalR is a project currently developed by Microsoft to build web-based, read-time communication application. You can find it here. With a lot of introductions and guides it's not a difficult task to use SignalR with ASP.NET WebAPI and AngularJS. I followed this and this even though it's based on SignalR 1. But when I tried to implement the authentication for my SignalR I was struggled 2 days and finally I got a solution by myself. This might not be the best one but it actually solved all my problem.   In many articles it's said that you don't need to worry about the authentication of SignalR since it uses the web application authentication. For example if your web application utilizes form authentication, SignalR will use the user principal your web application authentication module resolved, check if the principal exist and authenticated. But in my solution my ASP.NET WebAPI, which is hosting SignalR as well, utilizes OAuth Bearer authentication. So when the SignalR connection was established the context user principal was empty. So I need to authentication and pass the principal by myself.   Firstly I need to create a class which delivered from "AuthorizeAttribute", that will takes the responsible for authenticate when SignalR connection established and any method was invoked. 1: public class QueryStringBearerAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute 2: { 3: public override bool AuthorizeHubConnection(HubDescriptor hubDescriptor, IRequest request) 4: { 5: } 6:  7: public override bool AuthorizeHubMethodInvocation(IHubIncomingInvokerContext hubIncomingInvokerContext, bool appliesToMethod) 8: { 9: } 10: } The method "AuthorizeHubConnection" will be invoked when any SignalR connection was established. And here I'm going to retrieve the Bearer token from query string, try to decrypt and recover the login user's claims. 1: public override bool AuthorizeHubConnection(HubDescriptor hubDescriptor, IRequest request) 2: { 3: var dataProtectionProvider = new DpapiDataProtectionProvider(); 4: var secureDataFormat = new TicketDataFormat(dataProtectionProvider.Create()); 5: // authenticate by using bearer token in query string 6: var token = request.QueryString.Get(WebApiConfig.AuthenticationType); 7: var ticket = secureDataFormat.Unprotect(token); 8: if (ticket != null && ticket.Identity != null && ticket.Identity.IsAuthenticated) 9: { 10: // set the authenticated user principal into environment so that it can be used in the future 11: request.Environment["server.User"] = new ClaimsPrincipal(ticket.Identity); 12: return true; 13: } 14: else 15: { 16: return false; 17: } 18: } In the code above I created "TicketDataFormat" instance, which must be same as the one I used to generate the Bearer token when user logged in. Then I retrieve the token from request query string and unprotect it. If I got a valid ticket with identity and it's authenticated this means it's a valid token. Then I pass the user principal into request's environment property which can be used in nearly future. Since my website was built in AngularJS so the SignalR client was in pure JavaScript, and it's not support to set customized HTTP headers in SignalR JavaScript client, I have to pass the Bearer token through request query string. This is not a restriction of SignalR, but a restriction of WebSocket. For security reason WebSocket doesn't allow client to set customized HTTP headers from browser. Next, I need to implement the authentication logic in method "AuthorizeHubMethodInvocation" which will be invoked when any SignalR method was invoked. 1: public override bool AuthorizeHubMethodInvocation(IHubIncomingInvokerContext hubIncomingInvokerContext, bool appliesToMethod) 2: { 3: var connectionId = hubIncomingInvokerContext.Hub.Context.ConnectionId; 4: // check the authenticated user principal from environment 5: var environment = hubIncomingInvokerContext.Hub.Context.Request.Environment; 6: var principal = environment["server.User"] as ClaimsPrincipal; 7: if (principal != null && principal.Identity != null && principal.Identity.IsAuthenticated) 8: { 9: // create a new HubCallerContext instance with the principal generated from token 10: // and replace the current context so that in hubs we can retrieve current user identity 11: hubIncomingInvokerContext.Hub.Context = new HubCallerContext(new ServerRequest(environment), connectionId); 12: return true; 13: } 14: else 15: { 16: return false; 17: } 18: } Since I had passed the user principal into request environment in previous method, I can simply check if it exists and valid. If so, what I need is to pass the principal into context so that SignalR hub can use. Since the "User" property is all read-only in "hubIncomingInvokerContext", I have to create a new "ServerRequest" instance with principal assigned, and set to "hubIncomingInvokerContext.Hub.Context". After that, we can retrieve the principal in my Hubs through "Context.User" as below. 1: public class DefaultHub : Hub 2: { 3: public object Initialize(string host, string service, JObject payload) 4: { 5: var connectionId = Context.ConnectionId; 6: ... ... 7: var domain = string.Empty; 8: var identity = Context.User.Identity as ClaimsIdentity; 9: if (identity != null) 10: { 11: var claim = identity.FindFirst("Domain"); 12: if (claim != null) 13: { 14: domain = claim.Value; 15: } 16: } 17: ... ... 18: } 19: } Finally I just need to add my "QueryStringBearerAuthorizeAttribute" into the SignalR pipeline. 1: app.Map("/signalr", map => 2: { 3: // Setup the CORS middleware to run before SignalR. 4: // By default this will allow all origins. You can 5: // configure the set of origins and/or http verbs by 6: // providing a cors options with a different policy. 7: map.UseCors(CorsOptions.AllowAll); 8: var hubConfiguration = new HubConfiguration 9: { 10: // You can enable JSONP by uncommenting line below. 11: // JSONP requests are insecure but some older browsers (and some 12: // versions of IE) require JSONP to work cross domain 13: // EnableJSONP = true 14: EnableJavaScriptProxies = false 15: }; 16: // Require authentication for all hubs 17: var authorizer = new QueryStringBearerAuthorizeAttribute(); 18: var module = new AuthorizeModule(authorizer, authorizer); 19: GlobalHost.HubPipeline.AddModule(module); 20: // Run the SignalR pipeline. We're not using MapSignalR 21: // since this branch already runs under the "/signalr" path. 22: map.RunSignalR(hubConfiguration); 23: }); On the client side should pass the Bearer token through query string before I started the connection as below. 1: self.connection = $.hubConnection(signalrEndpoint); 2: self.proxy = self.connection.createHubProxy(hubName); 3: self.proxy.on(notifyEventName, function (event, payload) { 4: options.handler(event, payload); 5: }); 6: // add the authentication token to query string 7: // we cannot use http headers since web socket protocol doesn't support 8: self.connection.qs = { Bearer: AuthService.getToken() }; 9: // connection to hub 10: self.connection.start(); Hope this helps, Shaun All documents and related graphics, codes are provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind. Copyright © Shaun Ziyan Xu. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License.

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• How to configure TATA Photon+ EC1261 HUAWEI

