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  • Laptop drains of quickly with battery

    - by Shyam
    I am a user since years in ubuntu and I have not come across this problem with ubuntu till date. My battery drains off immediately after I unplug my AC power. The options I tried: 1) checked the battery state with : cat /proc/acpi/battery/BAT0/state present: yes capacity state: ok charging state: charged present rate: 0 mA remaining capacity: 392 mAh present voltage: 12476 mV Initially it was showing charging state: charging after 5mins it started displaying as charged. ! Based on that if I remove my AC Power it shows low battery notification. 2) When I run acpi : acpi -b Battery 0: Unknown, 9% The battery state shows as unknown. But initially when we plug-in to AC adapter acpi -b Battery 0: Charging, 9%, 13:04:00 until charged 3) When the check the same with : upower -i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/battery_BAT0 native-path: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/device:00/PNP0A08:00/device:02/PNP0C09:00/PNP0C0A:00/power_supply/BAT0 vendor: HP power supply: yes updated: Thu Nov 1 16:06:40 2012 (20 seconds ago) has history: yes has statistics: yes battery present: yes rechargeable: yes state: charging energy: 4.2336 Wh energy-empty: 0 Wh energy-full: 33.1128 Wh energy-full-design: 33.1128 Wh energy-rate: 5.6052 W voltage: 12.474 V time to full: 5.2 hours percentage: 12.7854% capacity: 100% technology: lithium-ion Is the power stats output, It says 5hrs to charge completely, If I charge it even more than 5hrs and unplug the AC power, It again cribs stating LOW BATTERY !! The same thing does not happen with Windows7. Any suggestions/ help will be greatly appreciated.

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  • Partner Webcast – Oracle Exadata X3 Database In-Memory Machine - Next-Generation Technologies Update - 20 Dec 2012

    - by Thanos
    Oracle’s next-generation database machine, Oracle Exadata X3, combines massive memory and low-cost disks to deliver even faster performance and greater storage capabilities at the lowest cost, making it the ideal database platform for the varied and unpredictable workloads of cloud computing. Oracle Exadata is available in multiple configurations including a low-cost eighth-rack configuration, so you can start small and grow at your own pace. We have also introduced new migration services designed to streamline implementation thereby saving you time and money. If your IT department is expected to deliver business value—or even drive business growth—then you’ll want to join us for a live Webcast discussing how the new Oracle Exadata X3 can help you transform data management.  Agenda: Oracle Exadata Evolution Oracle Exadata X3 Database In-Memory Machine Hardware Update Software Update Exadata Unique Next Generation Technologies Getting on board Oracle Exadata Q&A Delivery Format This FREE online LIVE eSeminar will be delivered over the Web. Registrations received less than 24hours prior to start time may not receive confirmation to attend. Thursday, December 20th, 10am CET (9am GMT) Duration: 1 hour Register Now! For any questions please contact us at [email protected] Visit our ISV Migration Center blog Or Follow us @oracleimc to learn more on Oracle Technologies, upcoming partner webcasts and events. Existing content available YouTube - SlideShare - Oracle Mix.

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  • How to handle wildly varying rendering hardware / getting baseline

    - by edA-qa mort-ora-y
    I've recently started with mobile programming (cross-platform, also with desktop) and am encountering wildly differing hardware performance, in particular with OpenGL and the GPU. I know I'll basically have to adjust my rendering code but I'm uncertain of how to detect performance and what reasonable default settings are. I notice that certain shader functions are basically free in a desktop implemenation but can be unusable in a mobile device. The problem is I have no way of knowing what features will cause what performance issues on all the devices. So my first issue is that even if I allow configuring options I'm uncertain of which options I have to make configurable. I'm wondering also wheher one just writes one very configurable pipeline, or whether I should have 2 distinct options (high/low). I'm also unsure of where to set the default. If I set to the poorest performer the graphics will be so minimal that any user with a modern device would dismiss the game. If I set them even at some moderate point, the low end devices will basically become a slide-show. I was thinking perhaps that I just run some benchmarks when the user first installs and randomly guess what works, but I've not see a game do this before.

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  • Ubuntu 13.10 - Black screen after login session

    - by AlexKibo88
    Yesterday, the system asked me if I wanted to upgrade to 13.10 from 13.04. Since that was the first time for me, I decided to proceed and ran the installation without worrying about it. After the system completed the upgrade, my PC was rebooted and the new version of Ubuntu signalled that the desktop would have run in low graphigs mode due to a graphical driver problem. I couldn't manage to fix the issue, so I continued with the low graphics mode... but nothing showed up. I wasn't even able to access one of the TTYs. So I ended up rebooting the system and accessing the recovery mode. I uninstalled all my ATI graphics drivers along with xorg-server and fglrx. After rebooting, I was able to access the login session of Ubuntu, but after confirming my credentials, the desktop wouldn't show up, but instead a black screen appeared with the following message: System program problem detected I couldn't figure out the problem and tried to restore/re-install all the graphics elements I knew. but nothing worked. The screen still remains black and won't show the icons nor the Unity bar. What would you advise me to do? Should I try launching a fresh install of the OS from the live CD? Thank you.

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  • Direct IO enhancements in OVM Server for SPARC 2.2(a.k.a LDoms2.2)

    - by user12611315
    The Direct I/O feature has been available for LDoms customers since LDoms2.0. Apart from the latest SR-IOV feature in LDoms2.2, it is worth noting a few enhancements to the Direct I/O feature. These are: Support for Metis-Q and Metis-E cards. These cards are highly requested for support and are worth mentioning because they are the only combo cards containing both FibreChannel and Ethernet in the same card. With this support, a customer can have both SAN storage and network access with just one card and one PCIe slot assigned to a logical domain. This reduces cost and helps when there are less number of slots in a given platform. The following are the part numbers for these cards. I have tried to put the platforms on which each card is supported, but this information can get quickly outdated. The accurate information can be found at the Support Document.  Card Name  Part Number  Platforms Metis-Q: StorageTek Dual 8Gb Fibre Channel Dual GbE ExpressModule HBA, QLogic SG-XPCIEFCGBE-Q8-N  SPARC T3-4, T4-4 Metis-E: StorageTek Dual 8Gb Fibre Chanel Dual GbE ExpressModule HBA, Emulex SG-XPCIEFCGBE-E8-N SPARC T3-4, T4-4  Additional cards added to the portfolio of supported cards. This is mainly Powerville based Ethernet cards, the part numbers for these cards as below:  Part Number  Description  7100477 Sun Quad Port GbE PCI Express 2.0 Low Profile Adapter, UTP  7100481 Sun Dual Port GbE PCI Express 2.0 Low Profile Adapter, MMF  7100483 Sun Quad Port GbE PCI Express 2.0 ExpressModule, UTP  7110486 Sun Quad Port GbE PCI Express 2.0 ExpressModule, MMF    Note:  Direct IO feature has a hard dependency on the Root domain(PCIe bus owner, here Primary domain). That is, rebooting the Root domain for any reason may impact the logical domains having PCIe slots assigned with Direct IO feature. So rebooting a root domain need to be carefully managed. Also apply the failure-policy settings as described in the admin guide and release notes to deal with unexpected cases.

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  • How should I determine my rates for writing custom software?

