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• Server side aggregation using Spring MVC Controllers

  - by Venu

  Hi! We have a web site with multiple pages each with lot of AJAX calls. All the Ajax calls go to a data proxy layer written in Spring 3 MVC application. In order to reduce the load on the server we are planning to aggregate calls on the client and send to the proxy layer. For ex: we have two calls /controller1/action1 and /controller2/action2 in different controllers. I want to write an aggregate controller and call it from the client instead of making two calls to the individual controllers. Something like /aggregatecontroller/aggregate (and we will post the information regarding which calls are being aggregated and required parameters). Is there any way we can call another controller/action from a controller/action and get output? The flow will be something like this: a. Call /aggregatecontroller/aggregate with info regd call1 and call2 b. aggregate action understands that it needs to aggregate call1 and call2 c. it calls /controller1/action1 and gets the response d. it calls /controller2/action2 and gets the response e. it merges both in a json response and sends it back to browser. Please let me know if you have any suggestion regd how to do this or if you think there is a better approach to do the server side aggregation. Thanks for your time.

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• What does the Kernel Virtual Memory of each process contain?

  - by claws

  When say 3 programs (executables) are loaded into memory the layout might look something like this: I've following questions: Is the concept of Virtual Memory limited to user processes? Because, I am wondering where does the Operating System Kernel, Drivers live? How is its memory layout? I know its operating system specific make your choice (windows/linux). They say, on a 32 bit machine in a 4GB address space. Half of it (or more recently 1GB) is occupied by kernel. I can see in this diagram that "Kernel Virtual memory" is occupying 0xc0000000 - 0xffffffff (= 1 GB). Are they talking about this? or is it something else? Just want to confirm. What exactly does the Kernel Virtual Memory of each of these processes contain? What is its layout? When we do IPC we talk about shared memory. I don't see any memory shared between these processes. Where does it live? Resources (files, registries in windows) are global to all processes. So, the resource/file handle table must be in some global space. Which area would that be in? Where can I know more about this kernel side stuff.

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• My python program always brings down my internet connection after several hours running, how do I debug and fix this problem?

  - by Shane

  I'm writing a python script checking/monitoring several server/websites status(response time and similar stuff), it's a GUI program and I use separate thread to check different server/website, and the basic structure of each thread is using an infinite while loop to request that site every random time period(15 to 30 seconds), once there's changes in website/server each thread will start a new thread to do a thorough check(requesting more pages and similar stuff). The problem is, my internet connection always got blocked/jammed/messed up after several hours running of this script, the situation is, from my script side I got urlopen error timed out each time it's requesting a page, and from my FireFox browser side I cannot open any site. But the weird thing is, the moment I close my script my Internet connection got back on immediately which means now I can surf any site through my browser, so it must be the script causing all the problem. I've checked the program carefully and even use del to delete any connection once it's used, still get the same problem. I only use urllib2, urllib, mechanize to do network requests. Anybody knows why such thing happens? How do I debug this problem? Is there a tool or something to check my network status once such situation occurs? It's really bugging me for a while... By the way I'm behind a VPN, does it have something to do with this problem? Although I don't think so because my network always get back on once the script closed, and the VPN connection never drops(as it appears) during the whole process.

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• Setting Session/Cookie via ajax request made on other website

  - by user596805

  Hi, That's my problem: I have an website, example.com, in which index.html file a introduced a <script src="website.net/js.js"></script> You can see, that this is on other web server. In the js.js I have some data that I want to send to php. For that, I am using Ajax. So, I made a request to "website.net/data.php" using method get. In data.php file everything is ok,I received the value, but I want to set a cookie which value is what I received through ajax. Here is the problem. The setcookie function says that the cookie was set, but when I check in the browser, there's no cookie! It works fine if the index.html file where I use <script src="website.net/js.js"></script> is hosted on the same domain where I am making the request. If it is on another domain, it doesn't work anymore. I have read something about Ajax cross site, but I don't want to send something back to example.com. All I want is to send some data from example.com to website.net and then setting a cookie based on that value. Thank you very much, and sorry for my English! Later edit: I am not used with this website. From the example.net I take a single value. On website.net I receive that value, I check if it's not already a cookie set, if it's not, I set it. On the same page, website.net, I use this cookie too.

