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  • Django database caching

    - by hekevintran
    I have a Django form that uses an integer field to lookup a model object by its primary key. The form has a save() method that uses the model object referred to by the integer field. The model's manager's get() method is called twice, once in the clean method and once in the save() method: class MyForm(forms.Form): id_a = fields.IntegerField() def clean_id_a(user_id): id_a = self.cleaned_data['id_a'] try: # here is the first call to get MyModel.objects.get(id=id_a) except User.DoesNotExist: raise ValidationError('Object does not exist') def save(self): id_a = self.cleaned_data['id_a'] # here is the second call to get my_model_object = MyModel.objects.get(id=id_a) # do other stuff I wasn't sure whether this hits the database two times or one time so I returned the object itself in the clean method so that I could avoid a second get() call. Does calling get() hit the database two times? Or is the object cached in the thread? class MyForm(forms.Form): id_a = fields.IntegerField() def clean_id_a(user_id): id_a = self.cleaned_data['id_a'] try: # here is my workaround return MyModel.objects.get(id=id_a) except User.DoesNotExist: raise ValidationError('Object does not exist') def save(self): # looking up the cleaned value returns the model object my_model_object = self.cleaned_data['id_a'] # do other stuff

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  • Speeding up templates in GAE-Py by aggregating RPC calls

    - by Sudhir Jonathan
    Here's my problem: class City(Model): name = StringProperty() class Author(Model): name = StringProperty() city = ReferenceProperty(City) class Post(Model): author = ReferenceProperty(Author) content = StringProperty() The code isn't important... its this django template: {% for post in posts %} <div>{{post.content}}</div> <div>by {{post.author.name}} from {{post.author.city.name}}</div> {% endfor %} Now lets say I get the first 100 posts using Post.all().fetch(limit=100), and pass this list to the template - what happens? It makes 200 more datastore gets - 100 to get each author, 100 to get each author's city. This is perfectly understandable, actually, since the post only has a reference to the author, and the author only has a reference to the city. The __get__ accessor on the post.author and author.city objects transparently do a get and pull the data back (See this question). Some ways around this are Use Post.author.get_value_for_datastore(post) to collect the author keys (see the link above), and then do a batch get to get them all - the trouble here is that we need to re-construct a template data object... something which needs extra code and maintenance for each model and handler. Write an accessor, say cached_author, that checks memcache for the author first and returns that - the problem here is that post.cached_author is going to be called 100 times, which could probably mean 100 memcache calls. Hold a static key to object map (and refresh it maybe once in five minutes) if the data doesn't have to be very up to date. The cached_author accessor can then just refer to this map. All these ideas need extra code and maintenance, and they're not very transparent. What if we could do @prefetch def render_template(path, data) template.render(path, data) Turns out we can... hooks and Guido's instrumentation module both prove it. If the @prefetch method wraps a template render by capturing which keys are requested we can (atleast to one level of depth) capture which keys are being requested, return mock objects, and do a batch get on them. This could be repeated for all depth levels, till no new keys are being requested. The final render could intercept the gets and return the objects from a map. This would change a total of 200 gets into 3, transparently and without any extra code. Not to mention greatly cut down the need for memcache and help in situations where memcache can't be used. Trouble is I don't know how to do it (yet). Before I start trying, has anyone else done this? Or does anyone want to help? Or do you see a massive flaw in the plan?

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  • Problem bounding name to a class in Django

    - by martinthenext
    Hello! I've got a view function that has to decide which form to use depending on some conditions. The two forms look like that: class OpenExtraForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Extra def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(OpenExtraForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.fields['opening_challenge'].label = "lame translation" def clean_opening_challenge(self): challenge = self.cleaned_data['opening_challenge'] if challenge is None: raise forms.ValidationError('??????? ???, ??????????? ?????? ???. ???????????') return challenge class HiddenExtraForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Extra exclude = ('opening_challenge') def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(HiddenExtraForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) The view code goes like that: @login_required def manage_extra(request, extra_id=None, hidden=False): if not_admin(request.user): raise Http404 if extra_id is None: # Adding a new extra extra = Extra() if hidden: FormClass = HiddenExtraForm else: FormClass = OpenExtraForm else: # Editing an extra extra = get_object_or_404(Extra, pk=extra_id) if extra.is_hidden(): FromClass = HiddenExtraForm else: FormClass = OpenExtraForm if request.POST: form = FormClass(request.POST, instance=extra) if form.is_valid(): form.save() return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse(view_extra, args=[extra.id])) else: form = FormClass(instance=extra) return render_to_response('form.html', { 'form' : form, }, context_instance=RequestContext(request) ) The problem is somehow if extra.is_hidden() returns True, the statement FromClass = HiddenExtraForm doesn't work. I mean, in all other conditions that are used in the code it works fine: the correct Form classes are intantiated and it all works. But if extra.is_hidden(), the debugger shows that the condition is passed and it goes to the next line and does nothing! As a result I get a UnboundLocalVar error which says FormClass hasn't been asssigned at all. Any ideas on what's happening?

