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• Quaternion dfference + time --> angular velocity (gyroscope in physics library)

  - by AndrewK

  I am using Bullet Physic library to program some function, where I have difference between orientation from gyroscope given in quaternion and orientation of my object, and time between each frame in milisecond. All I want is set the orientation from my gyroscope to orientation of my object in 3D space. But all I can do is set angular velocity to my object. I have orientation difference and time, and from that I calculate vector of angular velocity [Wx,Wy,Wz] from that formula: W(t) = 2 * dq(t)/dt * conj(q(t)) My code is: btQuaternion diffQuater = gyroQuater - boxQuater; btQuaternion conjBoxQuater = gyroQuater.inverse(); btQuaternion velQuater = ((diffQuater * 2.0f) / d_time) * conjBoxQuater; And everything works well, till I get: 1 rotating around Y axis, angle about 60 degrees, then I have these values in 2 critical frames: x: -0.013220 y: -0.038050 z: -0.021979 w: -0.074250 - diffQuater x: 0.120094 y: 0.818967 z: 0.156797 w: -0.538782 - gyroQuater x: 0.133313 y: 0.857016 z: 0.178776 w: -0.464531 - boxQuater x: 0.207781 y: 0.290452 z: 0.245594 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: 3.153619 y: -66.947929 z: 175.936615 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: 4.290697 y: -57.553043 z: 173.320053 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 0.138128 y: 2.823307 z: 1.025552 w: 0.131360 - velQuater d_time: 0.058000 x: 0.211020 y: 1.595124 z: 0.303650 w: -1.143846 - diffQuater x: 0.089518 y: 0.771939 z: 0.144527 w: -0.612543 - gyroQuater x: -0.121502 y: -0.823185 z: -0.159123 w: 0.531303 - boxQuater x: nan y: nan z: nan - diffQuater -> euler angles x: 2.985240 y: -76.304405 z: -170.555054 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: 3.269681 y: -65.977966 z: 175.639420 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: -0.730262 y: -2.882153 z: -1.294721 w: 63.325996 - velQuater d_time: 0.063000 2 rotating around X axis, angle about 120 degrees, then I have these values in 2 critical frames: x: -0.013045 y: -0.004186 z: -0.005667 w: -0.022482 - diffQuater x: -0.848030 y: -0.187985 z: 0.114400 w: 0.482099 - gyroQuater x: -0.834985 y: -0.183799 z: 0.120067 w: 0.504580 - boxQuater x: 0.036336 y: 0.002312 z: 0.020859 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -113.129463 y: 0.731925 z: 25.415056 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -110.232368 y: 0.860897 z: 25.350458 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: -0.865820 y: -0.456086 z: 0.034084 w: 0.013184 - velQuater d_time: 0.055000 x: -1.721662 y: -0.387898 z: 0.229844 w: 0.910235 - diffQuater x: -0.874310 y: -0.200132 z: 0.115142 w: 0.426933 - gyroQuater x: 0.847352 y: 0.187766 z: -0.114703 w: -0.483302 - boxQuater x: -144.402298 y: 4.891629 z: 71.309158 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -119.515343 y: 1.745076 z: 26.646086 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -112.974533 y: 0.738675 z: 25.411509 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 2.086195 y: 0.676526 z: -0.424351 w: 70.104248 - velQuater d_time: 0.057000 2 rotating around Z axis, angle about 120 degrees, then I have these values in 2 critical frames: x: -0.000736 y: 0.002812 z: -0.004692 w: -0.008181 - diffQuater x: -0.003829 y: 0.012045 z: -0.868035 w: 0.496343 - gyroQuater x: -0.003093 y: 0.009232 z: -0.863343 w: 0.504524 - boxQuater x: -0.000822 y: -0.003032 z: 0.004162 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -1.415189 y: 0.304210 z: -120.481873 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -1.091881 y: 0.227784 z: -119.399445 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 0.159042 y: 0.169228 z: -0.754599 w: 0.003900 - velQuater d_time: 0.025000 x: -0.007598 y: 0.024074 z: -1.749412 w: 0.968588 - diffQuater x: -0.003769 y: 0.012030 z: -0.881377 w: 0.472245 - gyroQuater x: 0.003829 y: -0.012045 z: 0.868035 w: -0.496343 - boxQuater x: -5.645197 y: 1.148993 z: -146.507187 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -1.418294 y: 0.270319 z: -123.638245 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -1.415183 y: 0.304208 z: -120.481873 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 0.017498 y: -0.013332 z: 2.040073 w: 148.120056 - velQuater d_time: 0.027000 The problem is the most visible in diffQuater - euler angles vector. Can someone tell me why it is like that? and how to solve that problem? All suggestions are welcome.

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• Making organic 2D tilemaps for tile based games...

  - by Codejoy

  So I have always wondered how one makes a nice (not so squarish) 2d tile map, is it possible? all games now days I think use textured polygons...but my game engine (and engine) doesn't support that to my knowledge. But it does support nice TMX files generated by mapeditor.org's Tiled Map Editor. Though in my game I want nice twisting and turning caverns to traverse ... I was wondering some ideas on such a process... is it in the art style? The type of tile engine? both? So what are some common techniques?

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• Adding new events to be handled by script part without recompilation of c++ source code

  - by paul424

  As in title I want to write an Event system with handling methods written in external script language, that is Angelscript. The AS methods would have acess to game's world modifing API ( which has to be regsitered for Angelscript Machine as the game starts) . I have come to this problem : if we use the Angelsript for rapid prototyping of the game's world behavior , we would like to be able to define new Event Types, without recompiling the main binary. Is that ever possible , don't stick to Angelscript, I think about any possible scripting language. The main thought is this : If there's some really new Event possible to be constructed , we must monitor some information coming from the binary, for example some variable value changing and the Events are just triggered on some conditions on those changes , wer might be monitoring the Creatures HP, by having a function call on each change, there we could define new Events such as Creature hurt, creature killed, creature healed , creature killed and tormented to pieces ( like geting HP very much below 0 ) . Are there any other ideas of constructing new Events at the scripting side ?