  - by user3215

  I'm running ubuntu 10.04. I have a newly purchased TATA Photon+ Internet connection which supports Windows and Mac. On the Internet I found a article saying that it could be configured on Linux. I followed the steps to install it on Ubuntu from this link. I am still not able to get online, and need some help. Also, it is very slow, but I was told that I would see speeds up to 3.1MB. I dont have wvdial installed and cannot install it from apt as I'm not connected to internet Booting from windows I dowloaded "wvdial" .deb package and tried to install on ubuntu but it's ended with dependency problem. Automatically, don't know how, I got connected to internet only for once. Immediately I installed wvdial package after this I followed the tutorials(I could not browse and upload the files here) . From then it's showing that the device is connected in the network connections but no internet connection. Once I disable the device, it won't show as connected again and I'll have to restart my system. Sometimes the device itself not detected(wondering if there is any command to re-read the all devices). output of wvdialconf /etc/wvdial.cof: #wvdialconf /etc/wvdial.conf Editing `/etc/wvdial.conf'. Scanning your serial ports for a modem. ttyS0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 -- failed with 2400 baud, next try: 9600 baud ttyS0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 -- failed with 9600 baud, next try: 115200 baud ttyS0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 -- and failed too at 115200, giving up. Modem Port Scan<*1>: S1 S2 S3 WvModem<*1>: Cannot get information for serial port. ttyUSB0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 -- failed with 2400 baud, next try: 9600 baud ttyUSB0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 -- failed with 9600 baud, next try: 9600 baud ttyUSB0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 -- and failed too at 115200, giving up. WvModem<*1>: Cannot get information for serial port. ttyUSB1<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 -- failed with 2400 baud, next try: 9600 baud ttyUSB1<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 -- failed with 9600 baud, next try: 9600 baud ttyUSB1<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 -- and failed too at 115200, giving up. WvModem<*1>: Cannot get information for serial port. ttyUSB2<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 -- OK ttyUSB2<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 Z -- OK ttyUSB2<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 -- OK ttyUSB2<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 -- OK ttyUSB2<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 -- OK ttyUSB2<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0 -- OK ttyUSB2<*1>: Modem Identifier: ATI -- Manufacturer: +GMI: HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD ttyUSB2<*1>: Speed 9600: AT -- OK ttyUSB2<*1>: Max speed is 9600; that should be safe. ttyUSB2<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0 -- OK Found a modem on /dev/ttyUSB2. Modem configuration written to /etc/wvdial.conf. ttyUSB2<Info>: Speed 9600; init "ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0" output of wvdial: #wvdial --> WvDial: Internet dialer version 1.60 --> Cannot get information for serial port. --> Initializing modem. --> Sending: ATZ ATZ OK --> Sending: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0 ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0 OK --> Sending: AT+CRM=1 AT+CRM=1 OK --> Modem initialized. --> Sending: ATDT#777 --> Waiting for carrier. ATDT#777 CONNECT --> Carrier detected. Starting PPP immediately. --> Starting pppd at Sat Oct 16 15:30:47 2010 --> Pid of pppd: 5681 --> Using interface ppp0 --> pppd: (u;[08]@s;[08]`{;[08] --> pppd: (u;[08]@s;[08]`{;[08] --> pppd: (u;[08]@s;[08]`{;[08] --> pppd: (u;[08]@s;[08]`{;[08] --> pppd: (u;[08]@s;[08]`{;[08] --> pppd: (u;[08]@s;[08]`{;[08] --> local IP address 14.96.147.104 --> pppd: (u;[08]@s;[08]`{;[08] --> remote IP address 172.29.161.223 --> pppd: (u;[08]@s;[08]`{;[08] --> primary DNS address 121.40.152.90 --> pppd: (u;[08]@s;[08]`{;[08] --> secondary DNS address 121.40.152.100 --> pppd: (u;[08]@s;[08]`{;[08] Output of log message /var/log/messages: Oct 16 15:29:44 avyakta-desktop pppd[5119]: secondary DNS address 121.242.190.180 Oct 16 15:29:58 desktop pppd[5119]: Terminating on signal 15 Oct 16 15:29:58 desktop pppd[5119]: Connect time 0.3 minutes. Oct 16 15:29:58 desktop pppd[5119]: Sent 0 bytes, received 177 bytes. Oct 16 15:29:58 desktop pppd[5119]: Connection terminated. Oct 16 15:30:47 desktop pppd[5681]: pppd 2.4.5 started by root, uid 0 Oct 16 15:30:47 desktop pppd[5681]: Using interface ppp0 Oct 16 15:30:47 desktop pppd[5681]: Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/ttyUSB2 Oct 16 15:30:47 desktop pppd[5681]: CHAP authentication succeeded Oct 16 15:30:47 desktop pppd[5681]: CHAP authentication succeeded Oct 16 15:30:48 desktop pppd[5681]: local IP address 14.96.147.104 Oct 16 15:30:48 desktop pppd[5681]: remote IP address 172.29.161.223 Oct 16 15:30:48 desktop pppd[5681]: primary DNS address 121.40.152.90 Oct 16 15:30:48 desktop pppd[5681]: secondary DNS address 121.40.152.100 EDIT 1 : I tried the following sudo stop network-manager sudo killall modem-manager sudo /usr/sbin/modem-manager --debug > ~/mm.log 2>&1 & sudo /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon > ~/nm.log 2>&1 & Output of mm.log: #vim ~/mm.log: ** Message: Loaded plugin Option High-Speed ** Message: Loaded plugin Option ** Message: Loaded plugin Huawei ** Message: Loaded plugin Longcheer ** Message: Loaded plugin AnyData ** Message: Loaded plugin ZTE ** Message: Loaded plugin Ericsson MBM ** Message: Loaded plugin Sierra ** Message: Loaded plugin Generic ** Message: Loaded plugin Gobi ** Message: Loaded plugin Novatel ** Message: Loaded plugin Nokia ** Message: Loaded plugin MotoC Output of nm.log: #vim ~/nm.log: NetworkManager: <info> starting... NetworkManager: <info> modem-manager is now available NetworkManager: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: init! NetworkManager: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: update_system_hostname NetworkManager: SCPluginIfupdown: guessed connection type (eth0) = 802-3-ethernet NetworkManager: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: update_connection_setting_from_if_block: name:eth0, type:802-3-ethernet, id:Ifupdown (eth0), uuid: 681b428f-beaf-8932-dce4-678ed5bae28e NetworkManager: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: addresses count: 1 NetworkManager: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: No dns-nameserver configured in /etc/network/interfaces NetworkManager: nm-ifupdown-connection.c.119 - invalid connection read from /etc/network/interfaces: (1) addresses NetworkManager: SCPluginIfupdown: management mode: unmanaged NetworkManager: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: devices added (path: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.4/0000:02:02.0/net/eth1, iface: eth1) NetworkManager: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: device added (path: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.4/0000:02:02.0/net/eth1, iface: eth1): no ifupdown configuration found. NetworkManager: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: devices added (path: /sys/devices/virtual/net/lo, iface: lo) @

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• Use a Fake Http Channel to Unit Test with HttpClient

