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• how to import a.py not a folder

  - by zjm1126

  zjm_code |-----a.py |-----a |----- __init__.py |-----b.py in a.py is : c='ccc' in b.py is : import a print dir(a) when i execute b.py ,it show (it import 'a' folder): ['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__path__'] and when i delete a folder, it show ,(it import a.py): ['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', 'c'] so my question is : how to import a.py via not delete a folder thanks

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• Matplotlib: plotting discrete values

  - by Arkapravo

  I am trying to plot the following ! from numpy import * from pylab import * import random for x in range(1,500): y = random.randint(1,25000) print(x,y) plot(x,y) show() However, I keep getting a blank graph (?). Just to make sure that the program logic is correct I added the code print(x,y), just the confirm that (x,y) pairs are being generated. (x,y) pairs are being generated, but there is no plot, I keep getting a blank graph. Any help ?

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• How do I store multiple copies of the same field in Django?

  - by Alistair

  I'm storing OLAC metadata which describes linguistic resources. Many of the elements of the metadata are repeatable -- for example, a resource can have two languages, three authors and four dates associated with it. Is there any way of storing this in one model? It seems like overkill to define a model for each repeatable metadata element -- especially since the models will only have one field: it's value.

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• How can I detect whether an image is a PNG or APNG format?

  - by perlit

  APNG is backwards compatible with PNG. I opened up an apng and png file in a hex editor and the first few bytes look identical. So if a user uploads either of these formats, how do I detect what the format really is? I've seen this done on some sites that block apng. I'm guessing the ImageMagick library makes this easy, but what if I were to do the detect without the use of an image processing library (for learning purposes)? Can I look for specific bytes that tell me if the file is apng? Solutions in any language is welcome.

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• Sending data from one Protocol to another Protocol in Twisted?

  - by veb

  Hi! One of my protocols is connected to a server, and with the output of that I'd like to send it to the other protocol. I need to access the 'msg' method in ClassA from ClassB but I keep getting: exceptions.AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'write' Actual code: http://pastebin.com/MQPhduSY Any ideas please? :-)

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• Artificial Intelligence in online game using Google App Engine

  - by Hortinstein

  I am currently in the planning stages of a game for google app engine, but cannot wrap my head around how I am going to handle AI. I intend to have persistant NPCs that will move about the map, but short of writing a program that generates the same XML requests I use to control player actions, than run it on another server I am stuck on how to do it. I have looked at the Task Queue feature, but due to long running processes not being an option on the App engine, I am a little stuck. I intend to run multiple server instances with 200+ persistant NPC entities that I will need to update. Most action is slowly roaming around based on player movements/concentrations, and attacking close range players...(you can probably guess the type of game im developing)

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• How do I call setattr() on the current module?

  - by Matt Joiner

  What do I pass as the first parameter "object" to the function setattr(object, name, value), to set variables on the current module? For example: setattr(object, "SOME_CONSTANT", 42); giving the same effect as: SOME_CONSTANT = 42 within the module containing these lines (with the correct object). I'm generate several values at the module level dynamically, and as I can't define __getattr__ at the module level, this is my fallback.

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• How to turn a list of tuples into a string?

  - by matt

  I have a list of tuples that I'm trying to incorporate into a SQL query but I can't figure out how to join them together without adding slashes. My like this: list = [('val', 'val'), ('val', 'val'), ('val', 'val')] If I turn each tuple into a string and try to join them with a a comma I'll get something like ' (\'val\, \'val\'), ... ' What's the right way to do this, so I can get the list (without brackets) as a string?

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• Execute function without sending 'self' to it

  - by Sergey

  Is that possible to define a function without referencing to self this way? def myfunc(var_a,var_b) But so that it could also get sender data, like if I defined it like this: def myfunc(self, var_a,var_b) That self is always the same so it looks a little redundant here always to run a function this way: myfunc(self,'data_a','data_b'). Then I would like to get its data in the function like this sender.fields. UPDATE: Here is some code to understand better what I mean. The class below is used to show a page based on Jinja2 templates engine for users to sign up. class SignupHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self, *args, **kwargs): utils.render_template(self, 'signup.html') And this code below is a render_template that I created as wrapper to Jinja2 functions to use it more conveniently in my project: def render_template(response, template_name, vars=dict(), is_string=False): template_dirs = [os.path.join(root(), 'templates')] logging.info(template_dirs[0]) env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader(template_dirs)) try: template = env.get_template(template_name) except TemplateNotFound: raise TemplateNotFound(template_name) content = template.render(vars) if is_string: return content else: response.response.out.write(content) As I use this function render_template very often in my project and usually the same way, just with different template files, I wondered if there was a way to get rid of having to call it like I do it now, with self as the first argument but still having access to that object.

