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  • How am i overriding this C++ inherited member function without the virtual keyword being used?

    - by Gary Willoughby
    I have a small program to demonstrate simple inheritance. I am defining a Dog class which is derived from Mammal. Both classes share a simple member function called ToString(). How is Dog overriding the implementation in the Mammal class, when i'm not using the virtual keyword? (Do i even need to use the virtual keyword to override member functions?) mammal.h #ifndef MAMMAL_H_INCLUDED #define MAMMAL_H_INCLUDED #include <string> class Mammal { public: std::string ToString(); }; #endif // MAMMAL_H_INCLUDED mammal.cpp #include <string> #include "mammal.h" std::string Mammal::ToString() { return "I am a Mammal!"; } dog.h #ifndef DOG_H_INCLUDED #define DOG_H_INCLUDED #include <string> #include "mammal.h" class Dog : public Mammal { public: std::string ToString(); }; #endif // DOG_H_INCLUDED dog.cpp #include <string> #include "dog.h" std::string Dog::ToString() { return "I am a Dog!"; } main.cpp #include <iostream> #include "dog.h" using namespace std; int main() { Dog d; std::cout << d.ToString() << std::endl; return 0; } output I am a Dog! I'm using MingW on Windows via Code::Blocks.

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  • What is the Fastest Way to Check for a Keyword in a List of Keywords in Delphi?

    - by lkessler
    I have a small list of keywords. What I'd really like to do is akin to: case MyKeyword of 'CHIL': (code for CHIL); 'HUSB': (code for HUSB); 'WIFE': (code for WIFE); 'SEX': (code for SEX); else (code for everything else); end; Unfortunately the CASE statement can't be used like that for strings. I could use the straight IF THEN ELSE IF construct, e.g.: if MyKeyword = 'CHIL' then (code for CHIL) else if MyKeyword = 'HUSB' then (code for HUSB) else if MyKeyword = 'WIFE' then (code for WIFE) else if MyKeyword = 'SEX' then (code for SEX) else (code for everything else); but I've heard this is relatively inefficient. What I had been doing instead is: P := pos(' ' + MyKeyword + ' ', ' CHIL HUSB WIFE SEX '); case P of 1: (code for CHIL); 6: (code for HUSB); 11: (code for WIFE); 17: (code for SEX); else (code for everything else); end; This, of course is not the best programming style, but it works fine for me and up to now didn't make a difference. So what is the best way to rewrite this in Delphi so that it is both simple, understandable but also fast? (For reference, I am using Delphi 2009 with Unicode strings.) Followup: Toby recommended I simply use the If Then Else construct. Looking back at my examples that used a CASE statement, I can see how that is a viable answer. Unfortunately, my inclusion of the CASE inadvertently hid my real question. I actually don't care which keyword it is. That is just a bonus if the particular method can identify it like the POS method can. What I need is to know whether or not the keyword is in the set of keywords. So really I want to know if there is anything better than: if pos(' ' + MyKeyword + ' ', ' CHIL HUSB WIFE SEX ') > 0 then The If Then Else equivalent does not seem better in this case being: if (MyKeyword = 'CHIL') or (MyKeyword = 'HUSB') or (MyKeyword = 'WIFE') or (MyKeyword = 'SEX') then In Barry's comment to Kornel's question, he mentions the TDictionary Generic. I've not yet picked up on the new Generic collections and it looks like I should delve into them. My question here would be whether they are built for efficiency and how would using TDictionary compare in looks and in speed to the above two lines? In later profiling, I have found that the concatenation of strings as in: (' ' + MyKeyword + ' ') is VERY expensive time-wise and should be avoided whenever possible. Almost any other solution is better than doing this.

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  • What is the best practice of using return keyword?

    - by Artic
    What is the best practice of using return keyword? If i need to return something from method which pattern is better to use? public boolean method(){ if (case1){ return true; } if (case 2){ return false; } return false; } or public boolean method(){ boolean result = false; if (case1){ result = true; } if (case 2){ result = false; } return result; }

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  • Is it a Good Practice to Add two Conditions when using a JOIN keyword?