    - by Carson Myers
    For a custom software that will likely take a year or more to develop, how would I go about determining what to charge as a consultant? I'm having a hard time coming up with a number, and searches online are providing vastly different numbers (between $55/hr and $300/hr). I don't want to shoot too low because it's going to take me so much time (and I'm deferring my education for this project). I also don't want to shoot too high and get unpleasant looks and demand for justification. FWIW I live in Canada, and have approx. 10 years of development experience. I've read the "take your salary and divide it by 1000" rule of thumb, but the thing is I don't have a salary. Currently I'm just doing fairly small programming tasks for a friend who is starting a marketing company, pricing each task fairly arbitrarily. I don't know what I would make over the course of a year doing it, but it would be incredibly low. My responsibilities for the project would be the architecture, programming, database, server, and UX to some degree. It's going to be a public facing web service so I will also need to put a lot of effort into security and scalability. Any advice or experience?

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  • What do you do to make sure you take proper/enough breaks, while avoiding unwanted side-effects of break taking?

    - by blueberryfields
    preamble It seems to me that computer programmers are one of a select few groups of people who actually take pleasure from sitting in front of computers for long periods of time. Most people in other professions actively dislike their time at computers, and do their best to avoid it (so, I assume, they don't have problems taking breaks). At least for me, having external cues for taking breaks, and clear instructions on what to do with each break (stretch, go for a walk, close my eyes, look into a distance of preferably a few km and focus on faraway objects, etc...), is a must. So far, I've just been making up the breaks and tools to get them as I go along, based on what looks to be low-specificity information found on the net (generic stuff ala ergonomics advice for office staff). This has led to all sorts of side effects - loss of attention as I get distracted if I walk around, breaks in flow with alarm clocks interrupting my thoughts, and people around me assuming I'm low on work due to the frequency of my walking around compared to everyone else. /preamble tl;dr Taking breaks is important My internal break taking system doesn't work, and ad-hoc ones have unwanted side effects What do you do to make sure you take proper breaks? How do you avoid unwanted side-effects, such as getting distracted or interrupting flow or giving your co-workers the impression you're spending a lot of time goofing off?

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  • Good practice or service for monitoring unhandled application errors for a small organization

    - by palto
    I'm working with multiple software with varying ways of monitoring for errors. When I make software, I usually send email with the stack trace to admins(usually me). Some customer software is monitored by a team who check that a particular batch run was successfull. Other software might not have any monitoring at all(someone will call when things go wrong horribly). Sending emails is good, except when things start going wrong, my mail gets filled fast. Also I don't want to solve the same problem in code for every software. Is there some relatively cheap and low maintenance software or practice to handle this. I want it to be cheap/low maintenance because usually I work alone or in teams of 5 or smaller. For example it would be great if errors would be aggregated so I don't get 10 000 emails when something unexpected happens... For clarification: By unhandled errors I mean Exceptions that were unhandled by application code that were propagated to Tomcat or Jboss. I don't need help with how to catch those errors. I need help with what to do with them. Is there any cloud application that I could send my errors to? Or some simple server to install? Or some library that can handle errors using configuration files. I use Java if that is any help.

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  • Changing website Url - Am I making an SEO mistake

    - by Denis
    I have a webiste with a .com domain that is a year old. The business is a shop based in Ireland and I have purchased a .ie domain. I plan to move the website over to the new domain, SEO Good or Bad idea? Old Url - SmythsOfTerenure.com | New Url - SmythsComputerRepair.ie (I am using Fake names and fictional business in the example Url's) The new domain has my main keyword in it. The old domain has my family name and business location (city district) It currently ranks high for lots of relevant keywords in Google with low traffic and low competition. Current website traffic is about 80 session per week. 80% of that traffic is Organic from Google. I am changing domain in an attempt to help SEO long term by having a CC TLD (.ie rather than .com) and having my main Keyword in the domain. I plan to do 301 re-directs from old to new and update GW Tools and G Analytics but am I making a mistake changing it at all as I know rankings may fall in the sort term. Homepage PR=0 and very few inbound links. Should I just leave it on the old domain? Or after a few months should I be back up ranking as well as I am now?

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  • Please help me decide if I should I change jobs [closed]

    - by KindaNewbie
    About me: I am very entrepreneurial and believe I would do well working solo as a consultant and possibly hiring help. I do want to do that at some point. I love to learn and a good challenge. Please help me make this decision! Current job (I am there for about 4 years): Pros: secure job good pay (I guess I am 80 percentile for my level/geographical area) large corporation - main business is not software excellent health insurance for low cost to me, pension, 401k matching, 6 weeks paid time off per year small dev team use of latest technologies (mostly WPF/silverlight) low supervision (I can do personal things all the time) I get to do a lot of moonlighting and my goal was to go solo full-time in a year or so. Cons: small team of non-professional devs 50% of my time I do things I don't enjoy projects are not meaningful to the organization If I left it wouldn't be too hard for them - business would resume as usual. Nobody besides my small team of 3 has any idea about software development whatsoever. Prospect job: Pros: small/agile software company same salary as current job same size dev team but all are very sharp (I would probably be the weakest of the team in the beginning) technology used is outside my comfort zone (latest cool web technolgies such as html5/jquery/...) - I am not a web dev and they know that. ton of learning opportunity Start-up - possibility of stock option/partial ownership of some sort Cons: Small office space - not able to do personal things as often (may be pro) No room for moonlighting less benefits (but salary can compensate for that)

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  • HP Pavilion 15 with AMD dual graphics - Ubuntu live environment not starting

    - by creepus
    I've had this laptop for about a day now and have decided to try Ubuntu on it and determine if I want to install it. I created a USB, it booted (Secure Boot was on, I tried with Secure Boot off to no effect), and then the problem occurred. The screen turned off for a second, turned back on to a black screen, shut off again and turned back on with a dialogue box telling me that the system had to use low-graphics mode. I clicked OK, selected low-graphics mode from the menu and clicked OK. The screen switched to the boot messages and did not go any further than this. Ctrl+Alt+DEL started rebooting the laptop though. I tried booting again, but this time I edited the boot options in GRUB to add nomodeset. This time, the laptop only booted to a black screen. Ctrl+Alt+F2 took me to a prompt, I tried startx from there, but X didn't start, complaining that it wanted kernel mode setting back. I can not seem to find any option to disable one graphics chip or the other in the UEFI setup menus. Laptop : HP Pavilion 15-E004AU. The CPU : AMD A6-4400M APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics The graphics chip : AMD Radeon HD 7520G + 8670M Dual Graphics. The Ubuntu version : 13.10, 64 bit. Thanks. EDIT: I tried 12.04.3 LTS, it managed to bring the desktop up. There are severe graphics glitches after about two minutes though.

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  • How to force Multiple Monitors correct resolutions for LightDM?

    - by Hanynowsky
    I am affected by the BUG: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity-greeter/+bug/874241 Otherwise, if like me you have a laptop connected to a second monitor of higher resolution, LIGHTDM at the login stage, mirrors the displays in both screens and assign to them a common resolution (1024X768) in my case, instead of extending the desktop (Primary screen with the greeter and secondary with just a logo as mentioned in the Multiple Monitors UX specifications book for 12.04). Here is my xrandr -q @L502X:~$ xrandr -q Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1920 x 1848, maximum 8192 x 8192 LVDS1 connected 1366x768+309+1080 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 344mm x 193mm 1366x768 60.0*+ 1360x768 59.8 60.0 1024x768 60.0 800x600 60.3 56.2 640x480 59.9 VGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) HDMI1 connected 1920x1080+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 510mm x 287mm 1920x1080 60.0*+ 1600x1200 60.0 1680x1050 60.0 1280x1024 60.0 1440x900 59.9 1280x960 60.0 1280x800 59.8 1024x768 60.0 800x600 60.3 56.2 640x480 60.0 DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) I tried to force lightdm to execute some xrandr commands in order to set the right resolution for each monitor and extend the desktop, but I get a LOW GRAPHICS MODE ERROR (You're running in low graphics mode, your screen, input devices...did not get detected..) I created a simple script named lightdmxrand.sh: #!/bin/sh xrandr --output HDMI1 --primary --mode 1920x1080 --output LVDS1 --mode 1366x768 --below HDMI1 And told lightdm to run it : /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf [SeatDefaults] greeter-session=unity-greeter user-session=ubuntu greeter-setup-script=/usr/bin/numlockx on display-setup-script=/home/hanynowsky/lightdmxrandr.sh Someone knows what is wrong!? Thanks in advance.

