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• Debian, 2 NICs load-balancing or agregating with one same gateway

  - by pouney

  Hi, I have one server, with double NICs connected to one switch with the same gateway. Behind the switch we have internet. |Debian| - eth0 - switch - internet - eth1 - same I don't understand how to load-balancing between eth0 and eth1. The inbound/outbound traffic always use eth1. This is the config: # The primary network interface allow-hotplug eth0 auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.248.82 netmask 255.255.255.240 network 192.168.248.80 broadcast 192.168.248.95 gateway 192.168.248.81 allow-hotplug eth1 auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.248.83 netmask 255.255.255.240 network 192.168.248.80 broadcast 192.168.248.95 gateway 192.168.248.81 Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.248.80 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.240 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.248.80 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.240 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.248.81 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.248.81 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 Ips aren't real, it's just for the example. Anybody have an idea on correct routing to use eth0 on 192.168.248.82 and eth1 on 192.168.248.83 ? I have many example for multiple gateway but here it's the same. Thanks all. Regards

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• Debian 6: setting up FTP just for website editing

  - by David Oliver

  I have a VPS using Debian 6.0. Currently, SSH is set to not accept password logins, and only key-based ones. A person who needs to work on one particular website (a vhost) wishes to use FTP. He doesn't need/want SSH. How can I set up FTP access for him, enabling him to have write permissions for all files in the relevant directory, and only the relevant directory? The directory is /srv/www/domainname.com/public_html Currently, all directories and files in that directory belong to www-data:www-data and are 644/755. I've installed vsftpd and have been reading some guides, but they all seem to deal with allowing multiple users to have their own user-named directories which isn't what I'm after. I can't seem to work out how to simply define one FTP user with a password that has access to one directory of my choosing. This is my first experience of setting up an FTP server. Thanks. Edit: have also found this - maybe I should be using ProFTPd, or can vsftpd also do what I want?

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• What should I encrypt in Debian during install?

  - by ianfuture

  I have seen various guides and recommendations on web about how best to do this but nothing that clearly explains the best way and why. So I understand there is a need for part of Debian during install to be un-encrypted on its own partition to allow it to boot. Most info I have seen is call this /boot and set the boot flag. Next I believe the best approach is to create another partition out of all the rest of the disk space, encrypt this, then on top of that create a LVM and then within the LVM create my various partitions , name them , select size, and file system type. Can I include /swap in the encrypted LVM part ? Is this approach sound? If so what are the partitions I should use (this is going to be a minimal server install with a view to install as and when what I need for a dev server)? Finally how does the installer know what to put in each partition I define ? I appreciate there are more than one question but any help and suggestions would be appreciated. If further clarification is needed please mention in the comments . Thanks.. Ian

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• What should I encrypt in Debian during install?

  - by ianfuture

  I have seen various guides and recommendations on web about how best to do this but nothing that clearly explains the best way and why. So I understand there is a need for part of Debian during install to be un-encrypted on its own partition to allow it to boot. Most info I have seen is call this /boot and set the boot flag. Next I believe the best approach is to create another partition out of all the rest of the disk space, encrypt this, then on top of that create a LVM and then within the LVM create my various partitions , name them , select size, and file system type. Can I include /swap in the encrypted LVM part ? Is this approach sound? If so what are the partitions I should use (this is going to be a minimal server install with a view to install as and when what I need for a dev server)? Finally how does the installer know what to put in each partition I define ? I appreciate there are more than one question but any help and suggestions would be appreciated. If further clarification is needed please mention in the comments . EDIT : 16/3/2010 After Richard Holloways reply I thought it relevant to add this info: The reasons why I want to do this are to explore maximising security on any server install and set up, due to interest in the area of Computer Security and Forensics. Also I am trying to peform the task as if it being performed in an enterprise situation. On a technical matter, once set up and configured with minimal packages and ssh this server will not physically be easy to access so I will only be entering via ssh. (Yes I know why encrypt something no one will ever be able to get their hands on? Because I can and I want to is the simple answer, but see above too).

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• "getpt failed: No such file or directory" when opening a terminal through VNC

  - by Michael

  I am running Debian Wheezy on my server, and have just installed a VNC server and Xfce. I have come across a problem: whenever I open a terminal emulator through VNC, I get an error box with this message: Failed to execute child. getpt failed: No such file or directory. This happens with every terminal I try to run. I can still run commands through SSH, however. It's just the terminal that won't open. Does anyone have any suggestions? /etc/fstab: proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts rw 0 0

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• Must partprobe before using drive?

