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  • Java : Using parent class method to access child class variable

    - by Jayant
    I have the following scenario : public class A { private int x = 5; public void print() { System.out.println(x); } } public class B extends A { private int x = 10; /*public void print() { System.out.println(x); }*/ public static void main(String[] args) { B b = new B(); b.print(); } } On executing the code, the output is : 5. How to access the child class(B's) variable(x) via the parent class method? Could this be done without overriding the print() method (i.e. uncommenting it in B)? [This is important because on overriding we will have to rewrite the whole code for the print() method again]

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  • base pointer to derived class

    - by Jay
    Suppose there are Base class and Derived class. Base *A = new Base; Here A is a pointer point to Base class, and new constructs one that A points to. I also saw Base *B = new Derived; How to explain this? B is a pointer to Base Class, and a Derived class constructed and pointed by B? If there is a function derived from Base class, say, Virtual void f(), and it's been overridden in Derived class, then B->f() will invoke which version of the function? version in Base class, or version that overridden in Derived Class. What if there is a new function void g()in Derived, is B->g() going to invoke this function properly? One more is, is int *a = new double; or int *a = new int; legal?

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  • Similar Sub-Classes

    - by praks5432
    Lets say I have a class A that is fairly simple like this - public class A{ private int randomField = 0; protected int key; protected double dmg; } Now I want to write a number of sub-classes that inherit the protected fields and only differ based on the initial values that are assigned to those fields - for example, if I wrote two subclasses B and C, the only difference between those two sub-classes would be that the values key and dmg would have different values. They would share a method, set, which would be exactly the same, in that it would affect the same variable. I find when I'm writing these sub-classes I'm repeating myself, as I just change the constructor to set different initial values to key and dmg, and simply copy and paste the set method. Is there a 'good' way to do this?

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  • error - inherited class field undeclared according to g++

    - by infoholic_anonymous
    I have a code that has the following logic. g++ gives me the error that I have not declared n in my iterator2. What could be wrong? template <typename T> class List{ template <typename TT> class Node; Node<T> *head; /* (...) */ template <bool D> class iterator1{ protected: Node<T> n; public: iterator1( Node<T> *nn ) { n = nn } /* (...) */ }; template <bool D> class iterator2 : public iterator1<D>{ public: iterator2( Node<T> *nn ) : iterator1<D>( nn ) {} void fun( Node<T> *nn ) { n = nn; } /* (...) */ }; }; EDIT : I attach the actual header file. iterator1 would be iterable_frame and iterator2 - switchable_frame. #ifndef LST_H #define LST_H template <typename T> class List { public: template <typename TT> class Node; private: Node<T> *head; public: List() { head = new Node<T>; } ~List() { empty_list(); delete head; } List( const List &l ); inline bool is_empty() const { return head->next[0] == head; } void empty_list(); template <bool DIM> class iterable_frame { protected: Node<T> *head; Node<T> **caret; public: iterable_frame( const List &l ) { head = *(caret = &l.head); } iterable_frame( const iterable_frame &i ) { head = *(caret = i.caret); } ~iterable_frame() {} /* (...) - a few methods follow */ template <bool _DIM> friend class supervised_frame; }; template <bool DIM> class switchable_frame : public iterable_frame<DIM> { Node<T> *main_head; public: switchable_frame( const List& l ) : iterable_frame<DIM>(l) { main_head = head; } inline bool next_frame() { caret = &head->next[!DIM]; head = *caret; return head != main_head; } }; template <bool DIM> class supervised_frame { iterable_frame<DIM> sentinels; iterable_frame<DIM> cells; public: supervised_frame( const List &l ) : sentinels(l), cells(l) {} ~supervised_frame() {} /* (...) - a few methods follow */ }; template <typename TT> class Node { unsigned index[2]; TT num; Node<TT> *next[2]; public: Node( unsigned x = 0, unsigned y = 0 ) { index[0]=x; index[1]=y; next[0] = this; next[1] = this; } Node( unsigned x, unsigned y, TT d ) { index[0]=x; index[1]=y; num=d; next[0] = this; next[1] = this; } Node( const Node &n ) { index[0] = n.index[0]; index[1] = n.index[1]; num = n.num; next[0] = next[1] = this; } ~Node() {} friend class List; }; }; #include "List.cpp" #endif the exact error log is the following: In file included from main.cpp:1: List.h: In member function ‘bool List<T>::switchable_frame<DIM>::next_frame()’: List.h:77: error: ‘caret’ was not declared in this scope

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  • Friendly way to override `const`-overloaded member function?

