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  • Block SMTP connections from mail domains which don't themselves accept SMTP connection.

    - by bignose
    I'm administrating a mail service for a small business. Their mail host's internet connection is an ADSL service with a permanent IP address. Unfortunately, many misconfigured mail systems will happily deliver to this host, but, when the host attempts to send mail back (e.g. a bounce notice, or a normal response from someone), the original sender refuses to receive connections from this host. That misconfiguration makes their system a one-way mail sender, which is a problem. How can I configure Postfix on this customer's mail host to refuse SMTP sessions that declare a sender domain which itself refuses SMTP from this host? That is, if the SMTP client declares a domain that we can't make SMTP connections back to, then there's not much point accepting the incoming connection in the first place. I'm imagining a late check (after the low-cost checks to winnow most of the rubbish connections) that keeps the client on the other end while it attempts an SMTP client connection back to the declared domain of the sender. If that connection is rejected, the incoming one is also rejected. I'm also open to other suggestions for how this problem might be addressed (short of not using this mail host at all, which isn't an option).

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  • How to Set Up an SMTP Submission Server on Linux

    - by Kevin Cox
    I was trying to set up a mail server with no luck. I want it to accept mail from authenticated users only and deliver them. I want the users to be able to connect over the internet. Ideally the mail server wouldn't accept any incoming mail. Essentially I want it to accept messages on a receiving port and transfer them to the intended recipient out port 25. If anyone has some good links and guides that would be awesome. I am quite familiar with linux but have never played around with MTA's and am currently running debian 6. More Specific Problem! Sorry, that was general and postfix is complex. I am having trouble enabling the submission port with encryption and authentication. What Works: Sending mail from the local machine. (sendmail [email protected]). Ports are open. (25 and 587) Connecting to 587 appears to work, I get a "need to starttls" warning and starttls appears to work. But when I try to connect with the next command I get the error below. # openssl s_client -connect localhost:587 -starttls smtp CONNECTED(00000003) depth=0 /CN=localhost.localdomain verify error:num=18:self signed certificate verify return:1 depth=0 /CN=localhost.localdomain verify return:1 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/CN=localhost.localdomain i:/CN=localhost.localdomain --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIICvDCCAaQCCQCYHnCzLRUoMTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADAgMR4wHAYDVQQDExVs b2NhbGhvc3QubG9jYWxkb21haW4wHhcNMTIwMjE3MTMxOTA1WhcNMjIwMjE0MTMx OTA1WjAgMR4wHAYDVQQDExVsb2NhbGhvc3QubG9jYWxkb21haW4wggEiMA0GCSqG SIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDEFA/S6VhJihP6OGYrhEtL+SchWxPZGbgb VkgNJ6xK2dhR7hZXKcDtNddL3uf1YYWF76efS5oJPPjLb33NbHBb9imuD8PoynXN isz1oQEbzPE/07VC4srbsNIN92lldbRruDfjDrAbC/H+FBSUA2ImHvzc3xhIjdsb AbHasG1XBm8SkYULVedaD7I7YbnloCx0sTQgCM0Vjx29TXxPrpkcl6usjcQfZHqY ozg8X48Xm7F9CDip35Q+WwfZ6AcEkq9rJUOoZWrLWVcKusuYPCtUb6MdsZEH13IQ rA0+x8fUI3S0fW5xWWG0b4c5IxuM+eXz05DvB7mLyd+2+RwDAx2LAgMBAAEwDQYJ KoZIhvcNAQEFBQADggEBAAj1ib4lX28FhYdWv/RsHoGGFqf933SDipffBPM6Wlr0 jUn7wler7ilP65WVlTxDW+8PhdBmOrLUr0DO470AAS5uUOjdsPgGO+7VE/4/BN+/ naXVDzIcwyaiLbODIdG2s363V7gzibIuKUqOJ7oRLkwtxubt4D0CQN/7GNFY8cL2 in6FrYGDMNY+ve1tqPkukqQnes3DCeEo0+2KMGuwaJRQK3Es9WHotyrjrecPY170 dhDiLz4XaHU7xZwArAhMq/fay87liHvXR860tWq30oSb5DHQf4EloCQK4eJZQtFT B3xUDu7eFuCeXxjm4294YIPoWl5pbrP9vzLYAH+8ufE= -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/CN=localhost.localdomain issuer=/CN=localhost.localdomain --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 1605 bytes and written 354 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Server public key is 2048 bit Secure Renegotiation IS supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Session-ID: E07926641A5EF22B15EB1D0E03FFF75588AB6464702CF4DC2166FFDAC1CA73E2 Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: 454E8D5D40380DB3A73336775D6911B3DA289E4A1C9587DDC168EC09C2C3457CB30321E44CAD6AE65A66BAE9F33959A9 Key-Arg : None Start Time: 1349059796 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 18 (self signed certificate) --- 250 DSN read:errno=0 If I try to connect from evolution I get the following error: The reported error was "HELO command failed: TCP connection reset by peer".