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• object.valid? returns false but object.errors.full_messages is empty

  - by user549563

  Hello I'm confuse about objects that I can't save, simplified model is class Subscription < ActiveRecord::base belongs_to :user, :class_name => "User", :foreign_key => "user_id" has_many :transactions, :class_name => "SubscriptionTransaction" validates_presence_of :first_name, :message => "ne peut être vide" validates_presence_of :last_name, :message => "ne peut être vide" validates_presence_of :card_number, :message => "ne peut être vide" validates_presence_of :card_verification, :message => "ne peut être vide" validates_presence_of :card_type, :message => "ne peut être vide" validates_presence_of :card_expires_on, :message => "ne peut être vide" attr_accessor :card_number, :card_verification validate_on_create :validate_card def validate_card unless credit_card.valid? credit_card.errors.full_messages.each do |message| errors.add_to_base message end end end def credit_card @credit_card ||= ActiveMerchant::Billing::CreditCard.new( :type => card_type, :number => card_number, :verification_value => card_verification, :month => card_expires_on.month, :year => card_expires_on.year, :first_name => first_name, :last_name => last_name ) end end and in my subscription_controller if subscription.save # do something else debugger # means breakpoint where i try subscription.errors.full_messages # do something else end I tried to use ruby-debug for this adding a breakpoint before. And subscription.valid? return false which explains that ActiveRecord doesn't allow the save method. Unfortunately i can't know why the object is invalid. subscription.errors.full_messages # => [] I'm stucked, if you have any idea, thank you.

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• Prolog Beginner: How to make unique values for each Variable in a predicate.

  - by sixtyfootersdude

  I have a prolog predicate: DoStuff( [A|B] ) :- <Stuff that I do> ... </Stuff that I do> It is all done except it needs to do return unique values. Ie if you do: ?- DoStuff(A,B,C,D). it should return: A=1; B=2; C=3; D=4. (Or something similar, the key point is that all of the values are unique). However you should be able to do this too: ?- DoStuff(A,A,B,B). And still get a valid answer. Ie: A=1; B=2. How can I do this? What I was planning on doing was something like this: DoStuff( [A|B] ) :- <Stuff that I do> ... </Stuff that I do> unique([A|B]). unique([]). unique([A|B]) :- A is not B. However I think that will make DoStuff([A,A,B]) not work because not all values will be unique.

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• Javascript global object calls function?

  - by Troels

  Hello stackoverflow I have a very odd problem with javascript. My code is rather long so here is an example of the structure and the problem: var x = new function f() { this.id = ""; } function g(obj) { if (x.id == "") { ... obj.firstChild.setAttribute("onclick", "javascript:o();"); ... x.id = obj.id; } else if (x.id != obj.id) { ... x.id = ""; g(obj); } } function o() { ... if (something == something) { ... } else { ... x.id = ""; // if-statement of the g() function is called here? } } As you can see, the if-statement of the g() function is for some reason called or re-run upon x.id being changed. I simply cannot understand this, because they are not in the same scope, and changing a variable should under no circumstances trigger anything? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• c++ specialized overload?

  - by acidzombie24

  -edit- i am trying to close the question. i solved the problem with boost::is_base_and_derived In my class i want to do two things. 1) Copy int, floats and other normal values 2) Copy structs that supply a special copy function (template T copyAs(); } the struct MUST NOT return int's unless i explicitly say ints. I do not want the programmer mistaking the mistake by doing int a = thatClass; -edit- someone mention classes dont return anything, i mean using the operator Type() overload. How do i create my copy operator in such a way i can copy both 1) ints, floats etc and the the struct restricted in the way i mention in 2). i tried doing template <class T2> T operator = (const T2& v); which would cover my ints, floats etc. But how would it differentiate from structs? so i wrote T operator = (const SomeGenericBase& v); The idea was the GenericBase would be unsed instead then i can do v.Whatever. But that backfires bc the functions i want wouldnt exist, unless i use virtual, but virtual templates dont exist. Also i would hate to use virtual I think the solution is to get rid of ints and have it convert to something that can do .as(). So i wrote something up but now i have the same problem, how does that differentiate ints and structs that have the .as() function template?

