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  • Pythonic / itertools way to go through a dict?

    - by dmd
    def reportCSV(t): ret = '' for ev in t: for p in t[ev]: for w in t[ev][p]: ret += ','.join((ev, p, w, t[ev][p][w])) + '\n' return ret What is a more pythonic way to do this, e.g. using itertools or the like? In this case I'm just writing it out to a CSV file. t is a dict t[ev] is a dict t[ev][p] is a dict t[ev][p][w] is a float I'm not sure how I'd use itertools.product in this case.

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  • When to use buildout:eggs and when to install via zc.recipe.egg ?

    - by chiggsy
    There seem to be more than one way to install eggs into a buildout. Way 1: [buildout] ... eggs = eggname othereggname ... Way 2: [buildout] ... parts = eggs [eggs] recipe = zc.recipe.egg eggs = eggname = othereggname Both ways work. ( variation on way 2 would be to install each requirement as a separate part. ) What is the difference between these 2 methods? For my projects, I'm using buildout with djangorecipe and mr.developer.

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  • Inside a decorator-class, access instance of the class which contains the decorated method

    - by ifischer
    I have the following decorator, which saves a configuration file after a method decorated with @saveconfig is called: class saveconfig(object): def __init__(self, f): self.f = f def __call__(self, *args): self.f(object, *args) # Here i want to access "cfg" defined in pbtools print "Saving configuration" I'm using this decorator inside the following class. After the method createkvm is called, the configuration object self.cfg should be saved inside the decorator: class pbtools() def __init__(self): self.configfile = open("pbt.properties", 'r+') # This variable should be available inside my decorator self.cfg = ConfigObj(infile = self.configfile) @saveconfig def createkvm(self): print "creating kvm" My problem is that i need to access the object variable self.cfg inside the decorator saveconfig. A first naive approach was to add a parameter to the decorator which holds the object, like @saveconfig(self), but this doesn't work. How can I access object variables of the method host inside the decorator? Do i have to define the decorator inside the same class to get access?

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  • Map only certain parts of the class to a database using SQLAlchemy?

    - by Az
    When mapping an object using SQLAlchemy, is there a way to only map certain elements of a class to a database, or does it have to be a 1:1 mapping? Example: class User(object): def __init__(self, name, username, password, year_of_birth): self.name = name self.username = username self.password = password self.year_of_birth = year_of_birth Say, for whatever reason, I only wish to map the name, username and password to the database and leave out the year_of_birth. Is that possible and will this create problems? Edit - 25/03/2010 Additionally, say I want to map username and year_of_birth to a separate database. Will this database and the one above still be connected (via username)?

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  • Django CSRF failure when form posts to a different frame

    - by Leopd
    I'm building a page where I want to have a form that posts to an iframe on the same page. The Template looks like this: <form action="form-results" method="post" target="resultspane" > {% csrf_token %} <input name="query"> <input type=submit> </form> <iframe src="form-results" name="resultspane" width="100%" height="70%"> </iframe> The view behind form-results is getting CSRF errors. Is there something special needed for cross-frame posting?

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  • PySVN: is property status "none" equivalent to unchanged?

    - by detly
    I know the practical difference between a PySVN property status of "normal" (has properties, not changed locally) and "none" (has no properties). My question is this: is it ever possible for there to be local modifications to an items properites, and have PySVN report the property status as "none"? I would say no, but maybe there's some corner case I'm missing.

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  • pyparsing ambiguity

    - by Claudiu
    I'm trying to parse some text using PyParser. The problem is that I have names that can contain white spaces. So my input might look like this: Joe Bob Jimmy Foo Joe decides to eat. Bob decides to not eat. Jimmy Foo decides to eat. How can I create a parser for the decides to eat line? If I create my name parser naively, meaning with alphabetic characters plus space characters, then it will match the entire line.

