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  • TypeError: 'NoneType' object does not support item assignment

    - by R S John
    I am trying to do some mathematical calculation according to the values at particular index of a NumPy array with the following code X = np.arange(9).reshape(3,3) temp = X.copy().fill(5.446361E-01) ind = np.where(X < 4.0) temp[ind] = 0.5*X[ind]**2 - 1.0 ind = np.where(X >= 4.0 and X < 9.0) temp[ind] = (5.699327E-1*(X[ind]-1)**4)/(X[ind]**4) print temp But I am getting the following error Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 7, in <module> temp[ind] = 0.5*X[ind]**2 - 1.0 TypeError: 'NoneType' object does not support item assignment Would you please help me in solving this? Thanks

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  • Map only certain parts of the class to a database using SQLAlchemy?

    - by Az
    When mapping an object using SQLAlchemy, is there a way to only map certain elements of a class to a database, or does it have to be a 1:1 mapping? Example: class User(object): def __init__(self, name, username, password, year_of_birth): self.name = name self.username = username self.password = password self.year_of_birth = year_of_birth Say, for whatever reason, I only wish to map the name, username and password to the database and leave out the year_of_birth. Is that possible and will this create problems? Edit - 25/03/2010 Additionally, say I want to map username and year_of_birth to a separate database. Will this database and the one above still be connected (via username)?

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  • Assignment to None

    - by Joel
    Hello, I have a function which returns 3 numbers, e.g.: def numbers(): return 1,2,3 usually I call this function to receive all three returned numbers e.g.: a,b,c=numbers() However, I have one case in which I only need the first returned number. I tried using: a, None None = numbers() But I receive "SyntaxError: assignment to None". I know, of course, that i can use the first option I mentioned and then not use "b" and "c", but only "a". However, this seems like a "waste" of two vars and feels like wrong programming. Any ideas? Thanks, Joek

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  • Google App Engine + Form Validation

    - by Iwona
    Hi, I would like to do google app engine form validation but I dont know how to do it? I tried like this: from google.appengine.ext.db import djangoforms from django import newforms as forms class SurveyForm(forms.Form): occupations_choices = ( ('1', ""), ('2', "Undergraduate student"), ('3', "Postgraduate student (MSc)"), ('4', "Postgraduate student (PhD)"), ('5', "Lab assistant"), ('6', "Technician"), ('7', "Lecturer"), ('8', "Other" ) ) howreach_choices = ( ('1', ""), ('2', "Typed the URL directly"), ('3', "Site is bookmarked"), ('4', "A search engine"), ('5', "A link from another site"), ('6', "From a book"), ('7', "Other") ) boxes_choices = ( ("des", "Website Design"), ("svr", "Web Server Administration"), ("com", "Electronic Commerce"), ("mkt", "Web Marketing/Advertising"), ("edu", "Web-Related Education") ) name = forms.CharField(label='Name', max_length=100, required=True) email = forms.EmailField(label='Your Email Address:') occupations = forms.ChoiceField(choices=occupations_choices, label='What is your occupation?') howreach = forms.ChoiceField(choices=howreach_choices, label='How did you reach this site?') # radio buttons 1-5 rating = forms.ChoiceField(choices=range(1,6), label='What is your occupation?', widget=forms.RadioSelect) boxes = forms.ChoiceField(choices=boxes_choices, label='Are you involved in any of the following? (check all that apply):', widget=forms.CheckboxInput) comment = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea, required=False) And I wanted to display it like this: template_values = { 'url' : url, 'url_linktext' : url_linktext, 'userName' : userName, 'item1' : SurveyForm() } And I have this error message: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp_init_.py", line 515, in call handler.get(*groups) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\demos\b00213576\main.py", line 144, in get self.response.out.write(template.render(path, template_values)) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp\template.py", line 143, in render return t.render(Context(template_dict)) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp\template.py", line 183, in wrap_render return orig_render(context) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\template_init_.py", line 168, in render return self.nodelist.render(context) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\template_init_.py", line 705, in render bits.append(self.render_node(node, context)) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\template_init_.py", line 718, in render_node return(node.render(context)) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\template\defaulttags.py", line 209, in render return self.nodelist_true.render(context) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\template_init_.py", line 705, in render bits.append(self.render_node(node, context)) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\template_init_.py", line 718, in render_node return(node.render(context)) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\template_init_.py", line 768, in render return self.encode_output(output) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\template_init_.py", line 757, in encode_output return str(output) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\newforms\util.py", line 26, in str return self.unicode().encode(settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\newforms\forms.py", line 73, in unicode return self.as_table() File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\newforms\forms.py", line 144, in as_table return self._html_output(u'%(label)s%(errors)s%(field)s%(help_text)s', u'%s', '', u'%s', False) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\newforms\forms.py", line 129, in _html_output output.append(normal_row % {'errors': bf_errors, 'label': label, 'field': unicode(bf), 'help_text': help_text}) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\newforms\forms.py", line 232, in unicode value = value.str() File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\newforms\util.py", line 26, in str return self.unicode().encode(settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\newforms\widgets.py", line 246, in unicode return u'\n%s\n' % u'\n'.join([u'%s' % w for w in self]) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\newforms\widgets.py", line 238, in iter yield RadioInput(self.name, self.value, self.attrs.copy(), choice, i) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\newforms\widgets.py", line 212, in init self.choice_value = smart_unicode(choice[0]) TypeError: 'int' object is unsubscriptable Do You have any idea how I can do this validation in different case? I have tried to do it using this kind of: class ItemUserAnswer(djangoforms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = UserAnswer But I dont know how to add extra labels to this form and it is displayed in one line. Do You have any suggestions? Thanks a lot as it making me crazy why it is still not working:/

