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  • strange chi-square result using scikit_learn with feature matrix

    - by user963386
    I am using scikit learn to calculate the basic chi-square statistics(sklearn.feature_selection.chi2(X, y)): def chi_square(feat,target): """ """ from sklearn.feature_selection import chi2 ch,pval = chi2(feat,target) return ch,pval chisq,p = chi_square(feat_mat,target_sc) print(chisq) print("**********************") print(p) I have 1500 samples,45 features,4 classes. The input is a feature matrix with 1500x45 and a target array with 1500 components. The feature matrix is not sparse. When I run the program and I print the arrray "chisq" with 45 components, I can see that the component 13 has a negative value and p = 1. How is it possible? Or what does it mean or what is the big mistake that I am doing? I am attaching the printouts of chisq and p: [ 9.17099260e-01 3.77439701e+00 5.35004211e+01 2.17843312e+03 4.27047184e+04 2.23204883e+01 6.49985540e-01 2.02132664e-01 1.57324454e-03 2.16322638e-01 1.85592258e+00 5.70455805e+00 1.34911126e-02 -1.71834753e+01 1.05112366e+00 3.07383691e-01 5.55694752e-02 7.52801686e-01 9.74807972e-01 9.30619466e-02 4.52669897e-02 1.08348058e-01 9.88146259e-03 2.26292358e-01 5.08579194e-02 4.46232554e-02 1.22740419e-02 6.84545170e-02 6.71339545e-03 1.33252061e-02 1.69296016e-02 3.81318236e-02 4.74945604e-02 1.59313146e-01 9.73037448e-03 9.95771327e-03 6.93777954e-02 3.87738690e-02 1.53693158e-01 9.24603716e-04 1.22473138e-01 2.73347277e-01 1.69060817e-02 1.10868365e-02 8.62029628e+00] ********************** [ 8.21299526e-01 2.86878266e-01 1.43400668e-11 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 5.59436980e-05 8.84899894e-01 9.77244281e-01 9.99983411e-01 9.74912223e-01 6.02841813e-01 1.26903019e-01 9.99584918e-01 1.00000000e+00 7.88884155e-01 9.58633878e-01 9.96573548e-01 8.60719653e-01 8.07347364e-01 9.92656816e-01 9.97473024e-01 9.90817144e-01 9.99739526e-01 9.73237195e-01 9.96995722e-01 9.97526259e-01 9.99639669e-01 9.95333185e-01 9.99853998e-01 9.99592531e-01 9.99417113e-01 9.98042114e-01 9.97286030e-01 9.83873717e-01 9.99745466e-01 9.99736512e-01 9.95239765e-01 9.97992843e-01 9.84693908e-01 9.99992525e-01 9.89010468e-01 9.64960636e-01 9.99418323e-01 9.99690553e-01 3.47893682e-02]

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  • In Django, why is user.is_authenticated a method and not a member variable like is_staff

    - by luc
    Hello all, I've lost some time with a bug in my app due to user authentication. I think that it's a bit confusing but maybe someone can explain the reason and it will appear to me very logical. The user.is_staff is a member variable while user.is_authenticated is a method. However is_authenticated only returns True or False depending if the class is User or AnonymousUser (see http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/auth/) Is there a reason for that? Why user.is_authenticated is a method? Thanks in advance

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  • How can I detect whether an image is a PNG or APNG format?

    - by perlit
    APNG is backwards compatible with PNG. I opened up an apng and png file in a hex editor and the first few bytes look identical. So if a user uploads either of these formats, how do I detect what the format really is? I've seen this done on some sites that block apng. I'm guessing the ImageMagick library makes this easy, but what if I were to do the detect without the use of an image processing library (for learning purposes)? Can I look for specific bytes that tell me if the file is apng? Solutions in any language is welcome.

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  • Django: Determining if a user has voted or not

    - by TheLizardKing
    I have a long list of links that I spit out using the below code, total votes, submitted by, the usual stuff but I am not 100% on how to determine if the currently logged in user has voted on a link or not. I know how to do this from within my view but do I need to alter my below view code or can I make use of the way templates work to determine it? I have read http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1528583/django-vote-up-down-method but I don't quite understand what's going on ( and don't need any ofjavascriptery). Models (snippet): class Link(models.Model): category = models.ForeignKey(Category, blank=False, default=1) user = models.ForeignKey(User) created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) url = models.URLField(max_length=1024, unique=True, verify_exists=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=512) def __unicode__(self): return u'%s (%s)' % (self.name, self.url) class Vote(models.Model): link = models.ForeignKey(Link) user = models.ForeignKey(User) created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) def __unicode__(self): return u'%s vote for %s' % (self.user, self.link) Views (snippet): links = Link.objects.select_related().annotate(votes=Count('vote')).order_by('-created')

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  • how to pass in dynamic data to decorators