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  • How do I setup a secondary incoming mail server?

    - by abrahamvegh
    I currently have a server running Debian 6, with postfix and dovecot handling email. This server hosts email for a number of domains and users, so I use MySQL as my backing store for users and forwardings and everything related. Currently, this server is the only server listed in an MX record for all of the domains it serves. I would like to create a secondary server that would be listed in the DNS with a lower priority (e.g. current primary server is priority 5, secondary would be priority 10), so that in the event that I need to reboot the primary server, or otherwise make it unavailable, the secondary server would receive email, and hold it until the primary server came back up, at which point it would deliver any held email to the primary server. I do not need the secondary server to function as a backup sending server. Users would never need to see the secondary server, they would simply not lose incoming emails if the primary server is down, and they would be unable to send or receive until the primary came back up. How would I go about doing this? I would like to use the same software if they can handle this task, because I’m already familiar with managing them.

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  • what is this operator called and what is it used for <=>

    - by Scott
    I recently came across this magical operator when digging into Groovy: <= Groovy has really made me happy with elvis operators ?. and ?: which I use constantly now and very much wish were in Java. With this new operator, I have only found this reference. It seems to make comparators much easier. My question is how does it handle null values and how does it compare non Comparable object. Does this operator have a name, I couldn't find it Googling.

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  • Abstract class and operator!= in c++

    - by Alessandro Teruzzi
    Hi All, I have problem implementing the operator!= in a set class deriving from an abstact one. The code looks like this: class Abstract { public: //to make the syntax easier let's use a raw pointer virtual bool operator!=(const Abstract* other) = 0; }; class Implementation { SomeObject impl_; //that already implement the operator!= public: bool operator!=(const Abstract* other) { return dynamic_cast<Implementation*>(other)->impl_ != this->impl_; } }; This code works but it has the drawback to use dynamic_cast and I need to handle error in casting operation. This is a generic problem that occur when a function of a concrete class it is trying to using some internal information (not available at the abstract class level) to perform a task. Is there any better way to solve this kind of problem? Cheers

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  • =?UTF-8?B??= in Emails sent via php mail problem