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  • Use the output of logs in the execution of a program

    - by myle
    When I try to create a specific object, the program crashes. However, I use a module (mechanize) which logs useful information just before the crash. If I had somehow this information available I could avoid it. Is there any way to use the information which is logged (when I use the function set_debug_redirects) during the normal execution of the program? Just to be a bit more specific, I try to emulate the login behavior in a webpage. The program crashes because it can't handle a specific Following HTTP-EQUIV=REFRESH to <omitted_url>. Given this url, which is available in the logs but not as part of the exception which is thrown, I could visit this page and complete successfully the login process. Any other suggestions that may solve the problem are welcomed. It follows the code so far. SERVICE_LOGIN_BOX_URL = "https://www.google.com/accounts/ServiceLoginBox?service=adsense&ltmpl=login&ifr=true&rm=hide&fpui=3&nui=15&alwf=true&passive=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fadsense%2Flogin-box-gaiaauth&followup=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fadsense%2Flogin-box-gaiaauth&hl=en_US" def init_browser(): # Browser br = mechanize.Browser() # Cookie Jar cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar() br.set_cookiejar(cj) # Browser options br.set_handle_equiv(True) br.set_handle_gzip(False) br.set_handle_redirect(True) br.set_handle_referer(True) br.set_handle_robots(True) br.set_handle_refresh(mechanize._http.HTTPRefreshProcessor(), max_time=30.0, honor_time=False) # Want debugging messages? #br.set_debug_http(True) br.set_debug_redirects(True) #br.set_debug_responses(True) return br def adsense_login(login, password): br = init_browser() r = br.open(SERVICE_LOGIN_BOX_URL) html = r.read() # Select the first (index zero) form br.select_form(nr=0) br.form['Email'] = login br.form['Passwd'] = password br.submit() req = br.click_link(text='click here to continue') try: # this is where it crashes br.open(req) except HTTPError, e: sys.exit("post failed: %d: %s" % (e.code, e.msg)) return br

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  • How to run unittest under pydev for Django?

    - by photon
    I configured properties for my django project under pydev. I can run the django app under pydev or under console window. I can also run unittest for app under console window. But I have problems to run unittest under pydev. I guess it's something related to run configurations of pydev, so I made several trials, but with no success. Once I got messages like this: ImportError: Could not import settings 'D:\django_projects\MyProject' (Is it on sys.path? Does it have syntax errors?): No module named D:\django_projects\MyProject ERROR: Module: MyUnittestFile could not be imported. Another time I got messages like this: ImportError: Could not import settings 'MyProject.settngs' (Is it on sys.path? Does it have syntax errors?): No module named settngs 'ERROR: Module: MyUnittestFile could not be imported. I use pydev 1.5.6 on eclipse and windows xp. Any ideas for this problem?

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  • Fastest way to generate delimited string from 1d numpy array

    - by Abiel
    I have a program which needs to turn many large one-dimensional numpy arrays of floats into delimited strings. I am finding this operation quite slow relative to the mathematical operations in my program and am wondering if there is a way to speed it up. For example, consider the following loop, which takes 100,000 random numbers in a numpy array and joins each array into a comma-delimited string. import numpy as np x = np.random.randn(100000) for i in range(100): ",".join(map(str, x)) This loop takes about 20 seconds to complete (total, not each cycle). In contrast, consider that 100 cycles of something like elementwise multiplication (x*x) would take than one 1/10 of a second to complete. Clearly the string join operation creates a large performance bottleneck; in my actual application it will dominate total runtime. This makes me wonder, is there a faster way than ",".join(map(str, x))? Since map() is where almost all the processing time occurs, this comes down to the question of whether there a faster to way convert a very large number of numbers to strings.

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  • getting keyboard events with pyqt

    - by Moayyad Yaghi
    hello i converted recently from wxpython to pyqt and im still facing alot of problems since im still noob in pyqt so is it possible to detected if user pressed (CTRL+key ) in pyqt ? and how ? i've been trying to find an answer for this for 3 days . if you know website or a good place to learn pyqt, it will be highly appreciated thanx in advance

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  • Pyplot connect to timer event?

    - by Baron Yugovich
    The same way I now have plt.connect('button_press_event', self.on_click) I would like to have something like plt.connect('each_five_seconds_event', self.on_timer) How can I achieve this in a way that's most similar to what I've shown above? EDIT: I tried fig = plt.subplot2grid((num_cols, num_rows), (col, row), rowspan=rowspan, colspan=colspan) timer = fig.canvas.new_timer(interval=100, callbacks=[(self.on_click)]) timer.start() And got AttributeError: 'AxesSubplot' object has no attribute 'canvas'

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  • Adding a generic image field onto a ModelForm in django