  - by Jeff Welling

  This is a followup question to Cannot mount /dev/sdc1 on Debian 5.0, special device /dev/sdc1 doesn't exist Basically, I have 6 SATA hard drives in a machine and I'm trying to create a RAID6 array with them. When I try to run the mdadm command to create (with the verbose option) a raid array, I see messages like "mdadm: super1.x cannot open /dev/sdf1: No such device or address" which are resolved by doing partprobe /dev/sdf and then re-running the mdadm command. The problem is that I have to run partprobe after each reboot, and from experience I don't think this is normal behaviour -- on no other linux machine do I have to partprobe the device before I can use it. Something must be going wrong, but how do I troubleshoot this to find out what? Could this be caused by a hardware problem? Edit: Additional note - before I seemed to only have this problem with one drive, but now I'm having it with 3 drives.

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• FastCGI Error Access to the script denied

  - by ArtWorkAD

  I have a Debian Squeeze server running nginx + php-fpm + fastcgi. I have a typo3 installation on this server which runs well. No I installed OTRS and I get an error that I do not understand: 2012/06/25 15:35:38 [error] 16510#0: *34 FastCGI sent in stderr: "Access to the script '/opt/otrs/bin/fcgi-bin/index.pl' has been denied (see security.limit_extensions)" while reading response header from upstream, client: ..., server: support.....com, request: "GET /otrs/index.pl HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "support.....com", referrer: "http://support.....com/" Why do I get this error? The otrs directory is writable for the webserver, so this is not the problem. Any ideas?

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• Difference between RPM (yum) and apt-get

  - by Josh K

  Functional difference between the two? Packages different style or what? I'm dipping my toe in the server pool and playing with an Ubuntu install right now, which is apt-get. I'm also considering FreeBSD and Debian if I do decide to start running my own VPS. So far things have been very easy, sudo apt-get install apache2 and the like with no issues at all. I'd like to know if there is a different learning curve to yum or variants.

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• Server Security

  - by mahatmanich

  I want to run my own root server (directly accessible from the web without a hardware firewall) with debian lenny, apache2, php5, mysql, postfix MTA, sftp (based on ssh) and maybe dns server. What measures/software would you recomend, and why, to secure this server down and minimalize the attack vector? Webapplications aside ... This is what I have so far: iptables (for gen. packet filtering) fail2ban (brute force attack defense) ssh (chang default, port disable root access) modsecurity - is really clumsy and a pain (any alternative here?) ?Sudo why should I use it? what is the advantage to normal user handling thinking about greensql for mysql www.greensql.net is tripwire worth looking at? snort? What am I missing? What is hot and what is not? Best practices? I like "KISS" - Keep it simple secure, I know it would be nice! Thanks in advance ...

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• ISPconfig makes wrong pure ftpd users??

  - by tomkeim

  Hallo, I have ispconfig installed by this: http://www.howtoforge.com/perfect-server-debian-lenny-ispconfig3 tutorial. Now i wanted to login with me made ftp username and password, but every time i try i get the 530 Login authentication failed message. But i am sure that the password is 100% ok. Someone an idea? Commando: USER devhouse_tom Antwoord: 331 User devhouse_tom OK. Password required Commando: PASS ******** Antwoord: 530 Login authentication failed Edit: i have a same problem with phpmyadmin, but a little different, the mysql users will created, but withouth any kind of rights, i can't even login..... Tom

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• Correct way to treat iptables init failure?

  - by chris_l

  Hi, I'm initializing my iptables rules via /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables, using iptables-restore. This works fine, but I'm a bit worried about what would happen, if that script failed for some reason (maybe the saved iptables file is corrupt or whatever). In case the script failed, I'd like to: Start up my network interfaces without any iptables rules Start up OpenSSH server But not any other services like web server, ... (and maybe stop running instances) Is there a good canonical way to do that? Going into a lower init stage? - I haven't done that in a long time, and I think a lot about init has changed in recent years (?) - which stage should I drop to, and would the OpenSSH server and my network interfaces still run? Thanks Chris (On Debian Lenny)

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• Slab uses 88Gb of 128Gb available. What could cause this?

  - by Joris Meys

  We run a debian 2.6.26-2-amd64 x86_64 GNU/Linux on a server with 128 Gb. Recently it our available memory became rather low. Looking at the /proc/meminfo showed that the Slab was using 88Gb, which is counted in the used memory off course. Is this a problem? I suspect that memory will be freed when necessary, but I don't know if that could have unwanted side effects. Why would Slab need that much memory? Is there a clear cause for that? can we avoid this to happen in the future? How can we free this memory? thank you in advance > cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 132304500 kB MemFree: 26669388 kB Buffers: 237504 kB Cached: 11881136 kB SwapCached: 48 kB Active: 5244640 kB Inactive: 11714308 kB SwapTotal: 5751228 kB SwapFree: 5750436 kB Dirty: 24 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 4840256 kB Mapped: 163968 kB Slab: 88314840 kB SReclaimable: 88275644 kB SUnreclaim: 39196 kB PageTables: 80852 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 71903476 kB Committed_AS: 6818332 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 505724 kB VmallocChunk: 34359231963 kB