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  • Fabric "TypeError: not all arguments converted during string formatting"

    - by Brian Carpio
    I have the following fabric task: @task def deploy_west_ec2_ami(name, puppetClass, size='m1.small', region='us-west-1', basedn='joe', ldap='arch-ldap-01', secret='secret', subnet='subnet-d43b8ab d', sgroup='sg-926578fe'): execute(deploy_ec2_ami, name='%s',puppetClass='%s',size='%s',region='%s',basedn='%s',ldap='%s',secret='%s',subnet='%s',sgroup='%s' %(name, puppetClass , size, region, basedn, ldap, secret, subnet, sgroup)) However when I run the command: fab deploy_west_ec2_ami:test,java I get the following Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/fabric/main.py", line 710, in main *args, **kwargs File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/fabric/tasks.py", line 321, in execute results['<local-only>'] = task.run(*args, **new_kwargs) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/fabric/tasks.py", line 113, in run return self.wrapped(*args, **kwargs) File "/home/bcarpio/Projects/githubenterprise/awsdeploy/fabfile.py", line 35, in deploy_west_ec2_ami execute(deploy_ec2_ami, name='%s',puppetClass='%s',size='%s',region='%s',basedn='%s',ldap='%s',secret='%s',subnet='%s',sgroup='%s' %(name, puppetClass, size, region, basedn, ldap, secret, subnet, sgroup)) TypeError: not all arguments converted during string formatting I am not sure I understand why. I am pretty sure I have all the values defined here just fine. Also when I run the execute task deploy_ec2_ami as so: deploy_ec2_ami:test,java,m1.small,us-west-1,'dc\=test\,dc\=net',ldap-01,secret,subnet-d43b8abd,sg-926578fe It works just fine

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  • How to clone a mercurial repository over an ssh connection initiated by fabric when http authorizati

    - by Monika Sulik
    I'm attempting to use fabric for the first time and I really like it so far, but at a certain point in my deployment script I want to clone a mercurial repository. When I get to that point I get an error: err: abort: http authorization required My repository requires http authorization and fabric doesn't prompt me for the user and password. I can get around this by changing my repository address from: https://hostname/repository to: https://user:password@hostname/repository But for various reasons I would prefer not to go this route. Are there any other ways in which I could bypass this problem?

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  • BeautifulSoup, but for CSS?

    - by MTsoul
    BeautifulSoup parses HTML and offers various ways to manipulate and search within HTML. Is there something similar for CSS? Specifically, I'd like to know if a given HTML text is rendered as bold. Either it has an ancestor that is the <strong> or the <bold> tag (which can be done with BeautifulSoup), or it has an ancestor (or itself) that has CSS attributes with font-weight: bold. Is this possible without resulting to writing my own library?

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  • how to import a.py not a folder

    - by zjm1126
    zjm_code |-----a.py |-----a |----- __init__.py |-----b.py in a.py is : c='ccc' in b.py is : import a print dir(a) when i execute b.py ,it show (it import 'a' folder): ['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__path__'] and when i delete a folder, it show ,(it import a.py): ['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', 'c'] so my question is : how to import a.py via not delete a folder thanks

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  • Huge amount of time sending data with suds and proxy

