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• Unix users and permissions and how they interact with web files.

  - by Columbo

  Hello, When you issue the command ls in Linux you get this sort of thing: drwxr--r-- 1 fred editors 4096 drafts -rw-r--r-- 1 fred editors 30405 file1.php -r-xr-xr-x 1 fred fred 8460 file2.php I know that the rwxrwxrwx are the read, write and execute permissions for the current user. And I think I know that 'fred' is the user who owns the file. So I assume fred can write to file1 but no one else can. But what is the extra bit 'editors' and what is the difference between file1 and file2 with respect to one having an ownership of 'fred editors' and the other 'fred fred'? Also if a web user connects to one of the files, what is their user name and where is this decided? If the server decided that user connecting from the web was going to be fred, does this mean any web user could write to file1? Any information welcomed, I am resaerching this but just getting confused. Thanks

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• Unable to use NTFS partition for Dropbox in Linux

  - by Cristian

  Dropbox won't let me choose the sync folder inside a NTFS partition. First thought I had was mounting and its permissions (the Dropbox installer does let me choose my linux home as the Dropbox home). After searching and trying several other lines, the partition is mounted via fstab with these settings: /dev/sda5 /mnt/documents ntfs-3g uid=1000,gid=100,dmask=027,fmask=137 0 0 I can read and write in the partition, here is a ls output: 24 drwxr-x--- 1 tuxcayc users 24576 Sep 2 06:42 documents I'm using an Arch-based distro (Manjaro) and Dropbox installed via yaourt. I guess it's still some issue with mounting permissions. Any help is appreciated, Thanks.

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• Cygwin and zsh: removing "path prefix line"

  - by Viktor

  I've installed Cygwin under Windows 7 and I've added the line exec zsh -l to C:\cygwin\home\Viktor\.bash_profile. Problem is I still get that ugly new line for every command I write: (Viktor@INET)[2] ~ $ cd D: (Viktor@INET)[3] /cygdrive/d $ ls $RECYCLE.BIN Program Files (x86) System Volume Information Viktor xampp (Viktor@INET)[4] /cygdrive/d $ _ As horizontal space is no concern with 1920 pixels I would like to have the "Linux appearance", something like this viktor@inet> _ or whatever is default. One command shouldn't take three lines. And how do I change the colors? Edit. I also have Console2 installed, which I have set to use Cygwin, if that's any help.

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• Mac OS X Snow Leopard: permissions changed on /var results in dns lookup issues

  - by Ivan

  I was attempting to solve an issue ("/var/log/msmtp.log: permissions denied" error when attempting to send mail using msmtp) when I did this: > chmod -R 770 /var After that, my machine would not resolve domain names via cURL. (ping also fails) But, oddly, I can enter domain names into Safari and visit any web pages w/o a problem... I'm actually not sure if the chmod command is the cause of the problem, but I suspect it is. Also, if I ls -l on /var (or /private/var) it doesn't seem that any of the subdirectories or files there actually changed permission, but there are many, so I can't say that conclusively... Incidentally, I fixed the original error (msmtp.log permission denied) by setting TMPDIR=/tmp in my local environment (bash). Now the error goes away, but I get this error: msmtp: cannot locate host domainname.org: nodename nor servname provided, or not known Any ideas about how to go about getting DNS working again?

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• Removing DS_Store files and variants?

  - by Ron Gejman

  Hi, I am running an Ubuntu 10.04.1 LTS server. Frequently I open up files using AFP from my Mac. Inevitably this created .DS_Store files on the server (although for some reason they are named :2eDS_Store. However, it also creates variants on DS_Store files. These variants are often named similarly to other files in that directory. E.g.: ~$ ls total 60K -rw-r--r-- 1 tarakhovsky 16K 2010-11-30 18:28 :2eDS_Store drwx--S--- 4 tarakhovsky 4.0K 2010-11-08 13:58 :2eTemporaryItems/ lrwxrwxrwx 1 tarakhovsky 15 2010-10-19 17:44 bigdisk -> /media/bigdisk// ... drwxr-xr-x 3 tarakhovsky 4.0K 2010-11-03 18:24 Temporary Items/ drwxr-xr-x 3 tarakhovsky 4.0K 2010-11-30 01:34 tmp/ ... I've disabled creation of DS_Store files using: defaults write com.apple.desktopservices DSDontWriteNetworkStores true so hopefully this won't continue to occur—but I really want to get rid of all of the existing variants of DS_Store files already on the server. Any ideas as to why these variants are being created and how I can get rid of them all?