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• Using custom detectors with FindBugs Maven plugin

  - by Lóránt Pintér

  I have a nice JAR of some custom FindBugs detectors I'd like to use with the FindBugs Maven plugin. There is a way to do this with the plugin via the <pluginList> configuration parameter, but that only accepts local files, URLs, or resources. The only way I found for doing so is to somehow copy my JAR to a local file (maybe via the Dependency plugin) and then configure the FindBugs plugin something like this: <plugin> <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId> <artifactId>findbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.1</version> <configuration> <pluginList>${project.build.directory}/my-detectors.jar</pluginList> </configuration> </plugin> But this is not very flexible. Is there a way to use Maven's dependency management features together with FindBugs' plugins? I'd like to use something like this: <plugin> <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId> <artifactId>findbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.lptr.findbugs</groupId> <artifactId>my-detectors</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </plugin> ...but this simply overrides the core FindBugs detectors.

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• Modify columns in a data frame in R more cleanly - maybe using with() or apply()?

  - by Mittenchops

  I understand the answer in R to repetitive things is usually "apply()" rather than loop. Is there a better R-design pattern for a nasty bit of code I create frequently? So, pulling tabular data from HTML, I usually need to change the data type, and end up running something like this, to convert the first column to date format (from decimal), and columns 2-4 from character strings with comma thousand separators like "2,400,000" to numeric "2400000." X[,1] <- decYY2YY(as.numeric(X[,1])) X[,2] <- as.numeric(gsub(",", "", X[,2])) X[,3] <- as.numeric(gsub(",", "", X[,3])) X[,4] <- as.numeric(gsub(",", "", X[,4])) I don't like that I have X[,number] repeated on both the left and ride sides here, or that I have basically the same statement repeated for 2-4. Is there a very R-style way of making X[,2] less repetitive but still loop-free? Something that sort of says "apply this to columns 2,3,4---a function that reassigns the current column to a modified version in place?" I don't want to create a whole, repeatable cleaning function, really, just a quick anonymous function that does this with less repetition.

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• C# Debug.Assert-s use the same error message. Should I promote it to a static variable?

  - by Hamish Grubijan

  I love Asserts but not code duplication, and in several places I use a Debug.Assert which checks for the same condition like so: Debug.Assert(kosherBaconList.SelectedIndex != -1, "An error message along the lines - you should not ever be able to click on edit button without selecting a kosher bacon first."); This is in response to an actual bug, although the actual list does not contain kosher bacon. Anyhow, I can think of two approaches: private static readonly mustSelectKosherBaconBeforeEditAssertMessage = "An error message along the lines - you should not ever be able to " + "click on edit button without selecting a something first."; ... Debug.Assert( kosherBaconList.SelectedIndex != -1, mustSelectKosherBaconBeforeEditAssertMessage) or: if (kosherBaconList.SelectedIndex == -1) { AssertMustSelectKosherBaconBeforeEdit(); } ... [Conditional("DEBUG")] private void AssertMustSelectKosherBaconBeforeEdit() { // Compiler will optimize away this variable. string errorMessage = "An error message along the lines - you should not ever be able to " + "click on edit button without selecting a something first."; Debug.Assert(false, errorMessage); } or is there a third way which sucks less than either one above? Please share. General helpful relevant tips are also welcome.