  - by Steve Michelotti

  Applications get data from lots of different sources. The most common is to get data from a database or a web service. Typically, we encapsulate calls to a database in a Repository object and we create some sort of IRepository interface as an abstraction to decouple between layers and enable easier unit testing by leveraging faking and mocking. This works great for database interaction. However, when consuming a RESTful web service, this is is not always the best approach. The WCF Web APIs that are available on CodePlex (current drop is Preview 3) provide a variety of features to make building HTTP REST services more robust. When you download the latest bits, you’ll also find a new HttpClient which has been updated for .NET 4.0 as compared to the one that shipped for 3.5 in the original REST Starter Kit. The HttpClient currently provides the best API for consuming REST services on the .NET platform and the WCF Web APIs provide a number of extension methods which extend HttpClient and make it even easier to use. Let’s say you have a client application that is consuming an HTTP service – this could be Silverlight, WPF, or any UI technology but for my example I’ll use an MVC application: 1: using System; 2: using System.Net.Http; 3: using System.Web.Mvc; 4: using FakeChannelExample.Models; 5: using Microsoft.Runtime.Serialization; 6:   7: namespace FakeChannelExample.Controllers 8: { 9: public class HomeController : Controller 10: { 11: private readonly HttpClient httpClient; 12:   13: public HomeController(HttpClient httpClient) 14: { 15: this.httpClient = httpClient; 16: } 17:   18: public ActionResult Index() 19: { 20: var response = httpClient.Get("Person(1)"); 21: var person = response.Content.ReadAsDataContract<Person>(); 22:   23: this.ViewBag.Message = person.FirstName + " " + person.LastName; 24: 25: return View(); 26: } 27: } 28: } On line #20 of the code above you can see I’m performing an HTTP GET request to a Person resource exposed by an HTTP service. On line #21, I use the ReadAsDataContract() extension method provided by the WCF Web APIs to serialize to a Person object. In this example, the HttpClient is being passed into the constructor by MVC’s dependency resolver – in this case, I’m using StructureMap as an IoC and my StructureMap initialization code looks like this: 1: using StructureMap; 2: using System.Net.Http; 3:   4: namespace FakeChannelExample 5: { 6: public static class IoC 7: { 8: public static IContainer Initialize() 9: { 10: ObjectFactory.Initialize(x => 11: { 12: x.For<HttpClient>().Use(() => new HttpClient("http://localhost:31614/")); 13: }); 14: return ObjectFactory.Container; 15: } 16: } 17: } My controller code currently depends on a concrete instance of the HttpClient. Now I *could* create some sort of interface and wrap the HttpClient in this interface and use that object inside my controller instead – however, there are a few why reasons that is not desirable: For one thing, the API provided by the HttpClient provides nice features for dealing with HTTP services. I don’t really *want* these to look like C# RPC method calls – when HTTP services have REST features, I may want to inspect HTTP response headers and hypermedia contained within the message so that I can make intelligent decisions as to what to do next in my workflow (although I don’t happen to be doing these things in my example above) – this type of workflow is common in hypermedia REST scenarios. If I just encapsulate HttpClient behind some IRepository interface and make it look like a C# RPC method call, it will become difficult to take advantage of these types of things. Second, it could get pretty mind-numbing to have to create interfaces all over the place just to wrap the HttpClient. Then you’re probably going to have to hard-code HTTP knowledge into your code to formulate requests rather than just “following the links” that the hypermedia in a message might provide. Third, at first glance it might appear that we need to create an interface to facilitate unit testing, but actually it’s unnecessary. Even though the code above is dependent on a concrete type, it’s actually very easy to fake the data in a unit test. The HttpClient provides a Channel property (of type HttpMessageChannel) which allows you to create a fake message channel which can be leveraged in unit testing. In this case, what I want is to be able to write a unit test that just returns fake data. I also want this to be as re-usable as possible for my unit testing. I want to be able to write a unit test that looks like this: 1: [TestClass] 2: public class HomeControllerTest 3: { 4: [TestMethod] 5: public void Index() 6: { 7: // Arrange 8: var httpClient = new HttpClient("http://foo.com"); 9: httpClient.Channel = new FakeHttpChannel<Person>(new Person { FirstName = "Joe", LastName = "Blow" }); 10:   11: HomeController controller = new HomeController(httpClient); 12:   13: // Act 14: ViewResult result = controller.Index() as ViewResult; 15:   16: // Assert 17: Assert.AreEqual("Joe Blow", result.ViewBag.Message); 18: } 19: } Notice on line #9, I’m setting the Channel property of the HttpClient to be a fake channel. I’m also specifying the fake object that I want to be in the response on my “fake” Http request. I don’t need to rely on any mocking frameworks to do this. All I need is my FakeHttpChannel. The code to do this is not complex: 1: using System; 2: using System.IO; 3: using System.Net.Http; 4: using System.Runtime.Serialization; 5: using System.Threading; 6: using FakeChannelExample.Models; 7:   8: namespace FakeChannelExample.Tests 9: { 10: public class FakeHttpChannel<T> : HttpClientChannel 11: { 12: private T responseObject; 13:   14: public FakeHttpChannel(T responseObject) 15: { 16: this.responseObject = responseObject; 17: } 18:   19: protected override HttpResponseMessage Send(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken) 20: { 21: return new HttpResponseMessage() 22: { 23: RequestMessage = request, 24: Content = new StreamContent(this.GetContentStream()) 25: }; 26: } 27:   28: private Stream GetContentStream() 29: { 30: var serializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(T)); 31: Stream stream = new MemoryStream(); 32: serializer.WriteObject(stream, this.responseObject); 33: stream.Position = 0; 34: return stream; 35: } 36: } 37: } The HttpClientChannel provides a Send() method which you can override to return any HttpResponseMessage that you want. You can see I’m using the DataContractSerializer to serialize the object and write it to a stream. That’s all you need to do. In the example above, the only thing I’ve chosen to do is to provide a way to return different response objects. But there are many more features you could add to your own re-usable FakeHttpChannel. For example, you might want to provide the ability to add HTTP headers to the message. You might want to use a different serializer other than the DataContractSerializer. You might want to provide custom hypermedia in the response as well as just an object or set HTTP response codes. This list goes on. This is the just one example of the really cool features being added to the next version of WCF to enable various HTTP scenarios. The code sample for this post can be downloaded here.

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• Passing a parameter so that it cannot be changed – C#

  - by nmarun

  I read this requirement of not allowing a user to change the value of a property passed as a parameter to a method. In C++, as far as I could recall (it’s been over 10 yrs, so I had to refresh memory), you can pass ‘const’ to a function parameter and this ensures that the parameter cannot be changed inside the scope of the function. There’s no such direct way of doing this in C#, but that does not mean it cannot be done!! Ok, so this ‘not-so-direct’ technique depends on the type of the parameter – a simple property or a collection. Parameter as a simple property: This is quite easy (and you might have guessed it already). Bulent Ozkir clearly explains how this can be done here. Parameter as a collection property: Obviously the above does not work if the parameter is a collection of some type. Let’s dig-in. Suppose I need to create a collection of type KeyTitle as defined below. 1: public class KeyTitle 2: { 3: public int Key { get; set; } 4: public string Title { get; set; } 5: } My class is declared as below: 1: public class Class1 2: { 3: public Class1() 4: { 5: MyKeyTitleList = new List<KeyTitle>(); 6: } 7: 8: public List<KeyTitle> MyKeyTitleList { get; set; } 9: public ReadOnlyCollection<KeyTitle> ReadonlyKeyTitleCollection 10: { 11: // .AsReadOnly creates a ReadOnlyCollection<> type 12: get { return MyKeyTitleList.AsReadOnly(); } 13: } 14: } See the .AsReadOnly() method used in the second property? As MSDN says it: “Returns a read-only IList<T> wrapper for the current collection.” Knowing this, I can implement my code as: 1: public static void Main() 2: { 3: Class1 class1 = new Class1(); 4: class1.MyKeyTitleList.Add(new KeyTitle { Key = 1, Title = "abc" }); 5: class1.MyKeyTitleList.Add(new KeyTitle { Key = 2, Title = "def" }); 6: class1.MyKeyTitleList.Add(new KeyTitle { Key = 3, Title = "ghi" }); 7: class1.MyKeyTitleList.Add(new KeyTitle { Key = 4, Title = "jkl" }); 8:  9: TryToModifyCollection(class1.MyKeyTitleList.AsReadOnly()); 10:  11: Console.ReadLine(); 12: } 13:  14: private static void TryToModifyCollection(ReadOnlyCollection<KeyTitle> readOnlyCollection) 15: { 16: // can only read 17: for (int i = 0; i < readOnlyCollection.Count; i++) 18: { 19: Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1}", readOnlyCollection[i].Key, readOnlyCollection[i].Title); 20: } 21: // Add() - not allowed 22: // even the indexer does not have a setter 23: } The output is as expected: The below image shows two things. In the first line, I’ve tried to access an element in my read-only collection through an indexer. It shows that the ReadOnlyCollection<> does not have a setter on the indexer. The second line tells that there’s no ‘Add()’ method for this type of collection. The capture below shows there’s no ‘Remove()’ method either, there-by eliminating all ways of modifying a collection. Mission accomplished… right? Now, even if you have a collection of different type, all you need to do is to somehow cast (used loosely) it to a List<> and then do a .AsReadOnly() to get a ReadOnlyCollection of your custom collection type. As an example, if you have an IDictionary<int, string>, you can create a List<T> of this type with a wrapper class (KeyTitle in our case). 1: public IDictionary<int, string> MyDictionary { get; set; } 2:  3: public ReadOnlyCollection<KeyTitle> ReadonlyDictionary 4: { 5: get 6: { 7: return (from item in MyDictionary 8: select new KeyTitle 9: { 10: Key = item.Key, 11: Title = item.Value, 12: }).ToList().AsReadOnly(); 13: } 14: } Cool huh? Just one thing you need to know about the .AsReadOnly() method is that the only way to modify your ReadOnlyCollection<> is to modify the original collection. So doing: 1: public static void Main() 2: { 3: Class1 class1 = new Class1(); 4: class1.MyKeyTitleList.Add(new KeyTitle { Key = 1, Title = "abc" }); 5: class1.MyKeyTitleList.Add(new KeyTitle { Key = 2, Title = "def" }); 6: class1.MyKeyTitleList.Add(new KeyTitle { Key = 3, Title = "ghi" }); 7: class1.MyKeyTitleList.Add(new KeyTitle { Key = 4, Title = "jkl" }); 8: TryToModifyCollection(class1.MyKeyTitleList.AsReadOnly()); 9:  10: Console.WriteLine(); 11:  12: class1.MyKeyTitleList.Add(new KeyTitle { Key = 5, Title = "mno" }); 13: class1.MyKeyTitleList[2] = new KeyTitle{Key = 3, Title = "GHI"}; 14: TryToModifyCollection(class1.MyKeyTitleList.AsReadOnly()); 15:  16: Console.ReadLine(); 17: } Gives me the output of: See that the second element’s Title is changed to upper-case and the fifth element also gets displayed even though we’re still looping through the same ReadOnlyCollection<KeyTitle>. Verdict: Now you know of a way to implement ‘Method(const param1)’ in your code!

