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• Why is joining two vectors simply not working?

  - by Jim

  I have two vectors of MyObj structs. MyObj is defined as follows: struct MyObj { float x, y; unsigned int data[8]; unsigned int tmp[1]; MyObj(const MyObj &m) { x = m.x; y = m.y; tmp[0] = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) { data[i] = m.data[i]; } } }; I then have two vectors... vector<MyObj> v1; vector<MyObj> v2; // both get data eventually. v1.insert(v1.end(), v2.begin(), v2.end()); v2 has 3535004 elements in my experiment. v1 is similarly sized. I've also tried building a new vector and just using .push_back to build it from both vectors. Essentially, when I try to merge the two vectors I just get an error from visual studio saying "Debug error! R6010, abort() has been called". Very non-useful... So my question is: what could be causing this error, and how can I solve it? Thank you

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• OpenCV compare two images and get different pixels

  - by Richard Knop

  For some reason the code bellow is not working. I have two 640*480 images which are very similar but not the same (at least few hundred/thousand pixels should be different). This is how I am comparing them and counting different pixels: unsigned char* row; unsigned char* row2; int count = 0; // this happens in a loop // fIplImageHeader is current image // lastFIplImageHeader is image from previous iteration if ( NULL != lastFIplImageHeader->imageData ) { for( int y = 0; y < fIplImageHeader->height; y++ ) { row = &CV_IMAGE_ELEM( fIplImageHeader, unsigned char, y, 0 ); row2 = &CV_IMAGE_ELEM( lastFIplImageHeader, unsigned char, y, 0 ); for( int x = 0; x < fIplImageHeader->width*fIplImageHeader->nChannels; x += fIplImageHeader->nChannels ) { if (row[x] == row2[x]) // the pixel in the first channel (usually G) { count++; } if (row[x+1] == row2[x+1]) // ... second channel (usually B) { count++; } if (row[x+2] == row2[x+2]) // ... third channel (usually R) { count++; } } } } Now at the end I get number 3626 which would seem alright. But, I tried opening one of the images in MS Paint and drawing thick red lines all over it which should increase the number of different pixels substantially. I got the same number again: 3626. Obviously I am doing something wrong here. I am comparing these images in a loop. This line is before the loop: IplImage* lastFIplImageHeader = cvCreateImageHeader(cvSize(640, 480), 8, 3); Then inside the loop I load images like this: IplImage* fIplImageHeader = cvLoadImage( filePath.c_str() ); // here I compare the pixels (the first code snippet) lastFIplImageHeader->imageData = fIplImageHeader->imageData; So lastFIplImageHeader is storing the image from the previous iteration and fIplImageHeader is storing the current image.

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• Want to convert whole PHP script in RUBY ON RAILS

  - by user303058

  // set image quality (from 0 to 100, not applicable to gif) $imgquality = 100; // get data from $_POST or $_GET ? $data = &$_POST; // get image dimensions $width = (int) $data['width']; $height = (int) $data['height']; // create image object $img = imagecreatetruecolor($width, $height); // populate image with pixels for ($y = 0; $y < $height; $y++) { // innitialize $x = 0; // get row data $row = explode(',', $data['r'.$y]); // place row pixels $cnt = sizeof($row); for ($r = 0; $r < $cnt; $r++) { // get pixel(s) data $pixel = explode(':', $row[$r]); // get color $pixel[0] = str_pad($pixel[0], 6, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT); $cr = hexdec(substr($pixel[0], 0, 2)); $cg = hexdec(substr($pixel[0], 2, 2)); $cb = hexdec(substr($pixel[0], 4, 2)); // allocate color $color = imagecolorallocate($img, $cr, $cg, $cb); // place repeating pixels $repeat = isset($pixel[1]) ? (int) $pixel[1] : 1; for ($c = 0; $c < $repeat; $c++) { // place pixel imagesetpixel($img, $x, $y, $color); // iterate column $x++; } } } // set proper content type header('Content-type: image/'.$imgtype); header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="chart.'.$imgtype.'"'); // stream image $function = 'image'.$imgtype; if ($imgtype == 'gif') { $function($img); } else { $function($img, null, $imgquality); } // destroy imagedestroy($img); ?

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• How is an array stored in memory?