    - by Camran
    I have a website, and in the "Contact" section I have a form which users may fill in to contact me. The form is a simple form which action is a php page. The php code: $to = "[email protected]"; $name=$_POST['name']; // sender name $email=$_POST['email']; // sender email $tel= $_POST['tel']; // sender tel $subject=$_POST['subject']; // subject CHOSEN FROM DROPLIST, ALL TESTED $text=$_POST['text']; // Message from sender $text.="\n\nTel:".$tel; // Added to message to show me the telephone nr to the sender at bottom of message $headers="MIME-Version: 1.0"."\n"; $headers.="Content-type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8"."\n"; $headers.="From: $name <$email>"."\n"; mail($to, '=?UTF-8?B?'.base64_encode($subject).'?=', $text, $headers, '[email protected]'); Could somebody please tell me why this works most of the time, but sometimes I receive email whith no text and the subject line showing =?UTF-8?B??= I use outlook express, and I have read this http://stackoverflow.com/questions/454833/system-net-mail-and-utf-8bxxxxx-headers but it didn't help. The problem is not in Outlook, because when I log in to the actual mailprogram where I fetch the POP3 emails from, the email looks the same. When I right click in Outlook and chose "message source" then there is no "From" information. Ex, a good message should look like this: Subject: =?UTF-8?B?w5Z2cmlndA==?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 From: John Doe However, the ones with problem looks like this: Subject: =?UTF-8?B??= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 From: As if the information has been lost somewhere. You should know also that I have a VPS, which I manage myself. I use postfix as an emailserver, if thats got anything to do with it. But then again, why does it work sometimes? Also another thing that I have noticed is that sometimes special characters are not shown correctly (by both Outlook and the webmail). For instance, the name "Björkman" in swedish is shown like Björkman, but again, only sometimes. I hope anybody knows something about this problem, because it is very hard to track down for me atleast. If you need more input let me know.

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  • Can't get Postfix Admin to use Dovecot password hashing

    - by Paul
    I'm setting up Postfix Admin 2.91 and trying to use dovecot:SHA512-CRYPT for password hashing. In config.inc.php I have set: // dovecot:CRYPT-METHOD = use dovecotpw -s 'CRYPT-METHOD'. Example: dovecot:CRAM-MD5 // (WARNING: don't use dovecot:* methods that include the username in the hash - you won't be able to login to PostfixAdmin in this case) $CONF['encrypt'] = 'dovecot:SHA512-CRYPT'; // If you use the dovecot encryption method: where is the dovecotpw binary located? // for dovecot 1.x // $CONF['dovecotpw'] = "/usr/sbin/dovecotpw"; // for dovecot 2.x (dovecot 2.0.0 - 2.0.7 is not supported!) $CONF['dovecotpw'] = "/usr/sbin/doveadm pw"; I have also tried SHA256-CRYPT and MD5-CRYPT with same results (as I understand it, these do not include usernames in the hash) In running setup.php, I get the following message when trying to create an admin account: can't encrypt password with dovecotpw, see error log for details Server error log reports: 1624#0: *6 FastCGI sent in stderr: "PHP message: dovecotpw password encryption failed. PHP message: STDERR output: sh: 1: /usr/sbin/doveadm: not found" while reading response header from upstream <...> upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock:" <...> A couple quick checks: # ll /usr/sbin/doveadm -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 423264 Feb 13 23:23 /usr/bin/doveadm* # doveadm pw -l CRYPT MD5 MD5-CRYPT SHA SHA1 SHA256 SHA512 SMD5 SSHA SSHA256 SSHA512 PLAIN CLEAR CLEARTEXT PLAIN-TRUNC CRAM-MD5 SCRAM-SHA-1 HMAC-MD5 DIGEST-MD5 PLAIN-MD4 PLAIN-MD5 LDAP-MD5 LANMAN NTLM OTP SKEY RPA SHA256-CRYPT SHA512-CRYPT # doveadmin pw -s SHA512-CRYPT Enter new password: Retype new password: {SHA512-CRYPT}$6$<long string here>/ Using Dovecot 2.2, PHP 5.5, MariaDB 10, Postfix 2.11, nginx 1.6.0, Ubuntu 12.04.

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  • can't get php mail() working on Ubuntu desktop version with sendmail and postfix