    - by xtofl
    Given a base class class A { int i; public: int& f(){ return i;} const int& f() const { return i;} }; And a sub class class ConstA : private A { public: const int& f() const { return A::f(); } }; Is there a wrist-friendly way to access the ConstA::f method on a non-const variable? ConstA ca; int i = ca.f(); // compile error: int& A::f() is not accessible since A is privately inherited int j = static_cast<const ConstA&>(ca).f(); // this works, but it hurts a little... Or is it so ugly since hiding A::f generally is a bad idea, violating the Liskov Substitution Principle: any subclass of A must at least be capable of all A's functionality? void set( A& a, int i ) { a.f() = i; } class ConstA2 : public A { private: int& f(){ return A::f(); } }; ConstA2 ca2; set( ca2, 1 ); (Note: this question popped up while thinking about this question)

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  • How to access base (super) class in Delphi?

    - by Niyoko Yuliawan
    In C# i can access base class by base keyword, and in java i can access it by super keyword. How to do that in delphi? suppose I have following code: type TForm3 = class(TForm) private procedure _setCaption(Value:String); public property Caption:string write _setCaption; //adding override here gives error end; implementation procedure TForm3._setCaption(Value: String); begin Self.Caption := Value; //it gives stack overflow end;

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  • Remove .img css from prepended div

    - by Ivan Schrecklich
    OK as the title says I've got a div which is prepended and dynamically loaded. The problem I have is that I can't split the css on this one as it parses also whole strings. The usage is like that: I've got a @username somewhere in the string. If the user hovers it a div with informations will get prepended to the current username. Now there is the problem that I've allowed users to post images in this text also. As the autolinker is flexible it doesn't know the image sizes and restrictions and I want to leave it like that! So I define css classes which look like that: .minpost img{ max-height: 30px; max-width: 30px; } Of course I don't need to mention that this attribute is also inherited by the prepended div. And that I don't want to! nifty little tricks like !important won't work for me. So I am asking you guys. If you need further informations just ask?!

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  • Use of .apply() with 'new' operator. Is this possible?

    - by Premasagar
    In JavaScript, I want to create an object instance (via the new operator), but pass an arbitrary number of arguments to the constructor. Is this possible? What I want to do is something like this (but the code below does not work): function Something(){ // init stuff } function createSomething(){ return new Something.apply(null, arguments); } var s = createSomething(a,b,c); // 's' is an instance of Something The Answer From the responses here, it became clear that there's no in-built way to call .apply() with the new operator. However, people suggested a number of really interesting solutions to the problem. My preferred solution was this one from Matthew Crumley (I've modified it to pass the arguments property): var createSomething = (function() { function F(args) { return Something.apply(this, args); } F.prototype = Something.prototype; return function() { return new F(arguments); } })();

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  • Is context inheritance, as shown by Head First Design Patterns' Duck example, irrelevant to strategy pattern?

    - by Korey Hinton
    In Head First Design Patterns it teaches the strategy pattern by using a Duck example where different subclasses of Duck can be assigned a particular behavior at runtime. From my understanding the purpose of the strategy pattern is to change an object's behavior at runtime. Emphasis on "an" meaning one. Could I further simplify this example by just having a Duck class (no derived classes)? Then when implementing one duck object it can be assigned different behaviors based on certain circumstances that aren't dependent on its own object type. For example: FlyBehavior changes based on the weather or QuackBehavior changes based on the time of day or how hungry a duck is. Would my example above constitute the strategy pattern as well? Is context inheritance (Duck) irrelevant to the strategy pattern or is that the reason for the strategy pattern? Here is the UML diagram from the Head First book:

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  • An alternative to multiple inheritance when creating an abstraction layer?