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• Benefits of Behavior Driven Development

  - by Aligned

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/Aligned/archive/2013/07/26/benefits-of-behavior-driven-development.aspxContinuing my previous article on BDD, I wanted to point out some benefits of BDD and since BDD is an extension of Test Driven Development (TDD), you get those as well. I’ll add another article on some possible downsides of this approach. There are many articles about the benefits of TDD and they apply to BDD. I’ve pointed out some here and copied some of the main points for each article, but there are many more including the book The Art of Unit Testing by Roy Osherove. http://geekswithblogs.net/leesblog/archive/2008/04/30/the-benefits-of-test-driven-development.aspx (Lee Brandt) Stability Accountability Design Ability Separated Concerns Progress Indicator http://tddftw.com/benefits-of-tdd/ Help maintainers understand the intention behind the code Bring validation and proper data handling concerns to the forefront. Writing the tests first is fun. Better APIs come from writing testable code. TDD will make you a better developer. http://www.slideshare.net/dhelper/benefit-from-unit-testing-in-the-real-world (from Typemock). Take a look at the slides, especially the extra time required for TDD (slide 10) and the next one of the bugs avoided using TDD (slide 11). Less bugs (slide 11) about testing and development (13) Increase confidence in code (14) Fearlessly change your code (14) Document Requirements (14) also see http://visualstudiomagazine.com/articles/2013/06/01/roc-rocks.aspx Discover usability issues early (14) All these points and articles are great and there are many more. The following are my additions to the benefits of BDD from using it in real projects for my company. July 2013 on MSDN - Behavior-Driven Design with SpecFlow Scott Allen did a very informative TDD and MVC module, but to me he is doing BDDCompile and Execute Requirements in Microsoft .NET ~ Video from TechEd 2012 Communication I was working through a complicated task that the decision tree kept growing. After writing out the Given, When, Then of the scenario, I was able tell QA what I had worked through for their initial test cases. They were able to add from there. It is also useful to use this language with other developers, managers, or clients to help make informed decisions on if it meets the requirements or if it can simplified to save time (money). Thinking through solutions, before starting to code This was the biggest benefit to me. I like to jump into coding to figure out the problem. Many times I don't understand my path well enough and have to do some parts over. A past supervisor told me several times during reviews that I need to get better at seeing "the forest for the trees". When I sit down and write out the behavior that I need to implement, I force myself to think things out further and catch scenarios before they get to QA. A co-worker that is new to BDD and we’ve been using it in our new project for the last 6 months, said “It really clarifies things”. It took him awhile to understand it all, but now he’s seeing the value of this approach (yes there are some downsides, but that is a different issue). Developers’ Confidence This is huge for me. With tests in place, my confidence grows that I won’t break code that I’m not directly changing. In the past, I’ve worked on projects with out tests and we would frequently find regression bugs (or worse the users would find them). That isn’t fun. We don’t catch all problems with the tests, but when QA catches one, I can write a test to make sure it doesn’t happen again. It’s also good for Releasing code, telling your manager that it’s good to go. As time goes on and the code gets older, how confident are you that checking in code won’t break something somewhere else? Merging code - pre release confidence If you’re merging code a lot, it’s nice to have the tests to help ensure you didn’t merge incorrectly. Interrupted work I had a task that I started and planned out, then was interrupted for a month because of different priorities. When I started it up again, and un-shelved my changes, I had the BDD specs and it helped me remember what I had figured out and what was left to do. It would have much more difficult without the specs and tests. Testing and verifying complicated scenarios Sometimes in the UI there are scenarios that get tricky, because there are a lot of steps involved (click here to open the dialog, enter the information, make sure it’s valid, when I click cancel it should do {x}, when I click ok it should close and do {y}, then do this, etc….). With BDD I can avoid some of the mouse clicking define the scenarios and have them re-run quickly, without using a mouse. UI testing is still needed, but this helps a bunch. The same can be true for tricky server logic. Documentation of Assumptions and Specifications The BDD spec tests (Jasmine or SpecFlow or other tool) also work as documentation and show what the original developer was trying to accomplish. It’s not a different Word document, so developers will keep this up to date, instead of letting it become obsolete. What happens if you leave the project (consulting, new job, etc) with no specs or at the least good comments in the code? Sometimes I think of a new scenario, so I add a failing spec and continue in the same stream of thought (don’t forget it because it was on a piece of paper or in a notepad). Then later I can come back and handle it and have it documented. Jasmine tests and JavaScript –> help deal with the non-typed system I like JavaScript, but I also dislike working with JavaScript. I miss C# telling me if a property doesn’t actually exist at build time. I like the idea of TypeScript and hope to use it more in the future. I also use KnockoutJs, which has observables that need to be called with ending (), since the observable is a function. It’s hard to remember when to use () or not and the Jasmine specs/tests help ensure the correct usage.   This should give you an idea of the benefits that I see in using the BDD approach. I’m sure there are more. It talks a lot of practice, investment and experimentation to figure out how to approach this and to get comfortable with it. I agree with Scott Allen in the video I linked above “Remember that TDD can take some practice. So if you're not doing test-driven design right now? You can start and practice and get better. And you'll reach a point where you'll never want to get back.”