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• Error -3 while decompressing data: incorrect header check

  - by Rahul99

  I have .zip file which contain csv data. I am reading .zip file using <input type = "file" name = "select_file"/> I want to decompress that .zip file and read csv data. file_data = self.request.get('select_file') file_str = zlib.decompress(file_data) #file_data_list = file_str.split('\n') #file_Reader = csv.reader(file_data_list,quoting=csv.QUOTE_NONE ) I am expecting csv data in file_str but I am getting error. error :: Error -3 while decompressing data: incorrect header check What I have to use?

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• does BeautifulSoup strips inline CSS and javascript content

  - by goh

  hey guys does beautifulSoup strips css and javascript content? after using content3 = ''.join(BeautifulSoup(content).findAll(text=True)) i still have them lingering around.

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• How to iterate over an instance object's data attributes, returning two values at a time?

  - by Spikie

  I need to return two values at a time, so I have: class IterableObject(object): def __iter__(self): for item in self.__dict__: return self.__dict__[item + 1], self.__dict__[item] So I can have: myObj1, myObj2 = IterableObject() value = myObj1.balance - myObj2.balance Of course it did not work. What am I doing wrong? I think I can not add value on item like that.

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• How do I use Django to insert a Geometry Field into the database?

  - by alex

  class LocationLog(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) utm = models.GeometryField(spatial_index=True) This is my database model. I would like to insert a row. I want to insert a circle at point -55, 333. With a radius of 10. How can I put this circle into the geometry field? Of course, then I would want to check which circles overlap a given circle. (my select statement)

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• django newbie question : cant start a new project

  - by Moayyad Yaghi

  hello . I'm totally new to django . and I'm using its documentation to get help on how to use it but seems like something is missing. i installed django using setup.py install command and i added the ( django/bin ) to system path variable but. i still cant start a new project i use the following syntax to start a project : django-admin.py startproject myNewProject but it says Type 'django-admin.py help' for usage. 1 do i miss anything ? thank u

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• Can SQLAlchemy DateTime Objects Only Be Naive?

  - by Sean M

  I am working with SQLAlchemy, and I'm not yet sure which database I'll use under it, so I want to remain as DB-agnostic as possible. How can I store a timezone-aware datetime object in the DB without tying myself to a specific database? Right now, I'm making sure that times are UTC before I store them in the DB, and converting to localized at display-time, but that feels inelegant and brittle. Is there a DB-agnostic way to get a timezone-aware datetime out of SQLAlchemy instead of getting naive datatime objects out of the DB?

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• Scrapy Not Returning Additonal Info from Scraped Link in Item via Request Callback

  - by zoonosis

  Basically the code below scrapes the first 5 items of a table. One of the fields is another href and clicking on that href provides more info which I want to collect and add to the original item. So parse is supposed to pass the semi populated item to parse_next_page which then scrapes the next bit and should return the completed item back to parse Running the code below only returns the info collected in parse If I change the return items to return request I get a completed item with all 3 "things" but I only get 1 of the rows, not all 5. Im sure its something simple, I just can't see it. class ThingSpider(BaseSpider): name = "thing" allowed_domains = ["somepage.com"] start_urls = [ "http://www.somepage.com" ] def parse(self, response): hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response) items = [] for x in range (1,6): item = ScrapyItem() str_selector = '//tr[@name="row{0}"]'.format(x) item['thing1'] = hxs.select(str_selector")]/a/text()').extract() item['thing2'] = hxs.select(str_selector")]/a/@href').extract() print 'hello' request = Request("www.nextpage.com", callback=self.parse_next_page,meta={'item':item}) print 'hello2' request.meta['item'] = item items.append(item) return items def parse_next_page(self, response): print 'stuff' hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response) item = response.meta['item'] item['thing3'] = hxs.select('//div/ul/li[1]/span[2]/text()').extract() return item

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• How can I display multiple django modelformset forms together?

