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  • hello-1.mod.c:14: warning: missing initializer (near initialization for '__this_module.arch.unw_sec_init')

    - by Sompom
    I am trying to write a module for an sbc1651. Since the device is ARM, this requires a cross-compile. As a start, I am trying to compile the "Hello Kernel" module found here. This compiles fine on my x86 development system, but when I try to cross-compile I get the below error. /home/developer/HelloKernel/hello-1.mod.c:14: warning: missing initializer /home/developer/HelloKernel/hello-1.mod.c:14: warning: (near initialization for '__this_module.arch.unw_sec_init') Since this is in the .mod.c file, which is autogenerated I have no idea what's going on. The mod.c file seems to be generated by the module.h file. As far as I can tell, the relevant parts are the same between my x86 system's module.h and the arm kernel header's module.h. Adding to my confusion, this problem is either not googleable (by me...) or hasn't happened to anyone before. Or I'm just doing something clueless that anyone with any sense wouldn't do. The cross-compiler I'm using was supplied by Freescale (I think). I suppose it could be a problem with the compiler. Would it be worth trying to build the toolchain myself? Obviously, since this is a warning, I could ignore it, but since it's so strange, I am worried about it, and would like to at least know the cause... Thanks very much, Sompom Here are the source files hello-1.mod.c #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/vermagic.h> #include <linux/compiler.h> MODULE_INFO(vermagic, VERMAGIC_STRING); struct module __this_module __attribute__((section(".gnu.linkonce.this_module"))) = { .name = KBUILD_MODNAME, .init = init_module, #ifdef CONFIG_MODULE_UNLOAD .exit = cleanup_module, #endif .arch = MODULE_ARCH_INIT, }; static const struct modversion_info ____versions[] __used __attribute__((section("__versions"))) = { { 0x3972220f, "module_layout" }, { 0xefd6cf06, "__aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr0" }, { 0xea147363, "printk" }, }; static const char __module_depends[] __used __attribute__((section(".modinfo"))) = "depends="; hello-1.c (modified slightly from the given link) /* hello-1.c - The simplest kernel module. * * Copyright (C) 2001 by Peter Jay Salzman * * 08/02/2006 - Updated by Rodrigo Rubira Branco <[email protected]> */ /* Kernel Programming */ #ifndef MODULE #define MODULE #endif #ifndef LINUX #define LINUX #endif #ifndef __KERNEL__ #define __KERNEL__ #endif #include <linux/module.h> /* Needed by all modules */ #include <linux/kernel.h> /* Needed for KERN_ALERT */ static int hello_init_module(void) { printk(KERN_ALERT "Hello world 1.\n"); /* A non 0 return means init_module failed; module can't be loaded.*/ return 0; } static void hello_cleanup_module(void) { printk(KERN_ALERT "Goodbye world 1.\n"); } module_init(hello_init_module); module_exit(hello_cleanup_module); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); Makefile export ARCH:=arm export CCPREFIX:=/opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-linux- export CROSS_COMPILE:=${CCPREFIX} TARGET := hello-1 WARN := -W -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wno-sign-compare -Wno-unused -Werror UNUSED_FLAGS := -std=c99 -pedantic EXTRA_CFLAGS := -O2 -DMODULE -D__KERNEL__ ${WARN} ${INCLUDE} KDIR ?= /home/developer/src/ltib-microsys/ltib/rpm/BUILD/linux-2.6.35.3 ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),) # kbuild part of makefile obj-m := $(TARGET).o else # normal makefile default: clean $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$$PWD .PHONY: clean clean: -rm built-in.o -rm $(TARGET).ko -rm $(TARGET).ko.unsigned -rm $(TARGET).mod.c -rm $(TARGET).mod.o -rm $(TARGET).o -rm modules.order -rm Module.symvers endif

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  • How to tell the MinGW linker not to export all symbols?

    - by James R.
    Hello, I'm building a Windows dynamic library using the MinGW toolchain. To build this library I'm statically linking to other 2 which offer an API and I have a .def file where I wrote the only symbol I want to be exported in my library. The problem is that GCC is exporting all of the symbols including the ones from the libraries I'm linking to. Is there anyway to tell the linker just to export the symbols in the def file? I know there is the option --export-all-symbols but there seems not to be the opposite to it. Right now the last line of the build script has this structure: g++ -shared CXXFLAGS DEFINES INCLUDES -o library.dll library.cpp DEF_FILE \ OBJECT_FILES LIBS -Wl,--enable-stdcall-fixup EDIT: In the docs about the linker it says that --export-all-symbols is the default behavior and that it's disabled when you don't use that option explicitly if you provide a def file, except when it doesn't; the symbols in 3rd party libs are being exported anyway. EDIT: Adding the option --exclude-libs LIBS doesn't keep their symbols from being exported either.