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  • Convert or strip out "illegal" Unicode characters

    - by Oli
    I've got a database in MSSQL that I'm porting to SQLite/Django. I'm using pymssql to connect to the database and save a text field to the local SQLite database. However for some characters, it explodes. I get complaints like this: UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0x97 in position 1916: ordinal not in range(128) Is there some way I can convert the chars to proper unicode versions? Or strip them out?

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  • How to get debugging of an App Engine application working?

    - by Chris Lacy
    I've got 10+ years in C/C++, and it appears Visual Studio has spoilt me during that time. In Visual Studio, debbuging issimple: I just add a breakpoint to a line of code, and as soon as that code is executed, my breakpoint triggers, at which point I can view a callstack, local/member variables, etc. I'm trying to achieve this functionality under App Engine. I assume that is possible? All the searching I've done to this point has led me to using Pydev in Eclipse. As best I can tell, I am successfully launching my simple 'hello world' program in Debug mode. But the IDE doesn't even seem to have an option to set a breakpoint? I must be missing something. I've googled long and hard about this, but am having no luck. Most results trace back to the same old threads that don't deal directly with my issue. Can anyone shed some light on how you get basic debugging setup using Pydev/Eclipse with App Engine? Alternatively, if there's an easier way to debug App Engine than using Pydev/Eclipse, I'd love to hear about it. Thanks in advance.

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  • How do i use repoze.who?

    - by misterwebz
    I'm having some trouble understanding how repoze.who works. I've followed a tutorial i found by searching on google and here's what i already have: This is what i added in my middleware.py file from repoze.who.config import make_middleware_with_config as make_who_with_config app = make_who_with_config(app, global_conf, app_conf['who.config_file'], app_conf['who.log_file'], app_conf['who.log_level']) Here's the who.ini : http://pastebin.com/w5Tba2Fp Here's repoze_auth.py in /lib/auth/: from paste.httpexceptions import HTTPFound from iwant.model import User class UserModelPlugin(object): def authenticate(self, environ, identity): try: username = identity['login'] password = identity['password'] except KeyError: return None success = User.authenticate(username, password) return success def add_metadata(self, environ, identity): username = identity.get('repoze.who.userid') user = User.get(username) if user is not None: identity['user'] = user I've also checked the plugins in the repoze.who folder, but i failed to understand how it's supposed to be used. I'd appreciate it if someone would push me in the right direction.

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  • Graphing a line and scatter points using Matplotlib?

    - by Patrick O'Doherty
    Hi guys I'm using matplotlib at the moment to try and visualise some data I am working on. I'm trying to plot around 6500 points and the line y = x on the same graph but am having some trouble in doing so. I can only seem to get the points to render and not the line itself. I know matplotlib doesn't plot equations as such rather just a set of points so I'm trying to use and identical set of points for x and y co-ordinates to produce the line. The following is my code from matplotlib import pyplot import numpy from pymongo import * class Store(object): """docstring for Store""" def __init__(self): super(Store, self).__init__() c = Connection() ucd = c.ucd self.tweets = ucd.tweets def fetch(self): x = [] y = [] for t in self.tweets.find(): x.append(t['positive']) y.append(t['negative']) return [x,y] if __name__ == '__main__': c = Store() array = c.fetch() t = numpy.arange(0., 0.03, 1) pyplot.plot(array[0], array[1], 'ro', t, t, 'b--') pyplot.show() Any suggestions would be appreciated, Patrick

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  • Good way to edit the previous defined class in ipython