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• boost multi_index partial indexes

  - by Gokul

  Hi, I want to implement inside boost multi-index two sets of keys with same search criteria but different eviction criteria. Say i have two sets of data with same search condition, but one set needs a MRU(Most Recently Used) list of 100 and the other set requires a MRU of 200. Say the entry is like this class Student { int student_no; char sex; std::string address; }; The search criteria is student_no, but for sex='m', we need MRU of 200 and for sex='f', we need a MRU of 100. Now i have a solution where in i introduce a new ordered index to maintain ordering. For example the IndexSpecifierList will be something like this typedef multi_index_container< Student, indexed_by< ordered_unique< member<Student, int, &Student::student_no> >, ordered_unique< composite_key< member<Student, char, &Student::sex>, member<Student, int, &Student::sex_specific_student_counter> > > > > student_set Now everytime, i am inserting a new one, i have to take a equal_range for that using index 2 and remove the oldest one and if something is getting re-used, i have to update it by incrementing the counter. Is there a better solution to this kind of problem? Thanks, Gokul.

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• Is it necessary to var scope loop variables in CFScript?

  - by Mel

  When using CFML and CF9 I usually var scope my loop variables; in this case local.i, for example: <cfloop list="#this.list#" index="local.i"> <cfif Len(local.i) GT 10> // do something </cfif> </cfloop> I recently started converting some stuff into CFScript, and (to my disappointment I found out that there is no way to loop over a list in CFScript) I'm wondering if I should still var scope my loop variables, and how: for (i = 1; LTE ListLen(this.list); i = i + 1 ) { if (Len(ListGetAt(this.list, i) GT 10)) { // do something } } Should I be doing local.i = 1 and local.i = local.i + 1 istead of the sample code in my example? Is it necessary? EDIT: I should also ask if the CFScript form of my CFML loop is correct; I ask because I just noticed that my CFML loop uses a , (comma and space) for the delimiter argument, which seems non-existence in the CFScript version of the loop.

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• efficient thread-safe singleton in C++

  - by user168715

  The usual pattern for a singleton class is something like static Foo &getInst() { static Foo *inst = NULL; if(inst == NULL) inst = new Foo(...); return *inst; } However, it's my understanding that this solution is not thread-safe, since 1) Foo's constructor might be called more than once (which may or may not matter) and 2) inst may not be fully constructed before it is returned to a different thread. One solution is to wrap a mutex around the whole method, but then I'm paying for synchronization overhead long after I actually need it. An alternative is something like static Foo &getInst() { static Foo *inst = NULL; if(inst == NULL) { pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); if(inst == NULL) inst = new Foo(...); pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); } return *inst; } Is this the right way to do it, or are there any pitfalls I should be aware of? For instance, are there any static initialization order problems that might occur, i.e. is inst always guaranteed to be NULL the first time getInst is called?

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• "end()" iterator for back inserters?

  - by Thanatos

  For iterators such as those returned from std::back_inserter(), is there something that can be used as an "end" iterator? This seems a little nonsensical at first, but I have an API which is: template<typename InputIterator, typename OutputIterator> void foo( InputIterator input_begin, InputIterator input_end, OutputIterator output_begin, OutputIterator output_end ); foo performs some operation on the input sequence, generating an output sequence. (Who's length is known to foo but may or may not be equal to the input sequence's length.) The taking of the output_end parameter is the odd part: std::copy doesn't do this, for example, and assumes you're not going to pass it garbage. foo does it to provide range checking: if you pass a range too small, it throws an exception, in the name of defensive programming. (Instead of potentially overwriting random bits in memory.) Now, say I want to pass foo a back inserter, specifically one from a std::vector which has no limit outside of memory constraints. I still need a "end" iterator - in this case, something that will never compare equal. (Or, if I had a std::vector but with a restriction on length, perhaps it might sometimes compare equal?) How do I go about doing this? I do have the ability to change foo's API - is it better to not check the range, and instead provide an alternate means to get the required output range? (Which would be needed anyways for raw arrays, but not required for back inserters into a vector.) This would seem less robust, but I'm struggling to make the "robust" (above) work.