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  • Compatible types and structures in C

    - by Oli Charlesworth
    I have the following code: int main(void) { struct { int x; } a, b; struct { int x; } c; struct { int x; } *p; b = a; /* OK */ c = a; /* Doesn't work */ p = &a; /* Doesn't work */ return 0; } which fails to compile under GCC (3.4.6), with the following error: test.c:8: error: incompatible types in assignment test.c:9: warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type Now, from what I understand (admittedly from the C99 standard), is that a and c should be compatible types, as they fulfill all the criteria in section 6.2.7, paragraph 1. I've tried compiling with std=c99, to no avail. Presumably my interpretation of the standard is wrong?

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  • C optimization breaks algorithm

    - by Halpo
    I am programming an algorithm that contains 4 nested for loops. The problem is at at each level a pointer is updated. The innermost loop only uses 1 of the pointers. The algorithm does a complicated count. When I include a debugging statement that logs the combination of the indexes and the results of the count I get the correct answer. When the debugging statement is omitted, the count is incorrect. The program is compiled with the -O3 option on gcc. Why would this happen?

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  • Connect to a website via HTTP in C

    - by sfactor
    i have a C code that parses a file and generates another file for the processed data. i now need to send these files to a web server (website). i guess there way is to do a HTTP POST. but i have never done this in c (Linux gcc compiler in ubuntu). Does anyone know how to do this. i need to a starting point as i have no clue of doing this in C. i also need to be able to authenticate with the website.

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  • Unmangling the result of std::type_info::name

    - by terminus
    I'm currently working on some logging code that supposed to - among other things - print information about the calling function. This should be relatively easy, standard C++ has a type_info class. This contains the name of the typeid'd class/function/etc. but it's mangled. It's not very usefull. I.e. typeid(std::vector).name() returns "St6vectorIiSaIiEE". Is there a way to produce something usefull from this? Like 'std::vector' for the above example. If it only works for non-template classes, that's fine too. The sollution should work for gcc, but it would be better if I could port it. It's for logging so it's not so important that it can't be turned of, but it should be helpfull for debugging.

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  • Building 16 bit os - character array not working

    - by brainbarshan
    Hi. I am building a 16 bit operating system. But character array does not seem to work. Here is my example kernel code: asm(".code16gcc\n"); void putchar(char); int main() { char *str = "hello"; putchar('A'); if(str[0]== 'h') putchar('h'); return 0; } void putchar(char val) { asm("movb %0, %%al\n" "movb $0x0E, %%ah\n" "int $0x10\n" : :"m"(val) ) ; } It prints: A that means putchar function is working properly but if(str[0]== 'h') putchar('h'); is not working. I am compiling it by: gcc -fno-toplevel-reorder -nostdinc -fno-builtin -I./include -c -o ./bin/kernel.o ./source/kernel.c ld -Ttext=0x9000 -o ./bin/kernel.bin ./bin/kernel.o -e 0x0 What should I do?

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  • Ofstream writes empty file on linux

    - by commanderz
    Hi, I have a program which writes its output using ofstream. Everything works perfectly fine on Windows when compiled with Visual Studio, but it only writes empty file on Linux when compiled with GCC. ofstream out(path_out_cstr, ofstream::out); if(out.bad()){ cout << "Could not write the file" << flush; } else{ cout << "writing"; out << "Content" << endl; if(out.fail()) cout << "writing failed"; out.flush(); out.close(); } The directory which is being writen into has 0777 privileges. Thanks for help

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  • Why do debug symbols so adversely affect the performance of threaded applications on Linux?

    - by fluffels
    Hi. I'm writing a ray tracer. Recently, I added threading to the program to exploit the additional cores on my i5 Quad Core. In a weird turn of events the debug version of the application is now running slower, but the optimized build is running faster than before I added threading. I'm passing the "-g -pg" flags to gcc for the debug build and the "-O3" flag for the optimized build. Host system: Ubuntu Linux 10.4 AMD64. I know that debug symbols add significant overhead to the program, but the relative performance has always been maintained. I.e. a faster algorithm will always run faster in both debug and optimization builds. Any idea why I'm seeing this behavior?

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  • Windows based development for ARM processors

    - by user367231
    I am a complete newbie to the ARM world. I need to be able to write C code, compile it, and then download into an ARM emulator, and execute. I need to use the GCC 4.1.2 compiler for the C code compilation. Can anybody point me in the correct directions for the following issues? What tool chain to use? What emulator to use? Are there tutorials or guides on setting up the tool chain?

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  • 'SHA1' is deprecated: first deprecated in OS X 10.7?