    - by sebf
    In my project I am creating an abstraction layer for some APIs. The purpose of the layer is to make multi-platform easier, and also to simplify the APIs to the feature set that I need while also providing some functionality, the implementation of which will be unique to each platform. At the moment, I have implemented it by defining and abstract class, which has methods which creates objects that implement interfaces. The abstract class and these interfaces define the capabilities of my abstraction layer. The implementation of these in my layer should of course be arbitrary from the POV view of my application, but I have done it, for my first API, by creating chains of subclasses which add more specific functionality as the features of the APIs they expose become less generic. An example would probably demonstrate this better: //The interface as seen by the application interface IGenericResource { byte[] GetSomeData(); } interface ISpecificResourceOne : IGenericResource { int SomePropertyOfResourceOne {get;} } interface ISpecificResourceTwo : IGenericResource { string SomePropertyOfResourceTwo {get;} } public abstract class MyLayer { ISpecificResourceOne CreateResourceOne(); ISpecificResourceTwo CreateResourceTwo(); void UseResourceOne(ISpecificResourceOne one); void UseResourceTwo(ISpecificResourceTwo two); } //The layer as created in my library public class LowLevelResource : IGenericResource { byte[] GetSomeData() {} } public class ResourceOne : LowLevelResource, ISpecificResourceOne { int SomePropertyOfResourceOne {get{}} } public class ResourceTwo : ResourceOne, ISpecificResourceTwo { string SomePropertyOfResourceTwo {get {}} } public partial class Implementation : MyLayer { override UseResourceOne(ISpecificResourceOne one) { DoStuff((ResourceOne)one); } } As can be seen, I am essentially trying to have two inheritance chains on the same object, but of course I can't do this so I simulate the second version with interfaces. The thing is though, I don't like using interfaces for this; it seems wrong, in my mind an interface defines a contract, any class that implements that interface should be able to be used where that interface is used but here that is clearly not the case because the interfaces are being used to allow an object from the layer to masquerade as something else, without the application needing to have access to its definition. What technique would allow me to define a comprehensive, intuitive collection of objects for an abstraction layer, while their implementation remains independent? (Language is C#)

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  • Moq - How to mock a function call on a concrete object?

    - by dferraro
    Hello, How can I do this in Moq? Foo bar = new Foo(); Fake(bar.PrivateGetter).Return('whatever value') It seems I can only find how to mock an object that was created via the framework. I want to mock just a single method/property on a concrete object I've created... In TypeMock, I would just do Isolate.WhenCalled(bar.PrivateGetter).Returns('whatever value').. Any ideas?

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  • What are the benefits of prototypal inheritance over classical?

    - by Pierreten
    So I finally stopped dragging my feet all these years and decided to learn JavaScript "properly". One of the most head-scratching elements of the languages design is it's implementation of inheritance. Having experience in Ruby, I was really happy to see closures and dynamic typing; but for the life of me can't figure out what benefits are to be had from object instances using other instances for inheritance.

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  • Can somebody link me to some code where there is a fantastic or a nice use of Inheritance

    - by Soham
    I strongly believe that, reading code and reading good code is key to great programming. If not one of the many. I had been facing some problems in visualizing and having a "feel" of using inheritance to better my code architecture. Can somebody give me some link to good code to emulate, where folks have used inheritance in an absolute "kung-fooey ruthless" manner [in a good way]

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  • Is there anyway to stop automatic DataContext inheritance in Silverlight?

    - by Ant
    Is there anyway to stop automatic DataContext inheritance in Silverlight? I Set my DataContext on my parent UserControl in code. As a result all the xaml bindings inside the UserControl try to bind to the new DataConext they get (through the automatic DataContext Inheritance). The DataContext's for the children elements (actually they are children of children of children) of the UserControl is something I need to set in the UserControl's code... I don't want them being all smart because they end up binding to the wrong data object! :-)

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  • Using StructureMap, when a default concrete type is defined in one registry, can it be redefined in

    - by Mark Rogers
    In the project I'm working on I have a StructureMap registry for the main web project and another registry for my integration tests. During some of the tests I wire up the web project's registry, so that I can get objects out of the container for testing. In one case I want to be able to replace a default concrete type from the web registry with one in the test registry. Is this possible? How do you do it?

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  • How do I create self-relationships in polymorphic inheritance in Elixir and Pylons?