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• Asset missing problem XNA

  - by ChocoMan

  I'm using VS2010 with XNA 4.0 and I'm trying to load an FBX model with texture on the screen. The problem I'm having is this error: Missing Asset: C:\Users\ChocoMan\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\XNAGame\Documents\Visual Studio\Projects\XNAGame\XNAGameContent\Textures\texture.bmp but the actual path to the texture is C:\Users\ChocoMan\Documents\Visual Studio\Projects\XNAGame\XNAGameContent\Textures\texture.bmp Also, when I linked the texture in Maya, I used the above address. Does anyone know why VS is looking for an incorrect address that doesnt exist?

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• LibGdx drawing weird behaviour

  - by Ryckes

  I am finding strange behaviour while rendering TextureRegions in my game, only when pausing it. I am making a game for Android, in Java with LibGdx. When I comment out the line "drawLevelPaused()" everything seems to work fine, both running and paused. When it's not commented, everything works fine until I pause the screen, then it draws those two rectangles, but maybe ships are not shown, and if I comment out drawShips() and drawTarget() (just trying) maybe one of the planets disappears, or if I change the order, other things disappear and those that disappeared before now are rendered again. I can't find the way to fix this behaviour I beg your help, and I hope it's my mistake and not a LibGdx issue. I use OpenGL ES 2.0, stated in AndroidManifest.xml, if it is of any help. Thank you in advance. My Screen render method(game loop) is as follows: @Override public void render(float delta) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); controller.update(delta); renderer.render(); } When world state is PAUSED controller.update does nothing at all, there is a switch in it. And renderer.render() is as follows: public void render() { int worldState=this.world.getWorldState(); updateCamera(); spriteBatch.begin(); drawPlanets(); drawTarget(); drawShips(); if(worldState==World.PAUSED) { drawLevelPaused(); } else if(worldState==World.LEVEL_WON) { drawLevelWin(); } spriteBatch.end(); } And those methods are: private void updateCamera() { this.offset=world.getCameraOffset(); } private void drawPlanets() { for(Planet planet : this.world.getPlanets()) { this.spriteBatch.draw(this.textures.getTexture(planet.getTexture()), (planet.getPosition().x - this.offset[0]) * ppuX, (planet.getPosition().y - this.offset[1]) * ppuY); } } private void drawTarget() { Target target=this.world.getTarget(); this.spriteBatch.draw(this.textures.getTexture(target.getTexture()), (target.getPosition().x - this.offset[0]) * ppuX, (target.getPosition().y - this.offset[1]) * ppuY); } private void drawShips() { for(Ship ship : this.world.getShips()) { this.spriteBatch.draw(this.textures.getTexture(ship.getTexture()), (ship.getPosition().x - this.offset[0]) * ppuX, (ship.getPosition().y - this.offset[1]) * ppuY, ship.getBounds().width*ppuX/2, ship.getBounds().height*ppuY/2, ship.getBounds().width*ppuX, ship.getBounds().height*ppuY, 1.0f, 1.0f, ship.getAngle()-90.0f); } if(this.world.getStillShipVisibility()) { Ship ship=this.world.getStillShip(); Arrow arrow=this.world.getArrow(); this.spriteBatch.draw(this.textures.getTexture(ship.getTexture()), (ship.getPosition().x - this.offset[0]) * ppuX, (ship.getPosition().y - this.offset[1]) * ppuY, ship.getBounds().width*ppuX/2, ship.getBounds().height*ppuY/2, ship.getBounds().width*ppuX, ship.getBounds().height*ppuY, 1f, 1f, ship.getAngle() - 90f); this.spriteBatch.draw(this.textures.getTexture(arrow.getTexture()), (ship.getCenter().x - this.offset[0] - arrow.getBounds().width/2) * ppuX, (ship.getCenter().y - this.offset[1]) * ppuY, arrow.getBounds().width*ppuX/2, 0, arrow.getBounds().width*ppuX, arrow.getBounds().height*ppuY, 1f, arrow.getRate(), ship.getAngle() - 90f); } } private void drawLevelPaused() { this.shapeRenderer.begin(ShapeType.FilledRectangle); this.shapeRenderer.setColor(0f, 0f, 0f, 0.8f); this.shapeRenderer.filledRect(0, 0, this.width/this.ppuX, PAUSE_MARGIN_HEIGHT/this.ppuY); this.shapeRenderer.filledRect(0, (this.height-PAUSE_MARGIN_HEIGHT)/this.ppuY, this.width/this.ppuX, PAUSE_MARGIN_HEIGHT/this.ppuY); this.shapeRenderer.end(); for(Button button : this.world.getPauseButtons()) { this.spriteBatch.draw(this.textures.getTexture(button.getTexture()), (button.getPosition().x - this.offset[0]) * this.ppuX, (button.getPosition().y - this.offset[1]) * this.ppuY); } }

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• Is there an open source sports manager project?

  - by massive

  For a long time I've tried to search for an open source manager game, but without any luck. I'm looking for a suitable project for a reference to my own pet project. Features like well designed data model, tournament and fixture generation and understandable match simulation algorithm would be a great bonuses. I'm especially interested in game projects like Hattrick and SI Games' Football Manager, although it is irrelevant what the particular sport is. The project should be preferably web-based as Hattrick is. I've crawled through GitHub and SourceForge, but I found only a few sports simulation projects. Projects, which I have found, were either dead or not fulfilling my wishes. Do you know any open source manager game / fantasy sports game project, which would be available as open source, OR at least any material, which would be useful when building a such project?