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• LINQ – SequenceEqual() method

  - by nmarun

  I have been looking at LINQ extension methods and have blogged about what I learned from them in my blog space. Next in line is the SequenceEqual() method. Here’s the description about this method: “Determines whether two sequences are equal by comparing the elements by using the default equality comparer for their type.” Let’s play with some code: 1: int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 }; 2: // int[] numbersCopy = numbers; 3: int[] numbersCopy = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 }; 4:  5: Console.WriteLine(numbers.SequenceEqual(numbersCopy)); This gives an output of ‘True’ – basically compares each of the elements in the two arrays and returns true in this case. The result is same even if you uncomment line 2 and comment line 3 (I didn’t need to say that now did I?). So then what happens for custom types? For this, I created a Product class with the following definition: 1: class Product 2: { 3: public int ProductId { get; set; } 4: public string Name { get; set; } 5: public string Category { get; set; } 6: public DateTime MfgDate { get; set; } 7: public Status Status { get; set; } 8: } 9:  10: public enum Status 11: { 12: Active = 1, 13: InActive = 2, 14: OffShelf = 3, 15: } In my calling code, I’m just adding a few product items: 1: private static List<Product> GetProducts() 2: { 3: return new List<Product> 4: { 5: new Product 6: { 7: ProductId = 1, 8: Name = "Laptop", 9: Category = "Computer", 10: MfgDate = new DateTime(2003, 4, 3), 11: Status = Status.Active, 12: }, 13: new Product 14: { 15: ProductId = 2, 16: Name = "Compact Disc", 17: Category = "Water Sport", 18: MfgDate = new DateTime(2009, 12, 3), 19: Status = Status.InActive, 20: }, 21: new Product 22: { 23: ProductId = 3, 24: Name = "Floppy", 25: Category = "Computer", 26: MfgDate = new DateTime(1993, 3, 7), 27: Status = Status.OffShelf, 28: }, 29: }; 30: } Now for the actual check: 1: List<Product> products1 = GetProducts(); 2: List<Product> products2 = GetProducts(); 3:  4: Console.WriteLine(products1.SequenceEqual(products2)); This one returns ‘False’ and the reason is simple – this one checks for reference equality and the products in the both the lists get different ‘memory addresses’ (sounds like I’m talking in ‘C’). In order to modify this behavior and return a ‘True’ result, we need to modify the Product class as follows: 1: class Product : IEquatable<Product> 2: { 3: public int ProductId { get; set; } 4: public string Name { get; set; } 5: public string Category { get; set; } 6: public DateTime MfgDate { get; set; } 7: public Status Status { get; set; } 8:  9: public override bool Equals(object obj) 10: { 11: return Equals(obj as Product); 12: } 13:  14: public bool Equals(Product other) 15: { 16: //Check whether the compared object is null. 17: if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) return false; 18:  19: //Check whether the compared object references the same data. 20: if (ReferenceEquals(this, other)) return true; 21:  22: //Check whether the products' properties are equal. 23: return ProductId.Equals(other.ProductId) 24: && Name.Equals(other.Name) 25: && Category.Equals(other.Category) 26: && MfgDate.Equals(other.MfgDate) 27: && Status.Equals(other.Status); 28: } 29:  30: // If Equals() returns true for a pair of objects 31: // then GetHashCode() must return the same value for these objects. 32: // read why in the following articles: 33: // http://geekswithblogs.net/akraus1/archive/2010/02/28/138234.aspx 34: // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/371328/why-is-it-important-to-override-gethashcode-when-equals-method-is-overriden-in-c 35: public override int GetHashCode() 36: { 37: //Get hash code for the ProductId field. 38: int hashProductId = ProductId.GetHashCode(); 39:  40: //Get hash code for the Name field if it is not null. 41: int hashName = Name == null ? 0 : Name.GetHashCode(); 42:  43: //Get hash code for the ProductId field. 44: int hashCategory = Category.GetHashCode(); 45:  46: //Get hash code for the ProductId field. 47: int hashMfgDate = MfgDate.GetHashCode(); 48:  49: //Get hash code for the ProductId field. 50: int hashStatus = Status.GetHashCode(); 51: //Calculate the hash code for the product. 52: return hashProductId ^ hashName ^ hashCategory & hashMfgDate & hashStatus; 53: } 54:  55: public static bool operator ==(Product a, Product b) 56: { 57: // Enable a == b for null references to return the right value 58: if (ReferenceEquals(a, b)) 59: { 60: return true; 61: } 62: // If one is null and the other not. Remember a==null will lead to Stackoverflow! 63: if (ReferenceEquals(a, null)) 64: { 65: return false; 66: } 67: return a.Equals((object)b); 68: } 69:  70: public static bool operator !=(Product a, Product b) 71: { 72: return !(a == b); 73: } 74: } Now THAT kinda looks overwhelming. But lets take one simple step at a time. Ok first thing you’ve noticed is that the class implements IEquatable<Product> interface – the key step towards achieving our goal. This interface provides us with an ‘Equals’ method to perform the test for equality with another Product object, in this case. This method is called in the following situations: when you do a ProductInstance.Equals(AnotherProductInstance) and when you perform actions like Contains<T>, IndexOf() or Remove() on your collection Coming to the Equals method defined line 14 onwards. The two ‘if’ blocks check for null and referential equality using the ReferenceEquals() method defined in the Object class. Line 23 is where I’m doing the actual check on the properties of the Product instances. This is what returns the ‘True’ for us when we run the application. I have also overridden the Object.Equals() method which calls the Equals() method of the interface. One thing to remember is that anytime you override the Equals() method, its’ a good practice to override the GetHashCode() method and overload the ‘==’ and the ‘!=’ operators. For detailed information on this, please read this and this. Since we’ve overloaded the operators as well, we get ‘True’ when we do actions like: 1: Console.WriteLine(products1.Contains(products2[0])); 2: Console.WriteLine(products1[0] == products2[0]); This completes the full circle on the SequenceEqual() method. See the code used in the article here.

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• Microsoft ReportViewer SetParameters continuous refresh issue

  - by Ilya Verbitskiy

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/ilich/archive/2013/10/16/microsoft-reportviewer-setparameters-continuous-refresh-issue.aspxI am a big fun of using ASP.NET MVC for building web-applications. It allows us to create simple, robust and testable solutions. However, .NET world is not perfect. There is tons of code written in ASP.NET web-forms. You cannot simply ignore it, even if you want to. Sometimes ASP.NET web-forms controls bring us non-obvious issues. The good example is Microsoft ReportViewer control. I have an example for you. 1: <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %> 2: <%@ Register Assembly="Microsoft.ReportViewer.WebForms, Version=11.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89845dcd8080cc91" Namespace="Microsoft.Reporting.WebForms" TagPrefix="rsweb" %> 3:   4: <!DOCTYPE html> 5:   6: <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> 7: <head runat="server"> 8: <title>Report Viewer Continiuse Resfresh Issue Example</title> 9: </head> 10: <body> 11: <form id="form1" runat="server"> 12: <div> 13: <asp:ScriptManager runat="server"></asp:ScriptManager> 14: <rsweb:ReportViewer ID="_reportViewer" runat="server" Width="100%" Height="100%"></rsweb:ReportViewer> 15: </div> 16: </form> 17: </body> 18: </html>   The back-end code is simple as well. I want to show a report with some parameters to a user. 1: protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) 2: { 3: _reportViewer.ProcessingMode = ProcessingMode.Remote; 4: _reportViewer.ShowParameterPrompts = false; 5:   6: var serverReport = _reportViewer.ServerReport; 7: serverReport.ReportServerUrl = new Uri("http://localhost/ReportServer_SQLEXPRESS"); 8: serverReport.ReportPath = "/Reports/TestReport"; 9:   10: var reportParameter1 = new ReportParameter("Parameter1"); 11: reportParameter1.Values.Add("Hello World!"); 12:   13: var reportParameter2 = new ReportParameter("Parameter2"); 14: reportParameter2.Values.Add("10/16/2013"); 15:   16: var reportParameter3 = new ReportParameter("Parameter3"); 17: reportParameter3.Values.Add("10"); 18:   19: serverReport.SetParameters(new[] { reportParameter1, reportParameter2, reportParameter3 }); 20: }   I set ShowParametersPrompts to false because I do not want user to refine the search. It looks good until you run the report. The report will refresh itself all the time. The problem caused by ServerReport.SetParameters method in Page_Load. The method cause ReportViewer control to execute the report on the NEXT post back. That is why the page has continuous post-backs. The fix is very simple: do nothing if Page_Load method executed during post-back. 1: protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) 2: { 3: if (IsPostBack) 4: { 5: return; 6: } 7:   8: _reportViewer.ProcessingMode = ProcessingMode.Remote; 9: _reportViewer.ShowParameterPrompts = false; 10:   11: var serverReport = _reportViewer.ServerReport; 12: serverReport.ReportServerUrl = new Uri("http://localhost/ReportServer_SQLEXPRESS"); 13: serverReport.ReportPath = "/Reports/TestReport"; 14:   15: var reportParameter1 = new ReportParameter("Parameter1"); 16: reportParameter1.Values.Add("Hello World!"); 17:   18: var reportParameter2 = new ReportParameter("Parameter2"); 19: reportParameter2.Values.Add("10/16/2013"); 20:   21: var reportParameter3 = new ReportParameter("Parameter3"); 22: reportParameter3.Values.Add("10"); 23:   24: serverReport.SetParameters(new[] { reportParameter1, reportParameter2, reportParameter3 }); 25: } You can download sample code from GitHub - https://github.com/ilich/Examples/tree/master/ReportViewerContinuousRefresh