  - by JT

  I have a problem with needing to provide multiple model backed forms on the same page. I understand how to do this with single forms, i.e. just create both the forms call them something different then use the appropriate names in the template. Now how exactly do you expand that solution to work with modelformsets? The wrinkle, of course, is that each 'form' must be rendered together in the appropriate fieldset. For example I want my template to produce something like this: <fieldset> <label for="id_base-0-desc">Home Base Description:</label> <input id="id_base-0-desc" type="text" name="base-0-desc" maxlength="100" /> <label for="id_likes-0-icecream">Want ice cream?</label> <input type="checkbox" name="likes-0-icecream" id="id_likes-0-icecream" /> </fieldset> <fieldset> <label for="id_base-1-desc">Home Base Description:</label> <input id="id_base-1-desc" type="text" name="base-1-desc" maxlength="100" /> <label for="id_likes-1-icecream">Want ice cream?</label> <input type="checkbox" name="likes-1-icecream" id="id_likes-1-icecream" /> </fieldset> I am using a loop like this to process the results for base_form, likes_form in map(None, base_forms, likes_forms): which works as I'd expect (I'm using map because the # of forms can be different). The problem is that I can't figure out a way to do the same thing with the templating engine. The system does work if I layout all the base models together then all the likes models after wards, but it doesn't meet the layout requirements.

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• win32com equivalent of xlrd's ncom

  - by Josh

  xlrd makes it pretty easy to know what the last column is. is there an easy way using win32com? I have tried using ws.UsedRange.Rows.Count but this doesnt seem to give a correct answer.

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• How do I use django settings in my logging.ini file?

  - by slypete

  I have a BASE_DIR setting in my settings.py file: BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) I need to use this variable in my logging.ini file to setup my file handler paths. The initialization of logging happens in the same file, the settings.py file, below my BASE_DIR variable: LOG_INIT_DONE=False if not LOG_INIT_DONE: logging.config.fileConfig(LOGGING_INI) LOG_INIT_DONE=True Thanks, Pete

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• How do I add a trailing slash for Django MPTT-based categorization app?

  - by Patrick Beeson

  I'm using Django-MPTT to develop a categorization app for my Django project. But I can't seem to get the regex pattern for adding a trailing slash that doesn't also break on child categories. Here's an example URL: http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat/childcat/ I'd like to be able to use http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat and have it redirect to the trailing slash version. The same should apply to http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat/childcat (it should redirect to http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat/childcat/). Here's my urls.py: from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page from storefront.categories.models import Category from storefront.categories.views import SimpleCategoryView urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^(?P<full_slug>[-\w/]+)', cache_page(SimpleCategoryView.as_view(), 60 * 15), name='category_view'), ) And here is my view: from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse from django.views.generic import TemplateView, DetailView from django.views.generic.detail import SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, SingleObjectMixin from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _ from django.contrib.syndication.views import Feed from storefront.categories.models import Category class SimpleCategoryView(TemplateView): def get_category(self): return Category.objects.get(full_slug=self.kwargs['full_slug']) def get_context_data(self, **kwargs): context = super(SimpleCategoryView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs) context["category"] = self.get_category() return context def get_template_names(self): if self.get_category().template_name: return [self.get_category().template_name] else: return ['categories/category_detail.html'] And finally, my model: from django.db import models from mptt.models import MPTTModel from mptt.fields import TreeForeignKey class CategoryManager(models.Manager): def get(self, **kwargs): defaults = {} defaults.update(kwargs) if 'full_slug' in defaults: if defaults['full_slug'] and defaults['full_slug'][-1] != "/": defaults['full_slug'] += "/" return super(CategoryManager, self).get(**defaults) class Category(MPTTModel): title = models.CharField(max_length=255) description = models.TextField(blank=True, help_text='Please use <a href="http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax">Markdown syntax</a> for all text-formatting and links. No HTML is allowed.') slug = models.SlugField(help_text='Prepopulates from title field.') full_slug = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True) template_name = models.CharField(max_length=70, blank=True, help_text="Example: 'categories/category_parent.html'. If this isn't provided, the system will use 'categories/category_detail.html'. Use 'categories/category_parent.html' for all parent categories and 'categories/category_child.html' for all child categories.") parent = TreeForeignKey('self', null=True, blank=True, related_name='children') objects = CategoryManager() class Meta: verbose_name = 'category' verbose_name_plural = 'categories' def save(self, *args, **kwargs): orig_full_slug = self.full_slug if self.parent: self.full_slug = "%s%s/" % (self.parent.full_slug, self.slug) else: self.full_slug = "%s/" % self.slug obj = super(Category, self).save(*args, **kwargs) if orig_full_slug != self.full_slug: for child in self.get_children(): child.save() return obj def available_product_set(self): """ Returns available, prioritized products for a category """ from storefront.apparel.models import Product return self.product_set.filter(is_available=True).order_by('-priority') def __unicode__(self): return "%s (%s)" % (self.title, self.full_slug) def get_absolute_url(self): return '/categories/%s' % (self.full_slug)