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• Can't delete a directory on external drive (OS X)

  - by Martin Tóth

  I have a brand new Transcend StoreJet 25M3 (external HDD) mounted to MacBook (Leopard 10.5.8) at /Volumes/Transcend. I copied some data from my old Windows (XP) machine on it, and now, after cleaning some stuff up, I wanted to delete some directories, but this is what happened: $ rmdir My\ Pictures/ rmdir: My Pictures/: Operation not permitted Using Finder just asks for password, but does not delete the directory (sound of "moved to Trash" is played). I thought it's some permission "thing", but: $ ls -l drwxrwxrwx 1 martin staff 32768 5 jan 16:11 My Pictures/ $ sudo rm -rf My\ Pictures rm: My Pictures: Operation not permitted I re-mounted, rebooted (thinking that there's some file lock), but that did not help. What might have happened here? How to delete it?

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• How to properly create a startup script for tracd on Synology DS209+II?

  - by Daren Thomas

  I'm running tracd on a Synology DS209+II NAS. For that purpose, I have created a script in /opt/etc/init.d called S81trac: myserver> ls -l /opt/etc/init.d -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 127 May 19 09:56 S80apache -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 122 Jun 10 10:17 S81trac This file has following contents: #!/bin/sh # run tracd /opt/bin/tracd -p 8888 -auth=*,/volume1/svn/svn-auth-file,mydomain -e /volume1/trac-env And this actually works, except, the NAS never really finishes booting: The blue light keeps flashing. Also, reboot doesn't work anymore (it hangs) and I have to use killall init to reboot the machine. I have tried running tracd in the background, by appending & to the last line of S81trac. After rebooting, the blue light stops flashing. But ps | grep tracd is empty and I can't connect to the trac instance from my PC. I guess I'm doing something wrong here, but what?

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• Windows Server 2008 R2 and OSX 10.5/.6/.7, Search, Spotlight

  - by Keith Loughnane

  I'm handling a migration from a on old mac server to a Windows Server 2008 R2 machine running a 12TB(10 usable) RAID5 server. It's using an SMB share and now the OSX 10.5/.6 users can search sometimes it works but takes up to 10 minutes. The OSX 10.7 machine seems to be fine. I've looked in the root of the shared drive for a .Spotlight-V100 file (ls -a) but it doesn't seem to be there. mdutil says indexing is on for that volume and I have cleared the index using mdutil -E /Volumes/MeSharedVolume numerous times. Any ideas?

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• Ubuntu 10.4 Lucid Server Minimal Install: Slow terminal scrolling

  - by noname

  I have a minimal install of Ubuntu 10.4 Server for testing and learning purposes. There is a very annoying occurrance: whenever I try to "man dpkg" or any command that load a few screens length of text (eg. "ls -al") the redraw speed of the console is just way too slow. I can see how each new line causes the whole screen to redraw. Note: that this doesn't happen inside X. No gui is installed. I have been experimenting with adding vesafb to the grub line as some guides suggested, but no speedups happened. You might be able to reproduce this behaviour on your linux system by switching to terminal using CTRL+ALT+F1. Is there any way to speed scrolling up?

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• What's the best way to clean up after a fork bomb?

  - by raldi

  $ ls bash: no more processes Uh oh. Looks like someone made a fork bomb. Where I used to work, this pretty much meant that the shared server would need to be power-cycled, since even the sysadmins with root often couldn't get the problem cleaned up. Often, they couldn't even get a prompt. I've heard a few tricks (notably, to send STOP signals rather than KILL signals, since the latter would allow the remaining threads to immediately replace the killed ones), but I've never seen a comprehensive guide entitled So, You Have Yourself a Fork Bomb? Let's make one.