  - by George

  In an interest to delve deeper into how memory is allocated and stored, I have written an application that can scan memory address space, find a value, and write out a new value. I developed a sample application with the end goal to be able to programatically locate my array, and overwrite it with a new sequence of numbers. In this situation, I created a single dimensional array, with 5 elements, e.g. int[] array = new int[] {8,7,6,5,4}; I ran my application and searched for a sequence of the five numbers above. I was looking for any value that fell between 4 and 8, for a total of 5 numbers in a row. Unforuntately, my the sequential numbers in my array matched hundreds of results, as the numbers 4 through 8, in no particular sequence happened to be next to each other, in memory, in many situations. Is there any way to distinguish that a set of numbers within memory, represents an array, not simply integers that are next to each other? Is there any way of knowing that if I find a certain value, that the matching values proceeding it are that of an array? I would assume that when I declare int[] array, its pointing at the first address of my array, which would provide some kind of meta-data to what existed in the array, e.g. 0x123456789 meta-data, 5 - 32 bit integers 0x123456789 + 32 "8" 0x123456789 + 64 "7" 0x123456789 + 96 "6" 0x123456789 + 128 "5" 0x123456789 + 160 "4" Am I way off base?

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• Foreach loop and tasks.

  - by Scott Chamberlain

  I know from the codeing guidlines that I have read you should not do for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { Task.Factory.StartNew(() => Console.WriteLine(i)); } Console.ReadLine(); as it will write 5 5's, I understand that and I think i understand why it is happening. I know the solution is just to do for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { int localI = i; Task.Factory.StartNew(() => Console.WriteLine(localI)); } Console.ReadLine(); However is something like this ok to do? foreach (MyClass myClass in myClassList) { Task.Factory.StartNew(() => myClass.DoAction()); } Console.ReadLine(); Or do I need to do the same thing I did in the for loop. foreach (MyClass myClass in myClassList) { MyClass localMyClass = myClass; Task.Factory.StartNew(() => localMyClass.DoAction()); } Console.ReadLine();

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• Using abstract base to implement private parts of a template class?

  - by StackedCrooked

  When using templates to implement mix-ins (as an alternative to multiple inheritance) there is the problem that all code must be in the header file. I'm thinking of using an abstract base class to get around that problem. Here's a code sample: class Widget { public: virtual ~Widget() {} }; // Abstract base class allows to put code in .cpp file. class AbstractDrawable { public: virtual ~AbstractDrawable() = 0; virtual void draw(); virtual int getMinimumSize() const; }; // Drawable mix-in template<class T> class Drawable : public T, public AbstractDrawable { public: virtual ~Drawable() {} virtual void draw() { AbstractDrawable::draw(); } virtual int getMinimumSize() const { return AbstractDrawable::getMinimumSize(); } }; class Image : public Drawable< Widget > { }; int main() { Image i; i.draw(); return 0; } Has anyone walked that road before? Are there any pitfalls that I should be aware of?

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• parsing ssid with iwconfig in c

  - by user1781595

  I am about building a bar for DWM (ubuntu linux), showing wifi details such as the ssid. Thats my code: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) { FILE *fp; int status; char path[1035]; /* Open the command for reading. */ fp = popen("iwconfig", "r"); if (fp == NULL) { printf("Failed to run command\n" ); exit; } char s[500]; /* Read the output a line at a time - output it. */ while (fgets(path, sizeof(path)-1, fp) != NULL) { sprintf(s,"%s%s",s, path); } //printf("%s",s); /* close */ pclose(fp); char delimiter[1] = "s"; char *ptr; ptr = strtok(s, delimiter); printf("SSID: %s\n", ptr); return 0; } i am getting overflowerrors and dont know what to do. I dont think, thats a good way to get the ssid either... :/ Suggestions?

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• Overhead of calling tiny functions from a tight inner loop? [C++]

  - by John

  Say you see a loop like this one: for(int i=0; i<thing.getParent().getObjectModel().getElements(SOME_TYPE).count(); ++i) { thing.getData().insert( thing.GetData().Count(), thing.getParent().getObjectModel().getElements(SOME_TYPE)[i].getName() ); } if this was Java I'd probably not think twice. But in performance-critical sections of C++, it makes me want to tinker with it... however I don't know if the compiler is smart enough to make it futile. This is a made up example but all it's doing is inserting strings into a container. Please don't assume any of these are STL types, think in general terms about the following: Is having a messy condition in the for loop going to get evaluated each time, or only once? If those get methods are simply returning references to member variables on the objects, will they be inlined away? Would you expect custom [] operators to get optimized at all? In other words is it worth the time (in performance only, not readability) to convert it to something like: ElementContainer &source = thing.getParent().getObjectModel().getElements(SOME_TYPE); int num = source.count(); Store &destination = thing.getData(); for(int i=0;i<num;++i) { destination.insert(thing.GetData().Count(), source[i].getName(); } Remember, this is a tight loop, called millions of times a second. What I wonder is if all this will shave a couple of cycles per loop or something more substantial? Yes I know the quote about "premature optimisation". And I know that profiling is important. But this is a more general question about modern compilers, Visual Studio in particular.