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• Can't set-up Wifi Adhoc on my Raspberry Pi with an USB dongle

  - by Wouter

  I am trying to set-up an access point (ad-hoc) for my Raspberry Pi. That means I'm trying to "share" the ethernet connection over Wi-Fi. I am doing this using my Ralink Technology, Corp. RT2501/RT2573 Wireless Adapter. When following a tutorial (or actually every tutorial), it immediately goes wrong. root@pinkypi:/home/pi# iwconfig wlan0 mode ad-hoc Error for wireless request "Set Mode" (8B06) : SET failed on device wlan0 ; Device or resource busy. I already tried ifdown and not having it in the USB port at the startup. If it helps, every action with the thing fail (or at least setting the mode). I am using Debian. I'm sure I'm overseeing something, but I can't find out what. What is wrong?

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• Linux accessibility: Slow Keys causing duplicate key strokes

  - by skypanther

  I'm exploring the accessibility features within Gnome and having trouble with Slow Keys. My input is always doubled. Press a key briefly and I get nothing as you'd expect. Press just a bit longer and which ever key I'm pressing is input twice. Hello becomes HHeelllloo. I'm running Debian Lenny 5.0.6, kernel 2.6.26-2-686, GNOME Desktop 2.22.3 running within a VirtualBox session. I did some googling and didn't find others having similar troubles. Maybe it's a vbox thing? Any ideas how to fix this so I don't get the duplicates? It makes it impossible to log back in when the screen lock kicks on!

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• KVM-Guests can't get past bridge - no internet connection

  - by tmn29a

  I'm running a backported KVM on a Debian Squeeze. ATM the KVM-Guest can't connect to the internet through the bridge I have set up. The guests can reach each other, the host but nothing outside. I can neither ping, nslookup or do anything to a remote address. The guest are configured to have a static IP. When I didn;t have the bridge but a virtual bridge (the KVM-default) the guest could connect fine. After setting up the bridge things broke, so I think the problem lies there. # The loopback network interface auto lo br0 iface lo inet loopback # Bonding Interface auto bond0 iface bond0 inet static address 10.XXX.XXX.84 netmask 255.255.255.192 network 10.XXX.XXX.64 gateway 10.XXX.XXX.65 slaves eth0 eth1 bond_mode active-backup bond_miimon 100 bond_downdelay 200 bond_updelay 200 iface br0 inet static bridge_ports eth0 eth1 address 172.xxx.xxx.65 broadcast 172.xxx.xxx.127 netmask 255.255.255.192 gateway 172.xxx.xxx.65 bridge_stp on bridge_maxwait 0 Thanks in advance for your help !

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• Connection problem between redmine and svn

  - by WombaT

  I have server controlled by Debian 6.0. I installed and configured redmine some time ago, and now configured svn server. Now i'm trying to configure redmine to be able to view svn repository. URL is: https://192.168.11.78/svn/bee Connection is not working, log show this error: Error parsing svn output: #<REXML::ParseException: No close tag for /lists/list> Google says that its common error, and its possible to fix it by permamently accept of server certificate so i did it and nothing. Still dont work. Later, i added [global] store-plaintext-passwords = no in file .subversion/servers I did this (and cert accept) for both root and www-data users. Nothing helped, still got error in redmine The entry or revision was not found in the repository. What else i can do with it?

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• I just got a linode VPS a week ago and I've been flagged for SSH scanning

  - by meder

  I got a 32-bit Debian VPS from http://linode.com and I really haven't done any sort of advanced configuration for securing it ( port 22; password enabled ). It seems somehow there is ssh scanning going on from my IP, I'm being flagged as this is against the TOS. I've been SSHing only from my home Comcast ISP which I run Linux on. Is this a common thing when getting a new vps? Are there any standard security configuration tips? I'm quite confused as to how my machine has been accused of this ssh scanning.

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• How to download source, modify source, recompile and build .deb package?