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• GLM Velocity Vectors - Basic Maths to Simulate Steering

  - by Reanimation

  UPDATE - Code updated below but still need help adjusting my math. I have a cube rendered on the screen which represents a car (or similar). Using Projection/Model matrices and Glm I am able to move it back and fourth along the axes and rotate it left or right. I'm having trouble with the vector mathematics to make the cube move forwards no matter which direction it's current orientation is. (ie. if I would like, if it's rotated right 30degrees, when it's move forwards, it travels along the 30degree angle on a new axes). I hope I've explained that correctly. This is what I've managed to do so far in terms of using glm to move the cube: glm::vec3 vel; //velocity vector void renderMovingCube(){ glUseProgram(movingCubeShader.handle()); GLuint matrixLoc4MovingCube = glGetUniformLocation(movingCubeShader.handle(), "ProjectionMatrix"); glUniformMatrix4fv(matrixLoc4MovingCube, 1, GL_FALSE, &ProjectionMatrix[0][0]); glm::mat4 viewMatrixMovingCube; viewMatrixMovingCube = glm::lookAt(camOrigin, camLookingAt, camNormalXYZ); vel.x = cos(rotX); vel.y=sin(rotX); vel*=moveCube; //move cube ModelViewMatrix = glm::translate(viewMatrixMovingCube,globalPos*vel); //bring ground and cube to bottom of screen ModelViewMatrix = glm::translate(ModelViewMatrix, glm::vec3(0,-48,0)); ModelViewMatrix = glm::rotate(ModelViewMatrix, rotX, glm::vec3(0,1,0)); //manually turn glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(movingCubeShader.handle(), "ModelViewMatrix"), 1, GL_FALSE, &ModelViewMatrix[0][0]); //pass matrix to shader movingCube.render(); //draw glUseProgram(0); } keyboard input: void keyboard() { char BACKWARD = keys['S']; char FORWARD = keys['W']; char ROT_LEFT = keys['A']; char ROT_RIGHT = keys['D']; if (FORWARD) //W - move forwards { globalPos += vel; //globalPos.z -= moveCube; BACKWARD = false; } if (BACKWARD)//S - move backwards { globalPos.z += moveCube; FORWARD = false; } if (ROT_LEFT)//A - turn left { rotX +=0.01f; ROT_LEFT = false; } if (ROT_RIGHT)//D - turn right { rotX -=0.01f; ROT_RIGHT = false; } Where am I going wrong with my vectors? I would like change the direction of the cube (which it does) but then move forwards in that direction.

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• Implementing Light Volume Front Faces

  - by cubrman

  I recently read an article about light indexed deferred rendering from here: http://code.google.com/p/lightindexed-deferredrender/ It explains its ideas in a clear way, but there was one point that I failed to understand. It in fact is one of the most interesting ones, as it explains how to implement transparency with this approach: Typically when rendering light volumes in deferred rendering, only surfaces that intersect the light volume are marked and lit. This is generally accomplished by a “shadow volume like” technique of rendering back faces – incrementing stencil where depth is greater than – then rendering front faces and only accepting when depth is less than and stencil is not zero. By only rendering front faces where depth is less than, all future lookups by fragments in the forward rendering pass will get all possible lights that could hit the fragment. Can anyone explain how exactly you need to render only front faces? Another question is why do you need the front faces at all? Why can't we simply render all the lights and store the ones that overlap at this pixel in a texture? Does this approach serves as a cut-off plane to discard lights blocked by opaque geometry?

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• obj-c classes and sub classes (Cocos2d) conversion