    - by Roman
    Hi everyone, I have the following code to send data through a proxy using suds: import suds t = suds.transport.http.HttpTransport() proxy = urllib2.ProxyHandler({'http': 'http://192.168.3.217:3128'}) opener = urllib2.build_opener(proxy) t.urlopener = opener ws = suds.client.Client('http://xxxxxxx/web.asmx?WSDL', transport=t) req = ws.factory.create('ActionRequest.request') req.SerialNumber = 'asdf' req.HostName = 'hola' res = ws.service.ActionRequest(req) I don't know why, but it can be sending data above 2 or 3 minutes, or even more and it raises a "Gateway timeout" exception sometimes. If I don't use the proxy, the amount of time used is above 2 seconds or less. Here is the SOAP reply: (ActionResponse){ Id = None Action = "Action.None" Objects = "" } The proxy is running right with other requests through urllib2, or using normal web browsers like firefox. Does anyone have any idea what's happening here with suds? Thanks a lot in advance!!!

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  • Django Grouping Query

    - by Matt
    I have the following (simplified) models: class Donation(models.Model): entry_date = models.DateTimeField() class Category(models.Model): name = models.CharField() class Item(models.Model): donation = models.ForeignKey(Donation) category = models.ForeignKey(Category) I'm trying to display the total number of items, per category, grouped by the donation year. I've tried this: Donation.objects.extra(select={'year': "django_date_trunc('year', %s.entry_date)" % Donation._meta.db_table}).values('year', 'item__category__name').annotate(items=Sum('item__quantity')) But I get a Field Error on item__category__name. I've also tried: Item.objects.extra(select={"year": "django_date_trunc('year', entry_date)"}, tables=["donations_donation"]).values("year", "category__name").annotate(items=Sum("quantity")).order_by() Which generally gets me what I want, but the item quantity count is multiplied by the number of donation records. Any ideas? Basically I want to display this: 2010 - Category 1: 10 items - Category 2: 17 items 2009 - Category 1: 5 items - Category 3: 8 items

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  • TypeError: 'NoneType' object does not support item assignment

    - by R S John
    I am trying to do some mathematical calculation according to the values at particular index of a NumPy array with the following code X = np.arange(9).reshape(3,3) temp = X.copy().fill(5.446361E-01) ind = np.where(X < 4.0) temp[ind] = 0.5*X[ind]**2 - 1.0 ind = np.where(X >= 4.0 and X < 9.0) temp[ind] = (5.699327E-1*(X[ind]-1)**4)/(X[ind]**4) print temp But I am getting the following error Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 7, in <module> temp[ind] = 0.5*X[ind]**2 - 1.0 TypeError: 'NoneType' object does not support item assignment Would you please help me in solving this? Thanks

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  • Getting a specific bit value in a byte string

    - by ignoramus
    There is a byte at a specific index in a byte string which represents eight flags; one flag per bit in the byte. If a flag is set, its corresponding bit is 1, otherwise its 0. For example, if I've got b'\x21' the flags would be 0001 0101 # Three flags are set at indexes 3, 5 and 7 # and the others are not set What would be the best way to get each bit value in that byte, so I know whether a particular flag is set or not? (Preferably using bitwise operations)

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  • Pylons error handling

    - by TJ Huffington
    Hello, I am just getting started with Pylons and am confused as to how to account for exceptions. What is the proper way to error check user input (ensure a correct email address, check that it doesn't yet exist in the database, etc ...)? Should these checks go inside the model classes or somewhere else? Sample code would be great.

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  • Should I use fork or threads?

    - by shadyabhi
    In my script, I have a function foo which basically uses pynotify to notify user about something repeatedly after a time interval say 15 minutes. def foo: while True: """Does something""" time.sleep(900) My main script has to interact with user & does all other things so I just cant call the foo() function. directly. Whats the better way of doing it and why? Using fork or threads?

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  • etree.findall: 'OR'-lookup?

    - by piquadrat
    I want to find all stylesheet definitions in a XHTML file with lxml.etree.findall. This could be as simple as elems = tree.findall('link[@rel="stylesheet"]') + tree.findall('style') But the problem with CSS style definitions is that the order matters, e.g. <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/media/css/first.css" /> <style>body:{font-size: 10px;}</style> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/media/css/second.css" /> if the contents of the style tag is applied after the rules in the two link tags, the result may be completely different from the one where the rules are applied in order of definition. So, how would I do a lookup that inlcudes both link[@rel="stylesheet"] and style?