    - by EricP
    I'm running Ubuntu 9.10 LAMP and trying to do a simple email test with PHP and I'm not getting any emails sent. mail("[email protected]", "eric-linux test", "test") or die("can't send mail"); I get no errors from PHP when running that script. In my php.ini file is: sendmail_path = /usr/lib/sendmail -t -i $ sudo ps aux | grep sendmail eric 2486 0.0 0.4 8368 2344 pts/0 T 14:52 0:00 sendmail -s “Hello world” [email protected] eric 8747 0.0 0.3 5692 1616 pts/2 T 16:18 0:00 sendmail eric 8749 0.0 0.3 5692 1636 pts/2 T 16:18 0:00 sendmail start eric 9190 0.0 0.3 5692 1636 pts/2 T 19:12 0:00 sendmail start eric 9192 0.0 0.3 5692 1616 pts/2 T 19:12 0:00 sendmail eric 9425 0.0 0.3 5692 1620 pts/1 T 19:37 0:00 sendmail eric 9427 0.0 0.3 6584 1636 pts/1 T 19:37 0:00 sendmail restart eric 9429 0.0 0.3 5692 1636 pts/1 T 19:38 0:00 /usr/lib/sendmail restart eric 9432 0.0 0.1 3040 804 pts/1 R+ 19:38 0:00 grep --color=auto sendmail When I run $ sendmail start it just hangs there doing nothing. I installed postfix also to see if it would help, but it didn't. I tried to see port 25: eric@eric-linux:~$ telnet localhost 25 Trying ::1... Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. 220 eric-linux ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu) thanks

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  • Postfix character encoding?

    - by Anonymous12345
    I use Postfix as a mailserver. I have Ubuntu OS. Then I use PHP to send emails. Problem is that none of my emails are encoded properly by a mailsoftware which my VPS provider uses. According to them, the problem lies with me. It is only the name field which isn't encoded properly. For example "Björn" becomes "Björn" in my emails. However, when I echo the $name, it outputs "Björn" which is correct. Also, gmail and hotmail does show it correctly. The strange part is that the "text" (the message itself) is encoded properly. I use the following for sending mail: $headers="MIME-Version: 1.0"."\n"; $headers.="Content-type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8"."\n"; $headers.="From: $name <$email>"."\n"; $name= iconv(mb_detect_encoding($name), "UTF-8//IGNORE//TRANSLIT", $name); //// I HAVE TRIED WITH AND WITHOUT THE LINE ABOVE, NO DIFFERENCE mail($to, '=?UTF-8?B?'.base64_encode($subject).'?=', $text, $headers, '[email protected]'); I have tried with and without the iconv line also, no luck. The last thing I can think of is POSTFIX, could there be a setting for character encoding there? Anybody knows?

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  • can't get php mail() working on Ubuntu desktop version with sendmail and postfix

    - by user36428
    I'm running Ubuntu 9.10 LAMP and trying to do a simple email test with PHP and I'm not getting any emails sent. mail("[email protected]", "eric-linux test", "test") or die("can't send mail"); I get no errors from PHP when running that script. In my php.ini file is: sendmail_path = /usr/lib/sendmail -t -i $ sudo ps aux | grep sendmail eric 2486 0.0 0.4 8368 2344 pts/0 T 14:52 0:00 sendmail -s “Hello world” [email protected] eric 8747 0.0 0.3 5692 1616 pts/2 T 16:18 0:00 sendmail eric 8749 0.0 0.3 5692 1636 pts/2 T 16:18 0:00 sendmail start eric 9190 0.0 0.3 5692 1636 pts/2 T 19:12 0:00 sendmail start eric 9192 0.0 0.3 5692 1616 pts/2 T 19:12 0:00 sendmail eric 9425 0.0 0.3 5692 1620 pts/1 T 19:37 0:00 sendmail eric 9427 0.0 0.3 6584 1636 pts/1 T 19:37 0:00 sendmail restart eric 9429 0.0 0.3 5692 1636 pts/1 T 19:38 0:00 /usr/lib/sendmail restart eric 9432 0.0 0.1 3040 804 pts/1 R+ 19:38 0:00 grep --color=auto sendmail When I run $ sendmail start it just hangs there doing nothing. I installed postfix also to see if it would help, but it didn't. I tried to see port 25: eric@eric-linux:~$ telnet localhost 25 Trying ::1... Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. 220 eric-linux ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu) thanks

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  • Archiving mails with postfix: how to filter mails?