    - by steve
    Hi, I am trying to write a base crud controller class that does the following: class BaseCrudController: model = "" field_validation = {} template_dir = "" @expose(self.template_dir) def new(self, *args, **kwargs) .... @validate(self.field_validation, error_handler=new) @expose() def post(self, *args, **kwargs): ... My intent is to have my controllers extend this base class, set the model, field_validation, and template locations, and am ready to go. Unfortunately, decorators (to my understanding), are interpreted when the function is defined. Hence it won't have access to instance's value. Is there a way to pass in dynamic data or values from the sub class? If not, I guess I could use override_template as a workaround to expose and set the template within the controller action. How would I go about validating the form within the controller action? Thanks, Steve

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  • Sqlalchemy complex in_ clause

    - by lostlogic
    I'm trying to find a way to cause sqlalchemy to generate sql of the following form: select * from t where (a,b) in ((a1,b1),(a2,b2)); Is this possible? If not, any suggestions on a way to emulate it? Thanks kindly!

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  • How to replace empty string with zero in comma-separated string?

    - by dsaccount1
    "8,5,,1,4,7,,,,7,,1,9,3,6,,,8,6,3,9,,2,5,4,,,,,3,2,,,7,4,1,1,,4,,6,9,,5,,,,5,,,1,,6,3,,,6,5,,,,7,4,,1,7,6,,,,8,,5,,,7,1,,3,9," I'm doing a programming challenge where i need to parse this sequence into my sudoku script. Need to get the above sequence into 8,5,0,1,4,7,0,0,0,7,0,1,9,3,6,0,0,8......... I tried re but without success, help is appreciated, thanks.

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  • the error "invalid literal for int() with base 10:" keeps coming up

    - by ratce003
    I'm trying to write a very simple program, I want to print out the sum of all the multiples of 3 and 5 below 100, but, an error keeps accuring, saying "invalid literal for int() with base 10:" my program is as follows: sum = "" sum_int = int(sum) for i in range(1, 101): if i % 5 == 0: sum += i elif i % 3 == 0: sum += i else: sum += "" print sum Any help would be much appreciated.

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  • How do I use Django to insert a Geometry Field into the database?

    - by alex
    class LocationLog(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) utm = models.GeometryField(spatial_index=True) This is my database model. I would like to insert a row. I want to insert a circle at point -55, 333. With a radius of 10. How can I put this circle into the geometry field? Of course, then I would want to check which circles overlap a given circle. (my select statement)

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  • How to get bit rotation function to accept any bit size?

    - by calccrypto
    i have these 2 functions i got from some other code def ROR(x, n): mask = (2L**n) - 1 mask_bits = x & mask return (x >> n) | (mask_bits << (32 - n)) def ROL(x, n): return ROR(x, 32 - n) and i wanted to use them in a program, where 16 bit rotations are required. however, there are also other functions that require 32 bit rotations, so i wanted to leave the 32 in the equation, so i got: def ROR(x, n, bits = 32): mask = (2L**n) - 1 mask_bits = x & mask return (x >> n) | (mask_bits << (bits - n)) def ROL(x, n, bits = 32): return ROR(x, bits - n) however, the answers came out wrong when i tested this set out. yet, the values came out correctly when the code is def ROR(x, n): mask = (2L**n) - 1 mask_bits = x & mask return (x >> n) | (mask_bits << (16 - n)) def ROL(x, n,bits): return ROR(x, 16 - n) what is going on and how do i fix this?

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  • I am currently serving my static files in Django. How do I use Apache2 to do this?

    - by alex
    (r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve',{'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT}), As you can see, I have a directory called "media" under my Django project. I would like to delete this line in my urls.py and instead us Apache to serve my static files. What do I do to my Apache configs (which files do I change) in order to do this? By the way, I installed Apache2 like normal: sudo aptitude install apache2

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  • SelfReferenceProperty vs. ListProperty Google App Engine

    - by John
    Hi All, I am experimenting with the Google App Engine and have a question. For the sake of simplicity, let's say my app is modeling a computer network (a fairly large corporate network with 10,000 nodes). I am trying to model my Node class as follows: class Node(db.Model): name = db.StringProperty() neighbors = db.SelfReferenceProperty() Let's suppose, for a minute, that I cannot use a ListProperty(). Based on my experiments to date, I can assign only a single entity to 'neighbors' - and I cannot use the "virtual" collection (node_set) to access the list of Node neighbors. So... my questions are: Does SelfReferenceProperty limit you to a single entity that you can reference? If I instead use a ListProperty, I believe I am limited to 5,000 keys, which I need to exceed. Thoughts? Thanks, John

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  • initialize a numpy array

    - by Curious2learn
    Is there way to initialize a numpy array of a shape and add to it? I will explain what I need with a list example. If I want to create a list of objects generated in a loop, I can do: a = [] for i in range(5): a.append(i) I want to do something similar with a numpy array. I know about vstack, concatenate etc. However, it seems these require two numpy arrays as inputs. What I need is: big_array # Initially empty. This is where I don't know what to specify for i in range(5): array i of shape = (2,4) created. add to big_array The big_array should have a shape (10,4). How to do this? Thanks for your help.