    - by leo
    Hi, I am wondering a good way to follow if i would like to redefine the members of a previous defined class in ipython. say : I have defined a class intro like below, and later i want to redefine part of the function definition _print_api. Any way to do that without retyping it . class intro(object): def _print_api(self,obj): def _print(key): if key.startswith('_'): return '' value = getattr(obj,key) if not hasattr(value,im_func): doc = type(valuee).__name__ else: if value.__doc__ is None: doc = 'no docstring' else: doc = value.__doc__ return ' %s :%s' %(key,doc) res = [_print(element) for element in dir(obj)] return '\n'.join([element for element in res if element != '']) def __get__(self,instance,klass): if instance is not None: return self._print(instance) else: return self._print_api(klass)

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  • Fastest way to generate delimited string from 1d numpy array

    - by Abiel
    I have a program which needs to turn many large one-dimensional numpy arrays of floats into delimited strings. I am finding this operation quite slow relative to the mathematical operations in my program and am wondering if there is a way to speed it up. For example, consider the following loop, which takes 100,000 random numbers in a numpy array and joins each array into a comma-delimited string. import numpy as np x = np.random.randn(100000) for i in range(100): ",".join(map(str, x)) This loop takes about 20 seconds to complete (total, not each cycle). In contrast, consider that 100 cycles of something like elementwise multiplication (x*x) would take than one 1/10 of a second to complete. Clearly the string join operation creates a large performance bottleneck; in my actual application it will dominate total runtime. This makes me wonder, is there a faster way than ",".join(map(str, x))? Since map() is where almost all the processing time occurs, this comes down to the question of whether there a faster to way convert a very large number of numbers to strings.

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  • stdout and stderr anomalies

    - by momo
    from the interactive prompt: >>> import sys >>> sys.stdout.write('is the') is the6 what is '6' doing there? another example: >>> for i in range(3): ... sys.stderr.write('new black') ... 9 9 9 new blacknew blacknew black where are the numbers coming from?

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  • How to update the contents of a FigureCanvasTkAgg

    - by Copo
    I'm plotting some data in a Tkinter FigureCanvasTkagg using matplotlib. I need to clear the figure where i plot data and draw new data when a button is pressed. here is the plotting part of the code (there's an App class defined before..) self.fig = figure() self.ax = self.fig.add_subplot(111) self.ax.set_ylim( min(y), max(y) ) self.line, = self.ax.semilogx(x,y,'.-') #tuple of a single element self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,master=master) self.ax.semilogx(x,y,'o-') self.canvas.show() self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side='top', fill='both', expand=1) self.frame.pack() how do i update the contents of such a canvas? regards, Jacopo

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  • Django templates check condition

    - by Hulk
    If there are are no values in the table how can should the code be to indicate no name found else show the drop down box in the below code {% for name in dict.names %} <option value="{{name.id}}" {% for selected_id in selected_name %}{% ifequal name.id selected_id %} {{ selected }} {% endifequal %} {% endfor %}>{{name.firstname}}</option>{% endfor %} </select> Thanks..

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  • How to write program to do file transfer based on based omniORBpy

    - by cofthew7
    I'm now writing a Corba project to do file transfering between client and server. But I face trouble when I want to upload file from the client to the server. The IDL I defined is: interface SecretMessage { string send_file(in string file_name, in string file_obj); }; And I implemented the uploading function in the client code: f = open('SB.docx', 'rb') data = '' for piece in read_in_chunks(f): data += piece result = mo.send_file('2.docx', data) If the file is a plain txt file, there is no problem. But if the file is a, like jpg, doc, or others except txt, then it does work. It gives me the error: omniORB.CORBA.BAD_PARAM: CORBA.BAD_PARAM(omniORB.BAD_PARAM_WrongPythonType, CORBA.COMPLETED_NO) Where is the problem?

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  • Inside a decorator-class, access instance of the class which contains the decorated method

    - by ifischer
    I have the following decorator, which saves a configuration file after a method decorated with @saveconfig is called: class saveconfig(object): def __init__(self, f): self.f = f def __call__(self, *args): self.f(object, *args) # Here i want to access "cfg" defined in pbtools print "Saving configuration" I'm using this decorator inside the following class. After the method createkvm is called, the configuration object self.cfg should be saved inside the decorator: class pbtools() def __init__(self): self.configfile = open("pbt.properties", 'r+') # This variable should be available inside my decorator self.cfg = ConfigObj(infile = self.configfile) @saveconfig def createkvm(self): print "creating kvm" My problem is that i need to access the object variable self.cfg inside the decorator saveconfig. A first naive approach was to add a parameter to the decorator which holds the object, like @saveconfig(self), but this doesn't work. How can I access object variables of the method host inside the decorator? Do i have to define the decorator inside the same class to get access?