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• Bash Shell Hangs on ?+Tab-complete

  - by michaelmichael

  I often use tab completion in Bash when completing directories, but I find that it hangs for an unacceptable amount of time if I accidentally include a question mark in the directory. I'd like to know why and how to prevent it if possible. Here's the scenario: I start a command and use the ~ key to represent home: ls ~?Desktop/co Oops! I held down the Shift for a split-second too long. I had intended for ? to be /. But (oh no!) muscle memory has already kicked in. I've hit the Tab before I noticed the mistake. Now I'm stuck waiting for the shell to beep angrily at me. Usually a minute or two. What happened? Why did the question mark cause it to hang and eventually beep? Any way to stop it from hanging?

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• Permission problem - users can't access main index.php anymore

  - by JMan

  From /var/www, I executed "chmod -R 774 ." and now none of my .php scripts are accessible. From my browser, when I type in mydomain.com or mydomain.com/test2.php or mydomain.com/test.php, I get the 403 Forbidden error msg. So, I changed the permissions of 3 of the .php scripts to 775, but this didn't help either. Here is the output from "ls -la /var/www": drwxrwxr-- 6 john wheel 4096 2010-09-29 17:38 . drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4096 2010-09-27 21:15 .. -rwxrwxr-x 1 john wheel 3353 2010-09-29 05:29 index.php -rwxrwxr-x 1 john wheel 124 2010-09-27 23:12 .htaccess -rwxrwxr-x 1 john john 34 2010-09-29 17:39 test2.php -rwxrwxr-x 1 john john 26 2010-09-28 22:08 test.php The .htaccess file does a URL mod_rewrite so typing in index.php is not needed. Thanks for your help.

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• Could not find rake-10.1.0 in any of the sources

  - by spuder

  I've got a ruby on rails application (gitlab) which is installed via puppet. Everything on the test system runs fine, but production generates an error about rake Running /home/git/gitlab-shell/bin/check Could not find rake-10.1.0 in any of the sources Run bundle install to install missing gems. Here is the full rake check: root@gitlab:/home/git# sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:check RAILS_ENV=production Checking Environment ... Git configured for git user? ... yes Has python2? ... yes python2 is supported version? ... yes Checking Environment ... Finished Checking GitLab Shell ... GitLab Shell version >= 1.7.1 ? ... OK (1.7.1) Repo base directory exists? ... yes Repo base directory is a symlink? ... no Repo base owned by git:git? ... yes Repo base access is drwxrws---? ... yes update hook up-to-date? ... yes update hooks in repos are links: ... Could not find rake-10.1.0 in any of the sources Run `bundle install` to install missing gems. gitlab-shell self-check failed Try fixing it: Make sure GitLab is running; Check the gitlab-shell configuration file: sudo -u git -H editor /home/git/gitlab-shell/config.yml Please fix the error above and rerun the checks. Checking GitLab Shell ... Finished Checking Sidekiq ... Running? ... yes Number of Sidekiq processes ... 1 Checking Sidekiq ... Finished Checking GitLab ... Database config exists? ... yes Database is SQLite ... no All migrations up? ... yes GitLab config exists? ... yes GitLab config outdated? ... no Log directory writable? ... yes Tmp directory writable? ... yes Init script exists? ... yes Init script up-to-date? ... yes projects have namespace: ... Spencer Owen / bar ... yes Projects have satellites? ... Spencer Owen / bar ... can't create, repository is empty Redis version >= 2.0.0? ... yes Your git bin path is "/usr/bin/git" Git version >= 1.7.10 ? ... yes (1.8.4) Checking GitLab ... Finished The step 'gitlab-shell check' effectively runs the following command. If I run that command manually, everything passes. root@gitlab:/home/git/gitlab# sudo -u git -H /home/git/gitlab-shell/bin/check Check GitLab API access: OK Check directories and files: /home/git/repositories: OK /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys: OK I have verified that rake is in fact installed root@gitlab:/home/git/gitlab# gem install rake -v 10.1.0 root@gitlab:/home/git/gitlab# bundle install root@gitlab:/home/git/gitlab# sudo -u git -H gem install rake -v 10.1.0 root@gitlab:/home/git/gitlab# sudo -u git -H bundle install Ruby is installed with update alternatives root@gitlab:/home/git/gitlab# sudo -u git -H ruby --version ruby 1.9.3p0 (2011-10-30 revision 33570) [x86_64-linux] root@gitlab:/home/git/gitlab# sudo -u git -H ls -l `which ruby` lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Oct 8 20:26 /usr/bin/ruby -> /etc/alternatives/ruby root@gitlab:/home/git/gitlab# sudo -u git -H gem --version 2.1.10 root@gitlab:/home/git/gitlab# sudo -u git -H ls -l `which gem` lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Oct 10 20:50 /usr/bin/gem -> /etc/alternatives/gem I've tried the solution mentioned below, to allow shared gems http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19284914/bundle-exec-fails-with-could-not-find-rake-10-1-0-in-any-of-the-sources http://stackoverflow.com/questions/18978002/could-not-find-rake-with-bundle-exec root@gitlab:/home/git/gitlab# cat /home/git/gitlab/.bundle/config --- BUNDLE_FROZEN: '1' BUNDLE_PATH: vendor/bundle BUNDLE_WITHOUT: development:test:postgres BUNDLE_DISABLE_SHARED_GEMS: '1' I've exhausted google, so I'm hoping for someone more familiar with ruby to offer any ideas how to resolve the error. Could not find rake-10.1.0 in any of the sources