  - by Lewis

  Hi I'm using this version of cocos2d: https://github.com/krzysztofzablocki/CCNode-SFGestureRecognizers Which supports the UIGestureRecognizer within a CCLayer in a cocos2d scene like so: @interface HelloWorldLayer : CCLayer <UIGestureRecognizerDelegate> { } Now I want to make this custom gesture work within the scene, attaching it to a sprite in cocos2d: #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h> @protocol OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate <NSObject> @optional - (void) rotation: (CGFloat) angle; - (void) finalAngle: (CGFloat) angle; @end @interface OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer { CGPoint midPoint; CGFloat innerRadius; CGFloat outerRadius; CGFloat cumulatedAngle; id <OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate> target; } - (id) initWithMidPoint: (CGPoint) midPoint innerRadius: (CGFloat) innerRadius outerRadius: (CGFloat) outerRadius target: (id) target; - (void)reset; - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; @end #include <math.h> #import "OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer.h" @implementation OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer // private helper functions CGFloat distanceBetweenPoints(CGPoint point1, CGPoint point2); CGFloat angleBetweenLinesInDegrees(CGPoint beginLineA, CGPoint endLineA, CGPoint beginLineB, CGPoint endLineB); - (id) initWithMidPoint: (CGPoint) _midPoint innerRadius: (CGFloat) _innerRadius outerRadius: (CGFloat) _outerRadius target: (id <OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate>) _target { if ((self = [super initWithTarget: _target action: nil])) { midPoint = _midPoint; innerRadius = _innerRadius; outerRadius = _outerRadius; target = _target; } return self; } /** Calculates the distance between point1 and point 2. */ CGFloat distanceBetweenPoints(CGPoint point1, CGPoint point2) { CGFloat dx = point1.x - point2.x; CGFloat dy = point1.y - point2.y; return sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy); } CGFloat angleBetweenLinesInDegrees(CGPoint beginLineA, CGPoint endLineA, CGPoint beginLineB, CGPoint endLineB) { CGFloat a = endLineA.x - beginLineA.x; CGFloat b = endLineA.y - beginLineA.y; CGFloat c = endLineB.x - beginLineB.x; CGFloat d = endLineB.y - beginLineB.y; CGFloat atanA = atan2(a, b); CGFloat atanB = atan2(c, d); // convert radiants to degrees return (atanA - atanB) * 180 / M_PI; } #pragma mark - UIGestureRecognizer implementation - (void)reset { [super reset]; cumulatedAngle = 0; } - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesBegan:touches withEvent:event]; if ([touches count] != 1) { self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; return; } } - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesMoved:touches withEvent:event]; if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed) return; CGPoint nowPoint = [[touches anyObject] locationInView: self.view]; CGPoint prevPoint = [[touches anyObject] previousLocationInView: self.view]; // make sure the new point is within the area CGFloat distance = distanceBetweenPoints(midPoint, nowPoint); if ( innerRadius <= distance && distance <= outerRadius) { // calculate rotation angle between two points CGFloat angle = angleBetweenLinesInDegrees(midPoint, prevPoint, midPoint, nowPoint); // fix value, if the 12 o'clock position is between prevPoint and nowPoint if (angle > 180) { angle -= 360; } else if (angle < -180) { angle += 360; } // sum up single steps cumulatedAngle += angle; // call delegate if ([target respondsToSelector: @selector(rotation:)]) { [target rotation:angle]; } } else { // finger moved outside the area self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; } } - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesEnded:touches withEvent:event]; if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) { self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateRecognized; if ([target respondsToSelector: @selector(finalAngle:)]) { [target finalAngle:cumulatedAngle]; } } else { self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; } cumulatedAngle = 0; } - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesCancelled:touches withEvent:event]; self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; cumulatedAngle = 0; } @end Header file for view controller: #import "OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer.h" @interface OneFingerRotationGestureViewController : UIViewController <OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate> @property (nonatomic, strong) IBOutlet UIImageView *image; @property (nonatomic, strong) IBOutlet UITextField *textDisplay; @end then this is in the .m file: gestureRecognizer = [[OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithMidPoint: midPoint innerRadius: outRadius / 3 outerRadius: outRadius target: self]; [self.view addGestureRecognizer: gestureRecognizer]; Now my question is, is it possible to add this custom gesture into the cocos2d project found on that github, and if so, what do I need to change in the OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate to get it to work within cocos2d. Because at the minute it is setup in a standard iOS project and not a cocos2d project and I do not know enough about UIViews and classing/ sub classing in obj-c to get this to work. Also it seems to inherit from a UIView where cocos2d uses CCLayer. Kind regards, Lewis. I also realise I may have not included enough code from the custom gesture project for readers to interpret it fully, so the full project can be found here: https://github.com/melle/OneFingerRotationGestureDemo

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• SDL_image & OpenGL Problem

  - by Dylan

  i've been following tutorials online to load textures using SDL and display them on a opengl quad. but ive been getting weird results that no one else on the internet seems to be getting... so when i render the texture in opengl i get something like this. http://www.kiddiescissors.com/after.png when the original .bmp file is this: http://www.kiddiescissors.com/before.bmp ive tried other images too, so its not that this particular image is corrupt. it seems like my rgb channels are all jumbled or something. im pulling my hair out at this point. heres the relevant code from my init() function if ( SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) != 0 ) { return 1; } SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1); SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_RED_SIZE, 8 ); SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_GREEN_SIZE, 8 ); SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_BLUE_SIZE, 8 ); SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_ALPHA_SIZE, 8 ); SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_MULTISAMPLEBUFFERS, 1); SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_MULTISAMPLESAMPLES, 4); SDL_SetVideoMode(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, 32, SDL_HWSURFACE | SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER | SDL_OPENGL); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(50, (GLfloat)WINDOW_WIDTH/WINDOW_HEIGHT, 1, 50); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glEnable(GL_MULTISAMPLE); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE); glBlendFunc(GL_ONE, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); glEnable(GL_BLEND); heres the code that is called when my main player object (the one with which this sprite is associated) is initialized texture = 0; SDL_Surface* surface = IMG_Load("i.bmp"); glGenTextures(1, &texture); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, surface->w, surface->h, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, surface->pixels); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); SDL_FreeSurface(surface); and then heres the relevant code from my display function glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glLoadIdentity(); glColor4f(1, 1, 1, 1); glPushMatrix(); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); glTranslatef(getCenter().x, getCenter().y, 0); glRotatef(getAngle()*(180/M_PI), 0, 0, 1); glTranslatef(-getCenter().x, -getCenter().y, 0); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(getTopLeft().x, getTopLeft().y, 0); glTexCoord2f(0, 1); glVertex3f(getTopLeft().x, getTopLeft().y + size.y, 0); glTexCoord2f(1, 1); glVertex3f(getTopLeft().x + size.x, getTopLeft().y + size.y, 0); glTexCoord2f(1, 0); glVertex3f(getTopLeft().x + size.x, getTopLeft().y, 0); glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); let me know if i left out anything important... or if you need more info from me. thanks a ton, -Dylan

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• Heightmap in Shader not working