    - by Raúl Roa
    I'd like to know if having to conditionals when using a JOIN keyword is a good practice. I'm trying to filter this resultset by date but I'm unable to get all the branches listed even if there's no expense or income for a date using a WHERE clause. Is there a better way of doing this, if so how? SELECT Branches.Name ,SUM(Expenses.Amount) AS Expenses ,SUM(Incomes.Amount) AS Incomes FROM Branches LEFT JOIN Expenses ON Branches.Id = Expenses.BranchId AND Expenses.Date = '3/11/2010' LEFT JOIN Incomes ON Branches.Id = Incomes.BranchId AND Incomes.Date = '3/11/2010' GROUP BY Branches.Name

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  • Should the argument be passed by reference in this .net example?

    - by Hamish Grubijan
    I have used Java, C++, .Net. (in that order). When asked about by-value vs. by-ref on interviews, I have always done well on that question ... perhaps because nobody went in-depth on it. Now I know that I do not see the whole picture. I was looking at this section of code written by someone else: XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); AppendX(doc); // Real name of the function is different AppendY(doc); // ditto When I saw this code, I thought: wait a minute, should not I use a ref in front of doc variable (and modify AppendX/Y accordingly? it works as written, but made me question whether I actually understand the ref keyword in C#. As I thought about this more, I recalled early Java days (college intro language). A friend of mine looked at some code I have written and he had a mental block - he kept asking me which things are passed in by reference and when by value. My ignorant response was something like: Dude, there is only one kind of arg passing in Java and I forgot which one it is :). Chill, do not over-think and just code. Java still does not have a ref does it? Yet, Java hackers seem to be productive. Anyhow, coding in C++ exposed me to this whole by reference business, and now I am confused. Should ref be used in the example above? I am guessing that when ref is applied to value types: primitives, enums, structures (is there anything else in this list?) it makes a big difference. And ... when applied to objects it does not because it is all by reference. If things were so simple, then why would not the compiler restrict the usage of ref keyword to a subset of types. When it comes to objects, does ref serve as a comment sort of? Well, I do remember that there can be problems with null and ref is also useful for initializing multiple elements within a method (since you cannot return multiple things with the same easy as you would do in Python). Thanks.

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  • Django. Invalid keyword argument for this function. ManyToMany

    - by sagem_tetra
    I have this error: 'people' is an invalid keyword argument for this function class Passage(models.Model): name= models.CharField(max_length = 255) who = models.ForeignKey(UserProfil) class UserPassage(models.Model): passage = models.ForeignKey(Passage) people = models.ManyToManyField(UserProfil, null=True) class UserProfil(models.Model): user = models.OneToOneField(User) name = models.CharField(max_length=50) I try: def join(request): user = request.user user_profil = UserProfil.objects.get(user=user) passage = Passage.objects.get(id=2) #line with error up = UserPassage.objects.create(people= user_profil, passage=passage) return render_to_response('thanks.html') How to do correctly? Thanks!

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  • How do i use the top keyword in an insert statement?

    - by acidzombie24
    I was using it as LIMIT when i got the exception Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'TOP'. Maybe i can omit it in this case without problem? but if i couldnt where do i put top? INSERT INTO [user_data] (...) SELECT ... @14 WHERE not exists (SELECT * FROM [user_data] WHERE [email] = @15 OR [name] = @16 OR [unconfirmed_email] = @17 TOP 1);

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  • Ajax post not posting email address ?