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• Oracle Database Upcoming Event dates to know

  - by mandy.ho

  February may be a short month, but it's not short of exciting Oracle events. From information packed "Real Performance Days" to participation in one of the biggest IT Security events - look out for Oracle Database and let us know if you are there with us! Feb 13-18, 2011 - Las Vegas, NV TDWI World Conference Series Join Oracle in highlighting Exadata x2-2 and x2-8, along with Oracle Business Intelligence, Enterprise Performance management and Data Warehousing solutions. Oracle will be presenting a workshop - Oracle Data Integration: Best-of-Breed Solutions for the Enterprise Wednesday, February 16, 2011 7p.m - 9p.m Glen Goodrich, Director of Product Management Christophe Dupupet, Director of Product Management, Data Integration http://events.tdwi.org/events/las-vegas-world-conference-2011/sessions/session-list.aspx Feb 14-17, 2011 - Barcelona, Spain Mobile World Congress MWC is an event where Oracle showcases the near complete breadth and depth of value that our Communications Industry strategy and Hardware and Software Solutions can deliver. Oracle supports Communications Service Providers today and delivers platforms and flexibility primed for the future. Oracle will have a two story Pavilion, along with an Oracle Java and Embedded Solutions Center - App Planet. The Exhibition times are Monday, 14th February 09.00 - 19.00 Tuesday, 15th February 09.00 - 19.00 Wednesday, 16th February 09.00 - 19.00 Thursday, 17th February 09.00 - 16.00 Have questions? Meet with Oracle Sales representatives at the Oracle Café. Open every day from 9am to 17:00pm. http://eventreg.oracle.com/webapps/events/ns/EventsDetail.jsp?p_eventId=109912&src=6973382&src=6973382&Act=4 Feb 14-18, 2011 - San Francisco, CA RSA Conference As the world's most complete, open, integrated business software and hardware systems provider, Oracle can uniquely safeguard your information throughout its entire lifecycle. Learn more by attending these sessions: Cloud Computing: A Brave New World for Security and Privacy (CLD-201) Wednesday, February 16 at 8:30 a.m. Databases Under Attack - Securing Heterogeneous Database Infrastructures (DAS-301) Thursday, February 17, 2011 at 8:30 a.m. Seven Steps to Protecting Databases (DAS-402) Friday, February 18 at 10:10 a.m. RSA Conference Attendees will also have the opportunity to meet with Oracle Security Solution experts, see live product demos and more by visiting booth # 1559. Hours: Monday, February 14, 6:00 p.m. - 8:00 p.m., Tuesday, February 15, 11:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. and 4:30 p.m. - 6:00p.m., Wednesday, February 16, 11:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m., and Thursday, February 17, 11:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. http://eventreg.oracle.com/webapps/events/ns/EventsDetail.jsp?p_eventId=127657&src=6967733&src=6967733&Act=12 Feb 21-25, 2011 - Various Locations IOUG Presents - A Day of Real World Performance with Tom Kyte, Andrew Holdsworth and Graham Wood These Oracle experts will debate, discuss and delineate the best practices for designing hardware architectures, deploying Oracle databases, and developing applications that deliver the fastest possible performance for your business.Topics are covered in a conversational format - with all three chiming in where appropriate. Each presenter has their own screen projector to demonstrate their individual points to the participants. Customers will have the opportunity to get their specific performance/tuning questions answered and learn how to balance all the different environmental requirements for their applications to improve performance. Register today for the following dates and locations • February 21 in San Diego, CA • February 22 in Los Angeles, CA • February 23 in Seattle, WA • February 25 in Phoenix, AZ http://www.ioug.org/tabid/194/Default.aspx Feb 8-24 - Various Oracle Enterprise Cloud Summit This series of full-day events with cloud experts, sharing real-world best practices, reference architectures and more continues during the month of February. Attend the Oracle Enterprise Cloud Summit to learn how to: • Build a state-of-the-art cloud architecture • Leverage your existing IT investments • Optimize your IT management processes Whether you are considering a move to cloud computing or have already adopted a cloud model, this event offers you the insights you need to take full advantage of cloud computing. Check below to see if the event is coming to a city near you. http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/events/cloud-events-214342.html

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• Oracle Tutor: XPDL conversion (and why you should care)

  - by mary.keane

  You may have noticed that the Oracle Business Process Converter feature in Tutor 14 supports "XPDL" conversion to Oracle Business Process Analysis Suite (BPA), Oracle Business Process Management Suite (BPM), and Oracle Tutor, and you may have briefly wondered "what is XPDL?" before you moved on to the Visio import feature (a very popular feature in Tutor 14). This posting is for those who do not yet understand (or care) about XPDL and process modeling. Many of us (and I'm including myself) have spent years working in the process definition arena: we've written procedures, designed systems and software to help others write procedures, and have been responsible for embedding policies and procedures into training material for employees. We've worked with tools such as Oracle Tutor, Microsoft Visio, Microsoft Word, and UPK. Most of us have never worked with "modeling tools" before, and we certainly never had to understand BPMN. It's a brave new world in this arena, and companies desperately need people with policy and procedural system expertise to be able to work with system analysts so there is a seamless transfer of knowledge from IT to employees. When working with applications, a picture is worth a thousand words, so eventually you're going to need to understand and be able to work with business process models. XPDL is an acronym for XML Process Definition Language, and it is an interchange format for business process models. It allows you to take a BPMN model that was developed in one workflow application such as BizAgi and import it into another workflow application or a true BPMN management system such as Oracle BPM. Specifically, the XPDL format contains the graphical information of a model as well as any executable information. By using a common format, models can be moved from a basic modeling application used by business owners to applications used by system architects. Over 80 applications support the XPDL format, including MetaStorm ProVision, BEA ALBPM, BizAgi, and Tibco. I mention these applications because we have provided XSLT mapping files specifically for these vendors. Oracle Business Process Converter was designed with user extensibility in mind, and thus users can add their own XML files so that additional XPDL models from other vendors can be converted to BPM, BPA, and Oracle Tutor. Instructions on how to add your own files can be found in Appendix 4 of the Oracle Business Converter manual. Let's take a visual look at how this works. Here is an example of a model devloped in BizAgi: This model can be created by the average business user without a large learning curve, and it's a good start for the system analyst who will be adding web services as well as for the business manager who manages the process described in the model. By exporting this model as XPDL, the information can be converted into Oracle BPA and Oracle BPM as well as converted to Oracle Tutor to become the framework for a procedure. Through this conversion feature, one graphic illustration of a business process can be used by a system analyst, business analyst, business manager, and employee, as seen below. Model Converted to Tutor Procedure Below is the task section of the procedure after conversion from an XPDL file. Model converted to BPA Model converted to BPM End users still want step by step instructions on how to perform their jobs, so procedures (Oracle Tutor) and application simulations (UPK) are still a critical piece of the solution. But IT professionals need graphic descriptions of how the applications work, regardless of whether there are any tasks involving humans. Now there is a way to convert procedures (Oracle Tutor docx files) and basic models (XPDL files) so that business managers and system analysts can share process information. References Wikipedia XPDL. Workflow Management Coalition, XPDL Support and Resources Oracle Business Process Converter manual, Oracle Tutor 14 Oracle Business Process Management 11g If you have any XPDL conversion stories to share, we'd love to hear from you. Best wishes for the coming new year, Mary Keane, Senior Development Manager, Oracle Tutor and BPM