  - by CSharkVisibleBasix

  I'm trying to implement GPU based geometry clipmapping and have problems to apply a simple heightmap to my terrain. For the heightmap I use a simple texture with the surface format "single". I've taken the texture from here. To apply it to my terrain, I use the following shader code: texture Heightmap; sampler2D HeightmapSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <Heightmap>; MinFilter = Point; MagFilter = Point; MipFilter = Point; AddressU = Mirror; AddressV = Mirror; }; Vertex Shader: float4 worldPos = mul(float4(pos.x,0.0f,pos.y, 1.0f), worldMatrix); float elevation = tex2Dlod(HeightmapSampler, float4(worldPos.x, worldPos.z,0,0)); worldPos.y = elevation * 128; The complete vertex shader (also containig clipmapping transforms) looks like this: float4x4 View : View; float4x4 Projection : Projection; float3 CameraPos : CameraPosition; float LODscale; //The LOD ring index 0:highest x:lowest float2 Position; //The position of the part in the world texture Heightmap; sampler2D HeightmapSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <Heightmap>; MinFilter = Point; MagFilter = Point; MipFilter = Point; AddressU = Mirror; AddressV = Mirror; }; //Accept only float2 because we extract 3rd dim out of Heightmap float4 wireframe_VS(float2 pos : POSITION) : POSITION{ float4x4 worldMatrix = float4x4( LODscale, 0, 0, 0, 0, LODscale, 0, 0, 0, 0, LODscale, 0, - Position.x * 64 * LODscale + CameraPos.x, 0, Position.y * 64 * LODscale + CameraPos.z, 1); float4 worldPos = mul(float4(pos.x,0.0f,pos.y, 1.0f), worldMatrix); float elevation = tex2Dlod(HeightmapSampler, float4(worldPos.x, worldPos.z,0,0)); worldPos.y = elevation * 128; float4 viewPos = mul(worldPos, View); float4 projPos = mul(viewPos, Projection); return projPos; }

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• Does DirectX implement Triple Buffering?

  - by Asik

  As AnandTech put it best in this 2009 article: In render ahead, frames cannot be dropped. This means that when the queue is full, what is displayed can have a lot more lag. Microsoft doesn't implement triple buffering in DirectX, they implement render ahead (from 0 to 8 frames with 3 being the default). The major difference in the technique we've described here is the ability to drop frames when they are outdated. Render ahead forces older frames to be displayed. Queues can help smoothness and stuttering as a few really quick frames followed by a slow frame end up being evened out and spread over more frames. But the price you pay is in lag (the more frames in the queue, the longer it takes to empty the queue and the older the frames are that are displayed). As I understand it, DirectX "Swap Chain" is merely a render ahead queue, i.e. buffers cannot be dropped; the longer the chain, the greater the input latency. At the same time, I find it hard to believe that the most widely used graphics API would not implement such fundamental functionality correctly. Is there a way to get proper triple buffered vertical synchronisation in DirectX?

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• Can't load vector font in Nuclex Framework

  - by ProgrammerAtWork

  I've been trying to get this to work for the last 2 hours and I'm not getting what I'm doing wrong... I've added Nuclex.TrueTypeImporter to my references in my content and I've added Nuclex.Fonts & Nuclex.Graphics in my main project. I've put Arial-24-Vector.spritefont & Lindsey.spritefont in the root of my content directory. _spriteFont = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("Lindsey"); // works _testFont = Content.Load<VectorFont>("Arial-24-Vector"); // crashes I get this error on the _testFont line: File contains Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.SpriteFont but trying to load as Nuclex.Fonts.VectorFont. So I've searched around and by the looks of it it has something to do with the content importer & the content processor. For the content importer I have no new choices, so I leave it as it is, Sprite Font Description - XNA Framework for content processor and I select Vector Font - Nuclex Framework And then I try to run it. _testFont = Content.Load<VectorFont>("Arial-24-Vector"); // crashes again I get the following error Error loading "Arial-24-Vector". It does work if I load a sprite, so it's not a pathing problem. I've checked the samples, they do work, but I think they also use a different version of the XNA framework because in my version the "Content" class starts with a capital letter. I'm at a loss, so I ask here. Edit: Something super weird is going on. I've just added the following two lines to a method inside FreeTypeFontProcessor::FreeTypeFontProcessor( Microsoft::Xna::Framework::Content::Pipeline::Graphics::FontDescription ^fontDescription, FontHinter hinter, just to check if code would even get there: System::Console::WriteLine("I AM HEEREEE"); System::Console::ReadLine(); So, I compile it, put it in my project, I run it and... it works! What the hell?? This is weird because I've downloaded the binaries, they didn't work, I've compiled the binaries myself. didn't work either, but now I make a small change to the code and it works? _. So, now I remove the two lines, compile it again and it works again. Someone care to elaborate what is going on? Probably some weird caching problem!

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• Shadows shimmer when camera moves

