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  • List of Django model instance foreign keys losing consistency during state changes.

    - by Joshua
    I have model, Match, with two foreign keys: class Match(model.Model): winner = models.ForeignKey(Player) loser = models.ForeignKey(Player) When I loop over Match I find that each model instance uses a unique object for the foreign key. This ends up biting me because it introduces inconsistency, here is an example: >>> def print_elo(match_list): ... for match in match_list: ... print match.winner.id, match.winner.elo ... print match.loser.id, match.loser.elo ... >>> print_elo(teacher_match_list) 4 1192.0000000000 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 4 1192.0000000000 >>> teacher_match_list[0].winner.elo = 3000 >>> print_elo(teacher_match_list) 4 3000 # Object 4 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 4 1192.0000000000 # Object 4 >>> I solved this problem like so: def unify_refrences(match_list): """Makes each unique refrence to a model instance non-unique. In cases where multiple model instances are being used django creates a new object for each model instance, even if it that means creating the same instance twice. If one of these objects has its state changed any other object refrencing the same model instance will not be updated. This method ensure that state changes are seen. It makes sure that variables which hold objects pointing to the same model all hold the same object. Visually this means that a list of [var1, var2] whose internals look like so: var1 --> object1 --> model1 var2 --> object2 --> model1 Will result in the internals being changed so that: var1 --> object1 --> model1 var2 ------^ """ match_dict = {} for match in match_list: try: match.winner = match_dict[match.winner.id] except KeyError: match_dict[match.winner.id] = match.winner try: match.loser = match_dict[match.loser.id] except KeyError: match_dict[match.loser.id] = match.loser My question: Is there a way to solve the problem more elegantly through the use of QuerySets without needing to call save at any point? If not, I'd like to make the solution more generic: how can you get a list of the foreign keys on a model instance or do you have a better generic solution to my problem? Please correct me if you think I don't understand why this is happening.

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  • combining two select statements to return one result

    - by DalivDali
    I need to combine the results for two select queries from two view tables, from which I am performing calculations. Perhaps there is an easier way to perform a query using if...else - any pointers? Essentially I need to divide everything by 'ar.time_ratio' under the condition in sql query 1, and ignore that for query 2. SELECT gs.traffic_date, gs.domain_group, gs.clicks/ar.time_ratio as 'Scaled_clicks', gs.visitors/ar.time_ratio as 'scaled_visitors', gs.revenue/ar.time_ratio as 'scaled_revenue', (gs.revenue/gs.clicks)/ar.time_ratio as 'scaled_average_cpc', (gs.clicks)/(gs.visitors)/ar.time_ratio as 'scaled_ctr', gs.average_rpm/ar.time_ratio as 'scaled_rpm', (((gs.revenue)/(gs.visitors))/ar.time_ratio)*1000 as "Ecpm" FROM group_stats gs, v_active_ratio ar WHERE ar.group_id=gs.domain_group and SELECT gs.traffic_date, gs.domain_group, gs.clicks, gs.visitors, gs.revenue, (gs.revenue/gs.clicks) as 'average_cpc', (gs.clicks)/(gs.visitors) as 'average_ctr', gs.average_rpm, ((gs.revenue)/(gs.visitors))*1000 as "Ecpm" FROM group_stats gs, v_active_ratio ar where not ar.group_id=gs.domain_group

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  • Django model field value preprocessing before returning

    - by Satoru.Logic
    Hi, all. I have a Note model class like this: class Note(models.Model): author = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='notes') content = NoteContentField(max_length=256) NoteContentField is a custom sub-class of CharField that override the to_python method in purpose of doing some twitter-text-conversion processing. class NoteContentField(models.CharField): __metaclass__ = models.SubfieldBase def to_python(self, value): value = super(NoteContentField, self).to_python(value) from ..utils import linkify return mark_safe(linkify(value)) However, this doesn't work. When I save a Note object like this: note = Note(author=request.use, content=form.cleaned_data['content']) The conversed value is saved into the database, which is not what I wanna see. Would you please tell me what's wrong with this? Thanks in advance.