    - by sukhvir
    So I was trying to compile a code which has a SHA1 function .. I included following header: #include <openssl/sha.h> And I got the following error while compiling: test.c:9:5: error: 'SHA1' is deprecated: first deprecated in OS X 10.7 [-Werror,-Wdeprecated-declarations] SHA1(msg, strlen(msg), hs); ^ But man pages still have the descriptions for that function. Can anyone suggest any other header for a similar function ( MD5 or SHA1 )? PS - also do I need to link any libraries while compiling using gcc?

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  • Constructing a function call in C

    - by 0x6adb015
    Given that I have a pointer to a function (provided by dlsym() for example) and a linked list of typed arguments, how can I construct a C function call with those arguments? Example: struct param { enum type { INT32, INT64, STRING, BOOL } type; union { int i32; long long i64; char *str; bool b; } value; struct param *next; }; int call_this(int (*function)(), struct param *args) { int result; /* magic here that calls function(), which has a prototype of f(int, long long, char *, bool); , when args consist of a linked list of INT32, INT64, STRING, BOOL types. */ return result; } The OS is Linux. I would like the solution to be portable across MIPS, PPC and x86 (all 32 bits) architecture, using GCC as the compiler. Thanks!

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  • Libxml2: undefined reference to xmlTextReaderConstName

    - by Dmitry
    I have installed the latest libxml2-2.8.0, as usual: $ ./configure, $ make, $ make install. The $ xml2-config --cflags --libs gives this output: -I/usr/local/include/libxml2 -L/usr/local/lib -lxml2 -lm But trying to compile any example... $ gcc `xml2-config --cflags --libs` xmltest.c The linker says: /tmp/cc8ezrPl.o: In function `processNode': xmltest.c:(.text+0x19): undefined reference to `xmlTextReaderConstName' xmltest.c:(.text+0x38): undefined reference to `xmlTextReaderConstValue' ...etc. Anything I've googled can be solved by xml2-config --cflags --libs flags, or upgrading to the latest version of libxml2, or something. Unfortunately, neither works for me. What can be the steps to identify the problem? Using Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit.

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  • Makefile automatic link dependency ?

    - by Kuang Chen
    It's easy to let program figure out the dependency at compile time, (with gcc -MM). Nevertheless, link dependency (deciding which libraries should be linked to) seems to be difficult to figure out. This issue become emergent when multiple targets with individual libraries to link to are needed. For instance, three dynamic library targets t1.so, t2.so and t3.so needs to be built. t1.so needs math library (-lm), while t2 and t3 don't. It would be tedious to write separate rules. A single rule requiring the three targets linked with math library saves the trouble. However, it causes inflation of target size since math library is unused for t2.so and t3.so. Any ideas?

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  • C/C++: Scanning a TIFF file using LIBTIFF

    - by Matt07
    My problem is to scan a tiff image in C and get all the pixel value (let's say for saving them in a txt file) in C/C++. I scanned the web and i found a library named "TIFFLIB" that should do what i was looking for. I downloaded it using the ubuntu package manager, but the gcc doesn't recognize the library. How do i link the library to the compiler? Have I installed it correctly? Is there any better/easier way to do that?

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  • Why doesn't a 32bit .deb package install on 64bit Ubuntu?

    - by codebox_rob
    My .deb package, built on 32-bit Ubuntu and containing executables compiled with gcc, won't install on the 64-bit version of the OS (the error message says 'Wrong architecture i386'). This is confusing to me because I thought that in general 32-bit software worked on 64-bit hardware, but not vice-versa. Will it be possible for me to produce a .deb file that I can install on a 64-bit OS, using my 32-bit machine? Is it just a matter of using the appropriate compiler flags to produce the executables (and if so what are they), or is the .deb file itself somehow specific to one processor architecture?

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  • Bug in malloc or mine?

    - by Martin
    Is this my bug or a bug/assertion fail in malloc itself? alloc.c:2451: sYSMALLOc: Assertion `(old_top == (((mbinptr) (((char *) &((av)-bins[((1) - 1) * 2])) - __builtin_offsetof (struct malloc_chunk, fd)))) && old_size == 0) || ((unsigned long) (old_size) = (unsigned long)((((__builtin_offsetof (struct malloc_chunk, fd_nextsize))+((2 * (sizeof(size_t))) - 1)) & ~((2 * (sizeof(size_t))) - 1))) && ((old_top)-size & 0x1) && ((unsigned long)old_end & pagemask) == 0)' failed. libstdc++6:amd64 4.7.2-2ubuntu1 gcc 4.7.2 ubuntu 12.10/64bit

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  • Same memory space being allocated again & again while using malloc()

    - by shadyabhi
    In each loop iteration, variable j is declared again and again. Then why is its address remaining same? Shouldn't it be given some random address each time? Is this compiler dependent? #include<stdio.h> #include<malloc.h> int main() { int i=3; while (i--) { int j; printf("%p\n", &j); } return 0; } Testrun:- shadyabhi@shadyabhi-desktop:~/c$ gcc test.c shadyabhi@shadyabhi-desktop:~/c$ ./a.out 0x7fffc0b8e138 0x7fffc0b8e138 0x7fffc0b8e138 shadyabhi@shadyabhi-desktop:~/c$

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  • Does a c/c++ compiler optimize constant divisions by power-of-two value into shifts?