  - by Chad Layton

  I've implemented shadow maps in my simple block engine as an exercise. I'm using one directional light and using the view volume to create the shadow matrices. I'm experiencing some problems with the shadows shimmering when the camera moves and I'd like to know if it's an issue with my implementation or just an issue with basic/naive shadow mapping itself. Here's a video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyprATt5BBg&feature=youtu.be Here's the code I use to create the shadow matrices. The commented out code is my original attempt to perfectly fit the view frustum. You can also see my attempt to try clamping movement to texels in the shadow map which didn't seem to make any difference. Then I tried using a bounding sphere instead, also to no apparent effect. public void CreateViewProjectionTransformsToFit(Camera camera, out Matrix viewTransform, out Matrix projectionTransform, out Vector3 position) { BoundingSphere cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere = BoundingSphere.CreateFromFrustum(camera.ViewFrustum); float lightNearPlaneDistance = 1.0f; Vector3 lookAt = cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere.Center; float distanceFromLookAt = cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere.Radius + lightNearPlaneDistance; Vector3 directionFromLookAt = -Direction * distanceFromLookAt; position = lookAt + directionFromLookAt; viewTransform = Matrix.CreateLookAt(position, lookAt, Vector3.Up); float lightFarPlaneDistance = distanceFromLookAt + cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere.Radius; float diameter = cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere.Radius * 2.0f; Matrix.CreateOrthographic(diameter, diameter, lightNearPlaneDistance, lightFarPlaneDistance, out projectionTransform); //Vector3 cameraViewFrustumCentroid = camera.ViewFrustum.GetCentroid(); //position = cameraViewFrustumCentroid - (Direction * (camera.FarPlaneDistance - camera.NearPlaneDistance)); //viewTransform = Matrix.CreateLookAt(position, cameraViewFrustumCentroid, Up); //Vector3[] cameraViewFrustumCornersWS = camera.ViewFrustum.GetCorners(); //Vector3[] cameraViewFrustumCornersLS = new Vector3[8]; //Vector3.Transform(cameraViewFrustumCornersWS, ref viewTransform, cameraViewFrustumCornersLS); //Vector3 min = cameraViewFrustumCornersLS[0]; //Vector3 max = cameraViewFrustumCornersLS[0]; //for (int i = 1; i < 8; i++) //{ // min = Vector3.Min(min, cameraViewFrustumCornersLS[i]); // max = Vector3.Max(max, cameraViewFrustumCornersLS[i]); //} //// Clamp to nearest texel //float texelSize = 1.0f / Renderer.ShadowMapSize; //min.X -= min.X % texelSize; //min.Y -= min.Y % texelSize; //min.Z -= min.Z % texelSize; //max.X -= max.X % texelSize; //max.Y -= max.Y % texelSize; //max.Z -= max.Z % texelSize; //// We just use an orthographic projection matrix. The sun is so far away that it's rays are essentially parallel. //Matrix.CreateOrthographicOffCenter(min.X, max.X, min.Y, max.Y, -max.Z, -min.Z, out projectionTransform); } And here's the relevant part of the shader: if (CastShadows) { float4 positionLightCS = mul(float4(position, 1.0f), LightViewProj); float2 texCoord = clipSpaceToScreen(positionLightCS) + 0.5f / ShadowMapSize; float shadowMapDepth = tex2D(ShadowMapSampler, texCoord).r; float distanceToLight = length(LightPosition - position); float bias = 0.2f; if (shadowMapDepth < (distanceToLight - bias)) { return float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); } } The shimmer is slightly better if I drastically reduce the view volume but I think that's mostly just because the texels become smaller and it's harder to notice them flickering back and forth. I'd appreciate any insight, I'd very much like to understand what's going on before I try other techniques.

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• Best practices for periodically saving game state to disk

  - by Ben Morris

  I'm working on an MMO. All of the player and environment data lives on a server and is kept in memory. There's a "world" object which keeps track of all of the maps, characters, etc. and their relations to each other. To avoid data loss in case of a crash, I've been periodically serializing the world to disk. The trouble is, this object can be quite large, so when the server starts writing, there's noticeable in-game slowdown for a few seconds, which I'd like to avoid. Any pointers on how to go about this in a more efficient way?

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• How are realistic 3D faces created and animated in video games?

  - by Anton

  I'm interested in being able to create realistic faces and facial expressions for the 3D characters of a game I'm working on. Think something similar to the dialog scenes in games like Mass Effect. Unfortunately I'm not sure where to begin. I'm sure the faces/animations are created through 3D Modeling software, but otherwise I am lost. Do facial animations use the same "bones" that normal body animation uses? Is there any preferred 3D software for realistic faces and animations? Is there a preferred format to export these faces and animations in?

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• Is HTML5/WebGL performance unreliable on low-end Android tablets and phones?

  - by Boris van Schooten

  I've developed a couple of WebGL games, and am trying them out on Android. I found that they run very slowly on my tablet, however. For example, a game with 10 sprites or so runs as 5fps. I tried Chrome and CocoonJS, but they are comparably slow. I also tried other games, and even games with only 5 or so moving sprites are this slow. This seems inconsistent with reports from others, such as this benchmark. Typically, when people talk about HTML5 game performance, they mention well-known and higher-end phones and tables. While my 7" tablet is cheap (I believe it's a relabeled Allwinner tablet, apparently with the Mali 400 GPU), I found it generally has a good gaming performance. All the games I tried run smoothly. I also developed an OpenGL ES 2 demo with 200 shaded 3D objects, and it ran at 50fps. My suspicion is that many low-end and white-label devices may have unacceptable HTML5/WebGL support, which means there may be a large section of gamers you will not reach when you choose this as your platform. I've heard rumors about inconsistent performance of HTML5 and WebGL on different devices, but no clear picture emerges. I would like to hear if any of you have had similar experiences with HTML5 or WebGL, or whether I can find information about the percentage of devices I can expect to have decent performance.

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• Turning on collision crashes game