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  • Compound dictionary keys

    - by John Keyes
    I have a particular case where using compound dictionary keys would make a task easier. I have a working solution, but feel it is inelegant. How would you do it? context = { 'database': { 'port': 9990, 'users': ['number2', 'dr_evil'] }, 'admins': ['[email protected]', '[email protected]'], 'domain.name': 'virtucon.com' } def getitem(key, context): if hasattr(key, 'upper') and key in context: return context[key] keys = key if hasattr(key, 'pop') else key.split('.') k = keys.pop(0) if keys: try: return getitem(keys, context[k]) except KeyError, e: raise KeyError(key) if hasattr(context, 'count'): k = int(k) return context[k] if __name__ == "__main__": print getitem('database', context) print getitem('database.port', context) print getitem('database.users.0', context) print getitem('admins', context) print getitem('domain.name', context) try: getitem('database.nosuchkey', context) except KeyError, e: print "Error:", e Thanks.

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  • Preserve time stamp when shrinking an image

    - by Ckhrysze
    My digital camera takes pictures with a very high resolution, and I have a PIL script to shrink them to 800x600 (or 600x800). However, it would be nice for the resultant file to retain the original timestamp. I noticed in the docs that I can use a File object instead of a name in PIL's image save method, but I don't know if that will help or not. My code is basically name, ext = os.path.splitext(filename) # open an image file (.bmp,.jpg,.png,.gif) you have in the working folder image = Image.open(filename) width = 800 height = 600 w, h = image.size if h > w: width = 600 height = 800 name = name + ".jpg" shunken = image.resize((width, height), Image.ANTIALIAS) shunken.save(name) Thank you for any help you can give!

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  • Map only certain parts of the class to a database using SQLAlchemy?

    - by Az
    When mapping an object using SQLAlchemy, is there a way to only map certain elements of a class to a database, or does it have to be a 1:1 mapping? Example: class User(object): def __init__(self, name, username, password, year_of_birth): self.name = name self.username = username self.password = password self.year_of_birth = year_of_birth Say, for whatever reason, I only wish to map the name, username and password to the database and leave out the year_of_birth. Is that possible and will this create problems? Edit - 25/03/2010 Additionally, say I want to map username and year_of_birth to a separate database. Will this database and the one above still be connected (via username)?

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  • wx paste image into panel

    - by Moayyad Yaghi
    hello i need to find a way to copy an image from a software .. ( microsoft paint for example ) and paste it into my own pain tool that i made using wxpython .. how do i read the image that has been loaded into memory ? so i can paste it hope idea is clear enough thanks in advance

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  • Is it Pythonic to have a class keep track of its instances?

    - by Lightbreeze
    Take the following code snippet class Missile: instances = [] def __init__(self): Missile.instances.append(self) Now take the code: class Hero(): ... def fire(self): Missile() When the hero fires, a missile needs to be created and appended to the main list. Thus the hero object needs to reference the list when it fires. Here are a few solutions, although I'm sure there are others: Make the list a global, Use a class variable (as above), or Have the hero object hold a reference to the list. I didn't post this on gamedev because my question is actually more general: Is the previous code considered okay? Given a situation like this, is there a more Pythonic solution?

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  • IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied when trying to read an file in google app engine

    - by mahesh
    I want to read an XML file and parse it, for that I had used SAX parser which requires file as input to parse. For that I had stored my XML file in Entity called XMLDocs with following property XMLDocs Entity Name name : Property of string type content : property of blob type (will contain my xml file) Reason I had to store file like this as I had not yet provide my billing detail to google Now when I try to open this file in my I am getting error of permission denied.. Please help me, what I have to do... You can see that error by running my app at www.parsepython.appspot.com

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  • Merging elements inside a xml.etree.ElementTree