    - by Tronic
    i wanto to implement the following scenario: we use a postfix mailserver. to archive all old and new mails, i want to setup a second postfix on our fileserver and create a single mailbox "archive". then every mail gets forwarded as bcc to this mailbox automatically. now, i want to create different folders in a maildir structure and let the server move each mail to the right subfolder of the mailbox based on its sender or receiver. e.g. when we get a mail to one of our employees named "John Doe" at [email protected], the mail should be moved to "Inbox/John Doe Incoming". the same applies when john doe sends a mail, folder would be "Inbox/John Doe Outgoing". how can i implement this filter behaviour. i heard of Procmail and Maildrop. Which of the two would you prefer? Which is more easy to configure? Any out-of-box solutions here? thanks in advance!

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  • Postfix character encoding?

    - by Camran
    I use Postfix as a mailserver. I have Ubuntu OS. Then I use PHP to send emails. Problem is that none of my emails are encoded properly by a mailsoftware which my VPS provider uses. According to them, the problem lies with me. It is only the name field which isn't encoded properly. For example "Björn" becomes "Björn" in my emails. However, when I echo the $name, it outputs "Björn" which is correct. Also, gmail and hotmail does show it correctly. The strange part is that the "text" (the message itself) is encoded properly. I use the following for sending mail: $headers="MIME-Version: 1.0"."\n"; $headers.="Content-type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8"."\n"; $headers.="From: $name <$email>"."\n"; $name= iconv(mb_detect_encoding($name), "UTF-8//IGNORE//TRANSLIT", $name); //// I HAVE TRIED WITH AND WITHOUT THE LINE ABOVE, NO DIFFERENCE mail($to, '=?UTF-8?B?'.base64_encode($subject).'?=', $text, $headers, '[email protected]'); I have tried with and without the iconv line also, no luck. The last thing I can think of is POSTFIX, could there be a setting for character encoding there? Anybody knows?

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  • Adding a prefix or postfix to a Word 2013 quotation source

    - by user2690527
    I am using the German version of Word 2013, so I am not absolutely sure, if "quotation source" is the term being used in the English version. I am talking about the automatic text field, one can get via "References" (German: "Verweise"), "Insert quotation" (German: "Zitat einfügen"). Then one gets a drop down menu with all the entries from the biobliography, one can pick one and then an automatic text field is inserted into the text. After it is hopefully clear what I am talking about, here is the question: I choosed the citation style "ISO 690" that generates labels of the pattern "(author+year)" in round parentheses. Sometimes I have to append a prefix or postfix to the label, but this prefix/postfix must go into the parantheses. Is there any way how I can do this? For example, I can add page numbers to the end of a quotation label via a special dialog box that appears after a right click onto the text field and choosing "Edit quote" (German: "Zitat bearbeiten"). But there are a lot more cases of optional pre-/postfixes than page numbers. I am looking for a way to add general pre-/postfixes.

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  • C++ type-checking at compile-time

    - by Masterofpsi
    Hi, all. I'm pretty new to C++, and I'm writing a small library (mostly for my own projects) in C++. In the process of designing a type hierarchy, I've run into the problem of defining the assignment operator. I've taken the basic approach that was eventually reached in this article, which is that for every class MyClass in a hierarchy derived from a class Base you define two assignment operators like so: class MyClass: public Base { public: MyClass& operator =(MyClass const& rhs); virtual MyClass& operator =(Base const& rhs); }; // automatically gets defined, so we make it call the virtual function below MyClass& MyClass::operator =(MyClass const& rhs); { return (*this = static_cast<Base const&>(rhs)); } MyClass& MyClass::operator =(Base const& rhs); { assert(typeid(rhs) == typeid(*this)); // assigning to different types is a logical error MyClass const& casted_rhs = dynamic_cast<MyClass const&>(rhs); try { // allocate new variables Base::operator =(rhs); } catch(...) { // delete the allocated variables throw; } // assign to member variables } The part I'm concerned with is the assertion for type equality. Since I'm writing a library, where assertions will presumably be compiled out of the final result, this has led me to go with a scheme that looks more like this: class MyClass: public Base { public: operator =(MyClass const& rhs); // etc virtual inline MyClass& operator =(Base const& rhs) { assert(typeid(rhs) == typeid(*this)); return this->set(static_cast<Base const&>(rhs)); } private: MyClass& set(Base const& rhs); // same basic thing }; But I've been wondering if I could check the types at compile-time. I looked into Boost.TypeTraits, and I came close by doing BOOST_MPL_ASSERT((boost::is_same<BOOST_TYPEOF(*this), BOOST_TYPEOF(rhs)>));, but since rhs is declared as a reference to the parent class and not the derived class, it choked. Now that I think about it, my reasoning seems silly -- I was hoping that since the function was inline, it would be able to check the actual parameters themselves, but of course the preprocessor always gets run before the compiler. But I was wondering if anyone knew of any other way I could enforce this kind of check at compile-time.