  - by burnersk

  I have to customize my Apache2 suExec module to ensure some special environment variables getting passed through suExec. How to download the source code form Debian package apache2-suexec, modify suexec.c - safe_env_lst, recompile and build a .deb package again to rollout on the production systems? I tried apt-get source apache2-suexec but didn't found the suexec.c within the occurred apache2-* folder. The altered source code should be like this: static const char *const safe_env_lst[] = { /* variable name starts with */ "HTTP_", "SSL_", /* NEW: Perl debugging variables */ "PERL5OPT=", "PERL5LIB=", "PERLDB_OPTS=", "DBGP_IDEKEY=", /* NEW: FCGI variables */ "FCGI=", "FCGI_CONNECTION=", "FCGI_RUNTIME=", "FCGI_STARTTIME=", draft based on: http://static.askapache.com/httpd/support/suexec.c

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• DOMPDF generation error

  - by VDVLeon

  Hello, I have a big problem at my work. We had to make a page who displays a exercise for the users. But that page need also to be available as pdf. To do this we used DOMPDF. This worked perfectly on your development server but when we moved it to the production server dompdf generates pdf with errors. When i open the pdf i get the error from Adobe Reader: 110. The first server (development) was Debian. The production server runs CentOS 5. DOMPDF used PDFLib or CPDF, but both generate the same error. Does anybody know what kind of differents on the server i need to be aware of ?

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• Munin "Disk usage" is too high?

  - by f-aminov

  I've recently installed munin on my VMware client server and saw that the Disk usage shows about 80-90%. Everything else (cpu load, ram, etc.) seems to be running fine. I have only two virtual hosts on my server with 1000 users/day in total, so I don't think that's too much. Here is the graph for the disk usage. Server info: Debian Lenny, CPU 510Mhz, RAM 512MB Is it bad? What could possibly cause this? Thank you for any suggestions.

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• New XEN Server, Intel i7, Errors were encountered while processing: xen-linux-system-amd64

  - by Sheldon

  I have just got a new machine to run XEN VM's on, it has an Intel i7 processor: - Intel Haswell Core i7-4790 3.6GHz 8MB LGA1150 I have setup the host with the current 6.2.0 I have set up a new Debian 7 64bit VM and any package I try and run fails with the following errors: Errors were encountered while processing: xen-utils-common xen-utils-4.1 xen-system-amd64 xen-linux-system-3.2.0-4-amd64 xen-linux-system-amd64 E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) Excuse my noob-ness but should it even be running an AMD package ? Any ideas on how to fix this ? Thanks

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• correct routing for multiple devices

  - by helmi

  I have Debian Lenny machine with 3 interfaces enabled (eth0-2), and I have problems as follow. eth1 is connected to a router and this router has portforwarding for port80. eth2 is connected direct to the internet If I open a website hosted on my system via the router it works fine. If I try to open the same via the eth2 connetion it does not! tshark shows incomming trafic on eth2 but nothing goes out there. iptabes accepts all My routing table: Ziel Router Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.9.0.2 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 212.236.24.128 * 255.255.255.224 U 0 0 0 eth2 192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.9.0.0 10.9.0.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 default 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 default 212.236.024.129 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2 default 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

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• What response should be made to a continued web-app crack attempt?

  - by Tchalvak

  I've issues with a continuous, concerted cracking attempt on a website (coded in php). The main problem is sql-injection attempts, running on a Debian server. A secondary effect of the problem is being spidered or repeatedly spammed with urls that, though a security hole has been closed, are still obviously related attempts to crack the site, and continue to add load to the site, and thus should be blocked. So what measures can I take to: A: Block known intruders/known attack machines (notably making themselves anonymous via botnet or relaying servers) to prevent their repeated, continuous, timed access from affecting the load of the site, and B: report & respond to the attack (I'm aware that the reporting to law enforcement is almost certainly futile, as may be reporting to the ip/machine where the attacks are originating, but other responses to take would be welcome).

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• SSH keys fail for one user

  - by Eli

  I just set up a new Debian server. I disabled root SSH and password auth, so you've gotta use a key file. For my primary user, everything works exactly as expected. I used ssh-keygen -t dsa and got myself a public and private key. Put one in authorized keys, put the other in a pem file locally. I wanted to create a user that I can deploy things with, so I did basically the same process. I addusered it, made a .ssh folder, ran ssh-keygen -t dsa (I also tried RSA), put the keys in their appropriate locations. No luck. I'm getting a Permission denied (publickey) error. When I use the exact same keys as the account that works, same error. When I enable password authentication, I can log in via SSH with the password. How do I debug this?

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• would unexpected power cuts harm the Linux OS?

  - by Johan Elmander

  I am developing an application on a Linux embedded board (runs Debian) e.g. Raspberry Pi, Beagle Board/Bone, or olimex. The boards works on an environment that the electricity is cut unexpectedly (it is far complicated to place PSU, etc.) and it would happen every day couple times. I wonder if the unexpected power cuts would cause crash/problem on the Linux Operation System? If it is something that I should worry, what would you suggest to prevent the damages on OS against the unexpected power cuts? PS. The application needs to writes some data to the storage medium (SD card), I think it would not be suitable to mount it as read-only.

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