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• SELinux Contexts

  - by Josh

  I am configuring Apache\PHP and noticed Apache complaining about permissions with the php shared object. Starting httpd: httpd: Syntax error on line 206 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: Cannot load /usr/lib/httpd/modules/libphp5.so into server: /usr/lib/httpd/modules/libphp5.so: cannot restore segment prot after reloc: Permission denied I looked at the context (started fine with enforcement off) and found: [root@HDSSERVER conf]# ls --lcontext /usr/lib/httpd/modules/libphp5.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root:object_r:httpd_modules_t root root 15565418 May 10 08:39 /usr/lib/httpd/modules/libphp5.so Shouldn't httpd (apache) be able to access files with a context of httpd_modules_t? I got it fixed by applying chcon -t textrel_shlib_t '/usr/lib/httpd/modules/libphp5.so' But I would think the httpd version would work before this one. Can someone explain this to me?

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• Update failure: failed md5sum validation: sys.vgz

  - by NederWeb

  LS, I have ESXi 4, with all the 2009 updates installed. When i try to update the last firmware update, i receive the following error: Copy of /bootbank/sys.vgz to /tmp/stage/firmware/bank/sys.vgz failed md5sum validation (8:02:31:29.332 cpu1:1787979) warning 20-Jan-10 9:42:02 PM I updated the vmware-tools separatedly, which succeeded. I receive this message if i use the update GUI, but also when using the CLI tool. I haven't got a clue how to solve this, anyone any ideas? Or having similar problems?

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• Can't install Parallels Tools on Debian 7.2.0

  - by jfm429

  (Parallels Desktop 9, latest version) As per instructions, I switch to root: $ su - root $ whoami root $ echo $EUID 0 and then execute the installer: $ cd /media/cdrom0 $ ./install and I get this error: sudo: unable to execute ./install: Permission denied What? I'm root! What's with this? I double check to make sure the execute bit is set: $ ls -lA | grep install$ -r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 17284 Oct 25 09:22 install Yep. People online are saying that you need to drag the install script to the terminal after typing sudo. So I do that, and this command is what's formed: $ sudo '/media/cdrom0/install' sudo: unable to execute /media/cdrom0/install: Permission denied What's the solution here?