    - by theAlse
    I have a huge test data like the one provided below (and yes I have no control over this data). Each line is actually 6 parts and I need to generate an XML based on this data. Nav;Basic;Dest;Smoke;No;Yes; Nav;Dest;Recent;Regg;No;Yes; Nav;Dest;Favourites;Regg;No;Yes; ... Nav;Dest using on board;By POI;Smoke;No;Yes; Nav;Dest using on board;Other;Regg;No;Yes; The first 3 elements on each line denotes "test suites"-XML element and the last 3 element should create a "test case"-XML element. I have successfully converted it into a XML using the following code: # testsuite (root) testsuite = ET.Element('testsuite') testsuite.set("name", "Tests") def _create_testcase_tag(elem): global testsuite level1, level2, level3, elem4, elem5, elem6 = elem # -- testsuite (level1) testsuite_level1 = ET.SubElement(testsuite, "testsuite") testsuite_level1.set("name", level1) # -- testsuite (level2) testsuite_level2 = ET.SubElement(testsuite_level1, "testsuite") testsuite_level2.set("name", level2) # -- testsuite (level3) testsuite_level2 = ET.SubElement(testsuite_level2, "testsuite") testsuite_level2.set("name", level3) # -- testcase testcase = ET.SubElement(testsuite_level2, "testcase") testcase.set("name", "TBD") summary = ET.SubElement(testcase, "summary") summary.text = "Test Type= %s, Automated= %s, Available=%s" %(elem4, elem5, elem6) with open(input_file) as in_file: for line_number, a_line in enumerate(in_file): try: parameters = a_line.split(';') if len(parameters) >= 6: level1 = parameters[0].strip() level2 = parameters[1].strip() level3 = parameters[2].strip() elem4 = parameters[3].strip() elem5 = parameters[4].strip() elem6 = parameters[5].strip() lines_as_list.append((level1, level2, level3, elem4, elem5, elem6)) except ValueError: pass lines_as_list.sort() for elem in lines_as_list: _create_testcase_tag(elem) output_xml = ET.ElementTree(testsuite) ET.ElementTree.write(output_xml, output_file, xml_declaration=True, encoding="UTF-8") The above code generates an XML like this: <testsuite name="Tests"> <testsuite name="Nav"> <testsuite name="Basic navigation"> <testsuite name="Set destination"> <testcase name="TBD"> <summary>Test Type= Smoke test Automated= No, Available=Yes</summary> </testcase> </testsuite> </testsuite> </testsuite> <testsuite name="Nav"> <testsuite name="Set destination"> <testsuite name="Recent"> <testcase name="TBD"> <summary> Test Type= Reggression test Automated= No, Available=Yes </summary> </testcase> </testsuite> </testsuite> </testsuite> </testsuite> ... This is all correct, but as you can see I have created a whole tree for each line and that is not what I need. I need to combine e.g. all testsuite with the same name into one testsuite and also perform that recursively. So the XML looks like this instead: <testsuite name="Tests"> <testsuite name="Nav"> <testsuite name="Basic navigation"> <testsuite name="Set destination"> <testcase name="TBD"> <summary>Test Type= Smoke test Automated= No, Available=Yes</summary> </testcase> </testsuite> <testsuite name="Recent"> <testcase name="TBD"> <summary> Test Type= Reggression test Automated= No, Available=Yes </summary> </testcase> </testsuite> </testsuite> </testsuite> </testsuite> I hope you can understand what I mean, but level1, level2 and level3 should be unique with testcases inside. How should I do this? Please do not suggest the use of any external libraries! I can not install new libraries in customer site. xml.etree.ElementTree is all I have. Thanks

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  • [Gdata] GetAuthSubToken returns None

    - by Matt
    Hey guys, I am a little lost on how to get the auth token. Here is the code I am using on the return from authorizing my app: client = gdata.service.GDataService() gdata.alt.appengine.run_on_appengine(client) sessionToken = gdata.auth.extract_auth_sub_token_from_url(self.request.uri) client.UpgradeToSessionToken(sessionToken) logging.info(client.GetAuthSubToken()) what gets logged is "None" so that does seem right :-( if I use this: temp = client.upgrade_to_session_token(sessionToken) logging.info(dump(temp)) I get this: {'scopes': ['http://www.google.com/calendar/feeds/'], 'auth_header': 'AuthSub token=CNKe7drpFRDzp8uVARjD-s-wAg'} so I can see that I am getting a AuthSub Token and I guess I could just parse that and grab the token but that doesn't seem like the way things should work. If I try to use AuthSubTokenInfo I get this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/webapp/__init__.py", line 507, in __call__ handler.get(*groups) File "controllers/indexController.py", line 47, in get logging.info(client.AuthSubTokenInfo()) File "/Users/matthusby/Dropbox/appengine/projects/FBCal/gdata/service.py", line 938, in AuthSubTokenInfo token = self.token_store.find_token(scopes[0]) TypeError: 'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable so it looks like my token_store is not getting filled in correctly, is that something I should be doing? Also I am using gdata 2.0.9 Thanks Matt