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  • Preserve time stamp when shrinking an image

    - by Ckhrysze
    My digital camera takes pictures with a very high resolution, and I have a PIL script to shrink them to 800x600 (or 600x800). However, it would be nice for the resultant file to retain the original timestamp. I noticed in the docs that I can use a File object instead of a name in PIL's image save method, but I don't know if that will help or not. My code is basically name, ext = os.path.splitext(filename) # open an image file (.bmp,.jpg,.png,.gif) you have in the working folder image = Image.open(filename) width = 800 height = 600 w, h = image.size if h > w: width = 600 height = 800 name = name + ".jpg" shunken = image.resize((width, height), Image.ANTIALIAS) shunken.save(name) Thank you for any help you can give!

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  • How to get lng lat value from query results of geoalchemy2

    - by user2213606
    For exammple, class Lake(Base): __tablename__ = 'lake' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String) geom = Column(Geometry('POLYGON')) point = Column(Geometry('Point')) lake = Lake(name='Orta', geom='POLYGON((3 0,6 0,6 3,3 3,3 0))', point="POINT(2 9)") query = session.query(Lake).filter(Lake.geom.ST_Contains('POINT(4 1)')) for lake in query: print lake.point it returned <WKBElement at 0x2720ed0; '010100000000000000000000400000000000002240'> I also tried to do lake.point.ST_X() but it didn't give the expected latitude neither What is the correct way to transform the value from WKBElement to readable and useful format, say (lng, lat)? Thanks

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  • Server authorization with MD5 and SQL.

    - by Charles
    I currently have a SQL database of passwords stored in MD5. The server needs to generate a unique key, then sends to the client. In the client, it will use the key as a salt then hash together with the password and send back to the server. The only problem is that the the SQL DB has the passwords in MD5 already. Therefore for this to work, I would have to MD5 the password client side, then MD5 it again with the salt. Am I doing this wrong, because it doesn't seem like a proper solution. Any information is appreciated.

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  • do I need to use partial?

    - by wiso
    I've a general function, for example (only a simplified example): def do_operation(operation, a, b, name): print name do_something_more(a,b,name, operation(a,b)) def operation_x(a,b): return a**2 + b def operation_y(a,b): return a**10 - b/2. and some data: data = {"first": {"name": "first summation", "a": 10, "b": 20, "operation": operation_x}, "second": {"name": "second summation", "a": 20, "b": 50, "operation": operation_y}, "third": {"name": "third summation", "a": 20, "b": 50, "operation": operation_x}, # <-- operation_x again } now I can do: what_to_do = ("first", "third") # this comes from command line for sum_id in what_to_do: do_operation(data["operation"], data["a"], data["b"], data["name"]) or maybe it's better if I use functools.partial? from functools import partial do_operation_one = do_operation(name=data["first"]["name"], operation=data["first"]["operation"], a=data["first"]["a"], b=data["first"]["b"]) do_operation_two = do_operation(name=data["second"]["name"], operation=data["second"]["operation"] a=data["second"]["a"], b=data["second"]["b"]) do_operation_three = do_operation(name=data["third"]["name"], operation=data["third"]["operation"] a=data["third"]["a"], b=data["third"]["b"]) do_dictionary = { "first": do_operation_one, "second": do_operation_two, "third": do_operation_three } for what in what_to_do: do_dictionary[what]()

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  • Munging non-printable characters to dots using string.translate()

    - by Jim Dennis
    So I've done this before and it's a surprising ugly bit of code for such a seemingly simple task. The goal is to translate any non-printable character into a . (dot). For my purposes "printable" does exclude the last few characters from string.printable (new-lines, tabs, and so on). This is for printing things like the old MS-DOS debug "hex dump" format ... or anything similar to that (where additional whitespace will mangle the intended dump layout). I know I can use string.translate() and, to use that, I need a translation table. So I use string.maketrans() for that. Here's the best I could come up with: filter = string.maketrans( string.translate(string.maketrans('',''), string.maketrans('',''),string.printable[:-5]), '.'*len(string.translate(string.maketrans('',''), string.maketrans('',''),string.printable[:-5]))) ... which is an unreadable mess (though it does work). From there you can call use something like: for each_line in sometext: print string.translate(each_line, filter) ... and be happy. (So long as you don't look under the hood). Now it is more readable if I break that horrid expression into separate statements: ascii = string.maketrans('','') # The whole ASCII character set nonprintable = string.translate(ascii, ascii, string.printable[:-5]) # Optional delchars argument filter = string.maketrans(nonprintable, '.' * len(nonprintable)) And it's tempting to do that just for legibility. However, I keep thinking there has to be a more elegant way to express this!