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  • Understanding IDAT chunk of PNG file format

    - by DRapp
    From the sample image below, I have a border in yellow just for display purposes only. The actual .png file is a simple black/white image 3 pixels by 3 pixels. I was originally thinking to try as a 2x2, but that would not help trying to interpret low/hi vs hi/low drawing stream. At least this way, I would have two black, one white from the top, or one white, two black from the bottom.. So I read the chunks of data, get to the IDAT chunk, decode that (zlib) and come up with 12 bytes as follows 00 20 00 40 00 80 So, my question, how does the above get broken down into the 3x3 black and white sample... Also, it is saved in palette format and properly recognizes the bit depth of 1 and color palette of 2... color pallet[0] is RGBA all zeros. Palette1 has RGBA of 255, 255, 255, 0 I'll eventually get into the multiple other depth formats later, just wanted to start with what would expect to be the easiest. Part II. Any guidance on handling the other depth formats would help if anything special to be considered especially regarding alpha channel (which I am already looking for in the palette) that might trip me up.

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  • external hard drive not detected after ubuntu crash [restarting machine]

    - by Netmoon
    today i tried to watch movie [with vlc media player] from my external hard drive [expansion portable 500 GB], and it's play good, then pause the movie and play it again, and my Ubuntu crashed! [Ubuntu 12.04]i had to restart the machine, so did it, but after that Ubuntu can't recognize this hard drive! i changed USB cable but it was not effective. this is my dmesg command result : [ 191.281630] usb 2-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 9 using ehci_hcd [ 191.353527] usb 2-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [ 191.529115] usb 2-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [ 191.704669] usb 2-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 10 using ehci_hcd [ 191.776524] usb 2-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [ 191.952202] usb 2-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [ 192.127772] usb 2-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 11 using ehci_hcd [ 192.534742] usb 2-1.3: device not accepting address 11, error -32 [ 192.606749] usb 2-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 12 using ehci_hcd [ 193.013696] usb 2-1.3: device not accepting address 12, error -32 [ 193.013906] hub 2-1:1.0: unable to enumerate USB device on port 3 note: I am able to hear the sound of the external drive lens. When attach hard drive to usb port, the status light goes on, but it's low bright and i think its power is low! try to mount in Microsoft Windows 7, but nothing happened.

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  • Is embedded programming closer to electrical engineering or software development?

    - by Jeremy Heiler
    I am being approached with a job for writing embedded C on micro controllers. At first I would have thought that embedding programming is to low on the software stack for me, but maybe I am thinking about it wrong. Normally I would have shrugged off an opportunity to write embedded code, as I don't consider myself an electrical engineer. Is this a bad assumption? Am I able to write interesting and useful software for embedded systems, or will I kick myself for dropping too low on the software stack? I went to school for computer science and really enjoyed writing a compiler, managing concurrent algorithms, designing data structures, and developing frameworks. However, I am currently employed as a Flex developer, which doesn't scream the interesting things I just described. (I currently deal with issues like: "this check box needs to be 4 pixels to the left" and "this date is formatted wrong".) I appreciate everyone's input. I know I have to make the decision for myself, I just would like some clarification on what it means to be a embedded programmer, and if it fits what I find to be interesting.

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  • Resume on 30 Days of SharePoint

    Dear readers, as you might have noticed... It was an organisational desaster on my end! Even though I continued my studies and research on Microsoft SharePoint 2013 during the last 30 days, I wasn't able to write an article a day to keep you posted on my progress. Nonetheless, I gathered a good number of additional blogs, mainly SharePoint MVP sites, and online forums which will be helpful in the next couple of weeks while I'm actually going to develop a C#-based client which will enable an existing 'legacy' application to SharePoint as a document management system (DMS) besides other already existing solutions. Finding excuses Well, no. Not really. I simply didn't block any or enough time every day to write down my progress during my own challenge. My log book on learning about SharePoint stands at 41 hours and 15 minutes during this month. Which means that I spent an average of more than 1 hour per day on getting into SharePoint. I know that might sound a little bit low but also keep in mind that I went for the challenge on top of my daily job and private responsibilities. During the same period there had been two priority 0 incidents from clients - external root cause - which took presedence over this leisure project. More to come Anyway, it was a first trial and despite the low level of reporting on my blog, I'm confident about what I learned during the last 30 days, and I'm ready to implement the client's requirements. At least, I would say that I have a better understanding about the road map or the path to walk during the next month. As time and secrecy allows I'm going to note down some bits and pieces... During the process of development, I'm going to 'cheat' on the challenge summary article and add links to those new entries. Just for the sake of completeness. Next challenge? Hmm, there had been ideas during the last meetup of the Mauritius Software Craftsmanship Community (MSCC) regarding certifications in IT and eventually we might organise some kind of a study group for specific exams, most probably Microsoft exams towards MCSD Web Developer or Windows Developer.

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  • Solaris 11 VNC Server is "blurry" or "smeared"

    - by user12620111
    I've been annoyed by quality of the image that is displayed by my VNC viewer when I visit a Solaris 11 VNC server. How should I describe the image? Blurry? Grainy? Smeared? Low resolution? Compressed? Badly encoded? This is what I have gotten used to seeing on Solaris 11: This is not a problem for me when I view Solaris 10 VNC servers. I've finally taken the time to investigate, and the solution is simple. On the VNC client, don't allow "Tight" encoding. My VNC Viewer will negotiate to Tight encoding if it is available. When negotiating with the Solaris 10 VNC server, Tight is not a supported option, so the Solaris 10 server and my client will agree on ZRLE.  Now that I have disabled Tight encoding on my VNC client, the Solaris 11 VNC Servers looks much better: How should I describe the display when my VNC client is forced to negotiate to ZRLE encoding with the Solaris 11 VNC Server? Crisp? Clear? Higher resolution? Using a lossless compression algorithm? When I'm on a low bandwidth connection, I may re-enable Tight compression on my laptop. In the mean time, the ZRLE compression is sufficient for a coast-to-coast desktop, through the corporate firewall, encoded with VPN, through my ISP and onto my laptop. YMMV.

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  • Are my negative internship experiences representative of the real world? [closed]

    - by attemptAtAnonymity
    I'm curious if my current experiences as an intern are representative of actual industry. As background, I'm through the better part of two computing majors and a math major at a major university; I've aced every class and adored all of them, so I'd like to think that I'm not terrible at programming. I got an internship with one of the major software companies, and half way through now I've been shocked at the extraordinarily low quality of code. Comments don't exist, it's all spaghetti code, and everything that could be wrong is even worse. I've done a ton of tutoring/TAing, so I'm very used to reading bad code, but the major industry products I've been seeing trump all of that. I work 10-12 hours a day and never feel like I'm getting anywhere, because it's endless hours of trying to figure out an undocumented API or determine the behavior of some other part of the (completely undocumented) product. I've left work hating the job every day so far, and I desperately want to know if this is what is in store for the rest of my life. Did I draw a short straw on internships (the absurdly large paychecks imply that it's not a low quality position), or is this what the real world is like?