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  • Django: Summing values

    - by Anry
    I have a two Model - Project and Cost. class Project(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=150) url = models.URLField() manager = models.ForeignKey(User) class Cost(models.Model): project = models.ForeignKey(Project) cost = models.FloatField() date = models.DateField() I must return the sum of costs for each project. view.py: from mypm.costs.models import Project, Cost from django.shortcuts import render_to_response from django.db.models import Avg, Sum def index(request): #... return render_to_response('index.html',... How?

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  • Django and json request

    - by Hulk
    In a template i have the following code <script> var url="/mypjt/my_timer" $.post(url, paramarr, function callbackHandler(dict) { alert('got response back'); if (dict.flag == 2) { alert('1'); $.jGrowl("Data could not be saved"); } else if(dict.ret_status == 1) { alert('2'); $.jGrowl("Data saved successfully"); window.location = "/mypjt/display/" + dict.rid; } }, "json" ); </script> In views i have the following code, def my_timer(request): dict={} try: a= timer.objects.get(pk=1) dict({'flag':1}) return HttpResponse(simplejson.dumps(dict), mimetype='application/javascript') except: dict({'flag':1}) return HttpResponse(simplejson.dumps(dict), mimetype='application/javascript') My question is since we are making a json request and in the try block ,after setting the flag ,cant we return a page directly as return render_to_response('mypjt/display.html',context_instance=RequestContext(request,{'dict': dict})) instead of sending the response, because on success again in the html page we redirect the code Also if there is a exception then only can we return the json request. My only concern is that the interaction between client and server should be minimal. Thanks..

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  • SQLAlchemy - SQLite for testing and Postgresql for devlopment - How to port?

    - by StackUnderflow
    I want to use sqlite memory database for all my testing and Postgresql for my development/production server. But the SQL syntax is not same in both dbs. for ex: SQLite has autoincrement, and Postgresql has serial Is it easy to port the SQL script from sqlite to postgresql... what are your solutions? If you want me to use standard SQL, how should I go about generating primary key in both the databases?

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  • Find subset with K elements that are closest to eachother

    - by Nima
    Given an array of integers size N, how can you efficiently find a subset of size K with elements that are closest to each other? Let the closeness for a subset (x1,x2,x3,..xk) be defined as: 2 <= N <= 10^5 2 <= K <= N constraints: Array may contain duplicates and is not guaranteed to be sorted. My brute force solution is very slow for large N, and it doesn't check if there's more than 1 solution: N = input() K = input() assert 2 <= N <= 10**5 assert 2 <= K <= N a = [] for i in xrange(0, N): a.append(input()) a.sort() minimum = sys.maxint startindex = 0 for i in xrange(0,N-K+1): last = i + K tmp = 0 for j in xrange(i, last): for l in xrange(j+1, last): tmp += abs(a[j]-a[l]) if(tmp > minimum): break if(tmp < minimum): minimum = tmp startindex = i #end index = startindex + K? Examples: N = 7 K = 3 array = [10,100,300,200,1000,20,30] result = [10,20,30] N = 10 K = 4 array = [1,2,3,4,10,20,30,40,100,200] result = [1,2,3,4]

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  • Project design / FS layout for large django projects

    - by rcreswick
    What is the best way to layout a large django project? The tutuorials provide simple instructions for setting up apps, models, and views, but there is less information about how apps and projects should be broken down, how much sharing is allowable/necessary between apps in a typical project (obviously that is largely dependent on the project) and how/where general templates should be kept. Does anyone have examples, suggestions, and explanations as to why a certain project layout is better than another? I am particularly interested in the incorporation of large numbers of unit tests (2-5x the size of the actual code base) and string externalization / templates.

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  • Is using os.path.abspath to validate an untrusted filename's location secure?

    - by mcmt
    I don't think I'm missing anything. Then again I'm kind of a newbie. def GET(self, filename): name = urllib.unquote(filename) full = path.abspath(path.join(STATIC_PATH, filename)) #Make sure request is not tricksy and tries to get out of #the directory, e.g. filename = "../.ssh/id_rsa". GET OUTTA HERE assert full[:len(STATIC_PATH)] == STATIC_PATH, "bad path" return open(full).read() Edit: I realize this will return the wrong HTTP error code if the file doesn't exist (at least under web.py). I will fix this.

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  • Why wont numpy matrix let me print its rows?

    - by uberjumper
    Okay this is probably a really dumb question, however its really starting to hurt. I have a numpy matrix, and basically i print it out row by row. However i want to make each row be formatted and separated properly. >>> arr = numpy.matrix([[x for x in range(5)] for y in range(5)]) >>> arr matrix([[0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]]) Lets say i want to print the first row, and add a '|' between each element: >>> '|'.join(map(str, arr[0,])) '[[0 1 2 3 4]]' Err... >>> '|'.join(map(lambda x: str(x[0]), arr[0])) '[[0 1 2 3 4]]' I am really confused by this behavior why does it do this?

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