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• why no implicit conversion from pointer to reference to const pointer.

  - by user316606

  I'll illustrate my question with code: #include <iostream> void PrintInt(const unsigned char*& ptr) { int data = 0; ::memcpy(&data, ptr, sizeof(data)); // advance the pointer reference. ptr += sizeof(data); std::cout << std::hex << data << " " << std::endl; } int main(int, char**) { unsigned char buffer[] = { 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, }; /* const */ unsigned char* ptr = buffer; PrintInt(ptr); // error C2664: ... PrintInt(ptr); // error C2664: ... return 0; } When I run this code (in VS2008) I get this: error C2664: 'PrintInt' : cannot convert parameter 1 from 'unsigned char *' to 'const unsigned char *&'. If I uncomment the "const" comment it works fine. However shouldn't pointer implicitly convert into const pointer and then reference be taken? Am I wrong in expecting this to work? Thanks!

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• C++ traits question

  - by duli

  I have a templated class template <typename Data> class C { ..... } In most situations, I depend on the compiler to let me substitute types for Data. I call methods foo(), goo() on objects of type Data, so what I substitute needs to provide that. I now need to substitute int and string for my Data type. I do not want to specialize because the class is already too big and would require specializing each method (with only small code change). My options (please tell me if there are more) 1) I can provide wrapper classes around int and string which implement the methods foo(), goo() etc 2) provide a traits class traits that calls foo() or goo() on objects of classes that provide foo(),goo() (these are my present substitutable classes) and specialize these classes for int and string. Questions 1) what are the relative merits of 1 vs 2? 2) My traits classes will have static methods. Can a traits class have non-static methods as well? I see most traits classes define constants in the STL. 3) Do I make the traits classes global or should I pass them in as a template parameter for class C?

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• C read X bytes from a file, padding if needed

  - by Hunter McMillen

  I am trying to read in an input file 64 bits at a time, then do some calculations on those 64 bits, the problem is I need to convert the ascii text to hexadecimal characters. I have searched around but none of the answers posted seem to work for my situation. Here is what I have: int main(int argc, int * argv) { char buffer[9]; FILE *f; unsigned long long test; if(f = fopen("input2.txt", "r")) { while( fread(buffer, 8, 1, f) != 0) //while not EOF read 8 bytes at a time { buffer[8] = '\0'; test = strtoull(buffer, NULL, 16); //interpret as hex printf("%llu\n", test); printf("%s\n", buffer); } fclose(f); } } For an input like this: "testing string to hex conversion" I get results like this: 0 testing 0 string t 0 o hex co 0 nversion Where I would expect: 74 65 73 74 69 6e 67 20 <- "testing" in hex testing 73 74 72 69 6e 67 20 74 <- "string t" in hex string t 6f 20 68 65 78 20 63 6f <- "o hex co" in hex o hex co 6e 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e <- "nversion" in hex nversion Can anyone see where I misstepped?

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• How to optimize my game calendar in C#?

  - by MartyIX

  Hi, I've implemented a simple calendar (message system) for my game which consists from: 1) List<Event> calendar; 2) public class Event { /// <summary> /// When to process the event /// </summary> public Int64 when; /// <summary> /// Which object should process the event /// </summary> public GameObject who; /// <summary> /// Type of event /// </summary> public EventType what; public int posX; public int posY; public int EventID; } 3) calendar.Add(new Event(...)) The problem with this code is that even thought the number of messages is not excessise per second. It allocates still new memory and GC will once need to take care of that. The garbage collection may lead to a slight lag in my game and therefore I'd like to optimalize my code. My considerations: To change Event class in a structure - but the structure is not entirely small and it takes some time to copy it wherever I need it. Reuse Event object somehow (add queue with used events and when new event is needed I'll just take from this queue). Does anybody has other idea how to solve the problem? Thanks for suggestions!