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  • templates and casting operators

    - by Jonathan Swinney
    This code compiles in CodeGear 2009 and Visual Studio 2010 but not gcc. Why? class Foo { public: operator int() const; template <typename T> T get() const { return this->operator T(); } }; Foo::operator int() const { return 5; } The error message is: test.cpp: In member function `T Foo::get() const': test.cpp:6: error: 'const class Foo' has no member named 'operator T'

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  • How do I go about overloading C++ operators to allow for chaining?

    - by fneep
    I, like so many programmers before me, am tearing my hair out writing the right-of-passage-matrix-class-in-C++. I have never done very serious operator overloading and this is causing issues. Essentially, by stepping through This is what I call to cause the problems. cMatrix Kev = CT::cMatrix::GetUnitMatrix(4, true); Kev *= 4.0f; cMatrix Baz = Kev; Kev = Kev+Baz; //HERE! What seems to be happening according to the debugger is that Kev and Baz are added but then the value is lost and when it comes to reassigning to Kev, the memory is just its default dodgy values. How do I overload my operators to allow for this statement? My (stripped down) code is below. //header class cMatrix { private: float* _internal; UInt32 _r; UInt32 _c; bool _zeroindexed; //fast, assumes zero index, no safety checks float cMatrix::_getelement(UInt32 r, UInt32 c) { return _internal[(r*this->_c)+c]; } void cMatrix::_setelement(UInt32 r, UInt32 c, float Value) { _internal[(r*this->_c)+c] = Value; } public: cMatrix(UInt32 r, UInt32 c, bool IsZeroIndexed); cMatrix( cMatrix& m); ~cMatrix(void); //operators cMatrix& operator + (cMatrix m); cMatrix& operator += (cMatrix m); cMatrix& operator = (const cMatrix &m); }; //stripped source file cMatrix::cMatrix(cMatrix& m) { _r = m._r; _c = m._c; _zeroindexed = m._zeroindexed; _internal = new float[_r*_c]; UInt32 size = GetElementCount(); for (UInt32 i = 0; i < size; i++) { _internal[i] = m._internal[i]; } } cMatrix::~cMatrix(void) { delete[] _internal; } cMatrix& cMatrix::operator+(cMatrix m) { return cMatrix(*this) += m; } cMatrix& cMatrix::operator*(float f) { return cMatrix(*this) *= f; } cMatrix& cMatrix::operator*=(float f) { UInt32 size = GetElementCount(); for (UInt32 i = 0; i < size; i++) { _internal[i] *= f; } return *this; } cMatrix& cMatrix::operator+=(cMatrix m) { if (_c != m._c || _r != m._r) { throw new cCTException("Cannot add two matrix classes of different sizes."); } if (!(_zeroindexed && m._zeroindexed)) { throw new cCTException("Zero-Indexed mismatch."); } for (UInt32 row = 0; row < _r; row++) { for (UInt32 column = 0; column < _c; column++) { float Current = _getelement(row, column) + m._getelement(row, column); _setelement(row, column, Current); } } return *this; } cMatrix& cMatrix::operator=(const cMatrix &m) { if (this != &m) { _r = m._r; _c = m._c; _zeroindexed = m._zeroindexed; delete[] _internal; _internal = new float[_r*_c]; UInt32 size = GetElementCount(); for (UInt32 i = 0; i < size; i++) { _internal[i] = m._internal[i]; } } return *this; }

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  • Overloading stream insertion without violating information hiding?