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• Free and Open Source Software in Oracle Solaris 11.1

  - by user13277799

  Oracle Solaris 11.1 contains number of Free and Open Source packages. The following table contains important FOSS packages with their versions available in this latest Oracle Solaris release. a2ps 4.14 aalib 1.4.0 pmtools 20071116 apache-ant 1.7.1 httpd 2.2.22 mod_dtrace 0.3.1 mod_fcgid 2.3.6 tomcat-connectors 1.2.28 mod_perl 2.0.4 mod_proxy_html 3.1.1 modsecurity-apache 2.5.9 mod_wsgi 3.3 apr 1.3.9 apr-util 1.3.9 areca 7.1 autoconf 2.68 autogen 5.9 automake 1.10 automake 1.11.2 automake 1.9.6 bash 4.1 bcc 0.16.17 beanshell 2.0b4 db 5.1.25 bind 9.6-ESV-R7-P2 binutils 2.21.1 bison 2.3 bzip2 1.0.6 cdrtools 3.00 clisp 2.47 cmake 2.8.6 gnu 0.5.11 conflict 20100627 convmv 1.15 coreutils 8.5 cups 1.4.5 curl 7.21.2 cvs 1.12.13 diffutils 2.8.7 doxygen 1.7.6.1 ejabberd 2.1.8 elinks 0.11.7 emacs 23.4 otp_src R12B-5 fcgi 2.4.0 fetchmail 6.3.22 flex 2.5.35 foomatic-db 20080903 foomatic-db-engine 3.0-20080903 foomatic-filters 4.0.15 foomatic-filters-ppds 20080818 fping 2.4b2_to gawk 3.1.8 gcc 3.4.3 gcc 4.5.2 gd 2.0.35 gdb 6.8 gdbm 1.8.3 gettext 0.16.1 grep 2.10 ghostscript 9.00 git 1.7.9.2 gnu-gs-fonts-other 6.0 gnu-gs-fonts-std 6.0 gmp 4.3.2 gnupg 2.0.17 gnuplot 4.6.0 pth 2.0.7 gocr 0.48 gperf 3.0.3 gpgme 1.1.8 grails 1.0.3 graphviz 2.28.0 tar 1.26 guile 1.8.6 gutenprint 5.2.7 gzip 1.4 hal-cups-utils 0.6.19 hexedit 1.2.12 hplip 3.10.9 httping 1.4.4 hwdata 0.5.11 iftop 0.17 ilmbase 1.0.1 ImageMagick 6.3.4 iperf 2.0.4 ipmitool 1.8.11 ircii 20060725 dhcp 4.1-ESV-R7 junit 4.10 INIT 2011-02-08 lcms 1.19 less 436 lftp 4.3.1 libassuan 2.0.1 confuse 2.6 libedit 20110802-3.0 libee 0.3.2 libestr 0.1.2 libevent 1.4.14b expat 2.1.0 libidn 1.19 libksba 1.1.0 libmcrypt 2.5.8 libmemcached 0.16 libmng 1.0.10 neon 0.29.5 libnet 1.1.5 libpcap 1.1.1 librsync 0.9.7 libsigsegv 2.6 libsndfile 1.0.23 libtecla 1.6.1 libtool 2.4.2 libtorrent 0.12.2 libusbugen 0.1.8 libusb 0.1.8 libxml2 2.7.6 libxslt 1.1.26 lighttpd 1.4.23 links 1.03 logilab-astng 0.19.0 logilab-common 0.40.0 lua 5.1.4 m4 1.4.12 make 3.82 mc 4.7.5.2 meld 1.4.0 memcached 1.4.5 memcached-java 2.0.1 mercurial 2.2.1 mpc 0.9 mpfr 2.4.2 mutt 1.5.21 mysql 5.1.37 ncftp 3.2.3 net-snmp 5.4.1 nethack 3.4.3 nmap 5.51 ntp-dev 4.2.5 open-fabrics 1.5.3 openexr 1.6.1 openldap 2.4.30 openscap 0.8.1 openssl 0.9.8q openssl 1.0.0j libopenusb 1.0.1 p7zip 9.20.1 pam_pkcs11 0.6.0 patch 2.5.9 pconsole 1.0 pcre 8.21 perl 5.12.4 DBI 1.58 Net-SSLeay 1.36 pmtools 1.10 XML-Parser 2.36 XML-Simple 2.18 PHP 5.2.17 PHP 5.3.14 pinentry 0.7.6 privoxy 3.0.17 proftpd 1.3.3 psutils p17 pv 1.2.0 pwgen 2.06 pylint 0.18.0 CherryPy 3.1.2 coverage 3.5 jsonrpclib 0.1.3 ldtp 2.1.1 M2Crypto 0.21.1 Mako 0.4.1 nose 1.1.2 ply 3.1 pybonjour 1.1.1 pycups 1.9.46 pycurl 7.19.0 lxml 2.3.3 pyOpenSSL 0.11 Python 2.6.8 Python 2.7.3 setuptools 0.6 quagga 0.99.19 quilt 0.60 rdiff-backup 1.3.3 readline 5.2 rpm2cpio 0.5.11 rsync 3.0.8 rsyslog 6.2.0 rtorrent 0.8.2 ruby 1.8.7 samba 3.6.6 sane-backends 1.0.19 sane-frontends 1.0.14 screen 4.0.3 sed 4.2.1 sendmail 8.14.5 slang 2.2.4 slib 3b1 slrn 0.9.9 snort 2.8.4.1 sox 14.3.2 spawn-fcgi 1.6.3 squid 3.1.18 stdcxx 4.2.1 subversion 1.7.5 sudo 1.8.4.5 swig 1.3.35 expect 5.45 tcl 8.5.9 tk 8.5.9 tls 1.6 tcpdump 4.1.1 tcsh 6.17.00 texinfo 4.7 tidy 1.0.0 timezone apache-tomcat 6.0.35 top 3.8beta1 trousers 0.3.6 unixODBC 2.3.0 unrar 4.1.4 unzip 6.0 vim 7.3 visual-panels wget 1.12 which 2.16 wireshark 1.8.2 wxGTK 2.8.12 xorriso 0.6.0 xz 5.0.1 zip 3.0 zlib 1.2.3 zsh 4.3.17