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• How to force my method to accept objects from external software?

  - by Roman

  I have a method which needs to take a callback object as an argument and then (at the moment when it's needed) my method will call a specific method of the callback object. I wrote a class called Manager which has a method called addListener. As the argument for this method I need to use a callback object which is defined by the external software. So, I define the addListener in the following way: public void addListener(Listener listener). Of course Eclipse complains because it does not know what Listener is (because the Listener is defined by the external software). The only think that I know (should know) about the Listener is that it has a method called doSomething. So, to pleasure Eclipse I add an interface before my Manager class: interface Listener { void doSomething(); } public class CTManager { ... The problem seems to be solved but then I try to test my software. So, I create a class called test. In this class I create an instance of the Manager class and try to use addListener method of this instance. I also create a class Listener, instantiate it and give the instance to the addListener. And it's the place where the problem appears. Eclipse writes that addListener is not applicable to the given argument. I think it's because it expect something from my Listenr interface but gets something from the Listener class. How can I solve this problem?

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• Script says Undefined

  - by user1058887

  I have this script that would let the user input a text and it would get translated into something else. It works only when the word has only 1 letter. When there is more than 1 letter it says Undefined. Here is the script : function copyit(theField) { var tempval=eval("document."+theField) tempval.focus() tempval.select() therange=tempval.createTextRange() therange.execCommand("Copy") } function results() { var behavior="form"; var text=document.csrAlpha.csrresult2.value; var ff22=text.toLowerCase(); var Words=new Array ; Words["b"]="Dadada"; Words["bob"]="Robert"; Words["flower"]="Banana"; Words["brad"]="Chair"; var trans=""; var regExp=/[\!@#$%^&*(),=";:\/]/; var stringCheck=regExp.exec(ff22); if(!stringCheck) { if(ff22.length > 0) { for(var i=0;i < ff22.length;i++) { var thisChar=ff22.charAt(i); trans += Words[thisChar] + " "; } } else { trans +="Please write something."; } } else { trans +="You entered invalid characters. Remove them and try again."; } document.csrAlpha.csrresult.value=trans; } Please insert your text below:

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• artisteer wp-theme metadata (date, category) lost

  - by Mattias Svensson

  I am going nuts over wordpress and artisteer. I am trying something that used to be pretty straightforward - turning on and off the display of date and post category for my posts on my blog page. I find this in content.php global $post; theme_post_wrapper( array( 'id' => theme_get_post_id(), 'class' => theme_get_post_class(), 'title' => theme_get_meta_option($post->ID, 'theme_show_page_title') ? get_the_title() : '', 'heading' => theme_get_option('theme_single_article_title_tag'), 'before' => theme_get_metadata_icons('date', 'header'), 'content' => theme_get_content() ) ); And the instruction says that all you got to do is insert or remove 'date' in the 'before' line. I've done it back and forth with my content files and nothing changes on the output. I can't find the actual code that prints it all, wordpress used to be so simple before everything was dug down 10 levels deep and you now have to look through millions of different functions to find the simplest things... As you can probably tell, I usually don't work with WP =) But this is on my table now and I haven't stayed up to date with WP for a couple of years... Any input as to where I can find the variables is appreciated... I had expected to at some point find 'posted at '.echo($date).' in category '.echo($category) or something at least remotely similar...

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• Better language or checking tool?

  - by rwallace

  This is primarily aimed at programmers who use unmanaged languages like C and C++ in preference to managed languages, forgoing some forms of error checking to obtain benefits like the ability to work in extremely resource constrained systems or the last increment of performance, though I would also be interested in answers from those who use managed languages. Which of the following would be of most value? A language that would optionally compile to CLR byte code or to machine code via C, and would provide things like optional array bounds checking, more support for memory management in environments where you can't use garbage collection, and faster compile times than typical C++ projects. (Think e.g. Ada or Eiffel with Python syntax.) A tool that would take existing C code and perform static analysis to look for things like potential null pointer dereferences and array overflows. (Think e.g. an open source equivalent to Coverity.) Something else I haven't thought of. Or put another way, when you're using C family languages, is the top of your wish list more expressiveness, better error checking or something else? The reason I'm asking is that I have a design and prototype parser for #1, and an outline design for #2, and I'm wondering which would be the better use of resources to work on after my current project is up and running; but I think the answers may be useful for other tools programmers also. (As usual with questions of this nature, if the answer you would give is already there, please upvote it.)