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• JSON can't read, key reading fail maybe

  - by Abdullah Al Mubarok

  I wonder why I can't read the JSON Object like this : { "1":{"bulan":"Januari","tahun":"2012","tagihan":"205000","status":"Lunas"}, "2":{"bulan":"Februari","tahun":"2012","tagihan":"180000","status":"Lunas"}, "3":{"bulan":"Maret","tahun":"2012","tagihan":"120000","status":"Lunas"}, "4":{"bulan":"April","tahun":"2012","tagihan":"230000","status":"Lunas"}, "5":{"bulan":"Mei","tahun":"2012","tagihan":"160000","status":"Lunas"}, "6":{"bulan":"Juni","tahun":"2012","tagihan":"150000","status":"Belum Lunas"}, "panjang":6 } with my android code like this : try { int length = jobj.getInt("panjang"); for(int n = 0; n < length; n++){ String m = Integer.toString(n) JSONObject row = jobj.getJSONObject(m); String bulan = row.getString("bulan"); String tahun = row.getString("tahun"); String tagihan = row.getString("tagihan"); String status = row.getString("status"); HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>(); map.put("bulan", bulan); map.put("tahun", tahun); map.put("tagihan", tagihan); map.put("status", status); list.add(map); } } catch (JSONException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } It always return nothing, but it works fine if I change the key m to specific key like if String m = "1"; and I can't use JSONObject row = jobj.getJSONObject(n); because getJSONObject() just accept string, not int. is there something wrong with my code?

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• Pointers into elements in a container

  - by Pillsy

  Say I have an object: struct Foo { int bar_; Foo(int bar) bar_(bar) {} }; and I have an STL container that contains Foos, perhaps a vector, and I take // Elsewhere... vector<Foo> vec; vec.push_back(Foo(4)); int *p = &(vec[0].bar_) This is a terrible idea, right? The reason is that vector is going to be storing its elements in a dynamically allocated array somewhere, and eventually, if you add enough elements, it will have to allocate another array, copy over all the elements of the original array, and delete the old array. After that happens, p points to garbage. This is why many operations on a vector will invalidate iterators. It seems like it would be reasonable to assume that an operation that would invalidate iterators from a container will also invalidate pointers to data members of container elements, and that if an operation doesn't invalidate iterators, those pointers will still be safe. However, many reasonable assumptions are false. Is this one of them?

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• Generating new tasks in a foreach loop

  - by Scott Chamberlain

  I know from the codeing guidlines that I have read you should not do for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { Task.Factory.StartNew(() => Console.WriteLine(i)); } Console.ReadLine(); as it will write 5 5's, I understand that and I think i understand why it is happening. I know the solution is just to do for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { int localI = i; Task.Factory.StartNew(() => Console.WriteLine(localI)); } Console.ReadLine(); However is something like this ok to do? Task currentTask = myFirstTask; currentTask.Start(); foreach (Task task in _TaskList) { currentTask.ContinueWith((antecendent) => { if(antecendent.IsCompleated) { task.Start(); } else //do error handling; }); currentTask = task; } } or do i need to do this? Task currentTask = myFirstTask; foreach (Task task in _TaskList) { Task localTask = task; currentTask.ContinueWith((antecendent) => { if(antecendent.IsCompleated) { localTask.Start(); } else //do error handling; }); currentTask = task; }

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• Passing Data to Multi Threads

  - by alaamh

  I study this code from some book: #include <pthread.h> #include <stdio.h> /* Parameters to print_function. */ struct char_print_parms { /* The character to print. */ char character; /* The number of times to print it. */ int count; }; /* Prints a number of characters to stderr, as given by PARAMETERS, which is a pointer to a struct char_print_parms. */ void* char_print(void* parameters) { /* Cast the cookie pointer to the right type. */ struct char_print_parms* p = (struct char_print_parms*) parameters; int i; for (i = 0; i < p->count; ++i) fputc(p->character, stderr); return NULL; } /* The main program. */ int main() { pthread_t thread1_id; pthread_t thread2_id; struct char_print_parms thread1_args; struct char_print_parms thread2_args; /* Create a new thread to print 30,000 ’x’s. */ thread1_args.character = 'x'; thread1_args.count = 30000; pthread_create(&thread1_id, NULL, &char_print, &thread1_args); /* Create a new thread to print 20,000 o’s. */ thread2_args.character = 'o'; thread2_args.count = 20000; pthread_create(&thread2_id, NULL, &char_print, &thread2_args); usleep(20); return 0; } after running this code, I see different result each time. and some time corrupted result. what is wrong and what the correct way to do that?