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• Lenovo B460e laptop Unknown filesystem

  - by Dinesh

  I got a Lenovo B460e laptop yesterday (given by the TN Govt). It has WINDOWS 7 Pro Set it up the way I liked it... all software drivers and all. I wanted extra drives, so I entered the WINDOWS diskadmin and changed my partition setup, by splitting and I did the partition setup in the installing proces, so I split my harddisk into 4 parts. So far so good. When I rebooted, I entered GRUB RESCUE MODE. In this mode I know the only command “ls”. Which gives like (hd0) (hd0,msdos5) (hd0,msdos4) (hd0,msdos2) (hd0,msdos1). This Lap does not have a CD drive, otherwise I could have formatted the OS and installed a new OS using WINDOWS 7 CD. Now I don’t know what I’m supposed to do. Any idea on how to fix this?

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• Linux - Create ftp account with read/write access to only 1 folder

  - by Gublooo

  Hey guys.... I have never worked on linux and dont plan on working on it either - The only command I probably know is "ls" :) I am hosting my website on Eapps and use their cpanel to setup everything so never worked with linux. Now I have this one time case - where I need to provide access to a contractor to fix the CSS issues on my website. He basically needs FTP (read/write) access to certain folders. At a high level - this is my code structure /home/webadmin/example.com/html/images /css /js /login.php /facebook.php /home/webadmin/example.com/application/library /views /models /controllers /config /bootstrap.php /home/webadmin/example.com/cgi-bin I want the new user to be able to have access to only these folders /home/webadmin/example.com/html/js /home/webadmin/example.com/html/css /home/webadmin/example.com/application/views He should not be able to view even the content of other folders including files like bootstrap.php or login.php etc If any sys admins can help me set this account up - will really appreciate it. Thanks

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• Linux - Create ftp account with read/write access to only 1 folder

  - by Gublooo

  Hey guys.... I have never worked on linux and dont plan on working on it either - The only command I probably know is "ls" :) I am hosting my website on Eapps and use their cpanel to setup everything so never worked with linux. Now I have this one time case - where I need to provide access to a contractor to fix the CSS issues on my website. He basically needs FTP (read/write) access to certain folders. At a high level - this is my code structure /home/webadmin/example.com/html/images /css /js /login.php /facebook.php /home/webadmin/example.com/application/library /views /models /controllers /config /bootstrap.php /home/webadmin/example.com/cgi-bin I want the new user to be able to have access to only these folders /home/webadmin/example.com/html/js /home/webadmin/example.com/html/css /home/webadmin/example.com/application/views He should not be able to view even the content of other folders including files like bootstrap.php or login.php etc If any sys admins can help me set this account up - will really appreciate it. Thanks

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• Linux - Create ftp account with read/write access to only 1 folder

  - by Gublooo

  Hey guys.... I have never worked on linux and dont plan on working on it either - The only command I probably know is "ls" :) I am hosting my website on Eapps and use their cpanel to setup everything so never worked with linux. Now I have this one time case - where I need to provide access to a contractor to fix the CSS issues on my website. He basically needs FTP (read/write) access to certain folders. At a high level - this is my code structure /home/webadmin/example.com/html/images /css /js /login.php /facebook.php /home/webadmin/example.com/application/library /views /models /controllers /config /bootstrap.php /home/webadmin/example.com/cgi-bin I want the new user to be able to have access to only these folders /home/webadmin/example.com/html/js /home/webadmin/example.com/html/css /home/webadmin/example.com/application/views He should not be able to view even the content of other folders including files like bootstrap.php or login.php etc If any sys admins can help me set this account up - will really appreciate it. Thanks

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• Mounting FTP as filesystem in debian using curlftpfs

  - by Karel Bílek

  I am trying to mount a FTP as filesystem in debian using curlftpfs. What I get after running curlftpfs -o allow_other username:[email protected] /mnt/myftp/ is just: fuse: failed to open /dev/fuse: Permission denied even when run as root. What am I doing wrong? (curlftpfs is in version curlftpfs 0.9.2 libcurl/7.21.0 fuse/2.8) edit: When I write ls -lah /dev/fuse, I see crw-rw---- 1 root fuse 10, 229 Apr 9 00:34 /dev/fuse ...but even when I add both myself and user root to group fuse, neither me (as a user) or user root can mount ftp, I still see fuse: failed to open /dev/fuse: Permission denied edit2: Even if I write this fairly insecure and crazy line: sudo chmod a+rwx /dev/fuse I still get the permission denied message. Which permissions could be denied? edit3: I forgot to mention I am on VPS with OpenVZ. I thought that there is no issue with this, but apparently, there is! I am adding the resolution as the answer.