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  • Server authorization with MD5 and SQL.

    - by Charles
    I currently have a SQL database of passwords stored in MD5. The server needs to generate a unique key, then sends to the client. In the client, it will use the key as a salt then hash together with the password and send back to the server. The only problem is that the the SQL DB has the passwords in MD5 already. Therefore for this to work, I would have to MD5 the password client side, then MD5 it again with the salt. Am I doing this wrong, because it doesn't seem like a proper solution. Any information is appreciated.

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  • Creating a QuerySet based on a ManyToManyField in Django

    - by River Tam
    So I've got two classes; Picture and Tag that are as follows: class Tag(models.Model): pics = models.ManyToManyField('Picture', blank=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=30) # stuff omitted class Picture(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published') tags = models.ManyToManyField('Tag', blank=True) content = models.ImageField(upload_to='instaton') #stuff omitted And what I'd like to do is get a queryset (for a ListView) given a tag name that contains the most recent X number of Pictures that are tagged as such. I've looked up very similar problems, but none of the responses make any sense to me at all. How would I go about creating this queryset?

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  • Start PyGTK cellrenderer edit from code

    - by mkotechno
    I have a treeview with an editable CellRendererText: self.renderer = gtk.CellRendererText() self.renderer.set_property('editable', True) But now I need to launch the edition from code instead from user, this is to focus the user attention in the fact he just created a new row and needs to be named. I tried this but does not work: self.renderer.start_editing( gtk.gdk.Event(gtk.gdk.NOTHING), self.treeview, str(index), gtk.gdk.Rectangle(), gtk.gdk.Rectangle(), 0) Neither does not throw errors, but the documentation about for what is each argument is not clear, in fact I really don't know if start_editing method is for this. All suggestions are welcome, thanks.

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  • Convert or strip out "illegal" Unicode characters

    - by Oli
    I've got a database in MSSQL that I'm porting to SQLite/Django. I'm using pymssql to connect to the database and save a text field to the local SQLite database. However for some characters, it explodes. I get complaints like this: UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0x97 in position 1916: ordinal not in range(128) Is there some way I can convert the chars to proper unicode versions? Or strip them out?

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  • getting keyboard events with pyqt

    - by Moayyad Yaghi
    hello i converted recently from wxpython to pyqt and im still facing alot of problems since im still noob in pyqt so is it possible to detected if user pressed (CTRL+key ) in pyqt ? and how ? i've been trying to find an answer for this for 3 days . if you know website or a good place to learn pyqt, it will be highly appreciated thanx in advance

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  • Running Flask framework on App Engine: Could not find module app.cgi

    - by Linc
    I'm running this Flask example app on App Engine: http://github.com/gigq/flasktodo You can see on the github page that app.cgi is in the main directory for this project. However, when I run this code I get an error complaining about a missing app.cgi: ERROR 2010-05-01 16:43:47,006 dev_appserver.py:2109] Encountered error loading module "app.cgi": <type 'exceptions.ImportError'>: Could not find module app.cgi Traceback (most recent call last): File "/opt/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 2096, in LoadTargetModule module_code = import_hook.get_code(module_fullname) File "/opt/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1279, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "/opt/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1956, in get_code full_path, search_path, submodule = self.GetModuleInfo(fullname) File "/opt/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1279, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "/opt/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1908, in GetModuleInfo submodule, search_path = self.GetParentSearchPath(fullname) File "/opt/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1279, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "/opt/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1887, in GetParentSearchPath parent_package = self.GetParentPackage(fullname) File "/opt/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1279, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "/opt/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1864, in GetParentPackage raise ImportError('Could not find module %s' % fullname) ImportError: Could not find module app.cgi How do I indicate to dev_appserver.py where to look to find it?