    - by jeitjet
    UPDATE: It will not work in Firefox, but will work on any other browser. I even tried loading Firefox in safe mode (disabling all plugins, etc.) and still no worky. :( I'm trying to do an AJAX post (on form submission) to a separate PHP file, which works fine without trying to send an email address through the post. I'm fairly new to AJAX and pretty familiar with PHP. Here's my form and ajax call <form class="form" method="POST" name="settingsNotificationsForm"> <div class="clearfix"> <label>Email <em>*</em><small>A valid email address</small></label><input type="email" required="required" name="email" id="email" /> </div> <div class="clearfix"> <label>Email Notification<small>...when a new subscriber joins</small></label><input type="checkbox" name="subscribe_notifications" id="subscribe_notifications"> Receive an email notification with phone number when someone new subscribes to 'BIZDEMO' </div> <div class="clearfix"> <label>Email Notification<small>...when a subscriber cancels</small></label><input type="checkbox" name="unsubscribe_notifications" id="unsubscribe_notifications"> Receive an email notification with phone number when someone new unsubscribes to 'BIZDEMO' </div> <div class="action clearfix top-margin"> <button class="button button-gray" type="submit" id="notifications_submit"><span class="accept"></span>Save</button> </div> </form> and AJAX call: <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function () { $("#notifications_submit").click(function() { var keyword_value = '<?php echo $keyword; ?>'; var email_address = $("input#email").val(); var subscribe_notifications_value = $("input#subscribe_notifications").attr('checked'); var unsubscribe_notifications_value = $("input#unsubscribe_notifications").attr('checked'); var data_values = { keyword : keyword_value, email : email_address, subscribe_notifications : subscribe_notifications_value, unsubscribe_notifications : unsubscribe_notifications_value }; $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "../includes/ajax/update_settings.php", data: data_values, success: alert('Settings updated successfully!'), }); }); }); and receiving page: <?php include_once ("../db/db_connect.php"); $keyword = FILTER_INPUT(INPUT_POST, 'keyword' ,FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING); $email = FILTER_INPUT(INPUT_POST, 'email' ,FILTER_SANITIZE_EMAIL); $subscribe_notifications = FILTER_INPUT(INPUT_POST, 'subscribe_notifications' ,FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING); $unsubscribe_notifications = FILTER_INPUT(INPUT_POST, 'unsubscribe_notifications' ,FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING); $table = 'keyword_options'; $data_values = array('email' => $email, 'sub_notify' => $subscribe_notifications, 'unsub_notify' => $unsubscribe_notifications); foreach ($data_values as $name=>$value) { // See if keyword is already in database table $filter = array('keyword' => $keyword); $result = $db->find($table, $filter); if (count($result) > 0 && $new != true) { $where = array('keyword' => $keyword, 'keyword_meta' => $name); $data = array('keyword_value' => $value); $db->update($table, $where, $data); } else { $data = array('keyword' => $keyword, 'keyword_meta' => $name, 'keyword_value' => $value); $db->create($table, $data); $new = true; // If this is a new record, always go to else statement } } unset($value); Here are some weird things that happen: When I only enter text into the email field, (i.e. - abc), it works fine, posts correctly, etc. When I enter a bogus email address with the "." before the "@", it works fine When I enter a validated email address (with the "." after the "@"), the post fails. Ideas?

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  • How to pass the 'argument-line' of one PowerShell function to another?

    - by jwfearn
    I'm trying to write some PowerShell functions that do some stuff and then transparently call through to existing built-in function. I want to pass along all the arguments untouched. I don't want to have to know any details of the arguments. I tired using 'splat' to do this with @args but that didn't work as I expected. In the example below, I've written a toy function called myls which supposed to print hello! and then call the same built-in function, Get-ChildItem, that the built-in alias ls calls with the rest of the argument line intact. What I have so far works pretty well: function myls { Write-Output "hello!" Invoke-Expression("Get-ChildItem "+$MyInvocation.UnboundArguments -join " ") } A correct version of myls should be able to handle being called with no arguments, with one argument, with named arguments, from a line containing multiple semi-colon delimited commands, and with variables in the arguments including string variables containing spaces. The tests below compare myls and the builtin ls: [NOTE: output elided and/or compacted to save space] PS> md C:\p\d\x, C:\p\d\y, C:\p\d\"jay z" PS> cd C:\p\d PS> ls # no args PS> myls # pass PS> cd .. PS> ls d # one arg PS> myls d # pass PS> $a="A"; $z="Z"; $y="y"; $jz="jay z" PS> $a; ls d; $z # multiple statements PS> $a; myls d; $z # pass PS> $a; ls d -Exclude x; $z # named args PS> $a; myls d -Exclude x; $z # pass PS> $a; ls d -Exclude $y; $z # variables in arg-line PS> $a; myls d -Exclude $y; $z # pass PS> $a; ls d -Exclude $jz; $z # variables containing spaces in arg-line PS> $a; myls d -Exclude $jz; $z # FAIL! Is there a way I can re-write myls to get the behavior I want?

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  • Is it a bad practice to pass "this" as an argument?