    - by Prairiedogg
    I have two models, Room and Image. Image is a generic model that can tack onto any other model. I want to give users a form to upload an image when they post information about a room. I've written code that works, but I'm afraid I've done it the hard way, and specifically in a way that violates DRY. Was hoping someone who's a little more familiar with django forms could point out where I've gone wrong. Update: I've tried to clarify why I chose this design in comments to the current answers. To summarize: I didn't simply put an ImageField on the Room model because I wanted more than one image associated with the Room model. I chose a generic Image model because I wanted to add images to several different models. The alternatives I considered were were multiple foreign keys on a single Image class, which seemed messy, or multiple Image classes, which I thought would clutter my schema. I didn't make this clear in my first post, so sorry about that. Seeing as none of the answers so far has addressed how to make this a little more DRY I did come up with my own solution which was to add the upload path as a class attribute on the image model and reference that every time it's needed. # Models class Image(models.Model): content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField() content_object = generic.GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') image = models.ImageField(_('Image'), height_field='', width_field='', upload_to='uploads/images', max_length=200) class Room(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50) image_set = generic.GenericRelation('Image') # The form class AddRoomForm(forms.ModelForm): image_1 = forms.ImageField() class Meta: model = Room # The view def handle_uploaded_file(f): # DRY violation, I've already specified the upload path in the image model upload_suffix = join('uploads/images', f.name) upload_path = join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, upload_suffix) destination = open(upload_path, 'wb+') for chunk in f.chunks(): destination.write(chunk) destination.close() return upload_suffix def add_room(request, apartment_id, form_class=AddRoomForm, template='apartments/add_room.html'): apartment = Apartment.objects.get(id=apartment_id) if request.method == 'POST': form = form_class(request.POST, request.FILES) if form.is_valid(): room = form.save() image_1 = form.cleaned_data['image_1'] # Instead of writing a special function to handle the image, # shouldn't I just be able to pass it straight into Image.objects.create # ...but it doesn't seem to work for some reason, wrong syntax perhaps? upload_path = handle_uploaded_file(image_1) image = Image.objects.create(content_object=room, image=upload_path) return HttpResponseRedirect(room.get_absolute_url()) else: form = form_class() context = {'form': form, } return direct_to_template(request, template, extra_context=context)

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  • Preserve time stamp when shrinking an image

    - by Ckhrysze
    My digital camera takes pictures with a very high resolution, and I have a PIL script to shrink them to 800x600 (or 600x800). However, it would be nice for the resultant file to retain the original timestamp. I noticed in the docs that I can use a File object instead of a name in PIL's image save method, but I don't know if that will help or not. My code is basically name, ext = os.path.splitext(filename) # open an image file (.bmp,.jpg,.png,.gif) you have in the working folder image = Image.open(filename) width = 800 height = 600 w, h = image.size if h > w: width = 600 height = 800 name = name + ".jpg" shunken = image.resize((width, height), Image.ANTIALIAS) shunken.save(name) Thank you for any help you can give!

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  • SQLAlchemy custom query column

    - by thrillerator
    I have a declarative table defined like this: class Transaction(Base): __tablename__ = "transactions" id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) account_id = Column(Integer) transfer_account_id = Column(Integer) amount = Column(Numeric(12, 2)) ... The query should be: SELECT id, (CASE WHEN transfer_account_id=1 THEN -amount ELSE amount) AS amount FROM transactions WHERE account_id = 1 OR transfer_account_id = 1 My code is: query = Transaction.query.filter_by(account_id=1, transfer_account_id=1) query = query.add_column(func.case(...).label("amount") But it doesn't replace the amount column. Been trying to do this with for hours and I don't want to use raw SQL.

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  • How to sort my paws?

    - by Ivo Flipse
    In my previous question I got an excellent answer that helped me detect where a paw hit a pressure plate, but now I'm struggling to link these results to their corresponding paws: I manually annotated the paws (RF=right front, RH= right hind, LF=left front, LH=left hind). As you can see there's clearly a pattern repeating pattern and it comes back in aknist every measurement. Here's a link to a presentation of 6 trials that were manually annotated. My initial thought was to use heuristics to do the sorting, like: There's a ~60-40% ratio in weight bearing between the front and hind paws; The hind paws are generally smaller in surface; The paws are (often) spatially divided in left and right. However, I’m a bit skeptical about my heuristics, as they would fail on me as soon as I encounter a variation I hadn’t thought off. They also won’t be able to cope with measurements from lame dogs, whom probably have rules of their own. Furthermore, the annotation suggested by Joe sometimes get's messed up and doesn't take into account what the paw actually looks like. Based on the answers I received on my question about peak detection within the paw, I’m hoping there are more advanced solutions to sort the paws. Especially because the pressure distribution and the progression thereof are different for each separate paw, almost like a fingerprint. I hope there's a method that can use this to cluster my paws, rather than just sorting them in order of occurrence. So I'm looking for a better way to sort the results with their corresponding paw. For anyone up to the challenge, I have pickled a dictionary with all the sliced arrays that contain the pressure data of each paw (bundled by measurement) and the slice that describes their location (location on the plate and in time). To clarfiy: walk_sliced_data is a dictionary that contains ['ser_3', 'ser_2', 'sel_1', 'sel_2', 'ser_1', 'sel_3'], which are the names of the measurements. Each measurement contains another dictionary, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] (example from 'sel_1') which represent the impacts that were extracted. Also note that 'false' impacts, such as where the paw is partially measured (in space or time) can be ignored. They are only useful because they can help recognizing a pattern, but won't be analyzed. And for anyone interested, I’m keeping a blog with all the updates regarding the project!