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• [C#] Dynamic user-interface, WPF or not?

  - by pieter.lowie

  Hi, I'm currently working at a application that helps people understand how to do there job. You can see it as a personal coach that guides them trough all the steps they need to do that no normal person could keep remembering. In my previous application we had the ability to show the user up to 4 pictures (what proves to be more then enough). The application would load the data and see how many pictures where in every instruction and then sort out the picture in the best fitting way without messing up the scale and resolution of the pictures. This all was done with GDI+ and worked very well. Ofc, change is something that always happens, my bosses came up with some great ideas. So they want to be able to see movies on the screen, animated gif's, 3D models that can rotate or animate. So I think we had pushed GDI+ to it's limits and it's time to look for something different. I have heard and readed about WPF but have no experience with it. Is it even possible to do all what I ask in WPF? And what about the old picture-merging thing I wrote, can we also get it done in wpf? I tried to make some things working but I didn't went as smooth as I hoped. I'm also concerned about the fact that the interface needs to be dynamic, the one moment it should be showing picture with some text above it, the other moment it should be showing another text with a video under it. I would love to hear some opinions here and if you got some other suggestions I should look into pls tell me. Thnx in advance PS: If WPF is the choice, should I convince my boss to change to .net 4.0?

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• Once an HTML document has a manifest (cache.manifest), how can you remove it?

  - by Michael F

  It seems that once you have a manifest entry, a la: <html manifest="cache.manifest"> Then that page (the master entry in the cache) will always be cached (at least by Safari) until the user does something to remove the cache, even if you later remove the manifest attribute from the html tag and update the manifest (by changing something within it), forcing the master entry to be reloaded along with everything else. In other words, if you have: index.html (with manifest defined) file1.js (referenced in manifest) file2.js (referenced in manifest) cache.manifest (lists the two js files) -- removing the manifest entry from index.html and modifying the manifest (so it gets expired by the browser and all content reloaded) will not stop this page from behaving as if it's still fully cached. If you view source on index.html you won't see the manifest listed anymore, but the browser will still request only the cache.manifest file, and unless that file's content is changed, no other changes to any files will be shown to the user. It seems like a pretty glaring bug, and it's present on iOS as well as Mac versions of Safari. Has anyone found a way of resetting the page and getting rid of the cache without requiring user intervention?

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• C++ STL Map vs Vector speed

  - by sub

  In the interpreter for my experimental programming language I have a symbol table. Each symbol consists of a name and a value (the value can be e.g.: of type string, int, function, etc.). At first I represented the table with a vector and iterated through the symbols checking if the given symbol name fitted. Then I though using a map, in my case map<string,symbol>, would be better than iterating through the vector all the time but: It's a bit hard to explain this part but I'll try. If a variable is retrieved the first time in a program in my language, of course its position in the symbol table has to be found (using vector now). If I would iterate through the vector every time the line gets executed (think of a loop), it would be terribly slow (as it currently is, nearly as slow as microsoft's batch). So I could use a map to retrieve the variable: SymbolTable[ myVar.Name ] But think of the following: If the variable, still using vector, is found the first time, I can store its exact integer position in the vector with it. That means: The next time it is needed, my interpreter knows that it has been "cached" and doesn't search the symbol table for it but does something like SymbolTable.at( myVar.CachedPosition ). Now my (rather hard?) question: Should I use a vector for the symbol table together with caching the position of the variable in the vector? Should I rather use a map? Why? How fast is the [] operator? Should I use something completely different?