    - by porgarmingduod
    Question says it all. Does anyone know if the following... size_t div(size_t value) { const size_t x = 64; return value / x; } ...is optimized into? size_t div(size_t value) { return value >> 6; } Do compilers do this? (My interest lies in GCC). Are there situations where it does and others where it doesn't? I would really like to know, because every time I write a division that could be optimized like this I spend some mental energy wondering about whether precious nothings of a second is wasted doing a division where a shift would suffice.

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  • Referencing invalid memory locations with C++ Iterators

    - by themoondothshine
    I am a big fan of GCC, but recently I noticed a vague anomaly. Using __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator (ie, the most common iterator type used in libstdc++, the C++ STL) it is possible to refer to an arbitrary memory location and even change its value without causing an exception! Is this expected behavior? If so, isn't a security loophole? Here's an example: #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { basic_string<char> str("Hello world!"); basic_string<char>::iterator iter = str.end(); iter += str.capacity() + 99999; *iter = 'x'; cout << "Value: " << *iter << endl; }

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  • Same memory space being allocated again & again

    - by shadyabhi
    In each loop iteration, variable j is declared again and again. Then why is its address remaining same? Shouldn't it be given some random address each time? Is this compiler dependent? #include<stdio.h> #include<malloc.h> int main() { int i=3; while (i--) { int j; printf("%p\n", &j); } return 0; } Testrun:- shadyabhi@shadyabhi-desktop:~/c$ gcc test.c shadyabhi@shadyabhi-desktop:~/c$ ./a.out 0x7fffc0b8e138 0x7fffc0b8e138 0x7fffc0b8e138 shadyabhi@shadyabhi-desktop:~/c$

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  • How to list library dependencies of a non-native binary?

    - by lvella
    When developing for native platform, I can use ldd to list all the shared libraries (.so files) a binary executable I build will try to load upon start-up. But when cross-compiling, I don't know how to get the same information. The ldd is not a normal binutils utility, like strip or ar, that can be built alongside gcc for cross compiling, but instead, it is a cryptic shell script that apparently can only run on native platform. So, using the cross-target binutils tools, is there any way to get a list of the dynamically linked dependency for of a foreign binary?

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  • Best environment to port C/C++ code from Linux to Windows.

    - by Simone Margaritelli
    I'd like to make a big project of mine buildable on Windows platforms. The project itself it's written in C/C++ following POSIX standards, with some library dependencies such as libxml2, libcurl and so on. I'm more a Linux developer rather than a Windows developer, so i have no idea of which compiler suite i should use to port the code. Which one offers more compatibility with gcc 4.4.3 i'm using right now? My project needs flex and bison, is there any "ready to use" environment to port such projects to windows platforms? Thanks.

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  • Eliminating inherited overlong MACRO

    - by ExpatEgghead
    I have inherited a very long set of macros from some C algorithm code.They basically call free on a number of structures as the function exits either abnormally or normally. I would like to replace these with something more debuggable and readable. A snippet is shown below #define FREE_ALL_VECS {FREE_VEC_COND(kernel);FREE_VEC_COND(cirradCS); FREE_VEC_COND(pixAccum)..... #define FREE_ALL_2D_MATS {FREE_2D_MAT_COND(circenCS); FREE_2D_MAT_COND(cirradCS_2); } #define FREE_ALL_IMAGES {immFreeImg(&imgC); immFreeImg(&smal..... #define COND_FREE_ALLOC_VARS {FREE_ALL_VECS FREE_ALL_2D_MATS FREE_ALL_IMAGES} What approach would be best? Should I just leave well alone if it works? This macro set is called twelve times in one function. I'm on Linux with gcc.

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  • Is this a valid C statement ?

    - by Philando Gullible
    Lets say I write char c[99] = {'Stack Overflow'}; in C or C++ it does compiles fine but does this valid? By valid I meant not invoking any kind of undefined or unspecified behavior. Again if I write char c[99] = 'Stack Overflow'; gcc complains about multicharacter constant which is obvious but in the above when I am enclosing within curly brackets compiler is happy! why is it so ? I also notice that puts(c); after the first statement will output 'w' precisely the last character of a general string in-place of Stack Overflow. why so ? Could somebody explain this behavior may be separately.

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