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• Storing same type but still getting an ArrayStoreException

  - by Firefoxx Pwnass

  I have strange problem. I have three classes. Book ( abstract ), and two subclasses ( Fiction, Nonfiction). I have created array of Book references. That array can hold both subclasse's objects. I'have following code for Fiction class. public class Fiction extends Book{ public Fiction(String title) { super(title); setPrice(); } public void setPrice() { super.price = 24.99; } } And the "same" code for Nonfiction class public class Nonfiction extends Book{ public Nonfiction(String title) { super(title); setPrice(); } public void setPrice() { super.price = 37.99; } } And this is Main program. import javax.swing.JOptionPane; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Book[] book = new Fiction[6]; for(int i = 0; i<book.length; i++) { if(i<4) { String title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter fiction book, no "+i); book[i] = new Fiction(title); } else { String title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter non fiction book, no "+i); book[i] = new Nonfiction(title); } } for(int x = 0; x<book.length; x++) { System.out.println("Book named "+book[x].getTitle()+" costs "+book[x].getPrice()); } } } For any reason i'm getting ArrayStoreException on this line.. book[i] = new Nonfiction(title); But same code works for Fiction class. I checked java documentation and it says that this exception is thrown when i'm trying to store different objects in array ( like String and Int ), but in this case they are all the same objects. Both classes are children of superclass, that means, they are of the same type. I'm confsued. A little help here please?

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• explain notifier.c from the Linux kernel

  - by apollon

  I'm seeking to fully understand the following code snippet from kernel/notifier.c. I have read and built simple link lists and think I get the construct from K&R's C programming. The second line below which begins with the 'int' appears to be two items together which is unclear. The first is the (*notifier_call) which I believe has independent but related significance with the second containing a 'notifier block' term. Can you explain how it works in detail? I understand that there is a function pointer and multiple subscribers possible. But I lack the way to tie these facts together, and could use a primer or key so I exactly understand how the code works. The third line looks to contain the linking structure, or recursive nature. Forgive my terms, and correct them as fit as I am a new student of computer science terminology. struct notifier_block { int (*notifier_call)(struct notifier_block *, unsigned long, void *); struct notifier_block *next; int priority; };

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• C++ unrestricted union workaround

  - by Chris

  #include <stdio.h> struct B { int x,y; }; struct A : public B { // This whines about "copy assignment operator not allowed in union" //A& operator =(const A& a) { printf("A=A should do the exact same thing as A=B\n"); } A& operator =(const B& b) { printf("A = B\n"); } }; union U { A a; B b; }; int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) { U u1, u2; u1.a = u2.b; // You can do this and it calls the operator = u1.a = (B)u2.a; // This works too u1.a = u2.a; // This calls the default assignment operator >:@ } Is there any workaround to be able to do that last line u1.a = u2.a with the exact same syntax, but have it call the operator = (don't care if it's =(B&) or =(A&)) instead of just copying data? Or are unrestricted unions (not supported even in Visual Studio 2010) the only option?

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• Entity Framework - Store parent reference on child relationship (one -> many)

  - by contactmatt

  I have a setup like this: [Table("tablename...")] public class Branch { public Branch() { Users = new List<User>(); } [Key] public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public List<User> Users { get; set; } } [Table("tablename...")] public class User { [Key] public int Id {get; set; } public string Username { get; set; } public string Password { get; set; } [ForeignKey("ParentBranch")] public int? ParentBranchId { get; set; } // Is this possible? public Branch ParentBranch { get; set; } // ??? } Is it possible for the User to know what parent branch it belongs to? The code above is not working. Entity Framework version 5.0 .NET 4.0 c#

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• Identifying memory leaks in C++

  - by Dororo

  I've got the following bit of code, which I've narrowed down to be causing a memory leak (that is, in Task Manager, the Private Working Set of memory increases with the same repeated input string). I understand the concepts of heaps and stacks for memory, as well as the general rules for avoiding memory leaks, but something somewhere is still going wrong: while(!quit){ char* thebuffer = new char[210]; //checked the function, it isn't creating the leak int size = FuncToObtainInputTextFromApp(thebuffer); //stored in thebuffer string bufferstring = thebuffer; int startlog = bufferstring.find("$"); int endlog = bufferstring.find("&"); string str_text=""; str_text = bufferstring.substr(startlog,endlog-startlog+1); String^ str_text_m = gcnew String(str_text_m.c_str()); //some work done delete str_text_m; delete [] thebuffer; } The only thing I can think of is it might be the creation of 'string str_text' since it never goes out of scope since it just reloops in the while? If so, how would I resolve that? Defining it outside the while loop wouldn't solve it since it'd also remain in scope then too. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Difference between the address space of parent process and its child process in Linux?