    - by Turukawa
    I am new to programming and am following the example in the Pylons documentation on creating a Wiki. The database I want to link to the wiki was created with Elixir so I rewrote the Wiki database schema and have continued from there. In the wiki there is a requirement for a Navigation table which is inherited by Pages and Sections. A section can have many pages, while a page can only have one section. In addition, each sibling node can be chain-referenced to each other. So: Nav has "section" (OneToMany) and "before" (OneToOne - to reference preceeding node) Page has "section" (ManyToOne - many pages in one section) and inherits "before" Section inherits all from Nav The code I've written looks like this: class Nav(Entity): using_options(inheritance='multi') name = Field(Unicode(30), default=u'Untitled Node') path = Field(Unicode(255), default=u'') section = OneToMany('Page', inverse='section') after = OneToOne('Nav', inverse='before') before = OneToMany('Nav', inverse='after') class Page(Nav): using_options(inheritance='multi') content = Field(UnicodeText, nullable=False) posted = Field(DateTime, default=now()) title = Field(Unicode(255), default=u'Untitled Page') heading = Field(Unicode(255)) tags = ManyToMany('Tag') comments = OneToMany('Comment') section = ManyToOne('Nav', inverse='section') class Section(Nav): using_options(inheritance='multi') Errors received on this: sqlalchemy.exc.OperationalError: (OperationalError) table nav has no column named aftr_id u'INSERT INTO nav (name, path, aftr_id, row_type) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)' I've also tried: before = ManyToMany('Nav', inverse='before') on Nav in the hopes this might break the problem, but also not. The original SQLAlchemy code from the tutorial for these declarations is as follows: nav_table = schema.Table('nav', meta.metadata, schema.Column('id', types.Integer(), schema.Sequence('nav_id_seq', optional=True), primary_key=True), schema.Column('name', types.Unicode(255), default=u'Untitled Node'), schema.Column('path', types.Unicode(255), default=u''), schema.Column('section', types.Integer(), schema.ForeignKey('nav.id')), schema.Column('before', types.Integer(), default=None), schema.Column('type', types.String(30), nullable=False) ) page_table = schema.Table('page', meta.metadata, schema.Column('id', types.Integer, schema.ForeignKey('nav.id'), primary_key=True), schema.Column('content', types.Text(), nullable=False), schema.Column('posted', types.DateTime(), default=now), schema.Column('title', types.Unicode(255), default=u'Untitled Page'), schema.Column('heading', types.Unicode(255)), ) section_table = sa.Table('section', meta.metadata, schema.Column('id', types.Integer, schema.ForeignKey('nav.id'), primary_key=True), ) orm.mapper(Nav, nav_table, polymorphic_on=nav_table.c.type, polymorphic_identity='nav') orm.mapper(Section, section_table, inherits=Nav, polymorphic_identity='section') orm.mapper(Page, page_table, inherits=Nav, polymorphic_identity='page', properties={ 'comments':orm.relation(Comment, backref='page', cascade='all'), 'tags':orm.relation(Tag, secondary=pagetag_table) }) Any help is much appreciated.

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  • How to serialize a collection of base type and see the concrete types in easy to read XML

    - by Jason Coyne
    I have a List which is populated with objects of various concrete types which subclass BaseType I am using the WCF DataContractSerializer <Children> <BaseType xmlns:d3p1="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/Tasks" i:type="d3p1:ConcreteTypeA"></BaseType> <BaseType xmlns:d3p1="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/Tasks" i:type="d3p1:ConcreteTypeB"></BaseType> </Children> Is there any way to get this to generate <Children> <ConcreteTypeA/> <ConcreteTypeB/> </Children> ? The real goal is to let users generate some XML to load into memory, and the users are of a skill level that asking them for the original XML is not going to be successful.

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  • multiple inheritence in OOPS

    - by user145610
    Hi, Im confused about OOPS feature esp about multiple inheritance. Is OOPS allows Multiple Inheritance. Is Multiple Inheritance is a feature of OOPS. If Multiple Inheritance is feature then languages like C#,VB.NET,java etc doesn't support multiple inheritance.But those languages are considered as strongly supported OOPS language. Can anyone address this question

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  • How to limit network usage for concrete application in linux that is running in it?

    - by B14D3
    I'm looking for something like nice for cpu, but for network usage that will limit application network consumption to level that will configure. I have problems with xapian-replicate-server that is consuming 80 % of my network. It's causing mysql connections problem (mysql server is working on this machine too). I can't move xapian or mysql to other machine so i need to limit xapian network usage to a decent level. Is there any tool that will help me do this ?

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  • Is it possible to apply inheritance to a Singleton class?