  - by MomentumGaming

  I am getting a null pointer excecption to both my sprite and level. I am working on my mob class, and when I try to move him and the move function is called, the game crashes after checking collision with a null pointer excecption. Taking out the one line that actually checks if the tile located in front of it fixes the problem. Also, if i keep collision ON but don't move the position of the mob (the spider) the game works fine. I will have collision, and the spider appears on the screen, only problem is, getting it to move causes this nasty error that i just can't fix. true Exception in thread "Display" java.lang.NullPointerException at com.apcompsci.game.entity.mob.Mob.collision(Mob.java:67) at com.apcompsci.game.entity.mob.Mob.move(Mob.java:38) at com.apcompsci.game.entity.mob.spider.update(spider.java:58) at com.apcompsci.game.level.Level.update(Level.java:55) at com.apcompsci.game.Game.update(Game.java:128) at com.apcompsci.game.Game.run(Game.java:106) at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source) Here is my renderMob mehtod: public void renderMob(int xp,int yp,Sprite sprite,int flip) { xp -= xOffset; yp-=yOffset; for(int y = 0; y<32; y++) { int ya = y + yp; int ys = y; if(flip == 2||flip == 3)ys = 31-y; for(int x = 0; x<32; x++) { int xa = x + xp; int xs = x; if(flip == 1||flip == 3)xs = 31-x; if(xa < -32 || xa >=width || ya<0||ya>=height) break; if(xa<0) xa =0; int col = sprite.pixels[xs+ys*32]; if(col!= 0x000000) pixels[xa+ya*width] = col; } } } My spider class which determines the sprite and where I control movement, also rendering the spider onto the screen, when I increment ya to move the sprite, I get the crash, but without ya++, it runs flawlessly with a spider sprite on screen: package com.apcompsci.game.entity.mob; import com.apcompsci.game.entity.mob.Mob.Direction; import com.apcompsci.game.graphics.Screen; import com.apcompsci.game.graphics.Sprite; import com.apcompsci.game.level.Level; public class spider extends Mob{ Direction dir; private Sprite sprite; private boolean walking; public spider(int x, int y) { this.x = x <<4; this.y = y <<4; sprite = sprite.spider_forward; } public void update() { int xa = 0, ya = 0; ya++; if(ya<0) { sprite = sprite.spider_forward; dir = Direction.UP; } if(ya>0) { sprite = sprite.spider_back; dir = Direction.DOWN; } if(xa<0) { sprite = sprite.spider_side; dir = Direction.LEFT; } if(xa>0) { sprite = sprite.spider_side; dir = Direction.LEFT; } if(xa!= 0 || ya!= 0) { System.out.println("true"); move(xa,ya); walking = true; } else{ walking = false; } } public void render(Screen screen) { screen.renderMob(x, y, sprite, 0); } } This is th mob class that contains the move() method that is called in the spider class above. This move method calls the collision method. tile and sprite comes up null in the debugger: package com.apcompsci.game.entity.mob; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import com.apcompsci.game.entity.Entity; import com.apcompsci.game.entity.projectile.DemiGodProjectile; import com.apcompsci.game.entity.projectile.Projectile; import com.apcompsci.game.graphics.Sprite; public class Mob extends Entity{ protected Sprite sprite; protected boolean moving = false; protected enum Direction { UP,DOWN,LEFT,RIGHT } protected Direction dir; public void move(int xa,int ya) { if(xa != 0 && ya != 0) { move(xa,0); move(0,ya); return; } if(xa>0) dir = Direction.RIGHT; if(xa<0) dir = Direction.LEFT; if(ya>0)dir = Direction.DOWN; if(ya<0)dir = Direction.UP; if(!collision(xa,ya)){ x+= xa; y+=ya; } } public void update() { } public void shoot(int x, int y, double dir) { //dir = Math.toDegrees(dir); Projectile p = new DemiGodProjectile(x, y,dir); level.addProjectile(p); } public boolean collision(int xa,int ya) { boolean solid = false; for(int c = 0; c<4; c++) { int xt = ((x+xa) + c % 2 * 14 - 8 )/16; int yt = ((y+ya) + c / 2 * 12 +3 )/16; if(level.getTile(xt, yt).solid()) solid = true; } return solid; } public void render() { } } Finally, here is the method in which i call the add() method for the spider to add it to the level: protected void loadLevel(String path) { try{ BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(SpawnLevel.class.getResource(path)); int w = width =image.getWidth(); int h = height = image.getHeight(); tiles = new int[w*h]; image.getRGB(0, 0, w,h, tiles,0, w); } catch(IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("Exception! Could not load level file!"); } add(new spider(20,45)); } I don't think i need to include the level class but just in case, I have provided a gistHub link for better context. It contains all of the full classes listed above , plus my entity class and maybe another. Thanks for the help if you decide to do so, much appreciated! Also, please tell me if i'm in the wrong section of stackeoverflow, i figured that since this is the gamign section that it belonged but debugging code normally goes into the general section.

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• OpenGL: glGetError() returns invalid enum after call to glewInit()

  - by malymato

  I use GLEW and freeglut. For some reason, after a call to glewInit(), glGetError() returns error code 1280. Reinstalling the drivers didn't help. I tried to disable glewExperimental, it had no effect. Code worked before, but I am not aware of any changes I could possibly make. Here's my code: int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { GLenum GlewInitResult, res; InitWindow(argc, argv); res = glGetError(); // res = 0 glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; GlewInitResult = glewInit(); res = glGetError(); // res = 1280 glutMainLoop(); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } void InitWindow(int argc, char* argv[]) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitContextVersion(4, 0); glutInitContextFlags(GLUT_FORWARD_COMPATIBLE); glutInitContextProfile(GLUT_CORE_PROFILE); glutSetOption(GLUT_ACTION_ON_WINDOW_CLOSE, GLUT_ACTION_GLUTMAINLOOP_RETURNS); glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0); glutInitWindowSize(CurrentWidth, CurrentHeight); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA); WindowHandle = glutCreateWindow(WINDOW_TITLE); GLenum errorCheckValue = glGetError(); if (WindowHandle < 1) { fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Could not create new rendering window.\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } glutReshapeFunc(ResizeFunction); glutDisplayFunc(RenderFunction); glutIdleFunc(IdleFunction); glutTimerFunc(0, TimerFunction, 0); glutCloseFunc(Cleanup); glutKeyboardFunc(KeyboardFunction); } Could someone tell me what I am doing wrong? Thanks.