    - by Chris
    I'm using yaml-cpp for a project. I want to overload the << and >> operators for some classes, but I'm having an issue grappling with how to "properly" do this. Take the Note class, for example. It's fairly boring: class Note { public: // constructors Note( void ); ~Note( void ); // public accessor methods void number( const unsigned long& number ) { _number = number; } unsigned long number( void ) const { return _number; } void author( const unsigned long& author ) { _author = author; } unsigned long author( void ) const { return _author; } void subject( const std::string& subject ) { _subject = subject; } std::string subject( void ) const { return _subject; } void body( const std::string& body ) { _body = body; } std::string body( void ) const { return _body; } private: unsigned long _number; unsigned long _author; std::string _subject; std::string _body; }; The << operator is easy sauce. In the .h: YAML::Emitter& operator << ( YAML::Emitter& out, const Note& v ); And in the .cpp: YAML::Emitter& operator << ( YAML::Emitter& out, const Note& v ) { out << v.number() << v.author() << v.subject() << v.body(); return out; } No sweat. Then I go to declare the >> operator. In the .h: void operator >> ( const YAML::Node& node, Note& note ); But in the .cpp I get: void operator >> ( const YAML::Node& node, Note& note ) { node[0] >> ? node[1] >> ? node[2] >> ? node[3] >> ? return; } If I write things like node[0] >> v._number; then I would need to change the CV-qualifier to make all of the Note fields public (which defeats everything I was taught (by professors, books, and experience))) about data hiding. I feel like doing node[0] >> temp0; v.number( temp0 ); all over the place is not only tedious, error-prone, and ugly, but rather wasteful (what with the extra copies). Then I got wise: I attempted to move these two operators into the Note class itself, and declare them as friends, but the compiler (GCC 4.4) didn't like that: src/note.h:44: error: ‘YAML::Emitter& Note::operator<<(YAML::Emitter&, const Note&)’ must take exactly one argument src/note.h:45: error: ‘void Note::operator(const YAML::Node&, Note&)’ must take exactly one argument Question: How do I "properly" overload the >> operator for a class Without violating the information hiding principle? Without excessive copying?

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  • Overloading '-' for array subtraction

    - by Chris Wilson
    I am attempting to subtract two int arrays, stored as class members, using an overloaded - operator, but I'm getting some peculiar output when I run tests. The overload definition is Number& Number :: operator-(const Number& NumberObject) { for (int count = 0; count < NumberSize; count ++) { Value[count] -= NumberObject.Value[count]; } return *this; } Whenever I run tests on this, NumberObject.Value[count] always seems to be returning a zero value. Can anyone see where I'm going wrong with this? The line in main() where this subtraction is being carried out is cout << "The difference is: " << ArrayOfNumbers[0] - ArrayOfNumbers[1] << endl; ArrayOfNumbers contains two Number objects. The class declaration is #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Number { private: int Value[50]; int NumberSize; public: Number(); // Default constructor Number(const Number&); // Copy constructor Number(int, int); // Non-default constructor void SetMemberValues(int, int); // Manually set member values int GetNumberSize() const; // Return NumberSize member int GetValue() const; // Return Value[] member Number& operator-=(const Number&); }; inline Number operator-(Number Lhs, const Number& Rhs); ostream& operator<<(ostream&, const Number&); The full class definition is as follows: #include <iostream> #include "../headers/number.h" using namespace std; // Default constructor Number :: Number() {} // Copy constructor Number :: Number(const Number& NumberObject) { int Temp[NumberSize]; NumberSize = NumberObject.GetNumberSize(); for (int count = 0; count < NumberObject.GetNumberSize(); count ++) { Temp[count] = Value[count] - NumberObject.GetValue(); } } // Manually set member values void Number :: SetMemberValues(int NewNumberValue, int NewNumberSize) { NumberSize = NewNumberSize; for (int count = NewNumberSize - 1; count >= 0; count --) { Value[count] = NewNumberValue % 10; NewNumberValue = NewNumberValue / 10; } } // Non-default constructor Number :: Number(int NumberValue, int NewNumberSize) { NumberSize = NewNumberSize; for (int count = NewNumberSize - 1; count >= 0; count --) { Value[count] = NumberValue % 10; NumberValue = NumberValue / 10; } } // Return the NumberSize member int Number :: GetNumberSize() const { return NumberSize; } // Return the Value[] member int Number :: GetValue() const { int ResultSoFar; for (int count2 = 0; count2 < NumberSize; count2 ++) { ResultSoFar = ResultSoFar * 10 + Value[count2]; } return ResultSoFar; } Number& operator-=(const Number& Rhs) { for (int count = 0; count < NumberSize; count ++) { Value[count] -= Rhs.Value[count]; } return *this; } inline Number operator-(Number Lhs, const Number& Rhs) { Lhs -= Rhs; return Lhs; } // Overloaded output operator ostream& operator<<(ostream& OutputStream, const Number& NumberObject) { OutputStream << NumberObject.GetValue(); return OutputStream; }