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  • Writing a blocking wrapper around twisted's IRC client

    - by Andrey Fedorov
    I'm trying to write a dead-simple interface for an IRC library, like so: import simpleirc connection = simpleirc.Connect('irc.freenode.net', 6667) channel = connection.join('foo') find_command = re.compile(r'google ([a-z]+)').findall for msg in channel: for t in find_command(msg): channel.say("http://google.com/search?q=%s" % t) Working from their example, I'm running into trouble (code is a bit lengthy, so I pasted it here). Since the call to channel.__next__ needs to be returned when the callback <IRCClient instance>.privmsg is called, there doesn't seem to be a clean option. Using exceptions or threads seems like the wrong thing here, is there a simpler (blocking?) way of using twisted that would make this possible?

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  • How's my pygame code?

    - by Isaiah
    I'm still getting the hang of lots of things and thought I should post some code I made with pygame and get some feedback^^. I posted code here: http://urlvars.com/code/snippet/39272/my-bouncing-program http://urlvars.com/code/snippet/39273/my-bouncing-program-classes There's tome things that I implemented that I'm not using yet I just realized like a timer at the bottom of the main while loop. If my code isn't readable, I'm sorry, I'm self taught and this is the first code I've ever posted anywhere. By the way I made some variables that take the screensize and half it to find a point to spit out the squares, but when I try to use it, it makes a weird effect :/ Try switching the list i have in the newbyte() function with the halfScreen variable and see it freak out o.O thank you

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  • Why do I get rows of zeros in my 2D fft?

    - by Nicholas Pringle
    I am trying to replicate the results from a paper. "Two-dimensional Fourier Transform (2D-FT) in space and time along sections of constant latitude (east-west) and longitude (north-south) were used to characterize the spectrum of the simulated flux variability south of 40degS." - Lenton et al(2006) The figures published show "the log of the variance of the 2D-FT". I have tried to create an array consisting of the seasonal cycle of similar data as well as the noise. I have defined the noise as the original array minus the signal array. Here is the code that I used to plot the 2D-FT of the signal array averaged in latitude: import numpy as np from numpy import ma from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from Scientific.IO.NetCDF import NetCDFFile ### input directory indir = '/home/nicholas/data/' ### get the flux data which is in ### [time(5day ave for 10 years),latitude,longitude] nc = NetCDFFile(indir + 'CFLX_2000_2009.nc','r') cflux_southern_ocean = nc.variables['Cflx'][:,10:50,:] cflux_southern_ocean = ma.masked_values(cflux_southern_ocean,1e+20) # mask land nc.close() cflux = cflux_southern_ocean*1e08 # change units of data from mmol/m^2/s ### create an array that consists of the seasonal signal fro each pixel year_stack = np.split(cflux, 10, axis=0) year_stack = np.array(year_stack) signal_array = np.tile(np.mean(year_stack, axis=0), (10, 1, 1)) signal_array = ma.masked_where(signal_array > 1e20, signal_array) # need to mask ### average the array over latitude(or longitude) signal_time_lon = ma.mean(signal_array, axis=1) ### do a 2D Fourier Transform of the time/space image ft = np.fft.fft2(signal_time_lon) mgft = np.abs(ft) ps = mgft**2 log_ps = np.log(mgft) log_mgft= np.log(mgft) Every second row of the ft consists completely of zeros. Why is this? Would it be acceptable to add a randomly small number to the signal to avoid this. signal_time_lon = signal_time_lon + np.random.randint(0,9,size=(730, 182))*1e-05 EDIT: Adding images and clarify meaning The output of rfft2 still appears to be a complex array. Using fftshift shifts the edges of the image to the centre; I still have a power spectrum regardless. I expect that the reason that I get rows of zeros is that I have re-created the timeseries for each pixel. The ft[0, 0] pixel contains the mean of the signal. So the ft[1, 0] corresponds to a sinusoid with one cycle over the entire signal in the rows of the starting image. Here are is the starting image using following code: plt.pcolormesh(signal_time_lon); plt.colorbar(); plt.axis('tight') Here is result using following code: ft = np.fft.rfft2(signal_time_lon) mgft = np.abs(ft) ps = mgft**2 log_ps = np.log1p(mgft) plt.pcolormesh(log_ps); plt.colorbar(); plt.axis('tight') It may not be clear in the image but it is only every second row that contains completely zeros. Every tenth pixel (log_ps[10, 0]) is a high value. The other pixels (log_ps[2, 0], log_ps[4, 0] etc) have very low values.

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