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• Moving my sprite in XNA using classes

  - by Tom

  Hey, im a newbie at this programming lark and its really frustrating me. I'm trying to move a snake in all directions while using classes. Ive created a vector2 for speed and ive attempted creating a method which moves the snake within the snake class. Now I'm confused and not sure what to do next. Appreciate any help. Thanks :D This is what i've done in terms of the method... public Vector2 direction() { Vector2 inputDirection = Vector2.Zero; if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) inputDirection.X -= -1; if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) inputDirection.X += 1; if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Up)) inputDirection.Y -= -1; if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Down)) inputDirection.Y += 1; return inputDirection * snakeSpeed; } Appreciate any help. Thanks :D EDIT: Well let me make everything clear. Im making a small basic game for an assignment. The game is similar to the old snake game on the old Nokia phones. I've created a snake class (even though I'm not sure whether this is needed because im only going to be having one moving sprite within the game). After I written the code above (in the snake class), the game ran with no errors but I couldn't actually move the image :( EDIT2: Thanks so much for everyones responses!!

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• Data Structures for Logic Games / Deduction Rules / Sufficient Set of Clues?

  - by taserian

  I've been cogitating about developing a logic game similar to Einstein's Puzzle , which would have different sets of clues for every new game replay. What data structures would you use to handle the different entities (pets, colors of houses, nationalities, etc.), deduction rules, etc. to guarantee that the clues you provide point to a unique solution? I'm having a hard time thinking about how to get the deduction rules to play along with the possible clues; any insight would be appreciated.

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• libgdx - removing the circle outline rendered on Box2d CircleShape

  - by Brett

  How can I remove the outline on the circleshape below.. CircleShape circle = new CircleShape(); circle.setRadius(1f); ... using ... batch.draw(textureRegion, position.x - 1, position.y - 1, 1f, 1f, 2, 2, 1, 1, angle); I use this to set the body for a Box2d collision but I get a silly circle shape around my texture in libGdx, i.e. my textured sprite (ball) has a circle over the top of it with a line running from center along the radius. Any ideas on how to remove the overlying circle lines?

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• Android threads trouble wrapping my head around design

  - by semajhan

  I am having trouble wrapping my head around game design. On the android platform, I have an activity and set its content view with a custom surface view. The custom surface view acts as my panel and I create instances of all classes and do all the drawing and calculation in there. Question: Should I instead create the instances of other classes in my activity? Now I create a custom thread class that handles the game loop. Question: How do I use this one class in all my activities? Or do I have to create a separate thread each time? In my previous game, I had multiple levels that had to create an instance of the thread class and in the thread class I had to set constructor methods for each separate level and in the loop use a switch statement to check which level it needs to render and update. Sorry if that sounds confusing. I just want to know if the method I am using is inefficient (which it probably is) and how to go about designing it the correct way. I have read many tutorials out there and I am still having lots of trouble with this particular topic. Maybe a link to a some tutorials that explain this? Thanks.

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• How can I create a 3D model in Java without using modeling software?

  - by Galen Nare

  I am a lightly experienced game developer and this is my first time trying 3D objects in Java for the first time. I have been recently creating and updating games using AWT, Swing, and Graphics, but I want to delve farther into Java. I have looked into Java3D, but it's not what I want. I want to use Images and then crop the Image and place the respective textures in their respective places. I already know how to do the cropping and 2D Image editing, but how do I go 3D?

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• Finding Z given X & Y coordinates on terrain?

  - by mrky

  I need to know what the most efficient way of finding Z given X & Y coordinates on terrain. My terrain is set up as a grid, each grid block consisting of two triangles, which may be flipped in any direction. I want to move game objects smoothly along the floor of the terrain without "stepping." I'm currently using the following method with unexpected results: double mapClass::getZ(double x, double y) { int vertexIndex = ((floor(y))*width*2)+((floor(x))*2); vec3ray ray = {glm::vec3(x, y, 2), glm::vec3(x, y, 0)}; vec3triangle tri1 = { glmFrom(vertices[vertexIndex].v1), glmFrom(vertices[vertexIndex].v2), glmFrom(vertices[vertexIndex].v3) }; vec3triangle tri2 = { glmFrom(vertices[vertexIndex+1].v1), glmFrom(vertices[vertexIndex+1].v2), glmFrom(vertices[vertexIndex+1].v3) }; glm::vec3 intersect; if (!intersectRayTriangle(tri1, ray, intersect)) { intersectRayTriangle(tri2, ray, intersect); } return intersect.z; } intersectRayTriangle() and glmFrom() are as follows: bool intersectRayTriangle(vec3triangle tri, vec3ray ray, glm::vec3 &worldIntersect) { glm::vec3 barycentricIntersect; if (glm::intersectLineTriangle(ray.origin, ray.direction, tri.p0, tri.p1, tri.p2, barycentricIntersect)) { // Convert barycentric to world coordinates double u, v, w; u = barycentricIntersect.x; v = barycentricIntersect.y; w = 1 - (u+v); worldIntersect.x = (u * tri.p0.x + v * tri.p1.x + w * tri.p2.x); worldIntersect.y = (u * tri.p0.y + v * tri.p1.y + w * tri.p2.y); worldIntersect.z = (u * tri.p0.z + v * tri.p1.z + w * tri.p2.z); return true; } else { return false; } } glm::vec3 glmFrom(s_point3f point) { return glm::vec3(point.x, point.y, point.z); } My convenience structures are defined as: struct s_point3f { GLfloat x, y, z; }; struct s_triangle3f { s_point3f v1, v2, v3; }; struct vec3ray { glm::vec3 origin, direction; }; struct vec3triangle { glm::vec3 p0, p1, p2; }; vertices is defined as: std::vector<s_triangle3f> vertices; Basically, I'm trying to get the intersect of a ray (which is positioned at the x, and y coordinates specified facing pointing downwards toward the terrain) and one of the two triangles on the grid. getZ() rarely returns anything but 0. Other times, the numbers it generates seem to be completely off. Am I taking the wrong approach? Can anyone see a problem with my code? Any help or critique is appreciated!

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