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  • Are my negative internship experiences respresentative of the real world?

    - by attemptAtAnonymity
    I'm curious if my current experiences as an intern are representative of actual industry. As background, I'm through the better part of two computing majors and a math major at a major university; I've aced every class and adored all of them, so I'd like to think that I'm not terrible at programming. I got an internship with one of the major software companies, and half way through now I've been shocked at the extraordinarily low quality of code. Comments don't exist, it's all spaghetti code, and everything that could be wrong is even worse. I've done a ton of tutoring/TAing, so I'm very used to reading bad code, but the major industry products I've been seeing trump all of that. I work 10-12 hours a day and never feel like I'm getting anywhere, because it's endless hours of trying to figure out an undocumented API or determine the behavior of some other part of the (completely undocumented) product. I've left work hating the job every day so far, and I desperately want to know if this is what is in store for the rest of my life. Did I draw a short straw on internships (the absurdly large paychecks imply that it's not a low quality position), or is this what the real world is like?

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  • Having trouble returning a value from a method call when sending an array and the program is error out when run in reference to the sort

    - by programmerNOOB
    I am getting the following output when this program is run: Please enter the Social Security Number for taxpayer 0: 111111111 Please enter the gross income for taxpayer 0: 20000 Please enter the Social Security Number for taxpayer 1: 555555555 Please enter the gross income for taxpayer 1: 50000 Please enter the Social Security Number for taxpayer 2: 333333333 Please enter the gross income for taxpayer 2: 5464166 Please enter the Social Security Number for taxpayer 3: 222222222 Please enter the gross income for taxpayer 3: 645641 Please enter the Social Security Number for taxpayer 4: 444444444 Please enter the gross income for taxpayer 4: 29000 Taxpayer # 1 SSN: 111111111, Income is $20,000.00, Tax is $0.00 Taxpayer # 2 SSN: 555555555, Income is $50,000.00, Tax is $0.00 Taxpayer # 3 SSN: 333333333, Income is $5,464,166.00, Tax is $0.00 Taxpayer # 4 SSN: 222222222, Income is $645,641.00, Tax is $0.00 Taxpayer # 5 SSN: 444444444, Income is $29,000.00, Tax is $0.00 Unhandled Exception: System.InvalidOperationException: Failed to compare two elements in the array. --- System.ArgumentException: At least one object must implement IComparable. at System.Collections.Comparer.Compare(Object a, Object b) at System.Collections.Generic.ObjectComparer`1.Compare(T x, T y) at System.Collections.Generic.ArraySortHelper`1.SwapIfGreaterWithItems(T[] keys, IComparer`1 comparer, Int32 a, Int32 b) at System.Collections.Generic.ArraySortHelper`1.QuickSort(T[] keys, Int32 left, Int32 right, IComparer`1 comparer) at System.Collections.Generic.ArraySortHelper`1.Sort(T[] keys, Int32 index, Int32 length, IComparer`1 comparer) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Collections.Generic.ArraySortHelper`1.Sort(T[] keys, Int32 index, Int32 length, IComparer`1 comparer) at System.Array.Sort[T](T[] array, Int32 index, Int32 length, IComparer`1 comparer) at System.Array.Sort[T](T[] array) at Assignment5.Taxpayer.Main(String[] args) in Program.cs:line 150 Notice the 0s at the end of the line that should be the tax amount??? Here is the code: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace taxes { class Rates { // Create a class named rates that has the following data members: private int incLimit; private double lowTaxRate; private double highTaxRate; // use read-only accessor public int IncomeLimit { get { return incLimit; } } public double LowTaxRate { get { return lowTaxRate; } } public double HighTaxRate { get { return highTaxRate; } } //A class constructor that assigns default values public Rates() { int limit = 30000; double lowRate = .15; double highRate = .28; incLimit = limit; lowTaxRate = lowRate; highTaxRate = highRate; } //A class constructor that takes three parameters to assign input values for limit, low rate and high rate. public Rates(int limit, double lowRate, double highRate) { } // A CalculateTax method that takes an income parameter and computes the tax as follows: public int CalculateTax(int income) { int limit = 0; double lowRate = 0; double highRate = 0; int taxOwed = 0; // If income is less than the limit then return the tax as income times low rate. if (income < limit) taxOwed = Convert.ToInt32(income * lowRate); // If income is greater than or equal to the limit then return the tax as income times high rate. if (income >= limit) taxOwed = Convert.ToInt32(income * highRate); return taxOwed; } } //end class Rates // Create a class named Taxpayer that has the following data members: public class Taxpayer { //Use get and set accessors. string SSN { get; set; } int grossIncome { get; set; } // Use read-only accessor. public int taxOwed { get { return taxOwed; } } // The Taxpayer class should be set up so that its objects are comparable to each other based on tax owed. class taxpayer : IComparable { public int taxOwed { get; set; } public int income { get; set; } int IComparable.CompareTo(Object o) { int returnVal; taxpayer temp = (taxpayer)o; if (this.taxOwed > temp.taxOwed) returnVal = 1; else if (this.taxOwed < temp.taxOwed) returnVal = -1; else returnVal = 0; return returnVal; } // End IComparable.CompareTo } //end taxpayer IComparable class // **The tax should be calculated whenever the income is set. // The Taxpayer class should have a getRates class method that has the following. public static void GetRates() { // Local method data members for income limit, low rate and high rate. int incLimit = 0; double lowRate; double highRate; string userInput; // Prompt the user to enter a selection for either default settings or user input of settings. Console.Write("Would you like the default values (D) or would you like to enter the values (E)?: "); /* If the user selects default the default values you will instantiate a rates object using the default constructor * and set the Taxpayer class data member for tax equal to the value returned from calling the rates object CalculateTax method.*/ userInput = Convert.ToString(Console.ReadLine()); if (userInput == "D" || userInput == "d") { Rates rates = new Rates(); rates.CalculateTax(incLimit); } // end if /* If the user selects to enter the rates data then prompt the user to enter values for income limit, low rate and high rate, * instantiate a rates object using the three-argument constructor passing those three entries as the constructor arguments and * set the Taxpayer class data member for tax equal to the valuereturned from calling the rates object CalculateTax method. */ if (userInput == "E" || userInput == "e") { Console.Write("Please enter the income limit: "); incLimit = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); Console.Write("Please enter the low rate: "); lowRate = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine()); Console.Write("Please enter the high rate: "); highRate = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine()); Rates rates = new Rates(incLimit, lowRate, highRate); rates.CalculateTax(incLimit); } } static void Main(string[] args) { Taxpayer[] taxArray = new Taxpayer[5]; Rates taxRates = new Rates(); // Implement a for-loop that will prompt the user to enter the Social Security Number and gross income. for (int x = 0; x < taxArray.Length; ++x) { taxArray[x] = new Taxpayer(); Console.Write("Please enter the Social Security Number for taxpayer {0}: ", x + 1); taxArray[x].SSN = Console.ReadLine(); Console.Write("Please enter the gross income for taxpayer {0}: ", x + 1); taxArray[x].grossIncome = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); } Taxpayer.GetRates(); // Implement a for-loop that will display each object as formatted taxpayer SSN, income and calculated tax. for (int i = 0; i < taxArray.Length; ++i) { Console.WriteLine("Taxpayer # {0} SSN: {1}, Income is {2:c}, Tax is {3:c}", i + 1, taxArray[i].SSN, taxArray[i].grossIncome, taxRates.CalculateTax(taxArray[i].grossIncome)); } // end for // Implement a for-loop that will sort the five objects in order by the amount of tax owed Array.Sort(taxArray); Console.WriteLine("Sorted by tax owed"); for (int i = 0; i < taxArray.Length; ++i) { Console.WriteLine("Taxpayer # {0} SSN: {1}, Income is {2:c}, Tax is {3:c}", i + 1, taxArray[i].SSN, taxArray[i].grossIncome, taxRates.CalculateTax(taxArray[i].grossIncome)); } } //end main } // end Taxpayer class } //end Any clues as to why the dollar amount is coming up as 0 and why the sort is not working?