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• why my server has a dir named "?"

  - by liuxingruo

  These are all the dirs in my server: ? bin boot dev etc home lib lost+found media media2 misc mnt net opt proc root sbin selinux srv sys tmp usr var why there is a "?" dir? Thanks very much. BTW: the touch command was found on my server(wiered). I list the bin dir: alsacard cp dd env hostname loadkeys more ps sed tcptraceroute alsaunmute cpio df ex igawk loadkeys.static mount pwd setfont traceroute6 arch csh dmesg false ipcalc logger mountpoint raw setserial tracert awk cut dnsdomainname fgrep kbd_mode login mv red sh view basename date doexec gawk keyctl ls netstat redhat_lsb_init sleep ypdomainname bash dbus-cleanup-sockets domainname gettext kill mail nice rm sort cat dbus-daemon dumpkeys grep ksh mailx nisdomainname rmdir stty chgrp dbus-monitor echo gtar ksh93 mkdir pgawk rpm su chmod dbus-send ed gunzip link mknod ping rvi sync chown dbus-uuidgen egrep gzip ln mktemp ping6 rview tar touch is missing, how can i get it back?

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• Why Matlab in screen in Linux on PuTTY terminates itself after closing PuTTY session?

  - by Karl

  I connected to a linux server with PuTTY and start a screen session, and start matlab with: matlab -nodesktop Then, I run my matlab code as usual. The code will run for hours. So to test whether screen works, I start another PuTTY session and run top. Then, I close PuTTY session with still-running Matlab (top shows Matlab at 100% CPU usage) in screen. To my surprise, my Matlab process vanished after I close the aforementioned session. I've tried this a few times, and it seems the same thing happened. screen -ls shows that my screens are there but detached. top also shows that my matlab is not there. What might be the possible cause of this? Doesn't screen normally should keep on running even I terminate my PuTTY session?

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• Enable Remote Desktop File Transfer

  - by Eric J.

  Most of the servers I RDP to support cut-and-paste file transfer (from my Win7 64 machine). One does not, and I can't figure out what configuration step is missing. I followed the steps outlined here: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/313292 but do not see the local file system on the remote server (or vice versa for that matter), and I cannot cut and paste files from the local to the remote system. If I try to cut and paste from the remote system to the local one, I get the error Cannot copy FILENAME: Windows cannot find '%1!ls!'. Check the spelling and try again, or try searching for the item by clicking the Start button and then clicking Search. The remote server is Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition.

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• Linux WD30EZRX WD Green HDD & Blacx Duet 5G Usb

  - by Adam

  I have connected up an WD30EZRX WD Green HDD to a Thermaltake Blacx Duet 5G USB dock in Ubuntu 12.04. Every thing seems fine except when the HDD idles it seems to have error ls: reading directory .: Input/output error after a while and is only fixed by unmounting and remounting the drive as root. I have the following line in /etc/fstab UUID=AAF670E9F670B6E3 /media/3TB ntfs defaults,user,auto 0 0 I have noticed that it seems to go between /dev/sdc2 and /dev/sdd2 devices on remount. I did copy 1TB last night without issue in 1 sitting. But after x mins of idle it has remount issue. Any tips/suggestions on how to proceed would be appreciated. Spent most of the night googling and all its done is made me sad. Edit (tried as suggested): root@mediaserver:/media/3TB# sudo hdparm -B 255 -S 253 /dev/sdd2 /dev/sdd2: setting Advanced Power Management level to disabled HDIO_DRIVE_CMD failed: Input/output error setting standby to 253 (vendor-specific) APM_level = not supported Seems as if that didn't help with this particular drive.

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