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  • Stream a file to the HTTP response in Pylons

    - by Evgeny
    I have a Pylons controller action that needs to return a file to the client. (The file is outside the web root, so I can't just link directly to it.) The simplest way is, of course, this: with open(filepath, 'rb') as f: response.write(f.read()) That works, but it's obviously inefficient for large files. What's the best way to do this? I haven't been able to find any convenient methods in Pylons to stream the contents of the file. Do I really have to write the code to read a chunk at a time myself from scratch?

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  • django admin app error (Model with property field): global name 'full_name' is not defined

    - by rxin
    This is my model: class Author(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=200) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=200) middle_name = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=True) def __unicode__(self): return full_name def _get_full_name(self): "Returns the person's full name." if self.middle_name == '': return "%s %s" % (self.first_name, self.last_name) else: return "%s %s %s" % (self.first_name, self.middle_name, self.last_name) full_name = property(_get_full_name) Everything is fine except when I go into admin interface, I see TemplateSyntaxError at /bibbase2/admin/bibbase2/author/ Caught an exception while rendering: global name 'full_name' is not defined It seems like the built-in admin app doesn't work with a property field. Is there something wrong with my code?

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  • Issue using GAE appcfg.py

    - by JustSmith
    I get nothing out of appcfg.py besides the default output. I'm trying to upload some data to my development project with no luck at at all. From the instructions on the Google App Engine page the steps are as follows: Edit app.yaml update with appcfg.py make upload script upload with appcfg.py After step one I try to run the update and it never shows any success. The following commands product the same output: appcfg.py appcfg.py update appDir appcfg.py update appDir/ appcfg.py update /appDir If i try to follow the instructions from the appcfg.py output and type help upload and get: "help <action>" I get a response from the system, This command is not supported by the help utility. Try "update /?". cause I'm calling the system help command. If I use the command appcfg.py help upload I get the same result as just typing appcfg.py Can someone show me examples of the syntax to update the dev site, upload data to it and get appcfg.py to actually give help on its commands? Also I'm just assuming that the upload script and the .csv file that are being uploaded are in they myApp directory. Appreciate any help,

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  • Perceptron Classification and Model Training

    - by jake pinedo
    I'm having an issue with understanding how the Perceptron algorithm works and implementing it. cLabel = 0 #class label: corresponds directly with featureVectors and tweets for m in range(miters): for point in featureVectors: margin = answers[cLabel] * self.dot_product(point, w) if margin <= 0: modifier = float(lrate) * float(answers[cLabel]) modifiedPoint = point for x in modifiedPoint: if x != 0: x *= modifier newWeight = [modifiedPoint[i] + w[i] for i in range(len(w))] w = newWeight self._learnedWeight = w This is what I've implemented so far, where I have a list of class labels in answers and a learning rate (lrate) and a list of feature vectors. I run it for the numbers of iterations in miter and then get the final weight at the end. However, I'm not sure what to do with this weight. I've trained the perceptron and now I have to classify a set of tweets, but I don't know how to do that. EDIT: Specifically, what I do in my classify method is I go through and create a feature vector for the data I'm given, which isn't a problem at all, and then I take the self._learnedWeight that I get from the earlier training code and compute the dot-product of the vector and the weight. My weight and feature vectors include a bias in the 0th term of the list so I'm including that. I then check to see if the dotproduct is less than or equal to 0: if so, then I classify it as -1. Otherwise, it's 1. However, this doesn't seem to be working correctly.

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