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  • Django does not load internal .css files

    - by Rubén Jiménez
    I have created a Django project in local which runs without any kind of problem. But, after an annoying and difficult Cherokee + uWSGI installation on Amazon AWS, my project does not show Django .css internal files. http://f.cl.ly/items/2Q2W3I3R0X1n2X3v0q2P/django_error.jpg <-- /Admin/ looks like The image is a screen of my /admin/, which should have a different style, but .css files are not loaded. [pid: 23206|app: 0|req: 19/19] 83.49.10.217 () {56 vars in 1121 bytes} [Sun Apr 15 05:50:24 2012] GET /static/admin/css/base.css = generated 2896 bytes in 6 msecs (HTTP/1.1 404) 1 headers in 51 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 23206|app: 0|req: 20/20] 83.49.10.217 () {56 vars in 1125 bytes} [Sun Apr 15 05:50:24 2012] GET /static/admin/css/login.css = generated 2899 bytes in 5 msecs (HTTP/1.1 404) 1 headers in 51 bytes (1 switches on core 0) This is a log from Cherokee. I don't understand why it is looking for the .css files in that path. Cherokee should be searching the files in Django original directory so i didn't change .css files in my project. Any advice? Thanks a lot.

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  • Django says the "id may not be NULL" but why is it?

    - by Oli
    I'm going crazy today. I just tried to insert a new record and it threw back a "post_blogpost.id may not be NULL" error. Here's my model: class BlogPost(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=100) slug = models.SlugField(max_length=100) who = models.ForeignKey(User, default=1) when = models.DateTimeField() intro = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) content = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) counter = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0) published = models.BooleanField(default=False) css = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) class Meta: ordering = ('-when', 'id') There are a number of functions beneath the model too but I won't include them in full here. Their names are: content_cache_key, clear_cache, __unicode__, reads, read, processed_content. I'm adding through the admin... And I'm running out of hair.

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  • Simple way to create possible case

    - by bugbug
    I have lists of data such as a = [1,2,3,4] b = ["a","b","c","d","e"] c = ["001","002","003"] And I want to create new another list that was mixed from all possible case of a,b,c like this d = ["1a001","1a002","1a003",...,"4e003"] Is there any module or method to generate d without write many for loop?

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  • List available languages for PyGTK UI strings

    - by detly
    I'm cleaning up some localisation and translation settings in our PyGTK application. The app is only intended to be used under GNU/Linux systems. One of the features we want is for users to select the language used for the applications (some prefer their native language, some prefer English for consistency, some like French because it sounds romantic, etc). For this to work, I need to actually show a combo box with the various languages available. How can I get this list? In fact, I need a list of pairs of the language code ("en", "ru", etc) and the language name in the native language ("English (US)", "???????"). If I had to implement a brute force method, I'd do something like: look in the system locale dir (eg. "/usr/share/locale") for all language code dirs (eg. "en/") containing the relative path "LC_MESSAGES/OurAppName.mo". Is there a more programmatic way?

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  • Create a color generator in matplotlib

    - by Brendan
    I have a series of lines that each need to be plotted with a separate colour. Each line is actually made up of several data sets (positive, negative regions etc.) and so I'd like to be able to create a generator that will feed one colour at a time across a spectrum, for example the gist_rainbow map shown here. I have found the following works but it seems very complicated and more importantly difficult to remember, from pylab import * NUM_COLORS = 22 mp = cm.datad['gist_rainbow'] get_color = matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list(mp, colors=['r', 'b'], N=NUM_COLORS) ... # Then in a for loop this_color = get_color(float(i)/NUM_COLORS) Moreover, it does not cover the range of colours in the gist_rainbow map, I have to redefine a map. Maybe a generator is not the best way to do this, if so what is the accepted way?

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  • List Directories and get the name of the Directory

    - by chrissygormley
    Hello, I am trying to get the code to list all the directories in a folder, change directory into that folder and get the name of the current folder. The code I have so far is below and isn't working at the minute. I seem to be getting the parent folder name. import os for directories in os.listdir(os.getcwd()): dir = os.path.join('/home/user/workspace', directories) os.chdir(dir) current = os.path.dirname(dir) new = str(current).split("-")[0] print new I also have other files in the folder but I do not want to list them. I have tried the below code but I haven't got it working yet either. for directories in os.path.isdir(os.listdir(os.getcwd())): Can anyone see where I am going wrong? Thanks

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