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  • AWS: setting up auto-scale for EC2 instances

    - by Elton Stoneman
    Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/EltonStoneman/archive/2013/10/16/aws-setting-up-auto-scale-for-ec2-instances.aspxWith Amazon Web Services, there’s no direct equivalent to Azure Worker Roles – no Elastic Beanstalk-style application for .NET background workers. But you can get the auto-scale part by configuring an auto-scaling group for your EC2 instance. This is a step-by-step guide, that shows you how to create the auto-scaling configuration, which for EC2 you need to do with the command line, and then link your scaling policies to CloudWatch alarms in the Web console. I’m using queue size as my metric for CloudWatch,  which is a good fit if your background workers are pulling messages from a queue and processing them.  If the queue is getting too big, the “high” alarm will fire and spin up a new instance to share the workload. If the queue is draining down, the “low” alarm will fire and shut down one of the instances. To start with, you need to manually set up your app in an EC2 VM, for a background worker that would mean hosting your code in a Windows Service (I always use Topshelf). If you’re dual-running Azure and AWS, then you can isolate your logic in one library, with a generic entry point that has Start() and Stop()  functions, so your Worker Role and Windows Service are essentially using the same code. When you have your instance set up with the Windows Service running automatically, and you’ve tested it starts up and works properly from a reboot, shut the machine down and take an image of the VM, using Create Image (EBS AMI) from the Web Console: When that completes, you’ll have your own AMI which you can use to spin up new instances, and you’re ready to create your auto-scaling group. You need to dip into the command-line tools for this, so follow this guide to set up the AWS autoscale command line tool. Now we’re ready to go. 1. Create a launch configuration This launch configuration tells AWS what to do when a new instance needs to be spun up. You create it with the as-create-launch-config command, which looks like this: as-create-launch-config sc-xyz-launcher # name of the launch config --image-id ami-7b9e9f12 # id of the AMI you extracted from your VM --region eu-west-1 # which region the new instance gets created in --instance-type t1.micro # size of the instance to create --group quicklaunch-1 #security group for the new instance 2. Create an auto-scaling group The auto-scaling group links to the launch config, and defines the overall configuration of the collection of instances: as-create-auto-scaling-group sc-xyz-asg # auto-scaling group name --region eu-west-1 # region to create in --launch-configuration sc-xyz-launcher # name of the launch config to invoke for new instances --min-size 1 # minimum number of nodes in the group --max-size 5 # maximum number of nodes in the group --default-cooldown 300 # period to wait (in seconds) after each scaling event, before checking if another scaling event is required --availability-zones eu-west-1a eu-west-1b eu-west-1c # which availability zones you want your instances to be allocated in – multiple entries means EC@ will use any of them 3. Create a scale-up policy The policy dictates what will happen in response to a scaling event being triggered from a “high” alarm being breached. It links to the auto-scaling group; this sample results in one additional node being spun up: as-put-scaling-policy scale-up-policy # policy name -g sc-psod-woker-asg # auto-scaling group the policy works with --adjustment 1 # size of the adjustment --region eu-west-1 # region --type ChangeInCapacity # type of adjustment, this specifies a fixed number of nodes, but you can use PercentChangeInCapacity to make an adjustment relative to the current number of nodes, e.g. increasing by 50% 4. Create a scale-down policy The policy dictates what will happen in response to a scaling event being triggered from a “low” alarm being breached. It links to the auto-scaling group; this sample results in one node from the group being taken offline: as-put-scaling-policy scale-down-policy -g sc-psod-woker-asg "--adjustment=-1" # in Windows, use double-quotes to surround a negative adjustment value –-type ChangeInCapacity --region eu-west-1 5. Create a “high” CloudWatch alarm We’re done with the command line now. In the Web Console, open up the CloudWatch view and create a new alarm. This alarm will monitor your metrics and invoke the scale-up policy from your auto-scaling group, when the group is working too hard. Configure your metric – this example will fire the alarm if there are more than 10 messages in my queue for over a minute: Then link the alarm to the scale-up policy in your group: 6. Create a “low” CloudWatch alarm The opposite of step 4, this alarm will trigger when the instances in your group don’t have enough work to do (e.g fewer than 2 messages in the queue for 1 minute), and will invoke the scale-down policy. And that’s it. You don’t need your original VM as the auto-scale group has a minimum number of nodes connected. You can test out the scaling by flexing your CloudWatch metric – in this example, filling up a queue from a  stub publisher – and watching AWS create new nodes as required, then stopping the publisher and watch AWS kill off the spare nodes.

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  • Slow boot on Ubuntu 12.04