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  • Pythonic / itertools way to go through a dict?

    - by dmd
    def reportCSV(t): ret = '' for ev in t: for p in t[ev]: for w in t[ev][p]: ret += ','.join((ev, p, w, t[ev][p][w])) + '\n' return ret What is a more pythonic way to do this, e.g. using itertools or the like? In this case I'm just writing it out to a CSV file. t is a dict t[ev] is a dict t[ev][p] is a dict t[ev][p][w] is a float I'm not sure how I'd use itertools.product in this case.

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  • socket.shutdown vs socket.close

    - by Jason Baker
    I recently saw a bit of code that looked like this (with sock being a socket object of course): sock.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR) sock.close() What exactly is the purpose of calling shutdown on the socket and then closing it? If it makes a difference, this socket is being used for non-blocking IO.

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  • Parse http GET and POST parameters from BaseHTTPHandler?

    - by ataylor
    BaseHTTPHandler from the BaseHTTPServer module doesn't seem to provide any convenient way to access http request parameters. What is the best way to parse the GET parameters from the path, and the POST parameters from the request body? Right now, I'm using this for GET: def do_GET(self): parsed_path = urlparse.urlparse(self.path) try: params = dict([p.split('=') for p in parsed_path[4].split('&')]) except: params = {} This works for most cases, but I'd like something more robust that handles encodings and cases like empty parameters properly. Ideally, I'd like something small and standalone, rather than a full web framework.

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  • django admin site make CharField a PasswordInput

    - by Paul
    I have a Django site in which the site admin inputs their Twitter Username/Password in order to use the Twitter API. The Model is set up like this: class TwitterUser(models.Model): screen_name = models.CharField(max_length=100) password = models.CharField(max_length=255) def __unicode__(self): return self.screen_name I need the Admin site to display the password field as a password input, but can't seem to figure out how to do it. I have tried using a ModelAdmin class, a ModelAdmin with a ModelForm, but can't seem to figure out how to make django display that form as a password input...

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  • Custom pyGTK button

    - by Wallter
    I would like to create a button that I can control the look of the button using pyGTK. How would I go about doing this? I would like to be able to point to a new image for each 'state' the button is in (i.e. Pressed, mouse over, normal...etc.)

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  • Crossfading audio with PyQT4 and Phonon

    - by dwelch
    I'm trying to get audio files to crossfade with phonon. I'm using PyQT4. I have tracks queuing properly, but I'm stuck with the fade effect. I think I need to be using the KVolumeFader effect. Here's my current code: def music_play(self): self.delayedInit() self.m_media.setCurrentSource(Phonon.MediaSource(self.playlist[self.playlist_pos])) self.m_media.play() def music_stop(self): self.m_media.stop() def delayedInit(self): if not self.m_media: self.m_media = Phonon.MediaObject(self) audioOutput = Phonon.AudioOutput(Phonon.MusicCategory, self) Phonon.createPath(self.m_media, audioOutput) def enqueueNextSource(self): if len(self.playlist) >= self.playlist_pos+1: self.playlist_pos += 1 self.m_media.enqueue(Phonon.MediaSource(self.playlist[self.playlist_pos])) else: self.m_media.stop() Can anyone give me some advice on implementing the effect?

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  • Proper way to set object instance variables

    - by ensnare
    I'm writing a class to insert users into a database, and before I get too far in, I just want to make sure that my OO approach is clean: class User(object): def setName(self,name): #Do sanity checks on name self._name = name def setPassword(self,password): #Check password length > 6 characters #Encrypt to md5 self._password = password def commit(self): #Commit to database >>u = User() >>u.setName('Jason Martinez') >>u.setPassword('linebreak') >>u.commit() Is this the right approach? Should I declare class variables up top? Should I use a _ in front of all the class variables to make them private? Thanks for helping out.

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