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• Calculating for leap year [migrated]

  - by Bradley Bauer

  I've written this program using Java in Eclipse. I was able to utilize a formula I found that I explained in the commented out section. Using the for loop I can iterate through each month of the year, which I feel good about in that code, it seems clean and smooth to me. Maybe I could give the variables full names to make everything more readable but I'm just using the formula in its basic essence :) Well my problem is it doesn't calculate correctly for years like 2008... Leap Years. I know that if (year % 400 == 0 || (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0)) then we have a leap year. Maybe if the year is a leap year I need to subtract a certain amount of days from a certain month. Any solutions, or some direction would be great thanks :) package exercises; public class E28 { /* * Display the first days of each month * Enter the year * Enter first day of the year * * h = (q + (26 * (m + 1)) / 10 + k + k/4 + j/4 + 5j) % 7 * * h is the day of the week (0: Saturday, 1: Sunday ......) * q is the day of the month * m is the month (3: March 4: April.... January and Feburary are 13 and 14) * j is the century (year / 100) * k is the year of the century (year %100) * */ public static void main(String[] args) { java.util.Scanner input = new java.util.Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Enter the year: "); int year = input.nextInt(); int j = year / 100; // Find century for formula int k = year % 100; // Find year of century for formula // Loop iterates 12 times. Guess why. for (int i = 1, m = i; i <= 12; i++) { // Make m = i. So loop processes formula once for each month if (m == 1 || m == 2) m += 12; // Formula requires that Jan and Feb are represented as 13 and 14 else m = i; // if not jan or feb, then set m to i int h = (1 + (26 * (m + 1)) / 10 + k + k/4 + j/4 + 5 * j) % 7; // Formula created by a really smart man somewhere // I let the control variable i steer the direction of the formual's m value String day; if (h == 0) day = "Saturday"; else if (h == 1) day = "Sunday"; else if (h == 2) day = "Monday"; else if (h == 3) day = "Tuesday"; else if (h == 4) day = "Wednesday"; else if (h == 5) day = "Thursday"; else day = "Friday"; switch (m) { case 13: System.out.println("January 1, " + year + " is " + day); break; case 14: System.out.println("Feburary 1, " + year + " is " + day); break; case 3: System.out.println("March 1, " + year + " is " + day); break; case 4: System.out.println("April 1, " + year + " is " + day); break; case 5: System.out.println("May 1, " + year + " is " + day); break; case 6: System.out.println("June 1, " + year + " is " + day); break; case 7: System.out.println("July 1, " + year + " is " + day); break; case 8: System.out.println("August 1, " + year + " is " + day); break; case 9: System.out.println("September 1, " + year + " is " + day); break; case 10: System.out.println("October 1, " + year + " is " + day); break; case 11: System.out.println("November 1, " + year + " is " + day); break; case 12: System.out.println("December 1, " + year + " is " + day); break; } } } }

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• Read MS Word .doc file with ruby and win32ole

  - by bmalets

  I'm trying ot read .doc file with ruby, I use win32ole library. IT my code: require 'win32ole' class DocParser def initialize @content = '' end def read_file file_path begin word = WIN32OLE.connect( 'Word.Application' ) doc = word.activedocument rescue word = WIN32OLE.new( 'Word.Application' ) doc = word.documents.open( file_path ) end word.visible = false doc.sentences.each{ |x| @content I kick off doc reading with DocParser.new.read_file('path/file.doc') When I run this using rails c - I don't have any problems, it's working fine. But when I run it using rails (e.g. after button click), once in a while (every 3-4 time) this code crashes with error: WIN32OLERuntimeError (failed to create WIN32OLE object from `Word.Application' HRESULT error code:0x800401f0 CoInitialize has not been called.): lib/file_parsers/doc_parser.rb:14:in `initialize' lib/file_parsers/doc_parser.rb:14:in `new' lib/file_parsers/doc_parser.rb:14:in `rescue in read_file' lib/file_parsers/doc_parser.rb:10:in `read_file' lib/search_engine.rb:10:in `block in search' lib/search_engine.rb:43:in `block in each_file_in' lib/search_engine.rb:42:in `each_file_in' lib/search_engine.rb:8:in `search' app/controllers/home_controller.rb:9:in `search' Rendered c:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-4.1.1/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_source.erb (0.0ms) Rendered c:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-4.1.1/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_trace.text.erb (2.0ms) Rendered c:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-4.1.1/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_request_and_response.text.erb (2.0ms) Rendered c:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-4.1.1/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/diagnostics.erb (56.0ms) Aditionaly, this code read doc file successfully, but after a few seconds rails crashes: see this gist What is my problem? How can I fix it? Please, help!

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• Images in the project NOT adding to array - don't know why.

  - by Sam Jarman

  Hi there, I have to sets of images. Each set has 16 images. One set is called 0.png through to 15.png the other is a0.png through to a15.png. In my app, it loads each one dependent on a variable (which by logging, I have proved it works) here is the code [MemoryManager sharedMemoryManager]; NSLog(@"THEME: %@", [MemoryManager sharedMemoryManager].themeName); imageArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; if([MemoryManager sharedMemoryManager].themeName == @"hand"){ NSLog(@"Here 2"); [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"0.png"]]; // [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"1.png"]];//1 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"2.png"]];//2 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"3.png"]];//3 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"4.png"]];//4 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"5.png"]];//5 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"6.png"]];//6 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"7.png"]];//7 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"8.png"]];//8 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"9.png"]];//9 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"10.png"]];//10 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"11.png"]];//11 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"12.png"]];//12 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"13.png"]];//13 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"14.png"]];//14 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"15.png"]];//15 } if([MemoryManager sharedMemoryManager].themeName == @"letters"){ NSLog(@"Here 3"); //[imageArray removeAllObjects]; [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a0.png"]]; // [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a1.png"]];//1 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a2.png"]];//2 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a3.png"]];//3 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a4.png"]];//4 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a5.png"]];//5 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a6.png"]];//6 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a7.png"]];//7 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a8.png"]];//8 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a9.png"]];//9 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a10.png"]];//10 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a11.png"]];//11 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a12.png"]];//12 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a13.png"]];//13 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a14.png"]];//14 [imageArray addObject:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a15.png"]];//15 NSLog(@"Here 4"); } The log says 2010-05-26 21:30:57.092 Memory[22155:207] Here 1 2010-05-26 21:30:57.093 Memory[22155:207] THEME: letters 2010-05-26 21:30:57.095 Memory[22155:207] Here 3 2010-05-26 21:30:57.109 Memory[22155:207] Here 4 The images are in the same folder the .xproj file is. They simply is just not working. Any ideas? Cheers

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• How to tell if Microsoft Works is 32 or 64 bit? Please Help!

  - by Bill Campbell

  Hi, I am trying to convert one of our apps to run on Win7 64 bit from XP 32 bit. One of the things that it uses is Excel to import files. It's a little complicated since it was using Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0 (Excel). I found Office 14 (2010) has a 64bit version I can download. I downloaded Office 2010 Beta but it didn't seem to install Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.14.0. I found that I could download 2010 Office System Driver Beta: Data Connectivity Components which has the ACE.OLEDB.14 in it but when I try to install it, the installed tells me "You cannot install the 64-bit version of Access Database engine for Microsoft Office 2010 because you currently have 32-bit Office products installed". How do I determine what 32bit office products this is reffering to? My Dell came with Microsoft Works installed. I don't know if this is 32 or 64 bit. Is there anyway to tell? I don't want to uninstall this if it's not the problem and I'm not sure what else might be the problem. Any help would be appreciated! thanks, Bill

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