    - by Hailwood
    My Ubuntu is booting really slow (Windows is booting faster...). I am using Ubuntu a Dell Inspiron 1545 Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPU T4300 @ 2.10GHz, 4GB Ram, 500GB HDD running Ubuntu 12.04 with gnome-shell 3.4.1. After running dmesg the culprit seems to be this section, in particular the last three lines: [26.557659] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready [26.565414] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready [27.355355] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 170x48 [27.362346] fb0: radeondrmfb frame buffer device [27.362347] drm: registered panic notifier [27.362357] [drm] Initialized radeon 2.12.0 20080528 for 0000:01:00.0 on minor 0 [27.617435] init: udev-fallback-graphics main process (1049) terminated with status 1 [30.064481] init: plymouth-stop pre-start process (1500) terminated with status 1 [51.708241] CE: hpet increased min_delta_ns to 20113 nsec [59.448029] eth2: no IPv6 routers present But I have no idea how to start debugging this. sudo lshw -C video $ sudo lshw -C video *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: RV710 [Mobility Radeon HD 4300 Series] vendor: Hynix Semiconductor (Hyundai Electronics) physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm pciexpress msi vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=fglrx_pci latency=0 resources: irq:48 memory:e0000000-efffffff ioport:de00(size=256) memory:f6df0000-f6dfffff memory:f6d00000-f6d1ffff After loading the propriety driver my new dmesg log is below (starting from the first major time gap): [2.983741] EXT4-fs (sda6): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) [25.094327] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready [25.119737] udevd[520]: starting version 175 [25.167086] lp: driver loaded but no devices found [25.215341] fglrx: module license 'Proprietary. (C) 2002 - ATI Technologies, Starnberg, GERMANY' taints kernel. [25.215345] Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint [25.231924] wmi: Mapper loaded [25.318414] lib80211: common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers [25.318418] lib80211_crypt: registered algorithm 'NULL' [25.331631] [fglrx] Maximum main memory to use for locked dma buffers: 3789 MBytes. [25.332095] [fglrx] vendor: 1002 device: 9552 count: 1 [25.334206] [fglrx] ioport: bar 1, base 0xde00, size: 0x100 [25.334229] pci 0000:01:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 16 (level, low) -> IRQ 16 [25.334235] pci 0000:01:00.0: setting latency timer to 64 [25.337109] [fglrx] Kernel PAT support is enabled [25.337140] [fglrx] module loaded - fglrx 8.96.4 [Mar 12 2012] with 1 minors [25.342803] Adding 4189180k swap on /dev/sda7. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:4189180k [25.364031] type=1400 audit(1338241723.027:2): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=606 comm="apparmor_parser" [25.364491] type=1400 audit(1338241723.031:3): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=606 comm="apparmor_parser" [25.364760] type=1400 audit(1338241723.031:4): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=606 comm="apparmor_parser" [25.394328] wl 0000:0c:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 17 (level, low) -> IRQ 17 [25.394343] wl 0000:0c:00.0: setting latency timer to 64 [25.415531] acpi device:36: registered as cooling_device2 [25.416688] input: Video Bus as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/device:00/PNP0A03:00/device:34/LNXVIDEO:00/input/input6 [25.416795] ACPI: Video Device [VID] (multi-head: yes rom: no post: no) [25.416865] [Firmware Bug]: Duplicate ACPI video bus devices for the same VGA controller, please try module parameter "video.allow_duplicates=1"if the current driver doesn't work. [25.425133] lib80211_crypt: registered algorithm 'TKIP' [25.448058] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1b.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 21 (level, low) -> IRQ 21 [25.448321] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1b.0: irq 47 for MSI/MSI-X [25.448353] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1b.0: setting latency timer to 64 [25.738867] eth1: Broadcom BCM4315 802.11 Hybrid Wireless Controller 5.100.82.38 [25.761213] input: HDA Intel Mic as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input7 [25.761406] input: HDA Intel Headphone as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input8 [25.783432] dcdbas dcdbas: Dell Systems Management Base Driver (version 5.6.0-3.2) [25.908318] EXT4-fs (sda6): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro [25.928155] input: Dell WMI hotkeys as /devices/virtual/input/input9 [25.960561] udevd[543]: renamed network interface eth1 to eth2 [26.285688] init: failsafe main process (835) killed by TERM signal [26.396426] input: PS/2 Mouse as /devices/platform/i8042/serio2/input/input10 [26.423108] input: AlpsPS/2 ALPS GlidePoint as /devices/platform/i8042/serio2/input/input11 [26.511297] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.16 [26.511383] NET: Registered protocol family 31 [26.511385] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized [26.511388] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized [26.511391] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized [26.512079] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized [26.530164] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3 [26.530168] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast [26.553893] type=1400 audit(1338241724.219:5): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=928 comm="apparmor_parser" [26.554860] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized [26.554866] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized [26.554868] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11 [26.557910] type=1400 audit(1338241724.223:6): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm/lightdm-guest-session-wrapper" pid=927 comm="apparmor_parser" [26.559166] type=1400 audit(1338241724.223:7): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=928 comm="apparmor_parser" [26.559574] type=1400 audit(1338241724.223:8): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=928 comm="apparmor_parser" [26.575519] type=1400 audit(1338241724.239:9): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/telepathy/mission-control-5" pid=931 comm="apparmor_parser" [26.581100] type=1400 audit(1338241724.247:10): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/telepathy/telepathy-*" pid=931 comm="apparmor_parser" [26.582794] type=1400 audit(1338241724.247:11): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/bin/evince" pid=929 comm="apparmor_parser" [26.605672] ppdev: user-space parallel port driver [27.592475] sky2 0000:09:00.0: eth0: enabling interface [27.604329] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready [27.606962] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready [27.852509] vesafb: mode is 1024x768x32, linelength=4096, pages=0 [27.852513] vesafb: scrolling: redraw [27.852515] vesafb: Truecolor: size=0:8:8:8, shift=0:16:8:0 [27.852523] mtrr: type mismatch for e0000000,400000 old: write-back new: write-combining [27.852527] mtrr: type mismatch for e0000000,200000 old: write-back new: write-combining [27.852531] mtrr: type mismatch for e0000000,100000 old: write-back new: write-combining [27.852534] mtrr: type mismatch for e0000000,80000 old: write-back new: write-combining [27.852538] mtrr: type mismatch for e0000000,40000 old: write-back new: write-combining [27.852541] mtrr: type mismatch for e0000000,20000 old: write-back new: write-combining [27.852544] mtrr: type mismatch for e0000000,10000 old: write-back new: write-combining [27.852548] mtrr: type mismatch for e0000000,8000 old: write-back new: write-combining [27.852551] mtrr: type mismatch for e0000000,4000 old: write-back new: write-combining [27.852554] mtrr: type mismatch for e0000000,2000 old: write-back new: write-combining [27.852558] mtrr: type mismatch for e0000000,1000 old: write-back new: write-combining [27.853154] vesafb: framebuffer at 0xe0000000, mapped to 0xffffc90005580000, using 3072k, total 3072k [27.853405] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x48 [27.853426] fb0: VESA VGA frame buffer device [28.539800] fglrx_pci 0000:01:00.0: irq 48 for MSI/MSI-X [28.540552] [fglrx] Firegl kernel thread PID: 1168 [28.540679] [fglrx] Firegl kernel thread PID: 1169 [28.540789] [fglrx] Firegl kernel thread PID: 1170 [28.540932] [fglrx] IRQ 48 Enabled [29.845620] [fglrx] Gart USWC size:1236 M. [29.845624] [fglrx] Gart cacheable size:489 M. [29.845629] [fglrx] Reserved FB block: Shared offset:0, size:1000000 [29.845632] [fglrx] Reserved FB block: Unshared offset:fc21000, size:3df000 [29.845635] [fglrx] Reserved FB block: Unshared offset:1fffb000, size:5000 [59.700023] eth2: no IPv6 routers present

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  • Patch an Existing NK.BIN

    - by Kate Moss' Open Space
    As you know, we can use MAKEIMG.EXE tool to create OS Image file, NK.BIN, or ROMIMAGE.EXE with a BIB for more accurate. But what if the image file is already created but need to be patched or you want to extract a file from NK.BIN? The Platform Builder provide many useful command line utilities, and today I am going to introduce one, BINMOD.EXE. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee504622.aspx is the official page for BINMOD tool. As the page says, The BinMod Tool (binmod.exe) extracts files from a run-time image, and replaces files in a run-time image and its usage binmod [-i imagename] [-r replacement_filename.ext | -e extraction_filename.ext] This is a simple tool and is easy to use, if we want to extract a file from nk.bin, just type binmod –i nk.bin –e filename.ext And that's it! Or use can try -r command to replace a file inside NK.BIN. The small tool is good but there is a limitation; due to the files in MODULES section are fixed up during ROMIMAGE so the original file format is not preserved, therefore extract or replace file in MODULE section will be impossible. So just like this small tool, this post supposed to be end here, right? Nah... It is not that easy. Just try the above example, and you will find, the tool is not work! Double check the file is in FILES section and the NK.BIN is good, but it just quits. Before you throw away this useless toy, we can try to fix it! Yes, the source of this tool is available in your CE6, private\winceos\COREOS\nk\tools\romimage\binmod. As it is a tool run in your Windows so you need to Windows SDK or Visual Studio to build the code. (I am going to save you some time by skipping the detail as building a desktop console mode program is fairly trivial) The cbinmod.cpp is the core logic for this program and follow up the error message we got, it looks like the following code is suspected.   //   // Extra sanity check...   //   if((DWORD)(HIWORD(pTOCLoc->dllfirst) << 16) <= pTOCLoc->dlllast &&       (DWORD)(LOWORD(pTOCLoc->dllfirst) << 16) <= pTOCLoc->dlllast)   {     dprintf("Found pTOC  = 0x%08x\n", (DWORD)dwpTOC);     fFoundIt = true;     break;   }    else    {     dprintf("NOTICE! Record %d looked like a TOC except DLL first = 0x%08X, and DLL last = 0x%08X\r\n", i, pTOCLoc->dllfirst, pTOCLoc->dlllast);   } The logic checks if dllfirst <= dlllast but look closer, the code only separated the high/low WORD from dllfirst but does not apply the same to dlllast, is that on purpose or a bug? While the TOC is created by ROMIMAGE.EXE, so let's move to ROMIMAGE. In private\winceos\coreos\nk\tools\romimage\romimage\bin.cpp    Module::s_romhdr.dllfirst  = (HIWORD(xip_mem->dll_data_bottom) << 16) | HIWORD(xip_mem->kernel_dll_bottom);   Module::s_romhdr.dlllast   = (HIWORD(xip_mem->dll_data_top) << 16)    | HIWORD(xip_mem->kernel_dll_top); It is clear now, the high word of dll first is the upper 16 bits of XIP DLL bottom and the low word is the upper 16 bits of kernel dll bottom; also, the high word of dll last is the upper 16 bits of XIP DLL top and the low word is the upper 16 bits of kernel dll top. Obviously, the correct statement should be if((DWORD)(HIWORD(pTOCLoc->dllfirst) << 16) <= (DWORD)(HIWORD(pTOCLoc->dlllast) << 16) &&    (DWORD)(LOWORD(pTOCLoc->dllfirst) << 16) <= (DWORD)(LOWORD(pTOCLoc->dlllast) << 16)) So update the code like this should fix this issue or just like the comment, it is an extra sanity check, you can just get rid of it, either way can make the code moving forward and everything worked as advertised.  "Extracting out copies of files from the nk.bin... replacing files... etc." Since the NK.BIN can be compressed, so the BinMod needs the compress.dll to decompress the data, the DLL can be found in C:\program files\microsoft platform builder\6.00\cepb\idevs\imgutils.