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• How to store and locate multiple interface types within a Delphi TInterfaceList

  - by Brian Frost

  Hi, I'm storing small interfaces from a range of objects into a single TInterfaceList 'store' with the intention of offering list of specific interface types to the end user, so each interface will expose a 'GetName' function but all other methods are unique to that interface type. For example here are two interfaces: IBase = interface //---------------------------------------- function GetName : string; //---------------------------------------- end; IMeasureTemperature = interface(IBase) //------------------------------------ function MeasureTemperature : double; //---------------------------------------- end; IMeasureHumidity = interface(IBase) //---------------------------------------- function MeasureHumidity: double; //---------------------------------------- end; I put several of these interfaces into a single TInterfaceList and then I'd like to scan the list for a specific interface type (e.g. 'IMeasureTemperature') building another list of pointers to the objects exporting those interfaces. I wish to make no assumptions about the locations of those objects, some may export more than one type of interface. I know I could do this with a class hierarchy using something like: If FList[I] is TMeasureTemperature then .. but I'd like to do something simliar with an interface type, Is this possible?

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• Thread mutex behaviour

  - by Alberteddu

  Hi there, I'm learning C. I'm writing an application with multiple threads; I know that when a variable is shared between two or more threads, it is better to lock/unlock using a mutex to avoid deadlock and inconsistency of variables. This is very clear when I want to change or view one variable. int i = 0; /** Global */ static pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; /** Thread 1. */ pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); i++; pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); /** Thread 2. */ pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); i++; pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); This is correct, I think. The variable i, at the end of the executions, contains the integer 2. Anyway, there are some situations in which I don't know exactly where to put the two function calls. For example, suppose you have a function obtain(), which returns a global variable. I need to call that function from within the two threads. I have also two other threads that call the function set(), defined with a few arguments; this function will set the same global variable. The two functions are necessary when you need to do something before getting/setting the var. /** (0) */ /** Thread 1, or 2, or 3... */ if(obtain() == something) { if(obtain() == somethingElse) { // Do this, sometimes obtain() and sometimes set(random number) (1) } else { // Do that, just obtain(). (2) } } else { // Do this and do that (3) // If # of thread * 3 > 10, then set(3*10) For example. (4) } /** (5) */ Where I have to lock, and where I have to unlock? The situation can be, I think, even more complex. I will appreciate an exhaustive answer. Thank you in advance. —Alberto

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• Scalability 101: How can I design a scalable web application using PHP?

  - by Legend

  I am building a web-application and have a couple of quick questions. From what I learnt, one should not worry about scalability when initially building the app and should only start worrying when the traffic increases. However, this being my first web-application, I am not quite sure if I should take an approach where I design things in an ad-hoc manner and later "fix" them. I have been reading stories about how people start off with an app that gets millions of users in a week or two. Not that I will face the same situation but I can't help but wonder, how do these people do it? Currently, I bought a shared hosting account on Lunarpages and that got me started in building and testing the application. However, I am interested in learning how to build the same application in a scalable-manner using the cloud, for instance, Amazon's EC2. From my understanding, I can see a couple of components: There is a load balancer that first receives requests and then decides where to route each request This request is then handled by a server replica that then processes the request and updates (if required) the database and sends back the response to the client If a similar request comes in, then a caching mechanism like memcached kicks into picture and returns objects from the cache A blackbox that handles database replication Specifically, I am trying to do the following: Setting up a load balancer (my homework revealed that HAProxy is one such load balancer) Setting up replication so that databases can be synchronized Using memcached Configuring Apache to work with multiple web servers Partitioning application to use Amazon EC2 and Amazon S3 (my application is something that will need great deal of storage) Finally, how can I avoid burning myself when using Amazon services? Because this is just a learning phase, I can probably do with 2-3 servers with a simple load balancer and replication but until I want to avoid paying loads of money accidentally. I am able to find resources on individual topics but am unable to find something that starts off from the big picture. Can someone please help me get started?

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