    - by Anna Lear
    I'm currently tempted to write the following: public class Class1() { public Class1() { MyProperty = new Class2(this); } public Class2 MyProperty { get; private set; } } public class Class2() { public Class2(Class1 class1) { ParentClass1 = class1; } public Class1 ParentClass1 { get; set; } } Is passing "this" as an argument a sign of a design problem? What would be a better approach?

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  • What does the * symbol do near a function argument and how to use that in others scenarios?

    - by user502052
    I am using Ruby on Rails 3 and I would like to know what means the presence of a *simbol near a function argument and to understand its usages in others scenarios. Example scenario (this method was from the Ruby on Rails 3 framework: def find(*args) return to_a.find { |*block_args| yield(*block_args) } if block_given? options = args.extract_options! if options.present? apply_finder_options(options).find(*args) else case args.first when :first, :last, :all send(args.first) else find_with_ids(*args) end end end

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  • How to pass an associative array as argument to a function in Bash?

    - by niksfirefly
    How do you pass an associative array as an argument to a function? Is this possible in Bash? The code below is not working as expected: function iterateArray { local ADATA="${@}" # associative array for key in "${!ADATA[@]}" do echo "key - ${key}" echo "value: ${ADATA[$key]}" done } Passing associative arrays to a function like normal arrays does not work: iterateArray "$A_DATA" or iterateArray "$A_DATA[@]"

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  • Extend argparse to write set names in the help text for optional argument choices and define those sets once at the end

    - by Kent
    Example of the problem If I have a list of valid option strings which is shared between several arguments, the list is written in multiple places in the help string. Making it harder to read: def main(): elements = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'] parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument( '-i', nargs='*', choices=elements, default=elements, help='Space separated list of case sensitive element names.') parser.add_argument( '-e', nargs='*', choices=elements, default=[], help='Space separated list of case sensitive element names to ' 'exclude from processing') parser.parse_args() When running the above function with the command line argument --help it shows: usage: arguments.py [-h] [-i [{a,b,c,d,e,f} [{a,b,c,d,e,f} ...]]] [-e [{a,b,c,d,e,f} [{a,b,c,d,e,f} ...]]] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -i [{a,b,c,d,e,f} [{a,b,c,d,e,f} ...]] Space separated list of case sensitive element names. -e [{a,b,c,d,e,f} [{a,b,c,d,e,f} ...]] Space separated list of case sensitive element names to exclude from processing What would be nice It would be nice if one could define an option list name, and in the help output write the option list name in multiple places and define it last of all. In theory it would work like this: def main_optionlist(): elements = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'] # Two instances of OptionList are equal if and only if they # have the same name (ALFA in this case) ol = OptionList('ALFA', elements) parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument( '-i', nargs='*', choices=ol, default=ol, help='Space separated list of case sensitive element names.') parser.add_argument( '-e', nargs='*', choices=ol, default=[], help='Space separated list of case sensitive element names to ' 'exclude from processing') parser.parse_args() And when running the above function with the command line argument --help it would show something similar to: usage: arguments.py [-h] [-i [ALFA [ALFA ...]]] [-e [ALFA [ALFA ...]]] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -i [ALFA [ALFA ...]] Space separated list of case sensitive element names. -e [ALFA [ALFA ...]] Space separated list of case sensitive element names to exclude from processing sets in optional arguments: ALFA {a,b,c,d,e,f} Question I need to: Replace the {'l', 'i', 's', 't', 's'} shown with the option name, in the optional arguments. At the end of the help text show a section explaining which elements each option name consists of. So I ask: Is this possible using argparse? Which classes would I have to inherit from and which methods would I need to override? I have tried looking at the source for argparse, but as this modification feels pretty advanced I don´t know how to get going.

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  • How to display after 4 week date from now?I want to pass an argument.

    - by vinothkumar
    echo date( "F jS, Y" , strtotime("now +3 weeks") ); It gives the result as July 2nd, 2010 . Fine.Now I want to pass the argument like this. The original print_r($originalamount) give the result like this Array ( [0] = 4 Months [1] = 3500 ) My code $text=trim($originalamount[0]); $text1="now +".$text; echo date( "F jS, Y" , strtotime($text1)) ; The out put come like this December 31st, 1969 I dont know why?

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