  - by abbas1707

  Hi, I am confused about it. I have read that when a child is created by a parent process, child gets a copy of its parent's address space. What it means here by copy? If i use code below, then it prints same addresses of variable 'a' which is on heap in all cases. i.e in case of child and parent. So what is happening here? #include <sys/types.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main () { pid_t pid; int *a = (int *)malloc(4); printf ("heap pointer %p\n", a); pid = fork(); if (pid < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "Fork Failed"); exit(-1); } else if (pid == 0) { printf ("Child\n"); printf ("in child heap pointer %p\n", a); } else { wait (NULL); printf ("Child Complete\n"); printf ("in parent heap pointer %p\n", a); exit(0); } }

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• Sorting nested set by name while keep depth integrity

  - by wb

  I'm using the nested set model that'll later be used to build a sitemap for my web site. This is my table structure. create table departments ( id int identity(0, 1) primary key , lft int , rgt int , name nvarchar(60) ); insert into departments (lft, rgt, name) values (1, 10, 'departments'); insert into departments (lft, rgt, name) values (2, 3, 'd'); insert into departments (lft, rgt, name) values (4, 9, 'a'); insert into departments (lft, rgt, name) values (5, 6, 'b'); insert into departments (lft, rgt, name) values (7, 8, 'c'); How can I sort by depth as well as name? I can do select replicate('----', count(parent.name) - 1) + ' ' + node.name , count(parent.name) - 1 as depth , node.lft from departments node , departments parent where node.lft between parent.lft and parent.rgt group by node.name, node.lft order by depth asc, node.name asc; However, that does not match children with their parent for some reason. department lft rgt --------------------------- departments 0 1 ---- a 1 4 ---- d 1 2 -------- b 2 5 -------- c 2 7 As you can see, department 'd' has department 'a's children! Thank you.

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• Using enum values to represent binary operators (or functions)

  - by Bears will eat you

  I'm looking for an elegant way to use values in a Java enum to represent operations or functions. My guess is, since this is Java, there just isn't going to be a nice way to do it, but here goes anyway. My enum looks something like this: public enum Operator { LT, LTEQ, EQEQ, GT, GTEQ, NEQ; ... } where LT means < (less than), LTEQ means <= (less than or equal to), etc - you get the idea. Now I want to actually use these enum values to apply an operator. I know I could do this just using a whole bunch of if-statements, but that's the ugly, OO way, e.g.: int a = ..., b = ...; Operator foo = ...; // one of the enum values if (foo == Operator.LT) { return a < b; } else if (foo == Operator.LTEQ) { return a <= b; } else if ... // etc What I'd like to be able to do is cut out this structure and use some sort of first-class function or even polymorphism, but I'm not really sure how. Something like: int a = ..., b = ...; Operator foo = ...; return foo.apply(a, b); or even int a = ..., b = ...; Operator foo = ...; return a foo.convertToOperator() b; But as far as I've seen, I don't think it's possible to return an operator or function (at least, not without using some 3rd-party library). Any suggestions?

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• Template access of symbol in unnamed namespace

  - by Fred Larson

  We are upgrading our XL C/C++ compiler from V8.0 to V10.1 and found some code that is now giving us an error, even though it compiled under V8.0. Here's a minimal example: test.h: #include <iostream> #include <string> template <class T> void f() { std::cout << TEST << std::endl; } test.cpp: #include <string> #include "test.h" namespace { std::string TEST = "test"; } int main() { f<int>(); return 0; } Under V10.1, we get the following error: "test.h", line 7.16: 1540-0274 (S) The name lookup for "TEST" did not find a declaration. "test.cpp", line 6.15: 1540-1303 (I) "std::string TEST" is not visible. "test.h", line 5.6: 1540-0700 (I) The previous message was produced while processing "f<int>()". "test.cpp", line 11.3: 1540-0700 (I) The previous message was produced while processing "main()". We found a similar difference between g++ 3.3.2 and 4.3.2. I also found in g++, if I move the #include "test.h" to be after the unnamed namespace declaration, the compile error goes away. So here's my question: what does the Standard say about this? When a template is instantiated, is that instance considered to be declared at the point where the template itself was declared, or is the standard not that clear on this point? I did some looking though the n2461.pdf draft, but didn't really come up with anything definitive.

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