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  • operator+ overload returning object causing memory leaks, C++

    - by lampshade
    The problem i think is with returing an object when i overload the + operator. I tried returning a reference to the object, but doing so does not fix the memory leak. I can comment out the two statements: dObj = dObj + dObj2; and cObj = cObj + cObj2; to free the program of memory leaks. Somehow, the problem is with returning an object after overloading the + operator. #include <iostream> #include <vld.h> using namespace std; class Animal { public : Animal() {}; virtual void eat() = 0 {}; virtual void walk() = 0 {}; }; class Dog : public Animal { public : Dog(const char * name, const char * gender, int age); Dog() : name(NULL), gender(NULL), age(0) {}; virtual ~Dog(); Dog operator+(const Dog &dObj); private : char * name; char * gender; int age; }; class MyClass { public : MyClass() : action(NULL) {}; void setInstance(Animal &newInstance); void doSomething(); private : Animal * action; }; Dog::Dog(const char * name, const char * gender, int age) : // allocating here, for data passed in ctor name(new char[strlen(name)+1]), gender(new char[strlen(gender)+1]), age(age) { if (name) { size_t length = strlen(name) +1; strcpy_s(this->name, length, name); } else name = NULL; if (gender) { size_t length = strlen(gender) +1; strcpy_s(this->gender, length, gender); } else gender = NULL; if (age) { this->age = age; } } Dog::~Dog() { delete name; delete gender; age = 0; } Dog Dog::operator+(const Dog &dObj) { Dog d; d.age = age + dObj.age; return d; } void MyClass::setInstance(Animal &newInstance) { action = &newInstance; } void MyClass::doSomething() { action->walk(); action->eat(); } int main() { MyClass mObj; Dog dObj("Scruffy", "Male", 4); // passing data into ctor Dog dObj2("Scooby", "Male", 6); mObj.setInstance(dObj); // set the instance specific to the object. mObj.doSomething(); // something happens based on which object is passed in dObj = dObj + dObj2; // invoke the operator+ return 0; }

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  • What is the ISO C++ way to directly define a conversion function to reference to array?

    - by ben
    According to the standard, a conversion function has a function-id operator conversion-type-id, which would look like, say, operator char(&)[4] I believe. But I cannot figure out where to put the function parameter list. gcc does not accept either of operator char(&())[4] or operator char(&)[4]() or anything I can think of. Now, gcc seems to accept (&operator char ())[4] but clang does not, and I am inclined to not either, since it does not seem to fit the grammar as I understand it. I do not want to use a typedef because I want to avoid polluting the namespace with it.

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