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  • Data management in unexpected places

    - by Ashok_Ora
    Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE Data management in unexpected places When you think of network switches, routers, firewall appliances, etc., it may not be obvious that at the heart of these kinds of solutions is an engine that can manage huge amounts of data at very high throughput with low latencies and high availability. Consider a network router that is processing tens (or hundreds) of thousands of network packets per second. So what really happens inside a router? Packets are streaming in at the rate of tens of thousands per second. Each packet has multiple attributes, for example, a destination, associated SLAs etc. For each packet, the router has to determine the address of the next “hop” to the destination; it has to determine how to prioritize this packet. If it’s a high priority packet, then it has to be sent on its way before lower priority packets. As a consequence of prioritizing high priority packets, lower priority data packets may need to be temporarily stored (held back), but addressed fairly. If there are security or privacy requirements associated with the data packet, those have to be enforced. You probably need to keep track of statistics related to the packets processed (someone’s sure to ask). You have to do all this (and more) while preserving high availability i.e. if one of the processors in the router goes down, you have to have a way to continue processing without interruption (the customer won’t be happy with a “choppy” VoIP conversation, right?). And all this has to be achieved without ANY intervention from a human operator – the router is most likely to be in a remote location – it must JUST CONTINUE TO WORK CORRECTLY, even when bad things happen. How is this implemented? As soon as a packet arrives, it is interpreted by the receiving software. The software decodes the packet headers in order to determine the destination, kind of packet (e.g. voice vs. data), SLAs associated with the “owner” of the packet etc. It looks up the internal database of “rules” of how to process this packet and handles the packet accordingly. The software might choose to hold on to the packet safely for some period of time, if it’s a low priority packet. Ah – this sounds very much like a database problem. For each packet, you have to minimally · Look up the most efficient next “hop” towards the destination. The “most efficient” next hop can change, depending on latency, availability etc. · Look up the SLA and determine the priority of this packet (e.g. voice calls get priority over data ftp) · Look up security information associated with this data packet. It may be necessary to retrieve the context for this network packet since a network packet is a small “slice” of a session. The context for the “header” packet needs to be stored in the router, in order to make this work. · If the priority of the packet is low, then “store” the packet temporarily in the router until it is time to forward the packet to the next hop. · Update various statistics about the packet. In most cases, you have to do all this in the context of a single transaction. For example, you want to look up the forwarding address and perform the “send” in a single transaction so that the forwarding address doesn’t change while you’re sending the packet. So, how do you do all this? Berkeley DB is a proven, reliable, high performance, highly available embeddable database, designed for exactly these kinds of usage scenarios. Berkeley DB is a robust, reliable, proven solution that is currently being used in these scenarios. First and foremost, Berkeley DB (or BDB for short) is very very fast. It can process tens or hundreds of thousands of transactions per second. It can be used as a pure in-memory database, or as a disk-persistent database. BDB provides high availability – if one board in the router fails, the system can automatically failover to another board – no manual intervention required. BDB is self-administering – there’s no need for manual intervention in order to maintain a BDB application. No need to send a technician to a remote site in the middle of nowhere on a freezing winter day to perform maintenance operations. BDB is used in over 200 million deployments worldwide for the past two decades for mission-critical applications such as the one described here. You have a choice of spending valuable resources to implement similar functionality, or, you could simply embed BDB in your application and off you go! I know what I’d do – choose BDB, so I can focus on my business problem. What will you do? /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}

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  • DevConnections Session Slides, Samples and Links