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• Designing a Tag table that tells how many times it's used

  - by Satoru.Logic

  Hi, all. I am trying to design a tagging system with a model like this: Tag: content = CharField creator = ForeignKey used = IntergerField It is a many-to-many relationship between tags and what's been tagged. Everytime I insert a record into the assotication table, Tag.used is incremented by one, and decremented by one in case of deletion. Tag.used is maintained because I want to speed up answering the question 'How many times this tag is used?'. However, this seems to slow insertion down obviously. Please tell me how to improve this design. Thanks in advance.

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• How to use the validation rules on both client-side and server-side?

  - by Andrea Ambu

  I'm using jQuery validation system for client-side validation. The backend works with django. jQuery use an interesting set of rules in JSON format. Does exists something to use the same rules on django side or I need to code it myself?

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• Combinatorial optimisation of a distance metric

  - by Jose

  I have a set of trajectories, made up of points along the trajectory, and with the coordinates associated with each point. I store these in a 3d array ( trajectory, point, param). I want to find the set of r trajectories that have the maximum accumulated distance between the possible pairwise combinations of these trajectories. My first attempt, which I think is working looks like this: max_dist = 0 for h in itertools.combinations ( xrange(num_traj), r): for (m,l) in itertools.combinations (h, 2): accum = 0. for ( i, j ) in itertools.izip ( range(k), range(k) ): A = [ (my_mat[m, i, z] - my_mat[l, j, z])**2 \ for z in xrange(k) ] A = numpy.array( numpy.sqrt (A) ).sum() accum += A if max_dist < accum: selected_trajectories = h This takes forever, as num_traj can be around 500-1000, and r can be around 5-20. k is arbitrary, but can typically be up to 50. Trying to be super-clever, I have put everything into two nested list comprehensions, making heavy use of itertools: chunk = [[ numpy.sqrt((my_mat[m, i, :] - my_mat[l, j, :])**2).sum() \ for ((m,l),i,j) in \ itertools.product ( itertools.combinations(h,2), range(k), range(k)) ]\ for h in itertools.combinations(range(num_traj), r) ] Apart from being quite unreadable (!!!), it is also taking a long time. Can anyone suggest any ways to improve on this?

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• Avoiding nesting two for loops

  - by chavanak

  Hi, Please have a look at the code below: import string from collections import defaultdict first_complex=open( "residue_a_chain_a_b_backup.txt", "r" ) first_complex_lines=first_complex.readlines() first_complex_lines=map( string.strip, first_complex_lines ) first_complex.close() second_complex=open( "residue_a_chain_a_c_backup.txt", "r" ) second_complex_lines=second_complex.readlines() second_complex_lines=map( string.strip, second_complex_lines ) second_complex.close() list_1=[] list_2=[] for x in first_complex_lines: if x[0]!="d": list_1.append( x ) for y in second_complex_lines: if y[0]!="d": list_2.append( y ) j=0 list_3=[] list_4=[] for a in list_1: pass for b in list_2: pass if a==b: list_3.append( a ) kvmap=defaultdict( int ) for k in list_3: kvmap[k]+=1 print kvmap Normally I use izip or izip_longest to club two for loops, but this time the length of the files are different. I don't want a None entry. If I use the above method, the run time becomes incremental and useless. How am I supposed to get the two for loops going? Cheers, Chavanak

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• How do I get javascript results using selenium?

  - by Seth

  I have the following code: from selenium import selenium selenium = selenium("localhost", 4444, "*chrome", "http://some_site.com/") selenium.start() sel = selenium sel.open("/") sel.type("ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_SuburbTownTextBox", "Adelaide,SA,5000") sel.click("ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_SearchImageButton") #text = sel.get_body_text() text = sel.get_html_source() print(text) The click executes a javascript file which then produces results on the same page. Obviously print(text) will only print the orignal html source. How do I get to the results of the javascript?

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