    - by Bragaadeesh
    Hi, Today I faced one question in interview. Is it possible to apply inheritance concept on Singleton Classes. I said since the constructor is private, we cannot extend that Singleton class (can someone please validate this). Next thing he asked me is to apply inheritance on that Singleton class. So, I made the Singleton's constructor as protected thinking that child's constructor also has be protected. But I was wrong the child can have a modifier either equal to or higher than that. So, I asked him to give a real world example on such a case. He was not able to give me one and said that I cant ask questions and wanted me to tell whether this scenario is possible or not. I went kind of blank. My question here is, Is this possible? Even if its possible, what is the use of it? What real world scenario would demand such a use. Thanks

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  • How to verify the Liskov substitution principle in an inheritance hierarchy?

    - by Songo
    Inspired by this answer: Liskov Substitution Principle requires that Preconditions cannot be strengthened in a subtype. Postconditions cannot be weakened in a subtype. Invariants of the supertype must be preserved in a subtype. History constraint (the "history rule"). Objects are regarded as being modifiable only through their methods (encapsulation). Since subtypes may introduce methods that are not present in the supertype, the introduction of these methods may allow state changes in the subtype that are not permissible in the supertype. The history constraint prohibits this. I was hoping if someone would post a class hierarchy that violates these 4 points and how to solve them accordingly. I'm looking for an elaborate explanation for educational purposes on how to identify each of the 4 points in the hierarchy and the best way to fix it. Note: I was hoping to post a code sample for people to work on, but the question itself is about how to identify the faulty hierarchies :)

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  • Architecting persistence (and other internal systems). Interfaces, composition, pure inheritance or centralization?

    - by Vandell
    Suppose that you need to implement persistence, I think that you're generally limited to four options (correct me if I'm wrong, please) Each persistant class: Should implement an interface (IPersistent) Contains a 'persist-me' object that is a specialized object (or class) that's made only to be used the class that contains it. Inherit from Persistent (a base class) Or you can create a gigantic class (or package) called Database and make your persistence logic there. What are the advantages and problems that can come from each of one? In a small (5kloc) and algorithmically (or organisationally) simple app what is probably the best option?

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  • Should I remove all inheritance from my model in order to work with ria services?

    - by TimothyP
    I've posted some questions on this before, but it's different. So consider a small portion of our model: Person Customer Employee Spouse Person is the base class which has 3 classes that inherit from it. These 4 are very central in our design and link to many other entities. I could solve all the problems I'm experiencing with ria-services by removing the inheritance but that would really increase the complexety of the model. The first problem I experienced was that I couldn't query for Customers, Employees or Spouses, but someone gave me a solution, which was to add something like this to the DomainService: public IQueryable<Employee> GetEmployees() { return this.ObjectContext.People.OfType<Employee>(); } public IQueryable<Customer> GetCustomers() { return this.ObjectContext.People.OfType<Customer>(); } public IQueryable<Spouse> GetSpouses() { return this.ObjectContext.People.OfType<Spouse>(); } Next I tried something that seemed very normal to me: var employee = new Employee() { //.... left out to reduce the length of this question }; var spouse = new Spouse() { //.... left out to reduce the length of this questions }; employee.Spouse = spouse; context.People.Add(spouse); context.People.Add(employee); context.SubmitChanges(); Then I get the following exception: Cannot retrieve an entity set for the derived entity type 'Spouse'. Use EntityContainer.GetEntitySet(Type) to get the entity set for the base entity type 'Person'. Even when the spouse is already in the database, and I retreive it first I get similar exceptions. Also note that for some reason in some places "Persons" is used instead of "People"... So how do I solve this problem, what am I doing wrong and will I keep running into walls when using ria services with inheritance? I found some references on the web, all saying it works and then some DomainService code in which they suposedly changed something but no details... I'm using VS2010 RC1 + Silveright 4

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  • Using Alias in Apache ONLY if local directory not present?

    - by Andrew E.
    Hey all, We're running a reseller web host, and aliasing a particular directory for ALL the sites within. This is all happening through WHM/Cpanel, which could possibly complicate my question. We want all hosts to run their "/concrete" directory through a shared location on the server. This is working fine by adding "Alias /concrete/ "/usr/local/share/concrete5/concrete-latest/concrete/" to the apache include editor in WHM. However, if a local concrete/ directory exists within the particular webroot of the virtual host, we'd rather use that than "/concrete" globally. It would also be nice if we could make this alias change in the context of the virtual host, within WHM (and I haven't found a great way to modify virtual host sections in WHM without hacking a file that I don't believe we're supposed to hack.) Thoughts?

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