    - by Rick Strahl
    Finally coming up for air this week, after catching up with being on the road for the better part of three weeks. Here are my slides, samples and links for my four DevConnections Session two weeks ago in Vegas. I ended up doing one extra un-prepared for session on WebAPI and AJAX, as some of the speakers were either delayed or unable to make it at all to Vegas due to Sandy's mayhem. It was pretty hectic in the speaker room as Erik (our event coordinator extrodinaire) was scrambling to fill session slots with speakers :-). Surprisingly it didn't feel like the storm affected attendance drastically though, but I guess it's hard to tell without actual numbers. The conference was a lot of fun - it's been a while since I've been speaking at one of these larger conferences. I'd been taking a hiatus, and I forgot how much I enjoy actually giving talks. Preparing - well not  quite so much, especially since I ended up essentially preparing or completely rewriting for all three of these talks and I was stressing out a bit as I was sick the week before the conference and didn't get as much time to prepare as I wanted to. But - as always seems to be the case - it all worked out, but I guess those that attended have to be the judge of that… It was great to catch up with my speaker friends as well - man I feel out of touch. I got to spend a bunch of time with Dan Wahlin, Ward Bell, Julie Lerman and for about 10 minutes even got to catch up with the ever so busy Michele Bustamante. Lots of great technical discussions including a fun and heated REST controversy with Ward and Howard Dierking. There were also a number of great discussions with attendees, describing how they're using the technologies touched in my talks in live applications. I got some great ideas from some of these and I wish there would have been more opportunities for these kinds of discussions. One thing I miss at these Vegas events though is some sort of coherent event where attendees and speakers get to mingle. These Vegas conferences are just like "go to sessions, then go out and PARTY on the town" - it's Vegas after all! But I think that it's always nice to have at least one evening event where everybody gets to hang out together and trade stories and geek talk. Overall there didn't seem to be much opportunity for that beyond lunch or the small and short exhibit hall events which it seemed not many people actually went to. Anyways, a good time was had. I hope those of you that came to my sessions learned something useful. There were lots of great questions and discussions after the sessions - always appreciate hearing the real life scenarios that people deal with in relation to the abstracted scenarios in sessions. Here are the Session abstracts, a few comments and the links for downloading slides and  samples. It's not quite like being there, but I hope this stuff turns out to be useful to some of you. I'll be following up a couple of these sessions with white papers in the following weeks. Enjoy. ASP.NET Architecture: How ASP.NET Works at the Low Level Abstract:Interested in how ASP.NET works at a low level? ASP.NET is extremely powerful and flexible technology, but it's easy to forget about the core framework that underlies the higher level technologies like ASP.NET MVC, WebForms, WebPages, Web Services that we deal with on a day to day basis. The ASP.NET core drives all the higher level handlers and frameworks layered on top of it and with the core power comes some complexity in the form of a very rich object model that controls the flow of a request through the ASP.NET pipeline from Windows HTTP services down to the application level. To take full advantage of it, it helps to understand the underlying architecture and model. This session discusses the architecture of ASP.NET along with a number of useful tidbits that you can use for building and debugging your ASP.NET applications more efficiently. We look at overall architecture, how requests flow from the IIS (7 and later) Web Server to the ASP.NET runtime into HTTP handlers, modules and filters and finally into high-level handlers like MVC, Web Forms or Web API. Focus of this session is on the low-level aspects on the ASP.NET runtime, with examples that demonstrate the bootstrapping of ASP.NET, threading models, how Application Domains are used, startup bootstrapping, how configuration files are applied and how all of this relates to the applications you write either using low-level tools like HTTP handlers and modules or high-level pages or services sitting at the top of the ASP.NET runtime processing chain. Comments:I was surprised to see so many people show up for this session - especially since it was the last session on the last day and a short 1 hour session to boot. The room was packed and it was to see so many people interested the abstracts of architecture of ASP.NET beyond the immediate high level application needs. Lots of great questions in this talk as well - I only wish this session would have been the full hour 15 minutes as we just a little short of getting through the main material (didn't make it to Filters and Error handling). I haven't done this session in a long time and I had to pretty much re-figure all the system internals having to do with the ASP.NET bootstrapping in light for the changes that came with IIS 7 and later. The last time I did this talk was with IIS6, I guess it's been a while. I love doing this session, mainly because in my mind the core of ASP.NET overall is so cleanly designed to provide maximum flexibility without compromising performance that has clearly stood the test of time in the 10 years or so that .NET has been around. While there are a lot of moving parts, the technology is easy to manage once you understand the core components and the core model hasn't changed much even while the underlying architecture that drives has been almost completely revamped especially with the introduction of IIS 7 and later. Download Samples and Slides   Introduction to using jQuery with ASP.NET Abstract:In this session you'll learn how to take advantage of jQuery in your ASP.NET applications. Starting with an overview of jQuery client features via many short and fun examples, you'll find out about core features like the power of selectors for document element selection, manipulating these elements with jQuery's wrapped set methods in a browser independent way, how to hook up and handle events easily and generally apply concepts of unobtrusive JavaScript principles to client scripting. The second half of the session then delves into jQuery's AJAX features and several different ways how you can interact with ASP.NET on the server. You'll see examples of using ASP.NET MVC for serving HTML and JSON AJAX content, as well as using the new ASP.NET Web API to serve JSON and hypermedia content. You'll also see examples of client side templating/databinding with Handlebars and Knockout. Comments:This session was in a monster of a room and to my surprise it was nearly packed, given that this was a 100 level session. I can see that it's a good idea to continue to do intro sessions to jQuery as there appeared to be quite a number of folks who had not worked much with jQuery yet and who most likely could greatly benefit from using it. Seemed seemed to me the session got more than a few people excited to going if they hadn't yet :-).  Anyway I just love doing this session because it's mostly live coding and highly interactive - not many sessions that I can build things up from scratch and iterate on in an hour. jQuery makes that easy though. Resources: Slides and Code Samples Introduction to jQuery White Paper Introduction to ASP.NET Web API   Hosting the Razor Scripting Engine in Your Own Applications Abstract:The Razor Engine used in ASP.NET MVC and ASP.NET Web Pages is a free-standing scripting engine that can be disassociated from these Web-specific implementations and can be used in your own applications. Razor allows for a powerful mix of code and text rendering that makes it a wonderful tool for any sort of text generation, from creating HTML output in non-Web applications, to rendering mail merge-like functionality, to code generation for developer tools and even as a plug-in scripting engine. In this session, we'll look at the components that make up the Razor engine and how you can bootstrap it in your own applications to hook up templating. You'll find out how to create custom templates and manage Razor requests that can be pre-compiled, detecting page changes and act in ways similar to a full runtime. We look at ways that you can pass data into the engine and retrieve both the rendered output as well as result values in a package that makes it easy to plug Razor into your own applications. Comments:That this session was picked was a bit of a surprise to me, since it's a bit of a niche topic. Even more of a surprise was that during the session quite a few people who attended had actually used Razor externally and were there to find out more about how the process works and how to extend it. In the session I talk a bit about a custom Razor hosting implementation (Westwind.RazorHosting) and drilled into the various components required to build a custom Razor Hosting engine and a runtime around it. This sessions was a bit of a chore to prepare for as there are lots of technical implementation details that needed to be dealt with and squeezing that into an hour 15 is a bit tight (and that aren't addressed even by some of the wrapper libraries that exist). Found out though that there's quite a bit of interest in using a templating engine outside of web applications, or often side by side with the HTML output generated by frameworks like MVC or WebForms. An extra fun part of this session was that this was my first session and when I went to set up I realized I forgot my mini-DVI to VGA adapter cable to plug into the projector in my room - 6 minutes before the session was about to start. So I ended up sprinting the half a mile + back to my room - and back at a full sprint. I managed to be back only a couple of minutes late, but when I started I was out of breath for the first 10 minutes or so, while trying to talk. Musta sounded a bit funny as I was trying to not gasp too much :-) Resources: Slides and Code Samples Westwind.RazorHosting GitHub Project Original RazorHosting Blog Post   Introduction to ASP.NET Web API for AJAX Applications Abstract:WebAPI provides a new framework for creating REST based APIs, but it can also act as a backend to typical AJAX operations. This session covers the core features of Web API as it relates to typical AJAX application development. We’ll cover content-negotiation, routing and a variety of output generation options as well as managing data updates from the client in the context of a small Single Page Application style Web app. Finally we’ll look at some of the extensibility features in WebAPI to customize and extend Web API in a number and useful useful ways. Comments:This session was a fill in for session slots not filled due MIA speakers stranded by Sandy. I had samples from my previous Web API article so decided to go ahead and put together a session from it. Given that I spent only a couple of hours preparing and putting slides together I was glad it turned out as it did - kind of just ran itself by way of the examples I guess as well as nice audience interactions and questions. Lots of interest - and also some confusion about when Web API makes sense. Both this session and the jQuery session ended up getting a ton of questions about when to use Web API vs. MVC, whether it would make sense to switch to Web API for all AJAX backend work etc. In my opinion there's no need to jump to Web API for existing applications that already have a good AJAX foundation. Web API is awesome for real externally consumed APIs and clearly defined application AJAX APIs. For typical application level AJAX calls, it's still a good idea, but ASP.NET MVC can serve most if not all of that functionality just as well. There's no need to abandon MVC (or even ASP.NET AJAX or third party AJAX backends) just to move to Web API. For new projects Web API probably makes good sense for isolation of AJAX calls, but it really depends on how the application is set up. In some cases sharing business logic between the HTML and AJAX interfaces with a single MVC API can be cleaner than creating two completely separate code paths to serve essentially the same business logic. Resources: Slides and Code Samples Sample Code on GitHub Introduction to ASP.NET Web API White Paper© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in Conferences  ASP.NET   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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